CN113261464A

CN113261464A - Method for inducing fruitage of male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits

Info

Publication number: CN113261464A
Application number: CN202110570654.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙雷明; 方金豹; 齐秀娟; 钟云鹏; 林苗苗; 王然; 李玉阔; 顾红
Original assignee: Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
Current assignee: Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
Priority date: 2021-05-25
Filing date: 2021-05-25
Publication date: 2021-08-17
Also published as: WO2022247528A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for inducing the fruiting of the male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits, which comprises the steps of treating the flower buds with an inducer 1-2 days before the male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits open; the inducer is an aqueous solution of 1- (2-chloro-4-pyridyl) -3-phenylurea, and the concentration is 50-150 mg/L. The method has important application value for mastering the fruit character of the male plant, improving the purposiveness of male plant selection in cross breeding and accelerating the cross breeding process of the kiwi fruit.

Description

Method for inducing fruitage of male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for inducing abortion ovary development, in particular to a method for inducing fruit setting of a delicious kiwi fruit male flower ovary.

Background

Kiwi fruit is perennial deciduous vine of Actinidia of Actinidiaceae, and the plant has 54 varieties and 21 varieties and has 75 classification units. China is the origin of Actinidia plants, has a very rich distribution of Actinidia chinensis resources in the cold and temperate north and in the region from south to the equator. The kiwi fruit types cultivated in the current production are mainly the original variety of Chinese kiwi fruit, the delicious kiwi fruit variety, and a small amount of actinidia arguta and actinidia arguta. The kiwi fruit has unique flavor, contains various vitamins, proteins, fat, amino acids, mineral substances and the like, and is particularly rich in vitamin C which is called as VC king.

The flowers of plants in nature are divided into amphoteric flowers and parthenocarpic flowers, and the parthenocarpic flower types include parthenocarpic flowers of isosexual plants and parthenocarpic flowers of isosexual plants. In the plant parthenocarpy flower, the types of female or male sterility are many, such as structural sterility, hybrid sterility, sporulation sterility, etc., and the causes of sterility are also varied, and are mainly influenced by factors such as genetic factors, hormones and external environmental conditions in plants. Most of the parthenocarpic flowers of plants have an amphoteric stage in the early stage of their development, and during the formation of later organs, one of the primordia is arrested, resulting in the formation of parthenocarpic flowers.

The kiwi fruit belongs to a typical male and female exotic plant, and both a female flower and a male flower are morphologically amphoteric flowers and physiologically parthenocarpic flowers. Pistils of the female flowers are fertile, but pollen is not viable; the pollen of the male flowers develops normally, but the pistils are aborted. In the kiwi fruit crossbreeding process, many properties of progeny plant fruits are influenced by the male parent, but the male plant cannot bear fruits, and the fruit properties controlled by the male plant are unknown, so that the difficulty of parent selection in crossbreeding is greatly increased, and the kiwi fruit crossbreeding process is influenced.

Therefore, the experimental study on the male kiwi plant results is carried out, so that the fruit character controlled by the male kiwi plant can be known, the purposiveness of male parent selection in crossbreeding is increased, and the breeding process can be accelerated.

