WO2022228238A1 - 可变光圈、摄像头模组及电子设备 - Google Patents

可变光圈、摄像头模组及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022228238A1
WO2022228238A1 PCT/CN2022/087949 CN2022087949W WO2022228238A1 WO 2022228238 A1 WO2022228238 A1 WO 2022228238A1 CN 2022087949 W CN2022087949 W CN 2022087949W WO 2022228238 A1 WO2022228238 A1 WO 2022228238A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
turntable
sma wire
base
aperture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/087949
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李邓峰
胡向阳
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to US18/557,839 priority Critical patent/US20240219809A1/en
Priority to EP22794709.0A priority patent/EP4318067A4/en
Publication of WO2022228238A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022228238A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/02—Diaphragms
    • G03B9/06—Two or more co-operating pivoted blades, e.g. iris type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/005—Diaphragms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B30/00—Camera modules comprising integrated lens units and imaging units, specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones or vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B2205/00—Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing
    • G03B2205/0053—Driving means for the movement of one or more optical element
    • G03B2205/0076—Driving means for the movement of one or more optical element using shape memory alloys

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of photography technology, and in particular, to a variable aperture, a camera module and an electronic device.
  • the traditional camera module is provided with a variable aperture.
  • the current variable aperture mainly drives the blade to move through a voice coil motor (VCM) to adjust the aperture size. Since the voice coil motor is susceptible to electromagnetic interference, the aperture adjustment accuracy of the aperture hole of the iris aperture is poor.
  • VCM voice coil motor
  • the application provides a variable aperture, a camera module and an electronic device, and the aperture adjustment precision of the aperture hole of the variable aperture is high.
  • the present application provides a variable aperture, including a base, a fixed plate, a turntable, a plurality of blades, a first SMA wire, and a second SMA wire.
  • the base has a through hole.
  • the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the base, the fixed plate is annular, and the inner through holes of the fixed plate are arranged opposite to the through holes.
  • the turntable rotates to connect the base and is arranged around the fixed plate.
  • the plurality of blades are located on the same side of the fixed plate and the turntable.
  • the plurality of blades are annularly distributed and enclose an aperture hole.
  • the aperture hole and the through hole are arranged opposite to each other.
  • first SMA wire and the second SMA wire are connected to the base, and the other end is connected to the turntable.
  • the first SMA wire or the second SMA wire is used to shrink when energized, so as to drive the turntable to rotate relative to the fixed plate.
  • Each blade is relative to the fixed plate. Rotate and slide relative to the turntable, and the aperture of the aperture hole changes.
  • the direction in which the first SMA wire shrinks and drives the turntable to rotate is opposite to the direction in which the second SMA wire shrinks and drives the turntable to rotate.
  • variable aperture drives the turntable to rotate relative to the fixed plate through the first SMA wire or the second SMA wire, so that the plurality of blades are closed or opened, and the aperture of the aperture hole changes.
  • the driving mechanism of the variable aperture is less susceptible to electromagnetic interference, so that the aperture adjustment precision and reliability of the aperture hole of the variable aperture are high.
  • the iris can save space in the length and width directions, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the iris.
  • the length direction and the width direction are perpendicular to each other, and both are perpendicular to the center line of the aperture hole.
  • variable aperture further includes a first dial
  • the first dial includes a rotating part, a first connecting part and a second connecting part
  • the rotating part rotates to connect the base
  • the first SMA wire is connected to the first connecting part.
  • the turntable is connected to the second connecting part.
  • the variable aperture further includes a second dial, the second dial is connected to the base by rotation, the second SMA wire is connected to the second dial, and the second dial is also connected to the turntable.
  • the first dial is linked to the turntable
  • the first SMA wire is connected to the dial via the first dial
  • the second dial is linked to the dial
  • the second SMA wire is connected to the dial via the second dial
  • the first SMA wire is connected to the dial via the second dial.
  • One end of the wire and the second SMA wire is connected to the base, and the other end is connected to the turntable.
  • the first SMA wire shrinks it drives the first turning block to rotate, the first turning block turns the turntable to rotate relative to the base, the second turning block is driven to rotate by the turntable, and the second SMA wire is elongated.
  • the second SMA wire shrinks, the turntable is driven to rotate in the other direction, and the first SMA wire is elongated.
  • the first dial block may also include a dial block body, and the dial block body includes a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite to each other.
  • the rotating part is protruded on the bottom surface of the main body of the dial, and the rotating part may include a rotating column.
  • the first connecting portion is protruded from the top surface of the main body of the dial, and the first connecting portion may include a support base and a connecting column protruded from the top surface of the support base.
  • the second connecting portion may be formed on the side surface of the dial body, and the side surface of the dial body is located between the top surface of the dial body and the bottom surface of the dial body.
  • variable aperture further includes a first clamping claw, a second clamping claw, a third clamping claw and a fourth clamping claw.
  • the two ends of the first SMA wire are respectively connected to the first clamping claw and the second clamping claw, and the two ends of the second SMA wire are respectively connected to the third clamping claw and the fourth clamping claw.
  • the first clamping claw is installed on the base, so that one end of the first SMA wire is connected to the base.
  • the second clamping claw is connected to the first connecting portion of the first shifting block, so that the other end of the first SMA wire is connected to the turntable through the first shifting block.
  • the third claw is mounted on the base, so that one end of the second SMA wire is connected to the base.
  • the fourth claw is connected to the second dial, so that the other end of the second SMA wire is connected to the turntable through the second dial.
  • the second connecting portion is engaged with or interference fit with the turntable.
  • the second connection part includes a gear structure
  • the turntable includes a gear structure
  • the gear structure of the second connection part meshes with the gear structure of the turntable.
  • the distance between the first connecting portion and the rotating portion is smaller than the distance between the second connecting portion and the rotating portion. It can be understood that the aperture hole of the conventional variable aperture using a voice coil motor is likely to change little because the magnetic force of the magnet and the coil has an upper limit, that is, the change range of the aperture hole of the conventional variable aperture is limited. In the present application, however, the iris is driven by the first SMA wire or the second SMA wire, and the aperture change range of the aperture hole of the iris is not affected by the magnetic force of the magnet and the coil.
  • the first shifting block can realize an enlarged stroke, and when the shrinkage length of the first SMA wire is small, namely The turntable can be rotated relative to the fixed plate by the first dial to rotate a larger angle, so that the rotation angle of the blade is larger and the aperture of the aperture hole changes greatly.
  • the second dial can also realize stroke enlargement, so that the aperture of the aperture hole of the variable aperture can vary widely, which is conducive to improving the shooting quality of the camera module applying the variable aperture and enriching the shooting scenes.
  • the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are located on two sides of the rotating portion, respectively.
  • the main body of the dial can be substantially fan-shaped
  • the first connecting part can be fixed at the center of the dial or close to the center of the circle
  • the second connecting part can be fixed on the outer arc surface (that is, the side surface) of the main body of the dial.
  • the rotating part is fixed between the center of the circle and the outer arc surface of the main body of the dial.
  • variable aperture further includes a return spring, and the return spring connects the first connection portion and the base. Since the iris is provided with a return spring, the return spring can reset the blade after the power is turned off, so the iris does not need to be powered on additionally, and power consumption can be saved, making the power consumption of the iris smaller.
  • the two ends of the return spring may be connected to the first dial block and the second dial block respectively, and the middle part is connected to the base.
  • the return spring may also include two parts that are independent of each other, wherein one part connects the first toggle block and the base, and the other part connects the second toggle block and the base.
  • both ends of the return spring can be connected to the second claw and the fourth claw respectively.
  • the return spring, the second claw and the fourth claw can be integrally formed.
