WO2022247528A1

WO2022247528A1 - Method for inducing fruiting of male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits

Info

Publication number: WO2022247528A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/087603
Authority: WO
Inventors: 孙雷明; 方金豹; 齐秀娟; 钟云鹏; 林苗苗; 王然; 李玉阔; 顾红
Original assignee: 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所
Priority date: 2021-05-25
Filing date: 2022-04-19
Publication date: 2022-12-01
Also published as: CN113261464A

Abstract

A method for inducing fruiting of male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits. The method comprises: in 1-2 days before the male flowers of the delicious kiwi fruits bloom, treating flower buds by using an inducer, the inducer being an aqueous solution of 1-(2-chloro)-3-phenylurea, and the concentration of the inducer being 50-150 mg/L. The method has important application value for mastering the fruit traits of male plants, improving the selection of male plant parents in cross breeding, and accelerating the cross breeding process of kiwi fruits.

Description

A method for inducing tassel fruiting of kiwifruit

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for inducing the development of aborted ovaries, in particular to a method for inducing fruit-setting in the male flower ovary of delicious kiwifruit.

Background technique

Actinidia is a perennial deciduous vine of Actinidiaceae. There are 54 species and 21 varieties in this genus, with a total of about 75 taxa. China is the origin of the genus Actinidia, from the cold temperate zone in the north to near the equator in the south, and has an extremely rich distribution of kiwifruit resources. The types of kiwifruit currently cultivated in production are mainly the original variety of Chinese kiwifruit, the variety of delicious kiwifruit, and a small amount of kiwifruit and kiwifruit. Kiwi fruit has a unique flavor and contains a variety of vitamins, proteins, fats, amino acids and minerals, especially rich in vitamin C, known as the "King of VC".

The flowers of plants in nature are divided into bisexual flowers and unisexual flowers, and the unisexual flower types include monoecious unisexual flowers and dioecious unisexual flowers. In plant unisexual flowers, there are many types of female or male sterility, such as structural sterility, hybrid sterility, sporogenesis type sterility, etc. The causes of sterility are also ever-changing, mainly affected by internal genetic factors, hormones and factors such as external environmental conditions. Most of the unisexual flowers in plants have a bisexual period in the early stage of their development. In the later stage of organ formation, one of the primordia will stagnate, resulting in the formation of unisexual flowers.

Kiwi is a typical dioecious plant, its female flowers and male flowers are morphologically bisexual flowers, physiologically unisexual flowers. The pistil of the female flower is fertile, but the pollen is inactive; the pollen of the male flower develops normally, but the pistil is aborted. In the process of kiwifruit cross-breeding, many traits of the fruit of offspring plants are affected by the male parent, but because the male plant cannot bear fruit, the fruit traits controlled by the male plant are unknown, which greatly increases the difficulty of parent selection for cross-breeding and affects the breeding process of kiwifruit .

Therefore, carrying out experimental research on the fruiting of kiwifruit male plants can not only understand the fruit traits controlled by male plants, increase the purpose of male parent selection in cross breeding, but also accelerate the breeding process.

The ovary of the kiwifruit male flower cannot develop into fruit under natural conditions, and it can only be induced artificially. At present, there is no effective method for inducing the ovary of the kiwifruit male flower to set fruit. The current methods of inducing ovary development in other species mainly include pollen induction, chemical induction, etc. Among them, chemical induction is the most commonly used method in plants, and it is mainly induced by chemical substances such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and ethylene. The development of the ovary of some plants. The Chinese patent with the publication number CN102972219A discloses an inducer for inducing pear ovary development and a method of use. It makes GA ₄₊₇ into an inducer aqueous solution with a solution concentration of 200-500 mg/L; the main induction technique is at the blooming stage The inducer is used to treat flower buds in the first 1-2 days, and the inducer is used to treat flowers on the 5-7 day of full flowering stage. The above inventive method can effectively induce the development of pear ovary, but there are obvious differences in hormone levels and balance depths in different species, and the effects of different hormones are also affected by factors such as species characteristics, developmental stages, plant production conditions, and external environmental conditions. Even the same hormone can produce different effects due to different use concentrations, periods, and conditions. Therefore, the development of a method for inducing the development of kiwifruit male flower ovary has important application value for mastering the fruit characteristics of male plants, improving the purpose of male plant selection in cross breeding, and accelerating the process of kiwifruit cross breeding.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for inducing delicious kiwifruit male flowers to bear fruit, which has important application value for mastering the fruit characteristics of male plants, improving the purpose of selection of male plants in hybrid breeding, and accelerating the process of kiwifruit hybrid breeding.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for inducing fruiting of kiwifruit male flowers, specifically: 1-2 days before the opening of kiwifruit male flowers, the flower buds are treated with an inducer; the inducer is 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)- Aqueous solution of 3-phenylurea (CPPU), concentration 50-150mg/L.

