WO2022247909A1 - 愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物及其制药用途 - Google Patents

愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物及其制药用途 Download PDF

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WO2022247909A1
WO2022247909A1 PCT/CN2022/095243 CN2022095243W WO2022247909A1 WO 2022247909 A1 WO2022247909 A1 WO 2022247909A1 CN 2022095243 W CN2022095243 W CN 2022095243W WO 2022247909 A1 WO2022247909 A1 WO 2022247909A1
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diseases
compound
syndrome
pharmaceutically acceptable
disease
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PCT/CN2022/095243
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French (fr)
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胡立宏
刘健
吕祁
胡杨
董董
王平
杨梦�
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南京中医药大学
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Priority to KR1020237034832A priority Critical patent/KR20230159466A/ko
Priority to CA3220413A priority patent/CA3220413A1/en
Priority to AU2022282314A priority patent/AU2022282314B2/en
Priority to EP22810633.2A priority patent/EP4321508A1/en
Priority to JP2023567132A priority patent/JP2024516840A/ja
Publication of WO2022247909A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022247909A1/zh
Priority to US18/519,062 priority patent/US20240124409A1/en

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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compound derivative and its use, in particular to a class of guaiac-like sesquiterpene derivatives and its pharmaceutical use.
  • the inflammasome is a protein complex that can recognize PAMPs (pathogen-associated pattern molecules) or DAMPs (damage-associated pattern molecules) in innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells [Front Immunol, 2019, 10:2538.].
  • PAMPs pathogen-associated pattern molecules
  • DAMPs damage-associated pattern molecules
  • innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells
  • Different types of inflammasomes such as NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, Pyrin, NLRP6, and AIM2
  • NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, Pyrin, NLRP6, and AIM2 can mediate inflammatory responses, promote the release of cellular inflammatory factors, and transmit signals to the immune system. They are the initiators of inflammation and natural immunity. A bridge to acquired immunity [Cell, 2016, 165:792-800.].
  • NLRP3 inflammasomes can widely recognize DAMPs and PAMPs from different sources. Therefore, the research on NLRP3 inflammasomes has attracted attention from different fields and is currently the most in-depth study Inflammasome, and has been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence and development of various chronic inflammatory diseases [Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2018, 17:588-606.].
  • the NLRP3 inflammasome is composed of three parts: the receptor protein NLRP3, the regulatory protein ASC and the effector protein pro-Caspase-1 [Immunol Rev, 2015, 265:35-52.].
  • the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is divided into two steps.
  • the first step: TLR4 receptors recognize the first signal such as PAMPs, DAMPs or exogenous stress molecules, and up-regulate NLRP3, pro-IL-1 ⁇ and pro-IL by activating the NF- ⁇ B pathway.
  • the receptor protein NLRP3 recognizes the second signal such as PAMPs, DAMPs or intracellular stress molecules, activates pro-Caspase-1 by binding to the adapter protein ASC, and then cracks and activates pro-IL -1 ⁇ and pro-IL-18, promote the maturation and secretion of IL-1 ⁇ and IL-18 [Int J Mol Sci,2019,20:3328.].
  • IL-1 ⁇ will further activate the NF- ⁇ B signaling pathway through autocrine and paracrine pathways, promote the secretion of IL-1 ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , IL-6, IL-8 and other cytokines, trigger an inflammatory cascade reaction, and lead to chronic The occurrence and development of [Front Immunol,2019,10:276.].
  • NLRP3 inflammasome Excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases, including immune diseases, autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors, skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver-related diseases, kidney system-related diseases, gastrointestinal tract Related diseases, central nervous system diseases, metabolic diseases, endocrine-related diseases, respiratory diseases, lymphatic system diseases, inflammation, infectious diseases, eye diseases, psychological disorders, pain, etc.
  • arglabin guaiacane besquiterpene lactone arglabin
  • EC 50 10nM
  • arglabin can reduce the NLPR3 inflammasome-related Inflammation, protect islet ⁇ cells, and prevent type 2 diabetes [Circulation, 2015, 131: 1061-1070; J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2016, 357: 487-494.].
  • Agrabin is derived from the plant Absinthe wormwood (Artemisia) in Ukraine, with a low content of about 0.27% [J Nat Prop, 1999,62:1068-1071.]; its solubility in water is only 7.9 ⁇ g/mL; The chemical stability in gastric juice environment is poor, the degradation rate reaches 50% within 8 hours, and the oral bioavailability is only 5%.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a guaiac-like sesquiterpene derivative to improve the chemical stability, water solubility and oral bioavailability of the compound.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the compounds in the preparation of medicines for treating diseases related to NLRP3 inflammasomes.
  • R 1 and R 2 together form a double bond; or R 1 is hydrogen or deuterium, and R 2 is Where R3 and R4 are hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl respectively; R3 , R4 and N atoms form a ring structure with 3 to 9 members, and the ring can be substituted by one or more substituents, including alkyl , ester, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, or heterocyclyl;
  • R 5 and R 6 can be connected with a single bond to form cyclopropane, when R 5 and R 6 do not form cyclopropane, R 5 is methyl, R 6 is hydroxyl, alkoxy, ester group or halogen, etc., wherein when R When 6 is not a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an ester group or a halogen, it can form a double bond with an adjacent carbon atom;
  • R 7 is hydrogen or hydroxyl
  • R 8 and R 9 can be connected with a single bond to form cyclopropane, and R 10 is hydrogen; when R 8 and R 9 do not form cyclopropane, R 8 is methyl, and R 9 and R 10 are directly connected to form cyclopropane.
  • the guaiane sesquiterpene derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from the following compounds:
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the guaiane sesquiterpene derivative refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt formed with an inorganic acid or an organic acid, including hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphoric acid Salt, maleate, fumaric acid, citrate, etc.
  • composition selected from:
  • the present application also discloses a preparation method of the above-mentioned guaiane sesquiterpene derivatives.
  • the present application also discloses a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or more selected from the above-mentioned guaiane sesquiterpene derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as active ingredients.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or auxiliary material.
  • the present application also discloses the use of the above-mentioned guaiane sesquiterpene derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pharmaceutical compositions in the preparation of medicines for preventing or treating NLPR3 inflammasome-related diseases.
  • the present application also discloses the preparation of the above-mentioned guaiane sesquiterpene derivatives or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts in combination with other pharmaceutically acceptable therapeutic agents, especially other NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, for the prevention or treatment of Use in medicine for NLPR3 inflammasome-associated diseases.
  • the present invention provides a method for preventing or treating NLPR3 inflammasome-related diseases, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a guaiac-based sesquiterpene derivative or One or more of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or according to the present invention comprising a therapeutically effective amount selected from the guaiac sesquiterpene derivatives according to the present invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof One or more pharmaceutical compositions as active ingredients.
  • the NLPR3 inflammasome-related diseases include: immune diseases, autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors, skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver-related diseases, renal system-related diseases, gastrointestinal tract-related diseases, central nervous system diseases, metabolic Diseases, endocrine-related diseases, respiratory diseases, lymphatic system diseases, inflammation, infectious diseases, eye diseases, psychological disorders, pain, etc.
  • Cryopyrin protein-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS): Muck-Wells syndrome (MWS), familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS) and chronic infantile neuro-cutaneous neuroarticular syndrome (NOMID) ); (2) Autoinflammatory diseases: familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), hyperimmunoglobulin D, and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS), interleukin 1 receptor (DIRA) deficiency, Majeed syndrome, septic arthritis, impetigo gangrene and acne (PAPA), A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20), pediatric granulomatous joints PGA, PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (PLAID), PLCG2-associated autoinflammation, antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID) and sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fever, and developmental delay ( SIFD); (3) Sweet's syndrome: chronic
  • the colitis includes ulcerative colitis.
  • the NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases include acute gouty arthritis.
  • the present application uses parthenolide, dehydrocresinolide and other abundant natural ingredients as raw materials, and synthesizes the general formula I with high stereoselectivity through targeted structural modification
  • the cyclopropane configurations of the guaiac-like sesquiterpene derivatives shown are all ⁇ configurations.
  • the experimental results show that the inhibitory activity of these compounds on NLPR3 inflammasome activation is maintained, and the chemical stability, water solubility and oral bioavailability have been significantly improved, and they have good development and application prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is the variation of compound 1 and compound 25 concentrations over time in HEPES7.4 solution;
  • Figure 2 is the time-dependent changes in the concentrations of compound 1 and compound 25 in mouse plasma.
  • parthenolide Take 5 kg of dried root bark of Magnolia japonica, grind it into coarse powder, soak it in 10 times the amount of 95% ethanol for 12 hours, heat and reflux for extraction twice for 2 hours each time, filter, combine the filtrates, concentrate under reduced pressure, and dry to obtain the crude extract of Magnolia japonica. Purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate gradient, and fractions rich in parthenolide and woody lactone were collected in sections, combined, concentrated, and recrystallized to obtain parthenolide. The preparation yield was 4.0%, and the purity was 96.3%.
  • Embodiment 2 the synthesis of compound 1 ⁇ 9
  • Agrabine has a strong inhibitory effect on the activation of NLPR3 inflammasome
  • the epoxy ring in its structure can be hydrolyzed and opened under acidic conditions, and the test found that its degradation rate reached 50% within 8 hours. Therefore, we replaced the epoxy ring in Agrabine with cyclopropane, hoping to improve its chemical stability while maintaining its activity.
  • reaction solution was quenched by adding saturated ammonium chloride, extracted with ethyl acetate (10mL ⁇ 3), the organic layer was washed with water (10mL ⁇ 3) and saturated brine (10mL ⁇ 3) successively, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then reduced pressure Concentrate and separate by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 9 with a yield of 12%.
  • Embodiment 3 the stability test of compound 1 ⁇ 9
  • Embodiment 4 Prodrug preparation (prodrug includes salt)
  • fumarate compound 25 was prepared according to the preparation method of compound 10 hydrochloride. Yield 80%.
  • compound 26 can be prepared by referring to the preparation method of compound 10 hydrochloride, and the yield is 95%.
  • compound 27 can be prepared by referring to the preparation method of compound 10 hydrochloride, and the yield is 95%.
  • compound 28 can be prepared by referring to the preparation method of compound 10 hydrochloride with a yield of 85%.
  • compound 29 can be prepared by referring to the preparation method of compound 10 hydrochloride, and the yield is 83%.
  • compound 30 can be prepared by referring to the preparation method of compound 10 hydrochloride with a yield of 80%.
  • compound 31 can be prepared by referring to the preparation method of compound 10 hydrochloride, and the yield is 76%.
  • compound 32 can be prepared by referring to the preparation method of compound 10 hydrochloride with a yield of 88%.