  • the base includes a bottom plate and an inner ring wall
  • the bottom plate is annular and surrounds the through hole
  • the inner ring wall is fixed on the inner periphery of the bottom plate
  • the inner ring wall is provided with a first gap.
  • the turntable includes a disk body and a first matching portion fixed on one side of the disk body. The disk body is arranged opposite to the bottom plate, and the first matching portion is located in the first gap and is matched with the second connecting portion.
  • the first matching portion and the second matching portion of the turntable are arranged using the notch of the base, so as to reuse space with the base, improve the space utilization rate of the iris, and facilitate the miniaturization of the iris.
  • the fixed plate is fixed on the side of the inner ring wall facing away from the bottom plate, and the fixed plate covers the first gap, so that the first and second matching parts of the turntable are limited to the bottom plate of the fixed plate and the base. In between, the turntable can rotate stably between the fixed plate and the base.
  • variable aperture further includes a first magnetic member and a second magnetic member, the first magnetic member is fixed to the base and is disposed corresponding to the first SMA wire, and the second magnetic member is fixed to the base and corresponds to the second SMA wire set up.
  • the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member may be permanent magnets, so that the first magnetic member attracts the first SMA wire and the second magnetic member attracts the second SMA wire, so as to prevent the SMA wire from channeling in a relaxed state. movement phenomenon.
  • the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member can also be electromagnets, which are used to attract the first SMA wire and/or the second SMA wire in some time periods and not attract the first SMA wire in other time periods under the control of electrical signals. SMA wire and/or second SMA wire.
  • each blade includes a first end portion and a second end portion, the first end portion includes a rotation hole and a guide hole arranged at intervals, the second end portion includes a first edge, and the first edge is connected to the guide hole.
  • the holes are arranged on the same side, and the first edge is a part of the hole wall of the aperture hole.
  • the shape of the first edge may be a straight line, an arc, a combination of a straight line and an arc, a combination of a straight line and a straight line, or a combination of an arc and an arc.
  • the fixed plate includes a first fixing column, and the first fixing column is inserted into the rotating hole.
  • the turntable includes a second fixing column, the second fixing column is inserted in the guide hole and can slide in the guide hole. Wherein, when the turntable rotates relative to the fixed plate, the second fixed column slides in the guide hole, the second fixed column drives the blades to rotate around the first fixed column and relative to the fixed plate, and the closing of the plurality of blades makes the aperture hole narrow or open so that the aperture hole is expand.
  • multiple blades can be stacked into two layers, the blades stacked on the bottom layer can contact the turntable and the fixed plate, and the blades stacked on the top layer can contact the gasket and the blades stacked on the bottom layer. high.
  • the turntable and the base are connected by ball slide rails.
  • the base includes a bottom plate and a plurality of connecting portions protruding from the top surface of the bottom plate, and each connecting portion has a groove.
  • the variable aperture further includes a plurality of balls, and the plurality of balls are respectively installed in the grooves of the plurality of connecting parts.
  • the turntable includes a disc body and a plurality of guide parts fixed on one side of the disc body, each guide part includes a guide chute, the extension track of the guide chute can be arc-shaped, and the center of the extension track of the guide chute of the plurality of guide parts coincide.
  • the disc body of the turntable is arranged opposite to the bottom plate of the base, the plurality of balls are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of guide portions, and each ball is partially located in the guide chute of the corresponding guide portion.
  • variable aperture further includes a return spring, and the return spring connects the base and the turntable. Since the iris is provided with a return spring, the return spring can reset the turntable after the power is turned off, so that the blades are reset, so the iris does not need to be powered on additionally, which can save power consumption and make the power consumption of the iris smaller.
  • the present application further provides a camera module, comprising a lens and any one of the above variable apertures, the variable aperture is fixed to the lens, and the aperture hole of the variable aperture is located on a light-transmitting path of the lens.
  • variable aperture can accurately adjust the aperture size of its aperture hole, the illumination intensity of the incident light entering the image sensor of the camera module through the lens can be adjusted, thereby greatly improving the imaging of the camera module quality.
  • the aperture hole is located on the light-incident side of the lens.
  • the lens can be partially embedded in the variable aperture, thereby reducing the size of the camera module in the thickness direction, which is conducive to realizing miniaturization.
  • the lens includes a first part and a second part that are coaxially arranged, and the aperture hole is located between the first part and the second part.
  • the first part may include a first lens barrel and a first lens group mounted on the first lens barrel
  • the second part may include a second lens barrel and a second lens group mounted on the second lens barrel.
  • the optical axis of the second lens group coincides with the optical axis of the first lens group.
  • the aperture hole of the variable aperture is arranged between the first part and the second part, which can better meet the shooting requirements of the camera module.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, comprising an image processor and any one of the above camera modules, the image processor and the camera module are communicatively connected, and the image processor is used to obtain image data from the camera module, and Process image data.
  • the camera module since the camera module has better imaging quality, the user experience of the electronic device is better.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application in some embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the camera module shown in FIG. 1 in some embodiments;
  • Fig. 3 is the partial exploded structure schematic diagram of the camera module shown in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the camera module shown in FIG. 2 cut along A-A;
  • Fig. 5 is the partial exploded structure schematic diagram of the variable aperture shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the base shown in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the first dial block shown in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a partial structure of the variable aperture shown in FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 9 is a partial structural schematic diagram 1 of the variable aperture shown in Fig. 3;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the structure shown in Figure 9 cut along B-B;
  • Fig. 11 is the structural representation of the turntable shown in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 12 is a second partial structural schematic diagram of the variable aperture shown in FIG. 3;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the structure shown in Figure 12;
  • Fig. 14 is a partial structural schematic diagram three of the variable aperture shown in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 14 taken along C-C;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram 4 of a partial structure of the variable aperture shown in FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 17 is the structural schematic diagram of the blade shown in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram 5 of a partial structure of the variable aperture shown in FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 19 is a partial structural schematic diagram 1 of the variable aperture shown in Fig. 3 in a state of use;
  • FIG. 20 is a second partial structural schematic diagram of the variable aperture shown in FIG. 3 in a state of use;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of the camera module shown in FIG. 1 in other embodiments.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of the camera module shown in FIG. 1 in still other embodiments.
  • connection can be detachable connection or non-detachable connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • fixed connection refers to connection with each other and the relative positional relationship after connection remains unchanged.
  • Rotationally connected means connected to each other and capable of relative rotation after connection.
  • Slideingly connected means connected to each other and capable of sliding relative to each other after connection.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application in some embodiments.
  • the electronic device 100 may be a mobile phone, a tablet personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a camera, a personal computer, a notebook computer, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, Devices with camera modules, such as augmented reality (AR) glasses, AR helmets, virtual reality (VR) glasses or VR helmets.
  • the electronic device 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is described by taking a mobile phone as an example.
  • the electronic device 100 includes a casing 10 , a display screen (not shown in the figure), an image processor 20 and a camera module 30 .
  • the housing 10 includes a frame 101 and a back cover 102 .
  • the frame 101 and the back cover 102 can be formed into an integral structure, or can be assembled into an integral structure.
  • the display screen and the back cover 102 are respectively installed on both sides of the frame 101 .
  • the image processor 20 and the camera module 30 are accommodated inside the casing 10 .
  • the image processor 20 is connected in communication with the camera module 30 , and the image processor 20 is used for acquiring image data from the camera module 30 and processing the image data.
  • the communication connection between the camera module 30 and the image processor 20 may include data transmission through electrical connection such as wiring, or data transmission through coupling or the like. It can be understood that, the camera module 30 and the image processor 20 may also implement communication connection in other ways capable of implementing data transmission.
  • the function of the image processor 20 is to optimize the digital image signal through a series of complex mathematical arithmetic operations, and finally transmit the processed signal to the display.