The ovary of the male flower of the kiwi fruit cannot be developed into a fruit under a natural condition, and the fruit can only be induced manually, so that an effective method for inducing the fruit setting of the ovary of the male flower of the kiwi fruit is not available at present. Currently, pollen induction, chemical induction and the like are mainly used for inducing the development of ovaries in other species, wherein the chemical induction is the most commonly used method in plants and mainly induces the development of the ovaries of some plants through chemical substances such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene and the like. Chinese patent with publication number CN102972219A discloses an inducer for inducing the development of pear ovary and its application method, which comprises using GA₄₊₇Preparing an inducer aqueous solution with the concentration of 200-500 mg/L; the main induction technology is to treat buds with the inducer 1-2 days before full-bloom stage, and then treat flowers with the inducer 5-7 days after full-bloom stage. The method of the invention can effectively induce the development of the pear ovary, but the hormone level and the balance depth in different species have obvious difference, the action effect of different hormones is also influenced by factors such as species characteristics, development period, plant production condition, external environment condition and the like, and even the same hormone can generate different effects due to different use concentrations, periods and conditions. Therefore, the method for inducing the development of the male ovary of the kiwi fruit is developed, and has important application value for mastering the fruit character of the male plant, improving the purposiveness of selection of the male hybrid breeding plant and accelerating the hybrid breeding process of the kiwi fruit.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for inducing the delicious male flower of kiwi fruit, which has important application value for mastering the fruit character of male plants, improving the purposiveness of male plant selection in cross breeding and accelerating the cross breeding process of kiwi fruit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for inducing the fruitage of the male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits comprises the following steps: 1-2 days before the male flowers of the delicious kiwi fruits open, treating the flower buds by using an inducer; the inducer is an aqueous solution of 1- (2-chloro-4-pyridyl) -3-phenylurea (CPPU) with the concentration of 50-150 mg/L.

Further, the inducer also comprises a surfactant with the volume percentage of 0.1-0.2%.

Further preferably, the surfactant is TritonX-100. More preferably, the surfactant is used at a concentration of 0.1%, which is effective in promoting absorption of the hormone.

The concentration and the treatment period of the inducer influence the development of pistils of the male flowers, and the concentration of the inducer is further preferably 150 mg/L; the optimal treatment period is 1-2 days before the blooming.

The inducer treatment site is the internal ovary of the male flower bud. When the inducer is used for treatment, a mode of injection by a syringe is mainly adopted, the dosage of the inducer is controlled, and the treatment is generally finished when liquid drops seep out from the buds. Specifically, the inducer is injected into the internal ovary of the male flower bud by using a syringe, and the injection amount is 10-30 mu L.

The invention prepares 1- (2-chlorine-4-pyridyl) -3-phenylurea into aqueous solution according to different concentrations, prepares the inducer of the invention, the main technology is that 2-3 days before the flower is opened, the inducer is used to treat flower buds so as to induce the male flower of the delicious kiwi fruit to bear fruit, and male plant fruits can be obtained and the character characteristics of the fruits can be further understood. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the method can effectively induce the male plants of the delicious kiwi fruits to bear fruits, the appearance of the fruits is regular, and the method can be used for evaluating the characteristics of the related fruits controlled by the male plants, such as type, pulp color, soluble solid matters, dry matters and the like;

2) in the method, the best induction effect can be achieved when the concentration of CPPU in the inducer is 150mg/L, and the fruit setting rate is highest;

3) the method has reasonable design, simple operation and lower requirement on equipment, and CPPU is a cytokinin plant growth regulator, has simple and convenient synthesis and can achieve better induction result effect with lower cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a picture of the development of the ovary of a male flower at flowering time without treatment of a control and treatment with different concentrations of an inducing agent;

FIG. 2 is a picture of the fruit set of untreated controls and male plants treated with different concentrations of inducer after 1 month of treatment;

figure 3 is a picture of the fruit character of male plants treated with different concentrations of inducer after harvest.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Test instrument and reagent

Portable digital display saccharimeter (ATAGO PAL-1); a vernier caliper.

The preparation method of the inducer comprises the following steps: dissolving the weighed CPPU powder in 1mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, diluting with water to corresponding concentrations (50 mg/L, 100mg/L and 150 mg/L), and adding 0.1% by volume of surfactant Triton X-100.

Second, induction of the staminate ovary of delicious kiwi fruit

(1) Inducer treatment

Selecting 8-year-old delicious male kiwi fruit plants in a kiwi fruit resource garden, selecting buds as materials to be treated about one month before flowering, and listing and recording the number of the buds of each branch so as to count fruit setting conditions at a later stage.

② 28 days in 4 months (namely 2 days before the male flower is opened), injecting the inducer with different concentrations into the inner ovary of the bud by using an injector with a needle until the bud has liquid drops overflowing (the injection amount is about 20 mu L).