  • 1 H NMR 500MHz, CD 3 OD: ⁇ 4.44-4.40(m,1H,H 6 ),3.38-3.33(m,1H),3.26-3.22(m,1H),2.94-2.90(m,1H ,H 11 ),2.88(s,6H),2.26-1.98(m,2H),1.96-1.92(m,1H),1.84-1.80(m,1H),1.78-1.75(m,1H),1.58- 1.41(m,5H),1.25-1.20(m,1H),1.13-1.08(m,1H),1.01-0.98(m,1H),0.70-0.68(m,1H),0.46-0.42(m,1H ),0.33-0.18(m,4H),0.15-0.11(m,2H).
  • the ROESY spectrum showed that there was a signal correlation between H
  • Example 5 Compound 25 is converted to Compound 1 in plasma and HEPES
  • HEPES 7.4 solution preparation 1.6g of NaCl, 0.074g of KCl, 0.027g of Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.2g of glucose and 1g of 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solution in 90mL of distilled water, Adjust the pH value to 7.4 with 0.5M NaOH, and then dilute to 100 mL with distilled water.
  • HEPES 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid
  • Plasma preparation take the mouse plasma in an EP tube pre-filled with heparin sodium, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C, and get the supernatant.
  • Sample analysis 0.6 mg of compound 25 was dissolved in 250 ⁇ l of deionized water. Add 250 ⁇ L of mouse serum or HEPES7.4 solution to the sample, incubate at 37°C, take samples at different time points, take 20 ⁇ L of the sample into an EP tube, add 60 ⁇ L of methanol, vortex, and centrifuge at 12,000 rpm at 4°C 10min. At 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h, the supernatant was taken, and the samples were analyzed by HPLC. The injection volume was 10 ⁇ L, and the corresponding peak areas were recorded.
  • prodrug compounds can also be converted into corresponding original drug compounds in plasma and HEPES.
  • Embodiment 6 Solubility test of prototype and its prodrug in water
  • the water solubility of the prodrug salts 24-32 is at least 100 times higher than that of agrabin, dehydrocoylidene and the corresponding original drugs.
  • Refrigerated centrifuge eppendorf company; Vortex oscillator, scientific industries company; CNC ultrasonic cleaner, Kunshan Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd.; electronic balance, sartorius company; magnetic stirrer, IKA company; electronic balance, Changzhou Lucky Electronic Equipment Co., Ltd. Company; H-Class/Xevo TQ-S micro liquid mass spectrometer, waters company.
  • SPF grade male SD rats weighing 200 ⁇ 20g, were provided by Qinglongshan Animal Farm, Jiangning District, Nanjing. After purchase, they were kept at an ambient temperature of 23-26°C and a humidity of 40-60% for 7 days, with free access to food and water during the period.
  • Chromatographic conditions using Waters Acquity BEH C 18 column (2.1 ⁇ 50mm, 1.7 ⁇ m); use 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phase A, acetonitrile as mobile phase B for gradient elution (0-1.0min, 5%-30%B; 1.0-2.0min, 30%-80%B; 2.0-3.0min, 80%-80%B; 3.0-4.0min, 80%-5%B; 4.0-5.0min, 5%-5%B), total running time: 5min; Flow rate: 0.3mL/min, column temperature is 30°C, injection volume is 2 ⁇ L.
  • Mass spectrometry conditions using electrospray ionization source (ESI), positive ion monitoring mode, scanning mode is multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, the ion used for detection is: m/z 263.1 ⁇ 227.2 (compound 1), m/z 308. 2 ⁇ 116.0 (compound 24), m/z 270.9 ⁇ 91.0 (IS). MS working parameters are set as follows: capillary voltage is 1000V, desolvation temperature is 600°C, and desolvation flow rate is 1000L/Hr. The cone voltages of compound 1, compound 25 and IS were 26V, 48V and 14V, and the collision energies were 44V, 18V and 30V, respectively. Data acquisition and analysis were performed using Masslynx 4.2.
  • the plasma sample was pretreated by the 1:3 protein precipitation method, and methanol was selected as the protein precipitation agent.
  • Aspirate 50 ⁇ L rat plasma sample add 150 ⁇ L internal standard methanol solution (0.67 ng/mL), centrifuge at 14000 rpm/min, 4 °C for 10 min, take supernatant, inject 2 ⁇ L sample, and perform LC-MS/MS analysis.
  • the rats were subjected to orbital blood collection at 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours after administration; Orbital blood was collected from rats at 0.033, 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours after administration.
  • Whole blood collected through the orbital venous plexus was placed in a 1.5mL EP tube treated with heparin sodium solution, and centrifuged at 8000rpm/min and 4°C for 10min to obtain plasma, which was stored at -20°C for future use.
  • Pharmacokinetic parameters include elimination half-life (t 1/2 ), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT), apparent volume of distribution (V z/F ) and plasma clearance (CL z/ F ), calculated by the non-compartmental model of DAS (Drugs and Statistics, version 3.0) software.
  • the maximum concentration (C max ) and the time to reach the maximum concentration (T max ) were determined from the concentration-time curve. All data are presented as mean ⁇ standard deviation (SD).
  • the AUC value of compound 1 in the blood after 25 gavage of compound 1 and compound 25 with the same molar amount was nearly twice the AUC value of compound 1 in blood after gavage 1, and after 25 gavage
  • the Cmax value of compound 1 in blood is 10 times that of compound 1 in blood after gavage of 1, showing that the prodrug significantly improves the oral absorption of compound 1.
  • Example 8 Activity Test of Compounds Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
  • NLRP3 is an important pattern recognition receptor, which can form the NLRP3 inflammasome through the adapter protein ASC and pro-caspase-1. After the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, it can mediate the activation of caspase-1, thereby promoting the maturation and activation of IL-1 ⁇ . secretion.
  • the prepared guaiac-like sesquiterpene lactone compounds 1-9 can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, we induced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome with LPS and ATP, and observed the effect of compounds 1-9 on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome Resulting effects on IL-1 ⁇ levels.
  • Lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharide, LPS
  • adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate, ATP
  • Recombinant mouse macrophage colony stimulating factor Recombinant mouse macrophage colony stimulating factor, rmM-CSF
  • PeproTech Company RPMI 1640 medium, DMEM medium and fetal bovine serum (Fetal bovine serum, FBS).
  • BMDMs mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages
  • DMEM medium containing 1% FBS and 100ng/mL LPS Prepare DMEM medium containing 1% FBS and 100ng/mL LPS, take the BMDMs in the above 6-well culture plate, add the prepared medium for pre-stimulation, and the stimulation time is 3h. Subsequently, after adding Agrabine (1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 120 nM) to incubate for 1 h, add ATP (5 mM) to stimulate for 1 h. The supernatant was collected into a 1.5mL EP tube, which was then used for the detection of IL-1 ⁇ levels.
  • Agrabine 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 120 nM
  • + stands for 80nM ⁇ IC 50 ⁇ 100nM
  • ++ stands for 40nM ⁇ IC 50 ⁇ 80nM
  • +++ stands for IC 50 ⁇ 40nM
  • NLRP3 inflammasome activation model induced by LPS and ATP was used in BMDMs to investigate the effects of compounds 1-9, 24-32 on the expression level of IL-1 ⁇ . As shown in Table 4, derivatives 1-9 all have better inhibitory activity on IL-1 ⁇ , which is close to that of the positive compound agrabin; the prodrug activity is slightly decreased.
  • Example 9 Anti-ulcerative colitis activity test of compound 1 and its dimethyl fumarate prodrug 25
  • mice C57BL/6 mice, female, 6-8 weeks old, body weight 18-20g, provided by Qinglongshan Animal Farm, Jiangning District, Nanjing, production license number: SCXK (Su) 2017-0001.
  • Animals were given free access to food and water, fed with standard pelleted feed, at a room temperature of 22 ⁇ 2°C and a humidity of 45 ⁇ 10%. It was used in the experiment after 3 days of adaptation to the environment.
  • mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, one of which was arbitrarily selected as the normal group, and the remaining 6 groups were respectively the model group, Agrabine (20nmol/kg), Compound 1 (20, 40nmol/kg), Compound 25 (20, 40nmol/kg) group, 6 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, the rest of the mice drank 2.5% DSS freely for 7 days, and then changed to single distilled water for 3 days to establish the UC model. From the first day of modeling, agrabin (20nmol/kg/d), compound 1 (20, 40nmol/kg/d) and compound 25 (20, 40nmol/kg/d) were administered orally for 10 consecutive days . The mice in the normal group and the model group were intragastrically given the same amount of vehicle 0.5% CMC-Na.
  • DAI disease activity index
  • Occult blood test method use the o-toluidine method, pick a little feces with a cotton swab and put it in a 24-well culture plate, first add 200 ⁇ L of o-toluidine glacial acetic acid solution dropwise, and then quickly add 200 ⁇ L of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, and blue will appear within 2 minutes Brown is positive.
  • mice were killed by dislocation of the cervical spine, the abdominal cavity was opened, and the colon tissue was taken out at a distance of 1 cm from the anus, rinsed twice with pre-cooled PBS, and frozen at -70°C for later use.
  • Colon length shortening is one of the main features of DSS-induced UC model mice. After the abdominal cavity of UC mice was dissected, the colon and distal ileum tissues were freed. Observe the external morphological changes of the colon tissue, measure and record its length, and take pictures.
  • mice in the Normal group were active, defecated normally, and gained weight slowly; the mice given DSS showed symptoms such as loose stools and semi-formed non-sticky anal stools with the days of the experiment, the amount of activity decreased, and the weight decreased significantly.
  • the disease activity index was evaluated by observing the weight loss, stool properties and blood in the stool of the mice every day. As shown in Table 6, compared with the DSS group, compound 25 (40nmol/kg) significantly reduced the upregulation of the DAI score of colitis induced by DSS, and the activity of prodrug 25 was significantly stronger than that of the original drug 1 at the same dose.
  • MPO myeloperoxidase
  • MPO can kill pathogenic microorganisms and regulate inflammatory response by producing hypochlorous acid.
  • MPO accounts for about 5% of dry cell weight, and this feature can be used to determine the number of neutrophils in tissues.
  • Table 8 compared with the mice in the Normal group, the MPO activity in the colon tissue of the mice in the DSS group was significantly increased. Oral administration of 25 (40nmol/kg) significantly reduced the activity of MPO in the mouse colon tissue, and the activity of the prodrug 25 was significantly stronger than that of the original drug 1 at the same dose.
  • the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 2% pentobarbital sodium at a dose of 0.25 mL/100 g, and the ankle joint circumference of the original left hind limb of the rats was measured.
  • 2% pentobarbital sodium was used for intraperitoneal injection anesthesia according to the dosage of 0.25mL/100g.
  • 8 rats were randomly selected as the blank group, and normal saline was injected into the joint cavity of their left hind limbs, and 200 ⁇ L of sodium urate was injected into the joint cavity of the left hind limbs of other rats to establish a model.
  • the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and the circumference of the joint was measured with a 2 mm wide paper strip.
  • the rats were divided into 7 groups according to the swelling rate of the joint.