  • the image processor 20 can be an image processing chip or a digital signal processing chip. Its function is to transmit the data obtained by the photosensitive chip to the central processing unit in a timely and fast manner and refresh the photosensitive chip. Therefore, the quality of the image processor 20 chip directly affects the quality of the chip. Picture quality (such as color saturation, sharpness, etc.).
  • the rear cover 102 is provided with a camera hole 1021 , and the camera module 30 can collect light through the camera hole 1021 to serve as a rear camera of the electronic device 100 .
  • the back cover 102 includes a light-transmitting lens, and the light-transmitting lens is installed in the camera hole 1021 to allow light to pass through, and can be dustproof and waterproof.
  • the camera module 30 can also serve as a front camera of the electronic device 100 .
  • the installation position of the camera module 30 of the electronic device 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is only schematic, and the application does not strictly limit the installation position of the camera module 30 .
  • the camera module 30 can also be installed in other positions of the electronic device 100 , for example, the camera module 30 can be installed in the upper middle or upper right corner of the back of the electronic device 100 .
  • the electronic device 100 may include a device body and an auxiliary component that can be rotated, moved or detached relative to the device body, and the camera module 30 may also be disposed on the auxiliary component.
  • the electronic device 100 may further include an analog-to-digital converter (also referred to as an A/D converter, not shown).
  • the analog-to-digital converter is connected between the camera module 30 and the image processor 20 .
  • the analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the signal generated by the camera module 30 into a digital image signal and transmit it to the image processor 20, and then the digital image signal is processed by the image processor 20, and finally an image or image is displayed on the display screen.
  • the electronic device 100 may further include a memory (not shown in the figure), the memory is connected in communication with the image processor 20, and the image processor 20 processes the image digital signal and then transmits the image to the memory, so as to facilitate the processing of the image.
  • the image can be retrieved from storage and displayed on the display at any time when the image needs to be viewed later.
  • the image processor 20 further compresses the processed image digital signal and stores it in a memory to save memory space.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the camera module 30 shown in FIG. 1 in some embodiments
  • FIG. 3 is a partial exploded structural schematic diagram of the camera module 30 shown in FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 is a 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the camera module 30 cut along the line A-A.
  • the camera module 30 includes an iris 1 , a lens 2 , a motor 3 , a filter 4 , a holder 5 , an image sensor 6 and a circuit board 7 .
  • the base 5 is fixed on the circuit board 7
  • the image sensor 6 is fixed on the circuit board 7 and is located inside the base 5 .
  • a plurality of components 8 may also be fixed on the circuit board 7 , and the plurality of components 8 are arranged around the image sensor 6 .
  • the motor 3 is mounted on the base 5 and is located on the side of the image sensor 6 facing away from the circuit board 7 .
  • the lens 2 is mounted on a motor 3, and the motor 3 is used to drive the lens 2 to move or tilt.
  • the motor 3 may be a focusing motor and/or an optical anti-shake motor.
  • the image sensor 6 is located on the image side of the lens 2 .
  • the filter 4 is mounted on the base 5 and is located between the lens 2 and the image sensor 6 . The light can pass through the lens 2 and irradiate to the imaging surface of the image sensor 6 .
  • the working principle of the camera module 30 is as follows: the light reflected by the photographed scene generates an optical image through the lens 2 and projects it to the imaging surface of the image sensor 6, and the image sensor 6 converts the optical image into an electrical signal, that is, an analog image signal and transmits it. to an analog-to-digital converter, to be converted into a digital image signal by the analog-to-digital converter to the image processor 20 .
  • the image sensor 6 (also referred to as a photosensitive element) is a semiconductor chip with hundreds of thousands to millions of photodiodes on the surface, and when irradiated by light, charges will be generated.
  • the image sensor 6 may be a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS).
  • CCD charge coupled device
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
  • Charge-coupled devices are made of a highly light-sensitive semiconductor material that converts light into electrical charges.
  • a charge-coupled device consists of many photosensitive units, usually measured in megapixels. When the surface of the charge-coupled device is illuminated by light, each photosensitive unit will reflect the charge on the component, and the signals generated by all the photosensitive units are added together to form a complete picture.
  • Complementary metal oxide conductor devices are mainly semiconductors made of two elements, silicon and germanium, so that N (charged) and P (charged) grades coexist on complementary metal oxide conductor devices.
  • N (charged) and P (charged) grades coexist on complementary metal oxide conductor devices.
  • the currents generated by these two complementary effects can be recorded and interpreted as images by processing chips.
  • the lens 2 affects the imaging quality and imaging effect. It mainly uses the refraction principle of the lens for imaging, that is, the light of the scene passes through the lens 2 to form a clear image on the focal plane, and the image sensor 6 located on the focal plane records the image of the scene.
  • the optical filter 4 is used to eliminate unnecessary light projected onto the image sensor 6 and prevent the image sensor 6 from generating false color or moire, so as to improve its effective resolution and color reproduction.
  • the filter 4 can be, but not limited to, a blue glass filter.
  • the filter 4 may also be a reflective infrared filter, or a double-pass filter.
  • the double-pass filter can transmit visible light and infrared light in ambient light at the same time, or allow visible light in ambient light and other specific wavelengths of light (such as ultraviolet light) to transmit at the same time, or allow infrared light and other specific wavelengths to transmit at the same time. Light of wavelengths, such as ultraviolet light, are transmitted simultaneously.
  • the variable aperture 1 is fixed to the lens 2 .
  • the variable aperture 1 has an aperture hole 11 , the aperture size of the aperture hole 11 is adjustable, and the aperture hole 11 is located on the light transmission path of the lens 2 .
  • the light-passing path of the lens 2 is the path that allows light to pass through.
  • the aperture hole 11 of the iris 1 may be located on the light incident side of the lens 2 , and external light enters the lens 2 after passing through the aperture 11 of the iris 1 .
  • variable aperture 1 can be used to increase or decrease the light flux entering the lens 2 .
  • the aperture hole 11 of the variable aperture 1 can be enlarged, and at this time, the light flux entering the lens 2 increases.
  • the aperture hole 11 of the variable aperture 1 can be adjusted to be smaller, and at this time, the light flux entering the lens 2 is reduced.
  • the camera module 30 may also not include the motor 3 , and the lens 2 is fixed on the base 5 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the iris 1 may include a base 12, a fixed plate 13, a turntable 14, a plurality of blades 15, a first SMA (shape memory alloys, shape memory alloy) wire 16, a second SMA wire 17, a first dial Block 18, second shifting block 19, return spring 110, first claw 1201, second claw 1202, third claw 1203, fourth claw 1204, first magnetic piece 1301, second magnetic piece 1302, many A ball 140 , a shading disc 150 and a cover plate 160 .
  • the variable aperture 1 may include more or less components, or some components may be combined or split.
  • the cover plate 160 is exemplarily fixed on one side of the base 12 , and other structures of the iris 1 are installed between the base 12 and the cover plate 160 .
  • the cover plate 160 and the base 12 may constitute The appearance part of the iris 1 is used for fixing and protecting. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the variable aperture 1 is described by taking the side where the cover plate 160 is located as the “top” and the other side as the “bottom” as an example.
  • the number of blades 15 is six.
  • the shape and size of each blade 15 are the same. Therefore, each blade 15 may be given the same reference number, and for the sake of brevity of the drawing, only one of the blades 15 is numbered in FIG. 5 .
  • the number of blades 15 is not limited.
  • the shapes and sizes of the plurality of blades 15 can also be different, and the specific shapes and sizes can be flexibly set according to requirements.