The experiment was divided into 5 treatments, with different concentrations of inducer used in the different treatment groups, using the natural development and clear water treatment as controls, see table 1 for details, three trees were selected for each treatment, and 20 flowers were treated for each treatment.

TABLE 1 Induction composition for different test groups

(2) Management of fertilizer and water

According to normal management, the base fertilizer is applied for 1 time in the year after the leaves of the tree body fall, the organic fertilizer is taken as the main fertilizer, the additional fertilizer is applied for 1 time in the germination period and the fruit setting period respectively, and the quick-acting fertilizer is taken as the main fertilizer, so that the balanced nutrition supply of the tree body is ensured. Meanwhile, water management is well carried out in the growing season, irrigation in dry seasons and drainage in rainy seasons are achieved, and sufficient water supply is paid attention to particularly in the germination period and before and after flowering.

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and pests

Spraying 1 time of sterilization and insecticide before tree germination, wherein agriculture and physical prevention and control are taken as main daily use, chemical agents are taken as auxiliary use, and scientific prevention and control are carried out according to the occurrence condition of plant diseases and insect pests.

(4) Harvesting and index determination

Figure 1 gives a picture of the development of the ovary of the male flowers at flowering time without treatment of the control and with treatment of different concentrations of the inducer, in which it can be seen that: the control group had very little floral organ tubular chamber structure when the flowers were open, while the male flower chamber treated with different concentrations of inducer began to expand compared to the control.

The fruit setting induction was investigated 30 days after full bloom (see fig. 2, fig. 2 shows that the floral tubes of the control group withered and the ovary did not develop into fruit 30 days after full bloom, while the male flower ovary treated with different concentrations of the inducer expanded and developed into fruit and did not show abscission), and the fruit setting rate was counted.

The fruits are ripe about 150 days after full bloom, the fruits are picked in 8 days after 10 months, the picked fruits are quickly taken back to a laboratory, and after the fruits are completely ripe, indexes such as the weight of single fruit, soluble solid matters (TSS), the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruits and the like are measured. In addition, the appearance of the fruit is observed in the fruit development process (see figure 3, figure 3 shows that after the male plant fruit is mature, the fruit is flat and oval, the fruit beak is slightly blunt and convex, the fruit is square, the fruit skin is uniformly hard-edged, the fruit skin is brown, the fruit pulp is green white or light green, the fruit core is irregular in shape, and the fruit has no seeds).

Detection standards and methods:

determination of soluble solids (TSS): the content of soluble solids was measured using a portable digital display glucometer, and the operation was performed according to the instructions for the use of the instrument.

Measurement of dry matter of fruits: the dry matter content of the fruits is determined by a direct drying method according to the provisions of GB 5009.3-2019 standard.

TABLE 2 comparison of fruits obtained by different inducer treatments

Therefore, the method can effectively induce the delicious kiwi fruit male flower to bear fruit, and has important significance for knowing the fruit character controlled by the kiwi fruit male parent and developing directional breeding.

Claims

1. A method for inducing the fruitage of the male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits is characterized in that flower buds are treated by an inducer 1-2 days before the male flowers of delicious kiwi fruits open; the inducer is an aqueous solution of 1- (2-chloro-4-pyridyl) -3-phenylurea, and the concentration is 50-150 mg/L.

2. The method of inducing the male flower fruiting of the savoury kiwifruit of claim 1 wherein the inducer further comprises 0.1 to 0.2% by volume of a surfactant.

3. The method of inducing the male flower fruiting of the savoury kiwifruit of claim 2 wherein the surfactant is triton x-100.

4. The method of inducing the staminate fruiting of savoury kiwifruit according to claim 1 wherein the inducer concentration is 150 mg/L.

5. The method for inducing the fruiting in the male flowers of the savoury kiwifruit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the inducer is injected into the internal ovary of the male flower bud using a syringe in an amount of 10-30 μ L.