CN1685821A - Loquat unisexual fruiting induction agent and its use technology - Google Patents

Abstract

A parthenocarpy inducing agent of loquat tree for bearing the non-kernel loquat fruit is prepared proportionally from gibberellin (GA3) and 1-(2-Cl-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU) through mixing and dissolving it in water. Its application features that it is used to treat the flower buds, flower, or fruit every 29+/-4 days before fertilization.

Description

Loquat parthenocarpy derivant and operation technique thereof

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of solid inductive technology of loquat.

Background technology:

The loquat flower after fertilization begins solid, forms the fruit contain seed, and this is normal phenomenon, but in some cases, can also can be solid without amphigamy, form seedless loquat, and this is the parthenocarpy phenomenon of loquat.The loquat parthenocarpy is relevant with the concentration of the contained auxin of ovary to a certain extent, and auxin forms seedless loquat to cause parthenocarpy like the application class so agricultural goes up.After the external source auxin infiltrates plant corpus by certain mode, influence the level and the mutual balanced action of endogenous hormones by different way, its action effect is subject to processing factor affecting such as breediness, developmental stage, development condition, weather and soil condition, and exogenous plant hormones often has action spectrum widely, be that same medicament is owing to use age, concentration, method difference, can produce different reactions, even opposite result, so the use of exogenous hormone has its stringency, flexibility.Loquat is the treasure of fruit in dull season, and pulp is thin and many but its seed is big, and edible rate is low, and is edible inconvenient, and price began to glide in recent years.And induce the loquat parthenocarpy to form the seedless loquat of large fruit high-quality is the hope that people dream of, it not only increases edible part, and instant, improved the commodity value of fruit greatly, also can avoid the underproduction bad because of the pollination fertilization or that winter low temperature causes, be the quality raw materials of loquat canning simultaneously, so seedless loquat will become the new highlight that rural economy increases.Recent decades, there is how tame R﹠D institution application exogenous plant hormones to carry out the loquat parthenocarpy both at home and abroad and induces research.What reported at present all is to use gibberellin GA ₃At different cultivars with the handling of variable concentrations, form seedless fruit after, use GA again ₃+ CPPU combination impels young fruit to expand, and last effect is all undesirable, and commodity value is not high, can't apply.Mainly have the following disadvantages:

1. the seedless fruit of Chan Shenging is less than normal, and mean fruit weight is no more than 25 grams.

2. fruit quality is undesirable, and soluble solid content reduces, flavor acid, and mouthfeel is bad.

3. day burn, physiological disease such as dehiscent fruit is serious.

4. can't overcome the breediness of GA, seedless rate instability to the seedless rate of loquat.

5.GA the seedless fruit of handling easily shedding before and after colour-change period at early development and fruit yields poorly.

6. the maturing stage postpones.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is at above-mentioned defective, have balance according to hormone and make principle mutually, provide a kind of to kind have the wide spectrum performance, produce that fruit is big, fruit shape is good, the loquat parthenocarpy inductive technology of quality better, high yield.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: with gibberellin (GA ₃) mix by weight 100: 3～4 with 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridine radicals)-3-phenylurea (CPPU), make derivant of the present invention, the derivant concentration of aqueous solution is at 600～1100mg/L; Major technique is to spend progamous bud stage to begin, and with derivant of the present invention bud or flower or fruit is handled once pre-process and post-process 3～5 times every 29 ± 4 days.

By to a plurality of loquat variety trials such as different maturing stages, different fruit shape, the different places of production, find that derivant of the present invention all has preferably, stable effect, effectively overcome the influence of the breediness of loquat to derivant.The seedless fruit of using the production of this derivant has following advantage:

1. the seedless rate of loquat is high and stable, generally remains on more than 75 ± 5%.

2. have kind action spectrum widely, general loquat cultivar is all produced effect, overcome breediness.

3. the seedless fruit of parthenocarpy is big, and mean fruit weight is 95 ± 15% of a former kind non-processor fruit, and fruit is Long Circle, fruit shape U.S..As liberate clock, early No. six, clock, East Lake early and loquat seedless fruit mean fruit weights such as big five-pointed star all reach more than 50 grams.

4. fruit quality is good, compares with the drupe that has of non-processor, and soluble solid content raises during fruit maturation, has very high commodity value.

5. high yield characteristic is good, the economic flow rate height, and output and proper tree are suitable, about 600 kilograms of per mu yield high-quality seedless fruits.