  • the numbering manner of the plurality of balls 140 is the same as that of the plurality of blades 15 , which will not be repeated here. It should be understood that when the number of components/structures/compositions is multiple, the components/structures/compositions may also refer to the numbering manner of the plurality of blades 15, and the specific details will not be repeated below.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the base 12 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the base 12 includes a bottom plate 121 , an inner annular wall 122 and an outer annular wall 123 , and the base 12 has a through hole 124 .
  • the bottom plate 121 is annular, such as an annular shape, and the bottom plate 121 is disposed around the through hole 124 .
  • the bottom plate 121 includes an inner peripheral edge and an outer peripheral edge disposed opposite to each other, and the outer peripheral edge of the bottom plate 121 is arranged around the inner peripheral edge of the bottom plate 121 .
  • the inner ring wall 122 is fixed on the inner peripheral edge of the bottom plate 121 , and the inner ring wall 122 is disposed around the through hole 124 .
  • the outer ring wall 123 is fixed on the outer periphery of the bottom plate 121 , and the outer ring wall 123 surrounds the inner ring wall 122 .
  • the bottom plate 121 may have a first through hole 1211 and a second through hole 1212 arranged at intervals, and both the first through hole 1211 and the second through hole 1212 communicate with the accommodating space 125 .
  • the bottom plate 121 has a top surface 1213 facing the accommodating space 125 .
  • the base 12 may further include a first fixing portion 126 , a second fixing portion 127 and a plurality of connecting portions 128 protruding from the top surface 1213 of the bottom plate 121 .
  • the first fixing portion 126 and the second fixing portion 127 may include a base and a fixing column, the base is fixed on the top surface 1213 of the bottom plate 121 , and the fixing column is fixed on the top surface of the base.
  • a plurality of connecting parts 128 are arranged around the first through hole 1211, each connecting part 128 has a groove 1281, the opening of the groove 1281 is located on the top surface of the connecting part 128, and the groove 1281 can be a hemispherical space, a bowl-shaped space or other shapes of space.
  • the base 12 may further include a first annular boss 1291 and a second annular boss 1292 protruding from the top surface 1213 of the bottom plate 121 .
  • the first annular boss 1291 is arranged around the first through hole 1211
  • the second annular boss 1292 is disposed around the second through hole 1212 .
  • the connecting portion 128 located between the first through hole 1211 and the second through hole 1212 among the plurality of connecting portions 128 also has a positioning ring 1282 , the positioning ring 1282 is located on the top of the connecting portion 128 , and the positioning ring 1282 can surround the groove 1281 set up.
  • the inner ring wall 122 may have a first notch 1221 and a second notch 1222 spaced from the first notch 1221 . Both the first notch 1221 and the second notch 1222 communicate with the accommodating space 125 .
  • the inner annular wall 122 may further include a plurality of positioning blocks 1223 protruding from the top surface thereof, and the plurality of positioning blocks 1223 are arranged around the through hole 124 and spaced apart from each other.
  • the base 12 may be an integrally formed structural member. In some other embodiments, the base 12 may also be an integrated structure formed by assembling a plurality of structural components, which is not strictly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first dial 18 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the first dial 18 includes a rotating portion 181 , a first connecting portion 182 and a second connecting portion 183 .
  • the first paddle 18 may further include a paddle body 184, and the paddle body 184 includes a top surface 1841 and a bottom surface 1842 that are disposed opposite to each other.
  • the rotating portion 181 is protruded from the bottom surface 1842 of the dial body 184 , and the rotating portion 181 may include a rotating column.
  • the first connection portion 182 is protruded from the top surface 1841 of the dial body 184 , and the first connection portion 182 may include a support table and a connection column protruded from the top surface of the support table.
  • the second connection portion 183 may be formed on the side surface 1843 of the switch body 184 , and the side surface 1843 of the switch body 184 is located between the top surface 1841 of the switch body 184 and the bottom surface 1842 of the switch body 184 .
  • the second connecting portion 183 may be a gear structure.
  • the distance between the first connecting part 182 and the rotating part 181 is smaller than the distance between the second connecting part 183 and the rotating part 181 .
  • the first connecting part 182 and the second connecting part 183 may be located on both sides of the rotating part 181 , respectively.
  • the distance between the first connection part 182 and the rotation part 181 refers to the distance between the center of the first connection part 182 and the rotation center of the rotation part 181 on the vertical plane of the rotation center line of the rotation part 181; the second connection part
  • the distance between 183 and the rotation part 181 refers to the distance between the center of the second connection part 183 and the rotation center of the rotation part 181 on the vertical plane of the rotation center line of the rotation part 181 .
  • the dial body 184 may be substantially fan-shaped, the first connecting portion 182 may be fixed at or near the center of the dial body 184, and the second connecting portion 183 may be fixed on the outer arc surface (also near the center) of the dial body 184. That is, the side surface 1843), the rotating part 181 is fixed between the center of the circle and the outer arc surface of the main body 184 of the dial.
  • the second dial block 19 can adopt the same structure as the first dial block 18 to simplify the types of materials and reduce the design difficulty and cost.
  • the structure of the second dial block 19 is not described repeatedly.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a partial structure of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • two ends of the first SMA wire 16 are respectively connected to the first claws 1201 and the second claws 1202
  • two ends of the second SMA wire 17 are respectively connected to the third claws 1203 and the fourth claws 1204
  • Two ends of the return spring 110 are respectively connected to the second claw 1202 and the fourth claw 1204 .
  • the return spring 110, the second claw 1202 and the fourth claw 1204 may be integrally formed.
  • the middle portion of the return spring 110 may form a circular ring 1101 , and the middle portion and the end portion of the return spring 110 may be a bent connecting segment.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial structural schematic diagram 1 of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 9 cut along B-B.
  • the first dial 18 is mounted on the base 12 and is rotatably connected to the base 12 .
  • the rotating portion 181 of the first dial 18 can be mounted on the first through hole 1211 of the bottom plate 121 of the base 12 to connect the base 12 rotatably.
  • the dial body 184 of the first dial 18 abuts against the first annular boss 1291 , so that the contact area between the first dial 18 and the base 12 is small, which is beneficial to reduce the frictional force when the first dial 18 rotates relative to the base 12 .
  • the second dial 19 is installed on the base 12 and connected to the base 12 by rotation.
  • the connection structure of the second dial 19 and the base 12 can be referred to the connection structure of the first dial 18 and the base 12 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the first claws 1201 are mounted on the first fixing portion 126 of the base 12 , so that one end of the first SMA wire 16 is connected to the base 12 .
  • the second claw 1202 is connected to the first connecting portion 182 of the first shifting block 18 , so that the other end of the first SMA wire 16 is connected to the first connecting portion 182 .
  • the ring 1101 in the middle of the return spring 110 can be sleeved on the outer side of the positioning ring 1282 , so that the return spring 110 is connected to the base 12 . Since one end of the return spring 110 is connected to the first claw 1201 and the first claw 1201 is connected to the first connection portion 182 , the return spring 110 is connected to the first connection portion 182 and the base 12 . 9 and 10, when the first SMA wire 16 is energized and contracted, it can drive the first connecting portion 182 to rotate clockwise around the rotating portion 181, so that the second connecting portion 183 rotates clockwise around the rotating portion 181, and the first connecting portion 182 rotates clockwise around the rotating portion 181.
  • the dial block 18 rotates clockwise relative to the base 12, and the return spring 110 is elongated.
  • the elastic force of the return spring 110 causes the first dial 18 to rotate counterclockwise relative to the base 12 to achieve reset, and the first SMA wire 16 is elongated.
  • the third claws 1203 are mounted on the second fixing portion 127 of the base 12 , so that one end of the second SMA wire 17 is connected to the base 12 .