  • Blank group equal volume CMC-Na
  • model and positive control group equal volume CMC-Na
  • colchicine group 0.5mg/kg
  • prednisolone group 3.125mg/kg
  • compound 25 low Middle and high dose groups (1.5, 5.0, 15 mg/kg)
  • 8 rats in the blank group and 10 rats in each other group.
  • Joint swelling is one of the main characteristics of MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis model rats. Before modeling and 6h, 12h, and 24h after modeling, the ankle joint circumference of the left hindlimb was measured, and the joint swelling rate was calculated. Use a 2mm wide paper strip and a ruler to measure the circumference at 0.5mm below the left hind ankle joint of the rats in each group, repeat the measurement twice, and take the average value, which is used to calculate the joint swelling rate.
  • Joint swelling rate (joint circumference at measurement time point - initial joint circumference)/initial joint circumference
  • the swelling rate of the ankle joint of rats in the modeling 6h, 12h and 24h model groups was significantly higher than that of the control group; the first administration 1.5h (modeling 12h) the ankle swelling rate of rats in each administration group all decreased , but not significant, the second administration 1.5h (modeling 24h) the ankle swelling rate of rats in each administration group decreased significantly, suggesting that compound 25 can significantly reduce MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis rat ankle Joint swelling rate.

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Abstract

公开了一类愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物及其制药用途，愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐如通式I所示。以小白菊内酯、去氢木香烃内酯等量丰天然成分为原料，通过结构优化，发现了一类对NLPR3炎症小体活化具有强抑制活性，并且化学稳定性、水溶性和口服生物利用度得到了显著提高的新愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物，并通过实验验证其具有NLRP3炎症小体活性抑制作用，具有潜在的制药应用。

Description

愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物及其制药用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种化合物衍生物及其用途，具体涉及一类愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物及其制药用途。
背景技术
炎症小体是固有免疫细胞如巨噬细胞、单核细胞和树突状细胞内能够识别PAMPs(病原体相关模式分子)或和DAMPs(损伤性相关模式分子)的蛋白复合体【Front Immunol,2019,10:2538.】。不同类型的炎症小体如NLRP1、NLRP3、NLRC4、Pyrin、NLRP6和AIM2等均可以介导炎症反应，促进细胞炎性因子的释放，把信号传递给免疫系统，是炎症的启动者，是天然免疫与获得性免疫的桥梁【Cell,2016,165:792-800.】。与其它类型的炎症小体识别特异的DAMPs或PAMPs不同，NLRP3炎症小体能够广泛识别不同来源的DAMPs和PAMPs，因此，NLRP3炎症小体的研究得到了不同领域的关注，也是目前研究最为深入的炎症小体，并被证实参与多种慢性炎症性疾病的发生发展【Nat Rev Drug Discov,2018,17:588-606.】。
NLRP3炎症小体由受体蛋白NLRP3、调节蛋白ASC和效应蛋白pro-Caspase-1三部分构成【Immunol Rev,2015,265:35-52.】。NLRP3炎症小体活化分为两步，第一步：TLR4受体识别PAMPs、DAMPs或外源性应激分子等第一信号，通过激活NF-κB通路，上调NLRP3、pro-IL-1β和pro-IL-18的蛋白表达；第二步：受体蛋白NLRP3识别PAMPs、DAMPs或及细胞内应激分子等第二信号，通过结合衔接蛋白ASC，激活pro-Caspase-1，然后裂解活化pro-IL-1β和pro-IL-18，促进IL-1β和IL-18的成熟和分泌【Int J Mol Sci,2019,20:3328.】。IL-1β会进一步通过自分泌和旁分泌途径激活NF-κB信号通路，促进IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8等细胞因子的分泌，引发炎症级联瀑布反应，导致慢性的发生发展【Front Immunol,2019,10:276.】。
NLRP3炎性小体的过度活化与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关，包括免疫性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、恶性肿瘤、皮肤疾病、心血管疾病、肝脏相关疾病、肾脏系统相关疾病、胃肠道相关疾病、中枢神经系统疾病、代谢性疾病、内分泌相关疾病、呼吸道疾病、淋巴系统疾病、炎症、感染性疾病、眼病、心理障碍、疼痛等【Nat Med,2015,21:248-255；J Clin Invest,2020,130:1961-1976；Cell Metab,2020,31:580-591；Circ Res,2018,122:1722-1740；J Hepatol,2017,66:1037-1046；Ageing Res Rev,2020,64:101192；Autophagy,2019,15:1860-1881；Brain,2020,143:1414-1430；Mucosal Immunol,2019,12:1150-1163；J Clin Invest,2018, 128:1793-1806；Immunology,2020,160:78-89；J Inflamm(Lond),2015,12:41；Nat Commun,2020,11:4243；Front Immunol,2020,11:570251；BiochemBiophys Res Commun,2016,477:329-335；Pharmaceutics,2020,12:867；Arthritis Rheumatol,2020,72:1192-1202；Food Chem Toxicol,2020,144:111588；EMBO Rep,2020,21:e49666；Int Immunopharmacol,2020,81:106257；Cells,2019,8:1389；Cell Prolif,2021,54:e12973.】。因此，可以通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体的活化来预防和/或治疗上述疾病。
阿格拉宾的结构式如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000001
Abderrazak A课题组研究发现愈创木烷类蓓半萜内酯阿格拉宾(arglabin)具有极强的NLPR3炎症小体活化抑制活性(EC 50＝10nM)，阿格拉宾可减轻NLPR3炎症小体相关的炎症，保护胰岛β细胞，预防2型糖尿病【Circulation,2015,131:1061-1070；J Pharmacol Exp Ther,2016,357:487-494.】。阿格拉宾源自哈萨克斯坦的植物苦艾(蒿)，含量较低，约为0.27％【J Nat Prop,1999,62:1068-1071.】；它在水中的溶解度仅为7.9μg/mL；在胃液环境中的化学稳定性差，8h内降解率达到50％，口服生物利用度仅为5％，这些成药性方面的缺点限制了其临床应用。因此，该类化合物的化学稳定性、水溶性、口服生物利用度、以及资源供应的经济性有待进一步提高。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物，以改善该类化合物的化学稳定性、水溶性、口服生物利用度。本发明的另一个目的是提供该类化合物在制备治疗NLRP3炎症小体相关疾病的药物中的用途。
技术方案：通式I所示的愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐，
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000002
R 1、R 2共同构成双键；或R 1为氢或氘，R 2为
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000003
其中R 3和R 4分别为氢、烷基或环烷基；R 3、R 4和N原子形成3～9元的环状结构，环上可以被一个或多个取代基取代，包括烷基、酯基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、芳基炔基或杂环基；
R 5与R 6可以用单键连接形成环丙烷，当R 5与R 6不形成环丙烷时，R 5为甲基，R 6为羟基、烷氧基、酯基或卤素等，其中当R 6不为羟基、烷氧基、酯基或卤素时，则分别可与邻位的碳原子形成双键；
R 7为氢或羟基；
R 8与R 9可以用单键连接形成环丙烷，R 10为氢；当R 8与R 9不形成环丙烷时，R 8为甲基，R 9与R 10直接连接形成环丙烷。
进一步优选的，所述愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐，选自以下化合物：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000005
优选的，所述愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物药学上可接受的盐是指，其与无机酸或有机酸形成的在药学上可接受的盐，包括盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸、柠檬酸盐等。
进一步的，所述药学上可接受的盐选自：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000006
本申请还公开了上述愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物的制备方法。
本申请还公开了一种包含治疗有效量的选自上述愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐中的一种或多种作为活性成分的药物组合物。所述药物组 合物进一步包含药学上可接受的载体、佐剂或辅料。
本申请还公开了上述愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、药物组合物在制备用于预防或治疗NLPR3炎症小体相关疾病的药物中的用途。
本申请还公开了上述愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐联合其他药学上可接受的治疗剂，特别是其他NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂在制备用于预防或治疗NLPR3炎症小体相关疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明提供一种预防或治疗NLPR3炎症小体相关疾病的方法，所述方法包括给需要该治疗的患者给药治疗有效量的选自根据本发明的愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐中的一种或多种，或根据本发明的包含治疗有效量的选自根据本发明的愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐中的一种或多种作为活性成分的药物组合物。
所述NLPR3炎症小体相关疾病包括：免疫性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、恶性肿瘤、皮肤疾病、心血管疾病、肝脏相关疾病、肾脏系统相关疾病、胃肠道相关疾病、中枢神经系统疾病、代谢性疾病、内分泌相关疾病、呼吸道疾病、淋巴系统疾病、炎症、感染性疾病、眼病、心理障碍、疼痛等。
具体包括：(1)Cryopyrin蛋白相关周期性综合征(CAPS)：穆克-韦尔斯综合症(MWS)、家族性冷性自身炎综合症(FCAS)和慢性婴儿皮肤神经关节综合征(NOMID)；(2)自身炎症性疾病：家族性地中海热(FMF)、TNF受体相关周期性综合征(TRAPS)、甲羟戊酸激酶缺乏症(MKD)、高免疫球蛋白D和周期性发热综合征(HIDS)、白细胞介素1受体(DIRA)缺乏、Majeed综合症、化脓性关节炎、脓疱病坏疽和痤疮(PAPA)、A20单倍体不足(HA20)、小儿肉芽肿性关节炎(PGA)、PLCG2相关的抗体缺乏和免疫失调(PLAID)、PLCG2相关的自发炎症、抗体缺乏和免疫失调(APLAID)与铁粒细胞性贫血伴B细胞免疫缺陷、周期性发烧和发育迟缓(SIFD)；(3)Sweet's综合症：慢性非细菌性骨髓炎(CNO)、慢性复发性多灶性骨髓炎(CRMO)、滑膜炎、痤疮、脓疱病、骨质增生和骨炎综合征(SAPHO)；(4)自身免疫性疾病：多发性硬化症(MS)、1型糖尿病、银屑病、类风湿关节炎、Behcet's病、Sjogren's综合征和Schnitzler综合征；(5)呼吸系统疾病：慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、类固醇抵抗性哮喘、石棉肺、矽肺和囊性纤维化；(6)中枢神经系统疾病：帕金森症、阿尔茨海默症、运动神经元疾病、Huntington's病、脑疟疾和肺炎球菌性脑膜炎引起的脑损伤；(7)代谢性疾病：2型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、肥胖症，痛风、假性痛风；(8)眼部疾病：眼上皮、年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)、角膜感染、葡萄膜炎和干眼症；(9)肾脏相关疾病：慢性肾脏疾病、草酸肾病和 糖尿病肾病；(10)肝脏相关疾病：非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和酒精性肝病；(11)皮肤相关的炎症反应：接触过敏和晒伤；(12)关节相关的炎症反应：骨关节、系统性幼年特发性关节炎、成年性Still's病、复发性多软骨炎；(13)病毒感染：登革热病毒和寨卡病毒、流感、艾滋病毒；(14)化脓性汗腺炎(HS)和其他引起囊肿的皮肤疾病；(15)癌症：肺癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、骨髓增生异常综合症、腹主动脉瘤和白血病；(16)多发性肌炎、结肠炎、心包炎、蠕虫感染、细菌感染、伤口愈合、抑郁症、中风、心肌梗塞、高血压、Dressler's综合征、缺血再灌注损伤等疾病。
所述结肠炎包括溃疡性结肠炎。
所述NLRP3炎症小体相关疾病包括急性痛风性关节炎。
有益效果：相比较于现有技术，本申请以小白菊内酯、去氢木香烃内酯等量丰天然成分为原料，通过针对性的结构修饰，高立体选择性地合成了通式I所示的愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物，获得化合物的环丙烷构型均为α构型。实验结果表明这些化合物对NLPR3炎症小体活化的抑制活性得到保持，并且化学稳定性、水溶性和口服生物利用度得到了显著提高，具有较好开发应用前景。
附图说明
图1是在HEPES7.4溶液中化合物1及化合物25浓度随时间的变化；
图2是在小鼠血浆中化合物1及化合物25浓度随时间的变化。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本申请作出详细说明。
实施例1：小白菊内酯、去氢木香烃内酯的制备