6. dehiscent fruit, physiological disease such as day burn are lighter.

7. the maturing stage shifts to an earlier date 0～+ 10 day.

Embodiment

1. flower thinning fringe: the colored fringe that removes thin and delicate branch.

2. flower thinning: remove part Zhi Sui, stay middle part 2～3 branck spikes.

3. parthenocarpy is induced: from spending progamous bud stage, handled bud or flower or fruit every 29 ± 4 days once, handle continuously 3～5 times.Processing mode can be spraying or soak or be coated with wet.

4. fruit thinning: removed drupe, sick wormed fruit and malformed fruit, every fruit bearing shoot is 2～4 of fruits surely.

5. diseases and pests controlling: 1～2 insect pests of pesticide before bagging.

6. bagging: diseases and pests controlling and handle with derivant for the last time after carry out fruit bagging.

7. rich water quality management: executed 1～2 time in main fertile year, once be short fertilizers for potted flowers, based on slow effect fertilizer, once be fruit picking fertilizer, based on quick-acting chemical fertilizer, flowers and fruits can topdress between the puberty 2～3 times, based on available P, K fertilizer, to guarantee having enough, balanced nutrition to grow, when changeing yellow, fruit notices that potash fertilizer uses for flowers and fruits.Change the yellow maturing stage at fruit and will note water management, the waterlogging draining, drought is watered, and particularly pericarp kind thin, easily dehiscent fruit more will be noted water drainage work, as kind such as No. six, clock and liberation clock morning.

Embodiment 1: Foochow Cang Shanchengmen: compare with normal fruit in East Lake early loquat seedless fruit

	Single fruit weight	Fruit shape index	Soluble solid	Edible rate	Seedless rate	Maturing stage
							Seedless East Lake early	60.1 gram	??1.75	????10.0％	??86.8％	??83.7％	Early April-mid-April
Normal East Lake early	63.3 gram	??1.02	????8.0％	??69.4％	??0％	The late April-the first tenday period of a month in May

Embodiment 2: the Putian Huating: early No. six loquat seedless fruits of clock compare with normal fruit

	Single fruit weight	Fruit shape index	Soluble solid	Edible rate	Seedless rate	Maturing stage
							Seedless morning, No. six, clock	53.2 gram	???1.97	????12.0	??85.2％	???93.5％	Late March-early April
No. six, normal clock early	57.9 gram	???1.25	????8.5	??67.4％	???0％	Late March-early April

Claims (4)

1, a kind of loquat parthenocarpy derivant is characterized in that: gibberellin and 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridine radicals)-3-phenylurea are mixed by weight 100: 3～4, and the derivant concentration of aqueous solution is at 600～1100mg/L.

2, the operation technique of loquat parthenocarpy derivant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: spending progamous bud stage to begin, with derivant of the present invention bud or flower or fruit were being handled once pre-process and post-process 3～5 times every 29 ± 4 days.

3, the operation technique of loquat parthenocarpy derivant according to claim 2 is characterized in that: it specifically uses step as follows:

(1) flower thinning fringe: the colored fringe that removes thin and delicate branch;

(2) flower thinning: remove part Zhi Sui, stay middle part 2～3 branck spikes;

(3) parthenocarpy is induced: from spending progamous bud stage, handled bud or flower or fruit every 29 ± 4 days once, handle continuously 3～5 times;

(4) fruit thinning: removed drupe, sick wormed fruit and malformed fruit, every fruit bearing shoot surely the fruit 2～4;

(5) diseases and pests controlling: 1～2 insect pests of pesticide before bagging;

(6) bagging: diseases and pests controlling carries out fruit bagging after reaching and handling with derivant for the last time;

(7) rich water quality management: executed 1～2 time in main fertile year, once be short fertilizers for potted flowers, based on slow effect fertilizer, once be fruit picking fertilizer, based on quick-acting chemical fertilizer, flowers and fruits can topdress between the puberty 2～3 times, based on available P, K fertilizer, to guarantee having enough, balanced nutrition to grow, when changeing yellow, fruit notices that potash fertilizer uses for flowers and fruits; Change the yellow maturing stage at fruit and will note water management, the waterlogging draining, drought is watered, and particularly pericarp kind thin, easily dehiscent fruit more will be noted water drainage work, as kind such as No. six, clock and liberation clock morning.

4, according to the operation technique of claim 2 or 3 described loquat parthenocarpy derivants, it is characterized in that: the processing of described derivant is spraying or soaks or be coated with wet.