  • the fourth claw 1204 is connected to the second shifting block 19 , so that the other end of the second SMA wire 17 is connected to the second shifting block 19 .
  • the return spring 110 connects the fourth claw 1204 and the base 12 .
  • the two ends of the return spring 110 are respectively connected to the first dial block 18 and the second dial block 19 , and the middle part is connected to the base 12 .
  • the return spring 110 may also include two parts that are independent of each other, one of which is connected to the first shifting block 18 and the base 12 , and the other that is connected to the second shifting block 19 and the base 12 .
  • the application does not strictly limit the specific structure of the return spring 110 , the connection structure between the return spring 110 and the base 12 , and the connection structure between the return spring 110 and the first dial 18 and the second dial 19 .
  • the first magnetic member 1301 is fixed to the base 12 and disposed corresponding to the first SMA wire 16 , for example, can be fixed to the bottom plate 121 and arranged close to the first SMA wire 16 .
  • the second magnetic member 1302 is fixed on the base 12 and disposed corresponding to the second SMA wire 17 , for example, can be fixed on the bottom plate 121 and arranged close to the second SMA wire 17 .
  • the first magnetic member 1301 and the second magnetic member 1302 may be permanent magnets, so that the first magnetic member 1301 attracts the first SMA wire 16 and the second magnetic member 1302 attracts the second SMA wire 17, so as to prevent the SMA wire from loosening There is a wiggling phenomenon in the state.
  • the first magnetic member 1301 and the second magnetic member 1302 can also be electromagnets, which are used to attract the first SMA wire 16 and/or the second SMA wire 17 during certain periods of time and at other periods under the control of electrical signals. The first SMA wire 16 and/or the second SMA wire 17 are not attracted.
  • the plurality of balls 140 are respectively installed in the grooves 1281 of the plurality of connecting portions 128 of the base 12 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the turntable 14 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the turntable 14 includes a disk body 141 and a first matching portion 142 and a second matching portion 143 fixed on one side of the disk body 141 .
  • the disk body 141 is annular and has an inner through hole 144 .
  • the first matching portion 142 is spaced apart from the second matching portion 143 .
  • the first matching portion 142 may form a gear structure, and the second matching portion 143 may form a gear structure.
  • the turntable 14 may further include a plurality of guide portions 145 fixed on one side of the disk body 141 , and the plurality of guide portions 145 and the first matching portion 142 are located on the same side of the disk body 141 .
  • Each guide portion 145 includes a guide chute 1451 , the extending track of the guide chute 1451 may be arc-shaped, and the centers of the extending tracks of the guide chute 1451 of the plurality of guide portions 145 coincide.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the guide chute 1451 may be arc shape, bowl shape, trapezoid shape or U shape, etc.
  • FIG. 12 is a second partial structural diagram of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the turntable 14 is mounted on the base 12 and is rotatably connected to the base 12 .
  • the inner through hole 144 of the turntable 14 is disposed opposite to the through hole 124 of the base 12 .
  • the disk body 141 of the turntable 14 is disposed opposite to the bottom plate 121 of the base 12 , the plurality of balls 140 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of guide portions 145 , and each ball 140 is partially located in the guide chute 1451 of the corresponding guide portion 145 .
  • the turntable 14 and the base 12 are connected by the ball slide rails, so that the turntable 14 can rotate relative to the base 12 .
  • the ball slide rail may also have structures different from those in the foregoing embodiments, which are not strictly limited in this application.
  • the rotary connection between the turntable 14 and the base 12 may also be achieved through other structures, which are not strictly limited in this application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the structure shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the viewing angle of FIG. 13 is reversed relative to the viewing angle of FIG. 12 .
  • the first matching portion 142 of the turntable 14 is located at the first gap 1221 of the base 12 , and the first matching portion 142 is matched with the second connecting portion 183 of the first dial 18 , so that the turntable 14 can be rotated and connected to the second connection.
  • Section 183 Exemplarily, the gear structure of the second connection part 183 is meshed with the gear structure of the first matching part 142 of the turntable 14 , that is, the second connection part 183 is meshed with the turntable 14 , so that the first dial 18 is linked with the turntable 14 .
  • the linkage between the second connection portion 183 and the turntable 14 may also be achieved through interference fit.
  • the second matching portion 143 of the turntable 14 is located in the second gap 1222 of the base 12 .
  • the first dial 18 is linked with the turntable 14
  • the first SMA wire 16 is connected to the dial 14 through the first dial 18
  • the second dial 19 is linked with the dial 14
  • the second SMA wire 17 is connected by the second dial
  • the block 19 is connected to the turntable 14 , so the first SMA wire 16 and the second SMA wire 17 both have one end connected to the base 12 and the other end connected to the turntable 14 .
  • the first SMA wire 16 shrinks, the first turning block is driven to rotate, the first dial 18 turns the turntable 14 to rotate relative to the base 12, the second dial 19 is driven to rotate by the turntable 14, and the second SMA wire 17 is pulled long.
  • the second SMA wire 17 contracts, the turntable 14 is driven to rotate in the other direction, and the first SMA wire 16 is elongated.
  • first matching portion 142 and the second matching portion 143 of the turntable 14 are arranged using the gaps (1221, 1222) of the base 12, so as to reuse space with the base 12, improve the space utilization rate of the variable aperture 1, and is beneficial to The iris 1 is miniaturized.
  • FIG. 14 is a partial structural schematic diagram 3 of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 14 taken along C-C.
  • the plate 13 is mounted on the base 12 and is fixedly connected to the base 12 .
  • the platen 13 may be located in the inner through hole 144 of the turntable 14 , that is, the turntable 14 is arranged around the platen 13 .
  • the fixed plate 13 is annular, and the inner through hole 131 of the fixed plate 13 is disposed opposite to the through hole 124 of the base 12 .
  • the inner through hole 131 of the platen 13 and the through hole 124 of the base 12 may be coaxially disposed.
  • the plurality of positioning blocks 1223 of the base 12 can be embedded in the fixing plate 13 to limit the fixing plate 13 in the circumferential direction surrounding the through hole 124 .
  • the fixed plate 13 is fixed to the side of the inner ring wall 122 of the base 12 facing away from the bottom plate 121 .
  • the fixed plate 13 covers the first notch 1221 and the second gap 1222, so that the first matching portion 142 and the second matching portion 143 of the turntable 14 are limited between the fixed plate 13 and the bottom plate 121 of the base 12, and the turntable 14 can It rotates stably between the plate 13 and the base 12 .
  • the platen 13 includes a plurality of first fixing columns 132 , and the plurality of first fixing columns 132 are arranged in a ring at equal intervals.
  • the turntable 14 includes a plurality of second fixing columns 146 , and the plurality of second fixing columns 146 are arranged in a ring at equal intervals.
  • the number of the second fixing columns 146 is the same as the number of the first fixing columns 132 , and the plurality of second fixing columns 146 and the plurality of first fixing columns 132 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram 4 of a partial structure of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the shading disc 150 is fixed to the platen 13 , and the shading plate 150 is located on the side of the platen 13 facing away from the inner ring wall 122 of the base 12 .
  • the shading plate 150 is annular, and the inner through hole 1501 of the shading plate 150 is disposed opposite to the inner through hole 131 of the platen 13 .
  • the plurality of first fixing columns 132 of the platen 13 pass through the shielding disc 150 and protrude from the top surface of the shielding disc 150 .
  • variable aperture 1 may further include a plurality of spacers 170 , the number of spacers 170 is less than the number of the second fixing posts 146 , and the plurality of spacers 170 are sleeved on a part of the second fixing posts 146 .
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the blade 15 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the number of blades 15 of the variable aperture 1 may be five to ten, for example, six in this embodiment.