小白菊内酯的制备。取山玉兰干燥根皮5kg粉碎成粗粉，以10倍量95％乙醇浸泡12h，加热回流提取两次，每次2h，过滤，合并滤液，减压浓缩，干燥即得山玉兰粗提物。再经硅胶柱层析精制，以石油醚-乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱，分段收集富含小白菊内酯、木香烃内酯流份，合并、浓缩，经重结晶获得小白菊内酯，制备得率为4.0％，纯度为96.3％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.31(d,J＝2.9Hz,1H),5.62(d,J＝3.4Hz,1H),5.20(d,J＝11.8Hz,2H),3.85(t,J＝8.6Hz,1H),2.78(d,J＝8.9Hz,1H),2.45-2.32(m,2H),2.22-2.10(m,4H),1.70(s,3H),1.69-1.66(m,1H),1.29(s,3H),1.27-1.18(m,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝249.1(calcd:249.1)。
去氢木香烃内酯的制备。取云木香药材5kg粉碎成粗粉，以8倍量石油醚浸泡12h，加热回流提取两次，每次2h，过滤，合并滤液，减压浓缩，干燥即得云木香粗提物。再经硅胶柱层析精制，以石油醚-乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱，分段收集富含去氢木香烃内酯的流份，合并、浓缩，经重结晶获得去氢木香烃内酯，制备得率为1.0％，纯度为96.8％。 1H NMR(500MHz):δ6.22(d,J＝3.3Hz,1H),5.49(d,J＝3.2Hz,1H),5.27(d,J＝2.0Hz,1H),5.07(d,J＝2.0Hz,1H),4.90(s,1H),4.82(s,1H),3.97-3.94(m,1H),2.95-2.88(m,2H),2.87(dd,J＝9.3,3.0Hz,1H),2.24-2.22(m,1H),2.16-2.13(m,1H),1.99-1.96(m,2H),1.88-1.86(m,2H),1.42-1.40(m,2H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝231.1(calcd:231.1)。
实施例2：化合物1～9的合成
虽然阿格拉宾具有对NLPR3炎症小体活化具有强的抑制作用，但其结构中的环氧环，在酸性条件下可被水解开环，测试发现其在8h以内降解率达到50％。因此，我们将阿格拉宾中的环氧环用环丙烷进行替换，希望在保持活性的基础上提高其化学稳定性。
化合物1的合成：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000007
150mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入二氯甲烷(50mL)、对甲苯磺酸(125mg，0.73mmol)和小白菊内酯(parthenolide)(5g，20.16mmol)，室温下搅拌至TLC检测反应结束。反应液依次用水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到中间体含笑内酯MCL，收率：90％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.21(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.51(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),3.81(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.73(d,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.68-2.64(m,2H),2.42-2.37(m,1H),2.26-2.16(m,3H),2.11-2.08(m,1H),1.83-1.75(m,2H),1.69(s,3H),1.31(s,3H),1.27-1.25(m,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝271.1(calcd:271.1)。
在冰浴、氮气保护条件下，向无水二氯甲烷(67mL)中加入乙二醇二甲醚(1.67mL，21.26mmol),搅拌均匀后加入13.3mL二乙基锌溶液(1M正己烷溶液)，缓慢滴加二碘甲烷(2.67mL，3.11mmol)，搅拌10min，制成环丙烷化试剂。另取一圆底烧瓶，加入含笑内酯MCL(300mg，1.21mmol)、无水二氯甲烷(5mL)，搅拌溶解后氮气保护，置于冰浴。将上述环丙烷化试剂逐滴加入底物溶液中，滴加完成后继续反应1h，移至室温反应过夜。反应液用饱和氯化铵淬灭，过滤后依次用水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物1，收率：75％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.14(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.45(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),3.82(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.52-2.48(m,1H),2.26-2.21(m,1H),2.09-1.99(m,2H),1.93-1.89(m,1H),1.88-1.86(m,1H,H 5),1.85-1.83(m,1H),1.55(s,3H),1.52-1.44(m,2H),1.26-1.14(m,2H),1.11(s,3H),0.81(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.54(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY谱显示H 5和H 16a有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝285.2(calcd:285.2)。
化合物2的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000008
圆底烧瓶中依次加入化合物1(200mg,0.81mmol)、无水吡啶(10mL),氮气保护，冰水浴溶解，逐滴加入三氯氧磷(1242mg，8.10mmol)，滴加完成后 移至室温反应2h。将反应液倾入冰水中，乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取，有机层依次用饱和硫酸铜溶液(10mL×6)、水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物2，收率：65％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.14(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.59-5.57(m,1H),5.44(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),3.90(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.74-2.71(m,1H),2.51-2.46(m,1H),2.32-2.28(m,2H),2.04-2.00(m,1H),1.97(s,3H),1.81-1.77(m,1H,H 5),1.54-1.46(m,1H),1.18-1.14(m,1H),1.13(s,3H),0.61(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.50(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY图谱显示H 5和H 16a有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝267.1(calcd:267.2)。
化合物3的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000009
圆底烧瓶中依次加入间氯过氧苯甲酸(267.5mg，1.55mmol)、无水二氯甲烷(20mL)，将化合物2(248mg，1.00mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(5mL)缓慢加入后搅拌过夜。饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液淬灭后，依次用饱和碳酸氢钠(10mL×3)、水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物3-1，收率：83％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.18(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.48(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),3.79(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H,H 6),2.53-2.48(m,1H),2.28-2.24(m,1H,H 3),2.16-2.10(m,2H),2.04-2.01(m,1H,H 5),1.73(s,3H),1.56-1.45(m,3H),1.12-1.09(m,1H),1.08(s,3H),0.57(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.49(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY图谱显示H 5和H 16a，H 3和H 6有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型，环氧丙烷为α构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝283.1(calcd:283.1)。
圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体3-1(260mg，1.00mmol)，甲醇(10mL)，对甲苯磺酸(172mg，1.00mmol)，搅拌过夜。反应液浓缩后，用乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取，有机层依次用饱和碳酸氢钠(10mL×3)、水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物3，收率：85％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.15(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.44(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),4.25(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H,H 6),3.64-3.62(m,1H,H 3),3.41(s,3H,H 17),2.55-2.48(m,1H,H 7),2.41(s,1H),2.22-2.18(m,1H),2.08(d,J＝11.0Hz,1H),2.06-2.01(m,1H),1.98-1.94(m,1H),1.80-1.75(m,1H,H 5),1.61-1.55(m,1H),1.49(s,3H),1.47-1.42(m,1H),1.10(s,3H),0.57(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.49(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY显示H 3和H 6，H 5和H 16a，H 7和H 17有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型，3-OH、4-OMe为α构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝315.1(calcd:315.1)。
化合物4的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000010
圆底烧瓶中加入四氢呋喃(5mL)、水(1mL)，加入对甲苯磺酸(272mg，1.00mmol)、中间体3-1(260mg，1.00mmol)，搅拌过夜。反应液浓缩后，乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取，有机层依次用饱和碳酸氢钠(10mL×3)、水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物4，收率：47％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.16(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.46(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),4.33(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H,H 6),4.12-4.09(m,1H,H 3),2.54-2.47(m,1H,H 6),2.24-2.19(m,1H),2.10-2.02(m,4H),2.00(d,J＝5.5Hz,1H),1.87-1.83(m,1H,H 5),1.61-1.54(m,2H),1.51(s,3H),1.12(s,3H),0.80(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.50(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY图谱显示H 3和H 6，H 6和H 14，以及H 5和H 16a有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型，3-OH、4-OH为α构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝301.2(calcd:301.2)。
化合物5的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000011
圆底烧瓶中加入化合物1(124mg，0.50mmol)，二氯甲烷(5mL)，氮气保护，置于-78℃搅拌溶解，缓慢滴加DAST试剂(161mg，1.00mmol)，滴加完成后继续搅拌10-15min。反应液加水淬灭，二氯甲烷稀释后依次用水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物5，收率：55％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.14(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.43(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),4.11(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.45-2.40(m,1H),2.35-2.31(m,1H),2.23-2.17(m,1H),2.09-2.03(m,2H),2.02-1.97(m,1H),1.85-1.74(m,1H,H 5),1.65(d,J＝21.5Hz,3H),1.54-1.46(m,1H),1.24-1.20(m,1H),1.17(s,3H),1.15-1.12(m,1H),0.80(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.50(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。 19F NMR(470MHz,CDCl 3):δ-148.17。ROESY图谱显示H 5和H 16a有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝287.2(calcd:287.2)。
化合物6的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000012
圆底烧瓶中加入Burgess Reagent(282mg，1.10mmol)、无水四氢呋喃(10mL)， 氮气保护，冰浴。加入化合物1(262mg，1.00mmol)，搅拌20min后移至室温，继续搅拌3h。反应液浓缩，乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取，有机层依次用水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物6，收率：75％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.14(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.60-5.58(m,1H),5.44(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),3.90(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),2.75-2.71(m,1H),2.52-2.46(m,1H),2.32-2.29(m,2H),2.05-2.00(m,1H),1.98(s,3H),1.81-1.77(m,1H),1.55-1.47(m,1H)1.18-1.14(m,1H),1.13(s,3H),0.63(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.51(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝267.3(calcd:267.3)。