Further, the inducer also contains 0.1-0.2% surfactant by volume.

Further preferably, the surfactant is TritonX-100. More preferably, the concentration of the surfactant used is 0.1%, and the surfactant can effectively promote the absorption of the hormone.

The concentration and treatment period of the inducer affect the development of stamens and pistils. More preferably, the concentration of the inducer is 150 mg/L; the optimum treatment period is 1-2 days before flower opening.

The site treated with the inducer was the inner ovary of the male flower bud. When using the inducer to treat, the method of injecting with a syringe is mainly adopted, and the dose of the inducer is controlled. Generally, the treatment is completed when there is liquid drop oozing out of the flower bud. Specifically, a syringe is used to inject the inducer into the inner ovary of the male flower bud, and the injection volume is 10-30 μL.

In the present invention, 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea is formulated into aqueous solutions according to different concentrations, and is used as the inducer of the present invention. The main technique is to use the inducer 2-3 days before the flowers bloom. Treat the flower buds with the agent to induce the tassel fruiting of the delicious kiwifruit, obtain the male plant fruit and further understand the characteristics of the fruit. Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1) The method of the present invention can effectively induce fruiting of delicious kiwifruit male plants, and the fruit appearance is correct, and can be used to evaluate the relevant fruit characteristics controlled by male plants, such as fruit shape, pulp color, soluble solids, dry matter, etc.;

2) In the inventive method, when the concentration of CPPU in the inducer is 150mg/L, the best induction effect can be reached, and the fruit setting rate is the highest;

3) The method of the present invention is reasonable in design, simple in operation and relatively low in equipment requirements. CPPU is a plant growth regulator of cytokinins, easy to synthesize, and requires only a small cost to achieve a good induction effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the picture of the male flower ovary development of untreated control and different concentrations of inducers during flowering;

Fig. 2 is the picture of the fruit setting of male plants treated with untreated control and different concentrations of inducers after 1 month of treatment;

Figure 3 is a picture of the fruit traits of male plants treated with different concentrations of inducers after harvest.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

1. Test equipment and reagents

Portable digital sugar content meter (ATAGO PAL-1); vernier caliper.

Inducer configuration method: dissolve the weighed CPPU powder in 1mL of absolute ethanol, then dilute with water to the corresponding concentration (50mg/L, 100mg/L, 150mg/L), add surfactant Triton X-100 The volume percentage is 0.1%.

2. Induction of Ovary of Tasman Flowers in Delicious Actinidia

(1) Inducer treatment

①Choose 8-year-old delicious male kiwifruit plants in the kiwifruit resource nursery, select flower buds about one month before flowering as the material to be processed, and record the number of flower buds on each branch, so as to make statistics on fruit setting in the later stage.

②On April 28 (ie 2 days before the opening of male flowers), different concentrations of inducers were injected into the inner ovary of flower buds with a syringe with a needle until the buds overflowed (injection volume was about 20 μL).

The experiment was divided into 5 treatments, different concentrations of inducers were used in different treatment test groups, natural growth and clear water treatment were used as controls, see Table 1 for details, three trees were selected for each treatment, and 20 flowers were selected for each treatment.