  • Each blade 15 includes a first end 15a and a second end 15b, the second end 15b being disposed opposite the first end 15a.
  • the first end portion 15a includes a rotation hole 151 and a guide hole 152 arranged at intervals.
  • the rotating hole 151 is a circular hole.
  • the guide hole 152 is a bar-shaped hole, and the extending track can be a straight line, an arc or other curves.
  • the second end portion 15b includes a first edge 153 disposed on the same side as the guide hole 152.
  • the shape of the first edge 153 may be a straight line, an arc, a combination of a straight line and an arc, a combination of a straight line and a straight line, or a combination of an arc and an arc.
  • the second end portion 15b may further include a second edge 154 , the second edge 154 is disposed opposite to the first edge 153 , and the second edge 154 is disposed on the same side as the guide hole 152 .
  • the second edge 154 may be recessed to form an escape notch 155 .
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram 5 of a partial structure of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the plurality of blades 15 are located on the same side of the platen 13 and the turntable 14 .
  • the plurality of blades 15 are distributed in an annular shape, and enclose the aperture hole 11 , and the aperture hole 11 is arranged opposite to the through hole 124 .
  • the first edge 153 of each blade 15 is a part of the hole wall of the aperture hole 11 .
  • the aperture hole 11 may be a circular hole. In some other embodiments, when the first edge 153 is a straight edge, the aperture hole 11 may be a polygonal hole.
  • each blade 15 is rotatably connected to the fixed plate 13 and slidably connected to the turntable 14 .
  • the first fixing column 132 of the plate 13 is inserted into the rotating hole 151 of the blade 15, so that the blade 15 can rotate relative to the plate 13;
  • the second fixing column 146 of the rotating plate 14 is inserted into the guide hole 152 of the blade 15, and can be rotated at The guide hole 152 slides so that the blade 15 can slide relative to the turntable 14 .
  • the same blade 15 is connected to the corresponding first fixing column 132 and the second fixing column 146 .
  • the second fixed column 146 slides in the guide hole 152, the second fixed column 146 drives the blade 15 to rotate around the first fixed column 132 and relative to the fixed plate 13, and the plurality of blades 15 are closed to make the aperture hole 11 is narrowed or opened so that the aperture hole 11 is enlarged.
  • a plurality of blades 15 can be stacked into two layers, the blades 15 stacked on the bottom layer can contact the turntable 14 and the platen 13, and the blades 15 stacked on the top layer can contact the gasket 170 (as shown in FIG. 16 ) and be stacked on the bottom layer
  • the blades 15 are elevated by spacers 170 and the blades 15 stacked on the bottom layer.
  • the avoidance notch 155 of the blade 15 is used to avoid the first fixing column 132 of the plate 13 adjacent thereto.
  • FIG. 19 is a partial structural diagram of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 3 in a use state.
  • FIG. 20 is a use state of the variable aperture 1 shown in FIG. 3 . Part of the structure diagram II. The state in FIG. 20 corresponds to the state in FIG. 19 .
  • one end of the first SMA wire 16 is connected to the base 12
  • the other end of the first SMA wire 16 is connected to the turntable 14 via the first dial 18
  • one end of the second SMA wire 17 is connected to the base 12
  • the second SMA wire is connected to the base 12 .
  • the other end of the 17 is connected to the turntable 14 via the second dial 19 .
  • the first SMA wire 16 in a state of use, is used to contract when energized, and when the first SMA wire 16 contracts, it drives the first connecting portion 182 of the first dial 18 to rotate clockwise around the rotating portion 181, so that the first SMA wire 16 is contracted.
  • the two connecting parts 183 rotate clockwise around the rotating part 181, and the dial 14 rotates counterclockwise relative to the fixed plate 13, that is, when the first SMA wire 16 shrinks, it drives the rotating plate 14 to rotate counterclockwise; each blade 15 is opposite to the fixed plate 13 rotates counterclockwise to achieve centripetal movement, and slides relative to the turntable 14, the plurality of blades 15 are closed, and the aperture of the aperture hole 11 is reduced.
  • the return spring 110 drives the first dial 18 to rotate counterclockwise, the first SMA wire 16 is elongated to the initial length, and the first dial 18 turns the turntable 14 clockwise to the initial position, The plurality of blades 15 are reset.
  • the second SMA wire 17 is used to contract when powered on, and when the second SMA wire 17 contracts, it drives the second dial 19 to rotate counterclockwise, and the second dial 19 rotates the turntable 14 .
  • the blades 15 are opened, and the aperture of the aperture hole 11 is enlarged.
  • the return spring 110 drives the second dial 19 to rotate clockwise, the second SMA wire 17 is stretched to the initial length, and the second dial 19 turns the dial 14 to the initial position counterclockwise.
  • the plurality of blades 15 are reset.
  • the first SMA wire 16 or the second SMA wire 17 is used to shrink when the power is turned on, so as to drive the turntable 14 to rotate relative to the fixed plate 13, each blade 15 rotates relative to the fixed plate 13 and slides relative to the turntable 14, and the aperture hole The aperture of 11 changes; the direction in which the first SMA wire 16 shrinks and drives the turntable 14 to rotate is opposite to the direction in which the second SMA wire 17 shrinks and drives the turntable 14 to rotate.
  • variable aperture 1 drives the turntable 14 to rotate relative to the fixed plate 13 through the first SMA wire 16 or the second SMA wire 17 , so that the plurality of blades 15 are closed or opened, and the aperture of the aperture hole 11 changes.
  • the driving mechanism of the iris 1 is less susceptible to electromagnetic interference, so that the aperture of the iris hole 11 of the iris 1 has a higher adjustment precision and better reliability.
  • the camera module 20 using the variable aperture 1 has higher imaging quality.
  • the iris 1 can save space in the length and width directions, which is beneficial to the miniaturization.
  • the length direction and the width direction are perpendicular to each other, and both are perpendicular to the center line of the aperture hole 11 .
  • the return spring 110 can reset the blade 15 after the power is turned off, so the iris 1 does not need to be powered on additionally, and power consumption can be saved, so that the power consumption of the iris 1 is lower than that of the iris 1. Small.
  • the aperture hole of the conventional variable aperture using a voice coil motor is likely to change little because the magnetic force of the magnet and the coil has an upper limit, that is, the change range of the aperture hole of the conventional variable aperture is limited.
  • the iris 1 is driven by the first SMA wire 16 or the second SMA wire 17 , and the aperture variation range of the aperture hole 11 of the iris 1 is not affected by the magnetic force of the magnet and the coil.
  • the first shifting block 18 can realize an enlarged stroke, and the first SMA wire
  • the turntable 14 can be rotated relative to the fixed plate 13 by the first dial 18 to rotate a large angle, so that the rotation angle of the blade 15 is large, and the aperture of the aperture hole 11 changes greatly.
  • the second dial 19 can also realize stroke enlargement, so that the aperture of the aperture hole 11 of the variable aperture 1 has a larger variation range, which is beneficial to improve the shooting quality of the camera module 30 using the variable aperture 1 and enrich the shooting scenes.
  • the turntable 14 can also be rotated clockwise when the first SMA wire 16 shrinks.
  • the turntable 14 is driven to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the distance between the first connecting portion 182 and the rotating portion 181 may also be equal to or greater than the distance between the second connecting portion 183 and the rotating portion 181 .
  • the first connecting portion 182 and the second connecting portion 183 may also be located on the same side of the rotating portion 181 , which is not strictly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • first SMA wire 16 and the second SMA wire 17 meet the condition that the direction in which the first SMA wire 16 shrinks and drives the turntable 14 to rotate is opposite to the direction in which the second SMA wire 17 shrinks and drives the turntable 14 to rotate.