化合物7的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000013
圆底烧瓶中加入化合物1(262mg，1.00mmol)，氮气保护，依次加入3mL无水二氯甲烷、三乙胺(2.7g，27.0mmol)，冰浴，将丙酰氯逐滴加入，升至室温反应过夜。将反应液倾倒入冰水中，乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取，有机层依次用水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物7，收率：51％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.16(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.47(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),3.82(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.52-2.48(m,1H),2.27-2.23(m,2H),2.21-2.02(m,2H),1.95-1.92(m,1H),1.90-1.88(m,1H),1.87-1.85(m,1H,H 5),1.57(s,3H),1.53-1.49(m,2H),1.24(t,J＝10.0Hz,3H),1.23-1.14(m,2H),1.11(s,3H),0.59(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.38(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY显示H 5和H 16a有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝341.2(calcd:341.2)。
化合物8的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000014
在冰浴、氮气保护条件下，向无水二氯甲烷(67mL)中加入乙二醇二甲醚(1.67mL，21.26mmol),搅拌均匀后加入13.3mL二乙基锌溶液(1M正己烷溶液)，缓慢滴加二碘甲烷(2.67mL，3.11mmol)，搅拌10min，制成环丙烷化试剂。另取一圆底烧瓶，加入去氢木香烃内酯(dehydrocostus lactone,300mg，1.21mmol)、无水二氯甲烷(5mL)，搅拌溶解后氮气保护，置于冰浴。将上述环丙烷化试剂逐滴加入底物溶液中，滴加完成后继续反应1h，移至室温反应过夜。反应液用饱和氯化铵淬灭，过滤后依次用水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物8，收率：65％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.24(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.45(d,J＝3.0 Hz,1H),4.24(dd,J＝10.8,8,8Hz,1H),2.79-2.74(m,1H),2.22-2.20(m,1H),2.10-2.06(m,1H),1.95(dd,J＝10.4,8,8Hz,1H),1.73-1.67(m,2H),1.63-1.57(m,2H),1.50-1.45(m,1H),1.38-1.35(m,2H),0.98(s,1H),0.64(s,1H),0.50-0.48(m,1H),0.42-0.40(m,1H),0.37-0.27(m,4H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝259.4(calcd:259.4)。
化合物9的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000015
在冰浴、氮气保护条件下，在2.5mL二氯甲烷中，加入5mL二乙基锌溶液(1M正己烷溶液)，将三氟乙酸(570mg,5.00mmol)溶于0.8mL二氯甲烷，逐滴加入上述溶液中，搅拌20min，将二碘甲烷(1.34g，5.00mmol)溶于0.8mL二氯甲烷，逐滴加入上述溶液中，搅拌20min，将MCL(248mg，1.00mmol)溶于0.8mL二氯甲烷，加入上述溶液中，搅拌反应5h。向反应液中加入饱和氯化铵淬灭，乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取，有机层依次用水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离，得到化合物9，收率：12％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ6.14(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),5.44(d,J＝3.0Hz,1H),3.83(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),3.23(s,3H),2.50-2.46(m,1H),2.28-2.23(m,1H),2.02-1.97(m,4H),1.78-1.71(m,1H,H 5),1.53(s,3H),1.51-1.39(m,2H),1.13-1.07(m,1H),1.09(s,3H),0.70(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.46(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY谱显示H 5和H 16a有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝299.2(calcd:299.2)。
实施例3：化合物1～9的稳定性测试
精密称取2.00mg化合物1～9，将样品溶于500μL色谱甲醇，加入1500μL人工胃液，混合均匀后超声使完全溶解。精密吸取50μL上述溶液，加入200μL色谱甲醇进行稀释，过滤并通过HPLC分析，HPLC分析条件为流动相：65％甲醇-35％水，流速：0.8mL/min，柱温：25℃，记录初始峰面积。将上述溶液置于37℃恒温水浴，分别于8h、16h、24h时取样，并进行HPLC分析。分别计算峰面积，即可获得对应样品在人工胃液环境下8h、16h、24h时的稳定性数据。
如表1所示，与阿格拉宾、去木香烃内酯相比化合物1～9的稳定性得到显著提高。
表1.化合物在人工胃液环境中的稳定性
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000017
实施例4：前药制备(前药包括盐)
化合物10的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000018
圆底烧瓶中加入化合物1(262mg，1.00mmol)、二氯甲烷(30mL)、盐酸二甲胺(815mg，10.00mmol)，碳酸钾(2764mg，20mmol)，搅拌4h。反应液过滤，依次用水(10mL×3)、饱和食盐水(10mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩，经硅胶柱层析(石油醚：乙酸乙酯：三乙胺＝1：1：0.02)分离，得到化合物10，收率：85％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.92(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),3.55-3.47(m,1H),3.33-3.29(m,1H),2.38-2.34(m,1H),2.28(s,6H),2.21-2.16(m,2H),1.98(d,J＝15.0Hz,2H),1.88(t,J＝5.0Hz,2H),1.72(d,J＝10.0Hz,1H),1.60-1.52(m,2H),1.50(s,3H),1.20(t,J＝5.0Hz,1H),1.12(s,3H),1.08-1.04(m,1H),0.76(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.53(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝330.2(calcd:330.2)。
化合物11的制备：
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000019
以化合物2和盐酸二甲胺为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物11的收率：80％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ5.52-5.46(m,1H),3.98(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),3.41-3.32(m,1H),3.20-3.16(m,1H),2.98-2.92(m,1H),2.28(s,6H),2.22-2.19(m,1H),2.10(d,J＝10.0Hz,1H),2.06-2.02(m,1H),1.98-1.94(m,1H),1.91(s,3H),1.84-1.80(m,2H),1.62-1.56(m,1H),1.19(s,3H),1.14-1.08(m,1H),0.69(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.51(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝312.2(calcd:312.2)。
化合物12的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000020
以化合物3和盐酸二甲胺为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物12的收率：95％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.96(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),3.28-3.23(m,1H),3.15-3.10(m,1H),2.94(s,3H),2.70-2.65(m,1H),2.28(s,6H),2.03-1.99(m,1H),1.91-1.88(m,1H),1.86-1.76(m,4H),1.62-1.56(m,1H),1.48(s,3H),1.28-1.24(m,1H),1.12(s,3H),1.09-1.05(m,1H),0.70(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.54(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝360.4(calcd:360.5)。
化合物13的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000021
以化合物4和盐酸二甲胺为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物13的收率：90％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.94(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),3.38-3.36(m,1H),3.23-3.18(m,1H),3.19-3.15(m,2H),2.78-2.70(m,1H),2.28(s,6H),2.13-2.09(m,1H),1.97-1.92(m,1H),1.90-1.86(m,1H),1.82-1.79(m,1H),1.77-1.75(m,1H),1.62-1.59(m,1H),1.51(s,3H),1.18(s,3H),1.11-1.07(m,1H),0.70(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.48(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝368.4(calcd:368.4)。
化合物14的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000022
以化合物5和盐酸二甲胺为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物14的收率：83％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.96(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),3.35-3.30(m,2H),2.80-2.76(m,1H),2.30(s,6H),2.29-2.19(m,2H),2.08(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),1.96-1.90(m,1H),1.84-1.82(m,2H),1.81-1.77(m,2H),1.58(d,J＝21.5Hz,3H)1.46-1.39(m,1H),1.18(s,3H),1.16-1.12(m,1H),0.62(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.58(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝332.4(calcd:332.4)。
化合物15的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000023
以化合物6和盐酸二甲胺为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物15的收率：91％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.99(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),3.41-3.36(m,1H),3.20-3.18(m,1H),2.82-2.77(m,1H),2.28(s,6H),2.22-2.19(m,1H),2.16-2.10(m,2H),1.98-1.94(m,1H),1.91(s,3H),1.84-1.80(m,1H),1.78-1.75(m,1H),1.62-1.56(m,2H),1.15(s,3H),1.11-1.07(m,1H),0.64(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.50(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝312.4(calcd:312.4)。
化合物16的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000024
以化合物7和盐酸二甲胺为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物16的收率：80％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.92(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),3.40-3.30(m,2H),2.83-2.79(m,1H),2.30(s,6H),2.19-2.13(m,2H),2.04-1.97(m,2H),1.95-1.90(m,2H),1.86-1.82(m,1H),1.76-1.73(m,1H),1.60(s,3H),1.56-1.52(m,1H),1.33-1.25(m,1H),1.14(s,3H),1.02(t,J＝10.0Hz,3H),1.00-0.95(m,1H),0.88-0.82(m,1H),0.48(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.40(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝386.5(calcd:386.5)。
化合物17的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000025
以化合物8和盐酸二甲胺为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物17的收率：78％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ4.15(dd,J＝9.6,10.0Hz,1H),2.70(dd,J＝12.8,4.8Hz,1H),2.48(dd,J＝12.8,4.8Hz,1H),2.36-2.28(m,2H),2.22(s,6H),2.02-1.98(m,2H),1.84-1.80(m,1H),1.70-1.67(m,1H),1.45-1.30(m,5H),1.11-1.06(m,1H),1.01-0.98(m,1H),0.70-0.68(m,1H),0.46-0.42(m,1H),0.37-0.28(m,4H),0.15-0.11(m,2H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝327.3(calcd:327.3)。
化合物18的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000026