Table 1 The composition of inducers in different test groups

组别group	诱导剂inducer
对照组1 Control group 1	无诱导，自然生长No induction, natural growth
对照组2Control group 2	清水处理Water treatment

实验组1Experimental group 1	50mg/L CPPU，体积百分比为0.1％的Triton X-10050mg/L CPPU, 0.1% by volume Triton X-100
实验组2Experimental group 2	100mg/L CPPU，体积百分比为0.1％的Triton X-100100mg/L CPPU, 0.1% by volume Triton X-100
实验组3Experimental group 3	150mg/L CPPU，体积百分比为0.1％的Triton X-100150mg/L CPPU, 0.1% by volume Triton X-100

(2) Fertilizer and water management

According to normal management, the base fertilizer is applied once a year after the leaves of the tree fall, mainly organic fertilizer, and the topdressing fertilizer is applied once each at the germination stage and fruit setting stage, mainly quick-acting chemical fertilizers, to ensure a balanced nutrient supply for the tree body. At the same time, do a good job in water management during the growing season, so as to achieve irrigation in the dry season and drainage in the rainy season, especially during the germination period and before and after flowering, pay attention to sufficient water supply.

(3) Pest control

The tree is sprayed with bactericidal and insecticide once before germination. Daily agricultural and physical control is the main method, supplemented by the use of chemical agents, and scientific control is carried out according to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

(4) Harvesting and index determination

Fig. 1 has provided the pictures of the ovary development of the untreated control and different concentrations of inducers during flowering, as can be seen in the figure: when the flowers are open, the flower tube ovary structure of the control group is very small, while that of the different concentrations of inducers is processed The male flower ovary began to expand compared with the control.

Investigate each induced fruit setting situation 30 days after full flowering (seeing Fig. 2, as can be seen from Fig. 2: the flower organ tube of control group 30 days after full blooming has withered, and ovary is undeveloped into fruit, while the male flower ovary of different concentrations of inducer processing is Swell and develop into fruit, and no fall off), and count the fruit set rate.

The fruit is ripe about 150 days after full flowering, and the fruit is picked on October 8, and it is quickly brought back to the laboratory. After the fruit is fully mature, the fruit weight, soluble solids (TSS), and fruit vertical and horizontal diameters are measured. . In addition, observe the appearance of the fruit during the fruit development process (seeing Fig. 3, as can be seen from Fig. 3: after the male plant fruit is ripe, the fruit is flat oval, the fruit beak is slightly obtuse, the fruit shoulder is square, the pericarp is evenly covered with bristles, and the pericarp Brown, greenish white or light green flesh, irregular shape of the core, and seedless fruit).

Testing standards and methods:

①Determination of soluble solids (TSS): Use a portable digital display sugar meter to measure the content of soluble solids, and operate according to the instrument instruction manual.

②Determination of fruit dry matter: according to the GB 5009.3-2019 standard, the direct drying method was used to determine the fruit dry matter content.

Table 2 Comparison of fruits obtained by different inducers

It can be seen that using the method of the present invention can effectively induce fruit-setting of delicious kiwifruit male flowers, which is of great significance for understanding the fruit traits controlled by the male parent of kiwifruit and carrying out directional breeding.

Claims

A method for inducing kiwifruit male flowers to bear fruit, characterized in that, 1-2 days before the opening of the kiwifruit male flowers, the flower buds are treated with an inducer; the inducer is 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl) - Aqueous solution of 3-phenylurea, concentration 50-150mg/L.
The method for inducing delicious kiwifruit male flowers to bear fruit according to claim 1, wherein the inducing agent further comprises 0.1-0.2% surfactant by volume.
The method for inducing delicious kiwifruit male flowers as claimed in claim 2, wherein the surfactant is TritonX-100.
The method for inducing delicious kiwifruit male flowers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the inducer is 150mg/L.
The method for inducing fruiting of kiwifruit male flowers according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inducer is injected into the inner ovary of male flower buds with a syringe, and the injection volume is 10-30 μL.