  • the turntable 14 may also be connected in other ways, including direct connection and indirect connection, which are not strictly limited in this application.
  • the structure, position and connection relationship of the return spring 110 may also be different from those in the previous embodiments.
  • the return spring 110 may also be connected to the base 12 and the turntable 14, so that after the turntable 14 rotates relative to the fixed plate 13, it can It returns to the initial position under the elastic force of the return spring 110, which is not strictly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the lens 2 may be partially accommodated in the through hole 124 of the base 12 of the variable aperture 1 to be partially embedded in the variable aperture 1 , thereby reducing the thickness of the camera module 30 in the thickness direction. size, which is conducive to miniaturization.
  • the lens 2 may also be partially accommodated in the inner through hole 131 of the fixed plate 13 of the variable aperture 1 .
  • the lens 2 may have a top surface 21 and an annular protrusion 22 protruding from the top surface 21 .
  • the top surface 21 of the lens 2 may abut against the bottom surface of the platen 13 facing the through hole 124 , so that the lens 2 and the iris 1 can be limited in the thickness direction.
  • the lens 2 can be matched with the hole wall of the inner through hole 131 of the fixed plate 13 or the hole wall of the through hole 124 to realize the length and width directions of the variable aperture 1 . limit.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of the camera module 30 shown in FIG. 1 in other embodiments.
  • the camera module 30 of the present embodiment includes all or part of the features of the camera module 30 of the previous embodiment. The following mainly describes the differences between the camera module 30 of the present embodiment and the camera module 30 of the previous embodiment.
  • the peripheral side of the lens 2 may have a stepped surface 23 , and the stepped surface 23 is disposed facing the iris 1 .
  • the base 12 of the iris 1 can also be fixedly connected to the stepped surface 23 , so as to improve the connection stability of the iris 1 and the lens 2 .
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of the camera module 30 shown in FIG. 1 in still other embodiments.
  • the camera module 30 of this embodiment includes all or part of the features of the camera module 30 of the previous embodiment. The following mainly describes the differences between the camera module 30 of this embodiment and the camera module 30 of the previous embodiment.
  • the lens 2 includes a coaxially arranged first portion 2a and a second portion 2b.
  • the first portion 2a may include a first lens barrel and a first lens group mounted on the first lens barrel
  • the second portion 2b may include a second lens barrel and a second lens group mounted on the second lens barrel.
  • the optical axis of the second lens group coincides with the optical axis of the first lens group.
  • the aperture hole 11 of the variable aperture 1 is located between the first part 2a and the second part 2b.
  • the first part 2a can be installed on the motor 3, and the iris 1 can be installed on the lens 2 upside down, that is, the cover plate 160 is disposed toward the first part 2a, and the second part 2b can be accommodated in the through hole of the iris 1. in hole 124.
  • the aperture hole 11 of the variable aperture 1 is disposed between the first part 2a and the second part 2b, which can better meet the shooting requirements of the camera module 30 .
  • the lens 2 can achieve zooming through the first part 2a and the second part 2b.
  • the aperture hole 11 of the variable aperture 1 may also be arranged at other positions, which are not strictly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the lens 2 may also include more parts, which are not strictly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • variable aperture 1 and the lens 2 may also have other matching structures and positional relationships, which are not strictly limited in the embodiments of the present application.

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Abstract