以化合物1和哌啶为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物18的收率：89％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.79(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.79-2.75(m,1H),2.56-2.53(m,1H),2.46-2.40(m,3H),2.39-2.32(m,3H),2.19-2.08(m,4H),1.94-1.85(m,3H),1.77(d,J＝10.5Hz,1H),1.54(s,6H),1.45-1.39(m,4H),1.12(s,3H),1.09-1.04(m,1H),0.79(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),0.52(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝326.3(calcd:326.3)。
化合物19的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000027
以化合物1和四氢吡咯为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物19的收率：87％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.79(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.89-2.80(m,2H),2.57-2.51(m,4H),2.37-2.32(m,1H),2.15-2.06(m,3H),1.94-1.87(m,3H),1.78-1.76(m,5H),1.55(s,3H),1.51-1.39(m,3H),1.11(s,3H),1.09-1.03(m,1H),0.77(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),0.51(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝356.3(calcd:356.2)。
化合物20的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000028
以化合物1和四氢吡咯为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物20的收率：76％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.81(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),3.74-3.67(m,3H),2.82-2.79(m,1H),2.65-2.61(m,1H),2.53-2.44(m,5H),2.40-2.35(m,1H),2.21-2.17(m,1H),2.13-2.07(m,2H),1.95-1.86(m,3H),1.78(d,J＝10.5Hz,1H),1.55(s,3H),1.52-1.39(m,2H),1.31-1.27(m,1H),1.12(s,3H),1.09-1.04(m,1H),0.80(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),0.54(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝372.2(calcd:372.2)。
化合物21的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000029
以化合物1和哌嗪为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物21的收率：74％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.79(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.82-2.79(m,1H),2.64-2.60(m,1H),2.55-2.42(m,5H),2.38-2.34(m,2H),2.29(s,3H),2.20-2.16(m,1H),2.15-2.05(m,2H),1.93-1.83(m,3H),1.76(d,J＝10.5Hz,1H),1.54(s,3H),1.49-1.38(m,2H),1.29-1.25(m,1H),1.12(s,3H),1.09-1.03(m,1H),0.78(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),0.52(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝371.2(calcd:371.2)。
化合物22的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000030
以化合物1和哌嗪为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物22的收率：74％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.79(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.83-2.74(m,3H),2.59-2.55(m,1H),2.39-2.35(m,2H),2.20-2.07(m,4H),1.96-1.83(m,4H),1.78(d,J＝10.5Hz,1H),1.55(s,3H),1.51-1.23(m,5H),1.21-1.15(m,2H),1.13(s,3H),1.10-1.05(m,1H),0.93(d,J＝6.5Hz,3H),0.79(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),0.52(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝384.3(calcd:384.3)。
化合物23的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000031
以化合物1和N-Boc-哌嗪为起始原料，制备方法同化合物10，化合物23的收率：65％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3):δ3.81(t,J＝10.5Hz,1H),2.83-2.79(m,1H),2.66-2.62(m,2H),2.42-2.35(m,4H),2.21-2.16(m,1H),2.13-2.07(m,2H),1.94-1.84(m,3H),1.78(d,J＝10.5Hz,1H),1.55(s,3H),1.48(s,9H),1.46-1.44(m,1H),1.40-1.39(m,1H),1.32-1.25(m,3H),1.13(s,3H),1.10-1.04(m,2H),0.92-0.85(m,1H),0.80(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),0.54(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+Na] +＝471.3(calcd:471.3)。
化合物10的盐酸盐24的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000032
化合物10(307mg,1mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(2mL)中，室温搅拌2h，然后滴加盐酸溶液，至pH值4～5，过滤，所得固体用二氯甲烷洗涤，所得白色固体即为化合物10的盐酸盐(化合物24)，收率90％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ4.15-4.10(m,1H,H 6),3.42-3.37(m,1H),3.31-3.26(m,1H),3.04-2.98(m,1H,H 11),2.91(s,6H),2.21-2.12(m,2H),2.02(d,J＝15.0Hz,2H),1.88(t,J＝5.0Hz,2H),1.78(d,J＝10.0Hz,1H,H 5),1.64-1.54(m,2H),1.52(s,3H),1.26(t,J＝5.0Hz,1H),1.14(s,3H),1.10-1.05(m,1H),0.76(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.53(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY图谱显示H 5和H 16a的氢,以及H 6和H 11的氢有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型，11-H为β构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝344.9(calcd:344.9)。
化合物10的富马酸盐25的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000033
以富马酸替代盐酸，参照化合物10盐酸盐的制备方法制备富马酸盐化合物25。收率80％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ6.72(s,2H),4.13(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H,H 6),3.41-3.39(m,1H),3.30-3.27(m,1H),3.03-2.98(m,1H,H 11),2.91(s,6H),2.21-2.12(m,2H),1.94-1.91(m,1H),1.88(t,J＝5.0Hz,2H),1.84-1.80(m,1H),1.78(d,J＝15.0Hz,1H,H 5),1.64-1.54(m,2H),1.52(s,3H),1.14(s,3H),1.10-1.04(m,1H),0.75(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.52(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ROESY图谱显示H 5和H 16a,以及H 6和H 11有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型，11-H为β构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝424.5(calcd:424.5)。
化合物11的盐酸盐26的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000034
以化合物11为起始原料，参照化合物10盐酸盐的制备方法可制备得到化合物26，收率95％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ5.62-5.58(m,1H),4.19(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H,H 6),3.51-3.46(m,1H),3.40-3.36(m,1H),3.12-3.07(m,1H,H 11),2.98(s,6H),2.82-2.79(m,1H),2.30(d,J＝10.0Hz,1H),2.26-2.12(m,1H),1.98-1.94(m,1H),1.91(s,3H),1.84-1.82(m,2H),1.80-1.78(m,1H,H 5),1.66-1.59(m,1H),1.17(s,3H),1.16-1.10(m,1H),0.61(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.48(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H, H 16b)。ROESY图谱显示H 5和H 16a，以及H 6和H 11有信号相关，确定环丙烷为α构型，11-H为β构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝326.9(calcd:326.9)。
化合物12的盐酸盐27的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000035
以化合物12为起始原料，参照化合物10盐酸盐的制备方法可制备得到化合物27，收率95％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ4.39(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H,H 6),3.48-3.43(m,1H,H 7),3.40-3.36(m,1H),3.34(s,3H,H 17),3.10-3.05(m,1H,H 11),2.98(s,6H),2.23-2.19(m,1H,H 3),2.11-2.08(m,1H),1.87-1.80(m,3H),1.79-1.77(m,1H,H 5),1.65-1.56(m,1H),1.51(s,3H),1.27-1.25(m,1H),1.15(s,3H),1.13-1.08(m,1H),0.74(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.51(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝374.9(calcd:374.9).
化合物13的盐酸盐28的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000036
以化合物13为起始原料，参照化合物10盐酸盐的制备方法可制备得到化合物28，收率85％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ4.47(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H,H 6),3.88-3.86(m,1H),3.63-3.58(m,1H),3.49-3.45(m,2H),3.10-3.06(m,1H,H 11),3.00(s,6H),2.23-2.19(m,1H),1.97-1.92(m,1H),1.90-1.81(m,3H),1.66-1.59(m,1H,H 5),1.52(s,3H),1.14(s,3H),1.12-1.10(m,1H),0.73(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.50(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝360.9(calcd:360.9)。
化合物14的盐酸盐29的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000037
以化合物14为起始原料，参照化合物10盐酸盐的制备方法可制备得到化合物29，收率83％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ4.36(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H,H 6),3.50-3.40(m,2H),3.15-3.11(m,1H,H 11),3.00(s,6H),2.29-2.19(m,2H),2.11(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H),2.06-2.00(m,1H),1.94-1.87(m,2H),1.84-1.82(m,1H),1.81-1.78(m,1H,H 5)1.60(d,J＝21.5Hz,3H)1.60-1.51(m,1H),1.20(s,3H),1.18-1.15(m,1H),0.54(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.50(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。 ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝346.9(calcd:346.9)。
化合物15的盐酸盐30的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000038
以化合物15为起始原料，参照化合物10盐酸盐的制备方法可制备得到化合物30，收率80％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ4.19(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H,H 6),3.51-3.46(m,1H),3.40-3.36(m,1H),3.12-3.07(m,1H,H 11),2.98(s,6H),2.82-2.79(m,1H),2.26-2.12(m,2H),1.98-1.94(m,1H),1.91(s,3H),1.84-1.80(m,2H),1.66-1.59(m,2H),1.17(s,3H),1.16-1.10(m,1H),0.61(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),0.48(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝326.9(calcd:326.9)。
化合物16的盐酸盐31的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000039
以化合物16为起始原料，参照化合物10盐酸盐的制备方法可制备得到化合物31，收率76％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ4.22(t,J＝10.0Hz,1H,H 6),3.50-3.38(m,2H),3.13-3.09(m,1H,H 11),2.99(s,6H),2.69-2.63(m,2H),2.24-2.17(m,2H),1.99-1.93(m,2H),1.86-1.82(m,1H,H 5),1.68-1.59(m,1H),1.54-1.45(m,1H),1.36-1.30(m,1H),1.27(s,3H),1.14(s,3H),1.06(t,J＝10.0Hz,3H),1.04-1.00(m,1H),0.93-0.88(m,1H),0.42(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16a),0.36(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H,H 16b)。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝400.1(calcd:400.0)。
化合物17的盐酸盐32的制备
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000040
以化合物17为起始原料，参照化合物10盐酸盐的制备方法可制备得到化合物32，收率88％。 1H NMR(500MHz,CD 3OD):δ4.44-4.40(m,1H,H 6),3.38-3.33(m,1H),3.26-3.22(m,1H),2.94-2.90(m,1H,H 11),2.88(s,6H),2.26-1.98(m,2H),1.96-1.92(m,1H),1.84-1.80(m,1H),1.78-1.75(m,1H),1.58-1.41(m,5H),1.25-1.20(m,1H),1.13-1.08(m,1H),1.01-0.98(m,1H),0.70-0.68(m,1H),0.46-0.42(m,1H),0.33-0.18(m,4H),0.15-0.11(m,2H)。ROESY图谱显示H 6和H 11有信号相关，确定11-H为β构型。ESI-MS(m/z):[M+H] +＝340.8(calcd:340.9)。
实施例5：化合物25在血浆及HEPES转化为化合物1
实验方法
HEPES 7.4溶液配制：将1.6g的NaCl，0.074g的KCl，0.027g的Na 2HPO 4，0.2g的葡萄糖和1g的4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)溶液在90mL蒸馏水中，用0.5M的NaOH调节至pH值为7.4，再用蒸馏水定容至100mL。
血浆制备：取小鼠血浆于预先装有肝素钠的EP管中，在4℃下8000rpm离心10min，取上清液。
样品分析：取0.6mg的化合物25溶于250μl去离子水中。样品中加入250μL小鼠血清或HEPES7.4的溶液，37℃恒温孵育，分别于不同的时间点取样，取20μL样品于EP管中，加入60μL甲醇，涡旋混匀，在4℃下12000rpm离心10min。分别于1h、2h、4h、8h及12h时，取上清液，HPLC分析样品，进样量10μL，记录相应的峰面积。色谱条件如下：色谱柱为汉邦C18(4.6×250mm，5μm)；流动相为乙腈：10mmol/mL甲酸铵溶液＝60：40；流速1.0mL/min；检测波长210nm；柱温30℃。
实验结果
如图1所示，在1h、2h、4h、8h、12h时，在HEPES缓冲溶液中化合物1的含量逐渐变多，含量分别为5.36％、11.05％、19.64％、39.29％、55.36％。该实验结果表明，在HEPES缓冲溶液中，化合物25的可作为前药转变为原形化合物1。如图2所示，在1h、2h、4h、8h、12h时，在小鼠血浆中化合物1的含量逐渐变多，含量分别为5.77％、11.05％、18.86％、39.42％、55.88％，该实验结果表明，在小鼠血浆中，化合物25的也可作为前药转变为原形化合物1。
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000041
同样的，其他前药化合物在血浆及HEPES也可转化为对应的原药化合物。
实施例6：原型及其前药在水中的溶解度测试
精密称取化合物1～9各20μg，以及化合物24-32各10mg，加入1mL去离子水中，超声使其完全溶解。配制成饱和溶液过滤后用HPLC进样分析，进样量依次为1μL、3μL、5μL、10μL、15μL、20μL，绘制对应化合物的标准曲线。
配制上述化合物的不饱和溶液，超声辅助溶解4h，置于37℃水浴中静置1h，将所得不饱和溶液离心，移取30μL上清液，加入200μL去离子水稀释后，过滤后通过HPLC分析样品，将相关数据代入上述测得的标准曲线后，即可获得测试化合物1-9及24-32的溶解度。
表2.化合物的水溶解度
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000042
如表1所示，与阿格拉宾、去氢木香烃内酯以及相对应原药相比，前药盐24～32的水溶性至少提高了100倍以上。
实施例7：化合物1和25的等摩尔剂量的药代动力学性质比较
实验材料
实验试剂
本发明药物，按上述实施例1制备；甲苯磺丁脲(内标，internal standard，IS)，大连美仑生物技术有限公司；二甲基亚砜，上海泰坦科技股份有限公司；生理盐水，辰欣药业股份有限公司；羧甲基纤维素钠，阿拉丁公司；甲醇、乙腈和甲酸，Merck公司；纯水，杭州娃哈哈集团有限公司。
实验仪器
冷冻离心机，eppendorf公司；涡旋振荡器，scientific industries公司；数控超声波清洗器，昆山市超声仪器有限公司；电子天平，sartorius公司；磁力搅拌器，IKA公司；电子天平，常州市幸运电子设备有限公司；H-Class/Xevo TQ-S micro液质联用仪，waters公司。
实验动物
SPF级雄性SD大鼠，体重200±20g，由南京市江宁区青龙山动物养殖场提供。购入后饲养于环境温度23～26℃，湿度40～60％条件下7天，期间自由进食饮水，动物生产许可证号：SCXK(浙)2019-0002。
实验方法
UPLC-MS/MS测定方法的建立
色谱条件：采用Waters Acquity
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000043
BEH C 18柱(2.1×50mm，1.7μm)；以0.1％甲酸水溶液为流动相A，乙腈为流动相B进行梯度洗脱(0-1.0min，5％-30％B；1.0-2.0min，30％-80％B；2.0-3.0min，80％-80％B；3.0-4.0min，80％-5％B；4.0-5.0min，5％-5％B)，总运行时间：5min；流速：0.3mL/min，柱温为30℃，进样量为2μL。
质谱条件：采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)，正离子监测模式，扫描方式为多反应检测(MRM)模式，用于检测的离子为：m/z 263.1→227.2(化合物1)，m/z308.2→116.0(化合物24)，m/z 270.9→91.0(IS)。MS工作参数设置为：毛细管电压为1000V，去溶剂温度600℃，去溶剂流速为1000L/Hr。化合物1、化 合物25和IS的锥孔电压分别为26V、48V和14V，碰撞能量分别为44V、18V和30V。使用Masslynx 4.2进行数据采集和分析。
血浆样品处理
经方放学考察后，以1:3蛋白沉淀法进行血浆样品前处理，选择甲醇作为蛋白沉淀剂。吸取50μL大鼠血浆样品，加入150μL内标甲醇溶液(0.67ng/mL)，于14000rpm/min、4℃条件下离心10min，取上清液，以2μL进样，进行LC-MS/MS分析。
药代动力学研究
SD大鼠(雄性)共24只，随机分为灌胃给药组和尾静脉注射组(化合物1和化合物25)，每组6只。大鼠分别灌胃等摩尔化合物1(0.345mmol/kg)和化合物25(0.345mmol/kg)，以0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠(含10％DMSO)为溶剂；静脉注射等摩尔化合物1(0.024mmol/kg)和化合物25(0.024mmol/kg)，以生理盐水(含5％DMSO)为溶剂。经灌胃后的大鼠于给药后0.167、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、4、5、6、7、8、10、12和24小时进行眼眶采血；经尾静脉注射后的大鼠于给药后0.033、0.083、0.167、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、4、6、8、10、12和24小时进行眼眶采血。经眼眶静脉丛采取得全血置于用肝素钠溶液处理过的1.5mL EP管里，以于8000rpm/min、4℃条件下离心10min，得到血浆，-20℃贮存，备用。
数据分析
药代动力学参数包括消除半衰期(t 1/2)、浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)、平均停留时间(MRT)、表观分布体积(V z/F)和血浆清除率(CL z/F)，通过DAS(药物与统计，3.0版)软件的非房室模型计算。根据浓度-时间曲线测定最大浓度(C max)和达到最大浓度的时间(T max)。所有数据均以均平均值±标准差(SD)表示。
实验结果
如表3所示，灌胃同等摩尔数的化合物1和化合物25，灌胃25后血液中化合物1的AUC值是灌胃1后血液中化合物1的AUC值的接近2倍，灌胃25后血液中化合物1的C max值是灌胃1后血液中化合物1的C max值的10倍，显示前药显著提高了化合物1的口服吸收。
表3.灌胃给药化合物1(0.345mmol/kg)和25(0.345mmol/kg)后大鼠血液中化合物1的主要药动学参数
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000044
实施例8：化合物抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化的活性测试
NLRP3是一种重要的模式识别受体，能够通过接头蛋白ASC与pro-caspase-1形成NLRP3炎症小体，NLRP3炎症小体活化之后可以介导caspase-1活化，进 而促进IL-1β的成熟和分泌。为了确定制备的愈创木烷类倍半萜内酯化合物1-9能否抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化，我们用LPS和ATP诱导NLRP3炎症小体活化，观察化合物1-9对NLRP3炎症小体活化导致的IL-1β水平的影响。
实验材料
实验试剂
本发明药物，按上述实施例1制备；脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)和三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)，Sigma公司；重组小鼠巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(recombinant mouse macrophage colony stimulating factor,rmM-CSF)，PeproTech公司；RPMI 1640培养基、DMEM培养基和胎牛血清(Fetal bovine serum,FBS)。
实验动物
C57BL/6小鼠，雌性，6-8周龄，体重18-20g，由南京市江宁区青龙山动物养殖场提供，生产许可证号：SCXK(苏)2017-0001。
实验方法
小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞(BMDMs)的分离与培养
取C57BL/6小鼠，采用颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠后将其用75％酒精浸泡5-10min后，用剪刀将小鼠两条后腿取下，然后除肉剩腿骨，用PBS将小鼠腿骨洗三次，将1mL注射器内吸满无血清RPMI 1640培养基，用镊子夹取骨头，用剪刀从两端剪开，然后用注射器将骨髓吹至15mL离心管中，反复多次，直至骨髓全部冲出，骨头由红变白。随后，1500rpm，离心5min，弃上清，用1mL红细胞裂解液重悬，并反复吹打，然后静置7min以裂解红细胞。1500rpm，离心5min后弃上清，用含有100ng/mLrmM-CSF的RPMI 1640培养基进行重悬，然后转移至6孔培养板中进行培养。6-7天后，可观察细胞状态，呈长梭形，说明状态良好，可用于后续实验。
NLRP3炎症小体活化模型建立
配制含1％FBS以及100ng/mL LPS的DMEM培养基，取上述6孔培养板中的BMDMs，加入配制好的培养基进行预刺激，刺激时间为3h。随后，加入阿格拉宾(1,3,10,30,60,120nM)孵育1h后，加入ATP(5mM)刺激1h。收集上清至1.5mL EP管中，后续用于IL-1β水平检测。
表4.衍生物1～9及其前药对NLRP3炎症小体活化的抑制作用
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000045
注：+代表80nM<IC 50<100nM，++代表40nM<IC 50<80nM，+++代表IC 50<40nM
在BMDMs中采用LPS和ATP诱导NLRP3炎症小体活化模型，考察化合物1～9、24～32对IL-1β表达水平的影响。如表4所示，衍生物1～9均具有较优抑制IL-1β活性，接近于阳性化合物阿格拉宾；前药活性稍有下降。
实施例9：化合物1以及其二甲基富马酸盐前药25的抗溃疡性结肠炎活性测试
实验试剂
本发明药物，按上述实施例1制备；葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)，MP Biomedicals公司；美沙拉嗪缓释颗粒剂(5-aminosalicylic acid,5-ASA)，法国爱的发制药公司；羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)，广东汕头市西陇化工厂；髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)试剂盒，南京建成生物工程研究所；邻甲苯胺，上海晶纯生化科技股份有限公司；双氧水(H 2O 2)和冰醋酸，南京化学试剂股份有限公司。
实验动物
C57BL/6小鼠，雌性，6-8周龄，体重18-20g，由南京市江宁区青龙山动物养殖场提供，生产许可证号：SCXK(苏)2017-0001。动物自由摄食和饮水，饲喂标准颗粒饲料，室温22±2℃，湿度45±10％。适应环境3天后用于实验。
实验方法
小鼠结肠炎模型的建立与分组给药
将小鼠随机分为7组，任意选取其中1组为正常组，其余6组分别为模型组，阿格拉宾(20nmol/kg)，化合物1(20,40nmol/kg)，化合物25(20,40nmol/kg)组，每组6只。除正常组外，其余小鼠自由饮用2.5％DSS 7天，随后换成单蒸水自由饮用3天，建立UC模型。从开始造模第1天起，分别灌胃给予阿格拉宾(20nmol/kg/d)，化合物1(20,40nmol/kg/d)和化合物25(20,40nmol/kg/d)连续10天。正常组和模型组小鼠灌胃给予等量溶媒0.5％CMC-Na。
疾病活动指数评分
观察各组小鼠的一般生活状况，并对疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)进行评估。每日具体观测指标为小鼠的体重、大便性状和隐血情况，随后将体重降低、大便性状和隐血情况的评分相加求平均值，得出每只小鼠的DAI分值，即DAI＝(体重下降分数+大便性状分数+隐血分数)/3，以评估疾病活动情况。
如表5所示，评分标准如下：
表5.疾病活动指数评分
分数 体重降低(％) 大便性状 大便出血
0 无 正常 阴性
1 1-5 - -
2 6-10 松软 阳性
3 11-15 - -
4 >15 腹泻 肉眼可见出血
隐血试验方法：采用邻甲苯胺法，用棉签挑取少许粪便于24孔培养板中，先滴加邻甲苯胺冰乙酸溶液200μL，然后迅速滴加3％过氧化氢溶液200μL,2min内显蓝褐色为阳性。
标本采集
末次给药1h后，眼底静脉丛采血，室温下静置2h，3000rpm离心20min，吸取血清并分装，于-70℃冻存备用。采血完毕，脱颈椎处死小鼠，打开腹腔，于距离肛门1cm处取出结肠组织，预冷PBS冲洗两次，于-70℃冻存备用。
结肠长度测定
结肠长度缩短为DSS诱导的UC模型小鼠主要特征之一。将UC小鼠腹腔解剖开后，游离出结肠和远端回肠组织。观察结肠组织外部形态变化情况，测量、记录其长度，并拍照。
MPO活力测定
取各组小鼠结肠组织40mg，加入400μL预冷生理盐水，制备组织匀浆。4℃,1200rpm离心5min后，收集上清。按照试剂盒说明书所述方法，依次加入各种试剂，最后在酶标仪460nm波长处测定各孔吸光度值，计算MPO活力。
MPO活力(U/克湿重)＝(测定管OD值-对照管OD值)/11.3×取样量(g)
数据统计
所有数据均以Means±S.E.M.表示，采用方差分析，分析差异的显著性，对方差分析有显著差异者进一步采用one-way ANOVA和Dunnett’s检验比较组间差异。P值小于0.05被认为有显著性差异。
实验结果
Normal组小鼠活动，排便正常，体重缓慢增加；给予DSS的小鼠随实验天数出现稀便及半成形不粘肛便等症状，活动量减少，体重明显减轻。通过每日观察小鼠体重下降、大便性状及便血情况，对疾病活动指数进行评价。如表6所示，与DSS组相比，化合物25(40nmol/kg)显著降低了DSS引起的结肠炎DAI评分上调，同等剂量下前药25的活性明显强于原药1。
对DAI评分的影响
表6.DAI评分
Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-000046
注：与Normal组相比较 ##P<0.01；与DSS组比较 *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
对结肠长度的影响
表7.结肠长度
组别 只数 长度(cm)
Normal 6 7.35±0.06
DSS 6 5.38±0.35 ##
1(20nmol/kg/d) 6 6.15±0.35
1(40nmol/kg/d) 6 6.78±0.28 **
25(20nmol/kg/d) 6 6.51±0.25 **
25(40nmol/kg/d) 6 7.26±0.26 **
阿格拉宾(20nmol/kg/d) 6 6.50±0.15 **
注：与Normal组相比较 ##P<0.01；与DSS组比较 **P<0.01.
如表7所示，相较于Normal组小鼠，DSS组小鼠结肠长度明显缩短。灌胃给药化合物25(40nmol/kg)明显抑制了小鼠结肠长度的缩短，同等剂量下前药25的活性明显强于原药1。
对结肠组织MPO活力的影响
粒细胞在进入血液循环之前在骨髓可合成髓过氧化物酶MPO，后者储存于噬天青颗粒中。MPO可以通过产生次氯酸杀灭病原微生物，调节炎症反应。MPO约占细胞干重5％，利用这项特点可以测定组织中中性粒细胞的数量。如表8所示，相较于Normal组小鼠，DSS组小鼠结肠组织MPO活力明显升高。灌胃给药25(40nmol/kg)显著降低了小鼠结肠组织的MPO活力，同等剂量下前药25的活性明显强于原药1。
表8.结肠组织MPO活力
组别 只数 MPO活力(U/g tissue)
Normal 6 0.62±0.05
DSS 6 1.72±0.28 ##
1(20nmol/kg) 6 1.40±0.31
1(40nmol/kg) 6 1.08±0.12 **
25(20nmol/kg) 6 1.29±0.11 **
25(40nmol/kg) 6 0.99±0.18 **
阿格拉宾(20nmol/kg) 6 0.95±0.18 **
注：与Normal组相比较 ##P<0.01；与DSS组比较 **P<0.01.
实施例10：化合物25的抗急性痛风性关节炎活性测试
实验试剂
本发明药物，按上述实施例2制备；秋水仙碱片，西双版纳版纳药业有限公司；醋酸泼尼松龙片，天津信宜津津药业有限公司；羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)，国药集团化学试剂有限公司；戊巴比妥钠,(中国医药)集团上海化学试剂公司；尿酸钠(MSU)，Sigma-Aldrich；IL-1β放免试剂盒、IL-18放免试剂盒，北京华英生物技术研究所。
实验动物
SPF级SD大鼠，雌性，体重200-220g，由杭州医学院提供，生产许可证号：SCXK(浙)2019-0002。动物使用许可证号：SYXK(苏)2019-0004。动物自由摄食和饮水，饲喂标准颗粒饲料，室温22±2℃，湿度45±10％。适应环境3天后用于实验。
实验方法
大鼠急性痛风关节炎模型
适应性饲养期间，使用2％的戊巴比妥钠，按照0.25mL/100g的剂量腹腔注射麻醉大鼠，测量大鼠原始左后肢踝关节周径。适应性饲养结束后，使用2％的戊巴比妥钠，按照0.25mL/100g的用量进行腹腔注射麻醉。麻醉后，随机选取8只作为空白组，在其左后肢关节腔注射生理盐水，其他大鼠的左后肢关节腔注射尿酸钠200μL造模。造模后6h以戊巴比妥钠麻醉，用2mm宽纸条测量关节周长，根据关节肿胀率将大鼠分成7组。空白组(等容积CMC-Na)；模型和阳性对照组(等容积CMC-Na)、秋水仙碱组(0.5mg/kg)、泼尼松龙组(3.125mg/kg)、化合物25低、中、高三个剂量组(1.5、5.0、15mg/kg)，空白组8只，其余每组10只。
分组给药
造模后10.5h和22.5h分别给药一次。空白组，模型组大鼠灌胃CMC-Na(0.5％)，秋水仙碱组大鼠灌胃秋水仙碱溶液，泼尼松龙组大鼠灌胃泼尼松龙溶液，化合物25各剂量组大鼠灌胃不同浓度的化合物25，给药容积为10mL/kg。
关节肿胀度评估
关节肿胀为MSU诱导的急性痛风关节炎模型大鼠主要特征之一。造模前，造模后6h、12h和24h分别测量左后肢踝关节周径，计算关节肿胀率。用2mm宽纸条和直尺测量各组大鼠的左后足踝关节下0.5mm处周径值，重复测量2次，取平均值，用于计算关节肿胀率。
关节肿胀率＝(测定时间点关节周径-初始关节周径)/初始关节周径
数据统计
所有数据均以Means±S.E.M.表示，采用方差分析，分析差异的显著性，对方差分析有显著差异者进一步采用one-way ANOVA和Dunnett’s检验比较组间差异。p值小于0.05被视为存在显著性差异。
实验结果
表9.化合物1对大鼠关节肿胀率的影响(Mean±SEM)
组别 只数 6h 12h 24h
空白组 8 5.31±0.87 2.01±0.25 2.15±0.41
模型组 10 16.41±1.36 ## 33.09±2.83 ## 31.43±2.37 ##
秋水仙碱组 10 16.15±1.37 29.10±3.17 23.28±2.14 *
泼尼松龙组 10 15.78±1.22 25.43±2.03 18.48±1.66 **
化合物25低剂量组 10 15.90±0.91 30.89±1.70 23.55±2.23 *
化合物25中剂量组 10 15.94±1.27 29.69±2.92 21.45±2.01 **
化合物25高剂量组 10 16.00±1.33 28.84±3.401 19.93±2.59 **
注：与空白组比， ##P<0.01，与模型组比， *P<0.05， **P<0.01。
对MSU诱发的关节肿胀率的影响
如表9所示，造模6h，12h和24h模型组大鼠踝关节肿胀率均显著高于对照组；首次给药1.5h(造模12h)各给药组大鼠踝关节肿胀率均下降，但未见显著性，第二次给药1.5h(造模24h)各给药组大鼠踝关节肿胀率均显著下降，提示化合物25可显著降低MSU诱导的急性痛风性关节炎大鼠踝关节肿胀率。

Claims (10)

  1. 通式I所示的愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐，
    Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-100001
    R 1、R 2共同构成双键；或R 1为氢或氘，R 2为
    Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-100002
    其中R 3和R 4分别为氢、烷基或环烷基，或者R 3、R 4和N原子形成3～9元的环状结构，环上包括烷基、酯基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、芳基炔基或杂环基取代基；
    R 5与R 6用单键连接形成环丙烷，或当R 5与R 6不形成环丙烷时，R 5为甲基，R 6为羟基、烷氧基、酯基、卤素或与邻位的碳原子形成双键；
    R 7为氢或羟基；
    R 8与R 9用单键连接形成环丙烷，R 10为氢；或者R 8为甲基，R 9与R 10连接形成环丙烷。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，选自下列化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-100004
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，所述药学上可接受的盐包括盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸、柠檬酸盐。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的愈创木烷类倍半萜衍生物或药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，所述药学上可接受的盐选自盐酸盐、富马酸盐：
    Figure PCTCN2022095243-appb-100005
  5. 一种药物组合物，其特征在于，包含权利要求1-4中任一所述的愈创木烷类蓓半萜衍生物或药学上可接受的盐，以及药物上可接受的载体。
  6. 权利要求1-4中任一所述愈创木烷类蓓半萜衍生物或药学上可接受的盐、 权利要求5所述药物组合物在制备治疗NLRP3炎症小体相关疾病的药物中的用途。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述用途，其特征在于，所述NLRP3炎症小体相关疾病包括免疫性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、恶性肿瘤、皮肤疾病、心血管疾病、肝脏相关疾病、肾脏系统相关疾病、胃肠道相关疾病、中枢神经系统疾病、代谢性疾病、内分泌相关疾病、呼吸道疾病、淋巴系统疾病、炎症、感染性疾病、眼病、心理障碍、疼痛。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述用途，其特征在于，所述NLRP3炎症小体相关疾病包括：(1)Cryopyrin蛋白相关周期性综合征CAPS：穆克-韦尔斯综合症MWS、家族性冷性自身炎综合症FCAS和慢性婴儿皮肤神经关节综合征NOMID；(2)自身炎症性疾病：家族性地中海热FMF、TNF受体相关周期性综合征TRAPS、甲羟戊酸激酶缺乏症MKD、高免疫球蛋白D和周期性发热综合征HIDS、白细胞介素1受体DIRA缺乏、Majeed综合症、化脓性关节炎、脓疱病坏疽和痤疮PAPA、A20单倍体不足HA20、小儿肉芽肿性关节炎PGA、PLCG2相关的抗体缺乏和免疫失调PLAID、PLCG2相关的自发炎症、抗体缺乏和免疫失调APLAID与铁粒细胞性贫血伴B细胞免疫缺陷、周期性发烧和发育迟缓SIFD；(3)Sweet's综合症：慢性非细菌性骨髓炎CNO、慢性复发性多灶性骨髓炎CRMO、滑膜炎、痤疮、脓疱病、骨质增生和骨炎综合征SAPHO；(4)自身免疫性疾病：多发性硬化症MS、1型糖尿病、银屑病、类风湿关节炎、Behcet's病、Sjogren's综合征和Schnitzler综合征；(5)呼吸系统疾病：慢性阻塞性肺疾病COPD、类固醇抵抗性哮喘、石棉肺、矽肺和囊性纤维化；(6)中枢神经系统疾病：帕金森症、阿尔茨海默症、运动神经元疾病、Huntington's病、脑疟疾和肺炎球菌性脑膜炎引起的脑损伤；(7)代谢性疾病：2型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、肥胖症，痛风、假性痛风；(8)眼部疾病：眼上皮、年龄相关性黄斑变性AMD、角膜感染、葡萄膜炎和干眼症；(9)肾脏相关疾病：慢性肾脏疾病、草酸肾病和糖尿病肾病；(10)肝脏相关疾病：非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和酒精性肝病；(11)皮肤相关的炎症反应：接触过敏和晒伤；(12)关节相关的炎症反应：骨关节、系统性幼年特发性关节炎、成年性Still's病、复发性多软骨炎；(13)病毒感染：登革热病毒和寨卡病毒、流感、艾滋病毒；(14)化脓性汗腺炎(HS)和其他引起囊肿的皮肤疾病；(15)癌症：肺癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、骨髓增生异常综合症、腹主动脉瘤和白血病；(16)多发性肌炎、结肠炎、心包炎、蠕虫感染、细菌感染、伤口愈合、抑郁症、中风、心肌梗塞、高血压、Dressler's综合征、缺血再灌注损伤。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述用途，其特征在于，所述结肠炎包括溃疡性结肠炎。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述用途，其特征在于，所述NLRP3炎症小体相关疾病包括急性痛风性关节炎。
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