一种可变光圈（1）、摄像头模组（20）及电子设备（100）。可变光圈（1）包括底座（12）、定盘（13）、转盘（14）、多个叶片（15）、第一SMA线（16）以及第二SMA线（17）。定盘（13）固定连接底座（12），转盘（14）转动连接底座（12）且环绕定盘（13）设置。多个叶片（15）呈环形分布，并合围出光圈孔（11），每个叶片（15）均转动连接于定盘（13）、且滑动连接于转盘（14）。第一SMA线（16）和第二SMA线（17）均一端连接底座（12），另一端连接转盘（14），第一SMA线（16）或第二SMA线（17）用于在通电时收缩，以带动转盘（14）相对定盘（13）转动，每个叶片（15）均相对定盘（13）转动且相对转盘（14）滑动，光圈孔（11）的孔径发生变化。第一SMA线（16）收缩带动转盘（14）转动的方向与第二SMA线（17）收缩带动转盘（14）转动的方向相反。可变光圈（1）的光圈孔（11）的孔径调节精度较高。

Description

可变光圈、摄像头模组及电子设备
本申请要求于2021年04月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为2021104759181、申请名称为“可变光圈、摄像头模组及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及拍摄技术领域，尤其涉及一种可变光圈、摄像头模组及电子设备。
背景技术
传统的摄像头模组设置有可变光圈，通过改变可变光圈的光圈孔的大小，可以调节入射光的光照强度，从而较大程度地提高摄像头模组的成像品质。目前的可变光圈主要是通过音圈马达(voice coil motor，VCM)驱动叶片移动，以调节光圈孔大小。由于音圈马达容易受到电磁干扰，导致可变光圈的光圈孔的孔径调节精度较差。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种可变光圈、摄像头模组及电子设备，可变光圈的光圈孔的孔径调节精度较高。
第一方面，本申请提供一种可变光圈，包括底座、定盘、转盘、多个叶片、第一SMA线以及第二SMA线。底座具有贯通孔。定盘固定连接底座，定盘呈环形且定盘的内侧通孔与贯通孔相对设置。转盘转动连接底座且环绕定盘设置。多个叶片位于定盘和转盘的同一侧，多个叶片呈环形分布，并合围出光圈孔，光圈孔与贯通孔相对设置，每个叶片均转动连接于定盘、且滑动连接于转盘。第一SMA线和第二SMA线均一端连接底座，另一端连接转盘，第一SMA线或第二SMA线用于在通电时收缩，以带动转盘相对定盘转动，每个叶片均相对定盘转动且相对转盘滑动，光圈孔的孔径发生变化。第一SMA线收缩带动转盘转动的方向与第二SMA线收缩带动转盘转动的方向相反。
在本申请中，可变光圈通过第一SMA线或第二SMA线驱动转盘相对定盘转动，使得多个叶片合拢或张开，光圈孔的孔径发生变化，相较于传统的音圈马达，可变光圈的驱动机构不易受到电磁干扰，使得可变光圈的光圈孔的孔径调节精度较高，可靠性较佳。
此外，由于采用SMA线驱动的驱动机构的部件体积小、排布紧凑，相较于传统的音圈马达，可变光圈可以节省长度方向和宽度方向上的空间，有利于可变光圈的小型化。其中，长度方向和宽度方向相互垂直，且均垂直于光圈孔的中心线。
一些可能的实现方式中，可变光圈还包括第一拨块，第一拨块包括转动部、第一连接部及第二连接部，转动部转动连接底座，第一SMA线连接第一连接部，转盘连接第二连接部。第一SMA线收缩时带动第一连接部绕转动部转动，使得第二连接部绕转动部转动且拨动转盘相对定盘转动。
其中，可变光圈还包括第二拨块，第二拨块转动连接底座，第二SMA线连接第二拨块，第二拨块还连接转盘。
在本实现方式中，第一拨块与转盘联动，第一SMA线经第一拨块连接转盘，第二拨块与 转盘联动，第二SMA线经第二拨块连接转盘，因此第一SMA线和第二SMA线均一端连接底座、另一端连接转盘。例如，当第一SMA线收缩时带动第一转块转动，第一拨块拨动转盘相对底座转动，第二拨块被转盘带动发生转动，第二SMA线被拉长。同样的，当第二SMA线收缩时，转盘被带动向另一方向转动，第一SMA线被拉长。
其中，第一拨块还可以包括拨块主体，拨块主体包括相背设置的顶面和底面。转动部凸设于拨块主体的底面，转动部可以包括转动柱。第一连接部凸设于拨块主体的顶面，第一连接部可以包括支撑台和凸设于支撑台的顶面的连接柱。第二连接部可以形成于拨块主体的侧面，拨块主体的侧面位于拨块主体的顶面与拨块主体的底面之间。
其中，可变光圈还包括第一卡爪、第二卡爪、第三卡爪以及第四卡爪。第一SMA线的两端分别连接第一卡爪和第二卡爪，第二SMA线的两端分别连接第三卡爪和第四卡爪。第一卡爪安装于底座，以使第一SMA线的一端连接底座。第二卡爪连接第一拨块的第一连接部，使得第一SMA线的另一端经第一拨块连接转盘。第三卡爪安装于底座，以使第二SMA线的一端连接底座。第四卡爪连接第二拨块，使得第二SMA线的另一端经第二拨块连接转盘。
一些可能的实现方式中，第二连接部与转盘啮合或过盈配合。例如，第二连接部包括齿轮结构，转盘包括齿轮结构，第二连接部的齿轮结构与转盘的齿轮结构啮合。
一些可能的实现方式中，第一连接部与转动部的间距小于第二连接部与转动部的间距。可以理解的是，传统的采用音圈马达的可变光圈的光圈孔，容易因磁铁和线圈的磁力具有上限而变化较小，也即传统可变光圈的光圈孔的变化范围有限。而在本申请中，可变光圈通过第一SMA线或第二SMA线实现驱动，可变光圈的光圈孔的孔径变化范围不会受磁铁和线圈的磁力的影响。此外，由于第一拨块的第一连接部与转动部的间距小于第二连接部与转动部之间的距离，因此第一拨块能够实现行程放大，第一SMA线收缩长度较小时，即可通过第一拨块拨动转盘相对定盘转动较大角度，使得叶片的转动角度较大，光圈孔的孔径变化较大。其中，第二拨块同样能够实现行程放大，使得可变光圈的光圈孔的孔径变化范围较大，有利于提升应用可变光圈的摄像头模组的拍摄质量、丰富拍摄场景。
一些可能的实现方式中，第一连接部和第二连接部分别位于转动部的两侧。示例性的，拨块主体可以大致呈扇形，第一连接部可以固定于拨块主体的圆心处或靠近圆心处设置，第二连接部可以固定于拨块主体的外侧弧面(也即侧面)，转动部固定于拨块主体的圆心与外侧弧面之间。
一些可能的实现方式中，可变光圈还包括复位弹簧，复位弹簧连接第一连接部与底座。由于可变光圈设置有复位弹簧，复位弹簧可以在断电后使得叶片复位，因此可变光圈无需额外上电，能够节省功耗，使得可变光圈的功耗较小。
示例性的，复位弹簧的两端可以分别连接第一拨块和第二拨块、中部连接底座。在其他一些实现方式中，复位弹簧也可以包括彼此独立的两个部分，其中一个部分连接第一拨块与底座，另一个部分连接第二拨块与底座。
其中，复位弹簧的两端可以分别连接第二卡爪和第四卡爪。其中，复位弹簧与第二卡爪及第四卡爪可以为一体成型结构。
一些可能的实现方式中，底座包括底板和内环壁，底板呈环状且环绕贯通孔，内环壁固定于底板的内周缘，内环壁设有第一缺口。转盘包括盘体以及固定于盘体一侧的第一配合部，盘体与底板相对设置，第一配合部位于第一缺口且与第二连接部配合。
在本实现方式中，转盘的第一配合部及第二配合部利用底座的缺口进行排布，从而与底座复用空间，提高可变光圈的空间利用率，有利于可变光圈小型化。
一些可能的实现方式中，定盘固定于内环壁背向底板的一侧，定盘覆盖第一缺口，使得转盘的第一配合部和第二配合部被限位在定盘与底座的底板之间，转盘能够在定盘与底座之间稳定转动。
一些可能的实现方式中，可变光圈还包括第一磁性件和第二磁性件，第一磁性件固定于底座且对应第一SMA线设置，第二磁性件固定于底座且对应第二SMA线设置。
示例性的，第一磁性件和第二磁性件可以为永磁铁，使得第一磁性件吸引第一SMA线、第二磁性件吸引第二SMA线，用于防止SMA线在松弛状态下出现窜动现象。或者，第一磁性件和第二磁性件也可以为电磁铁，用于在电信号控制下，在某些时段吸引第一SMA线和/或第二SMA线，在另一些时段不吸引第一SMA线和/或第二SMA线。
一些可能的实现方式中，每个叶片均包括第一端部和第二端部，第一端部包括间隔设置的转动孔和导向孔，第二端部包括第一边缘，第一边缘与导向孔同侧设置，第一边缘为光圈孔的孔壁的一部分。其中，第一边缘的形状可以是直线、弧线、直线与弧线的组合、直线与直线的组合或者弧线与弧线的组合。
定盘包括第一固定柱，第一固定柱插设于转动孔。转盘包括第二固定柱，第二固定柱插设于导向孔，且能够于导向孔中滑动。其中，转盘相对定盘转动时，第二固定柱在导向孔中滑动，第二固定柱带动叶片绕第一固定柱、相对定盘转动，多个叶片合拢使得光圈孔缩小或张开使得光圈孔扩大。
其中，多个叶片可以堆叠成两层，堆叠于底层的叶片可以接触转盘和定盘，堆叠于顶层的叶片则可以接触垫片和堆叠于底层的叶片，由垫片和堆叠于底层的叶片垫高。
一些可能的实现方式中，转盘与底座通过滚珠滑轨连接。示例性的，底座包括底板和凸设于底板的顶面的多个连接部，每个连接部均具有凹槽。可变光圈还包括多个滚珠，多个滚珠分别安装于多个连接部的凹槽中。转盘包括盘体和固定于盘体一侧的多个导向部，各导向部均包括导向滑槽，导向滑槽的延伸轨迹可以为弧形，多个导向部的导向滑槽的延伸轨迹的圆心重合。转盘的盘体与底座的底板相对设置，多个滚珠与多个导向部一一对应，各滚珠均部分位于对应的导向部的导向滑槽中。
一些可能的实现方式中，可变光圈还包括复位弹簧，复位弹簧连接底座与转盘。由于可变光圈设置有复位弹簧，复位弹簧可以在断电后使得转盘复位，从而使得叶片复位，因此可变光圈无需额外上电，能够节省功耗，使得可变光圈的功耗较小。
第二方面，本申请还提供一种摄像头模组，包括镜头和上述任一项的可变光圈，可变光圈固定于镜头，且可变光圈的光圈孔位于镜头的通光路径上。
在本申请中，由于可变光圈可以准确调节其光圈孔的孔径大小，因此可以调节经过镜头射入摄像头模组的图像传感器的入射光的光照强度，从而较大程度地提高摄像头模组的成像品质。
一些可能的实现方式中，光圈孔位于镜头的入光侧。其中，镜头可以部分嵌入可变光圈，从而减小摄像头模组于厚度方向上的尺寸，有利于实现小型化。
一些可能的实现方式中，镜头包括同轴设置的第一部分和第二部分，光圈孔位于第一部分与第二部分之间。其中，第一部分可以包括第一镜筒和安装于第一镜筒的第一透镜组，第二部分可以包括第二镜筒和安装于第二镜筒的第二透镜组。第二透镜组的光轴与第一透镜组的光轴重合。
在本实现方式中，可变光圈的光圈孔设于第一部分与第二部分之间能够更好地满足摄像头模组的拍摄需求。
第三方面，本申请还提供一种电子设备，包括图像处理器和上述任一项的摄像头模组，图像处理器与摄像头模组通信连接，图像处理器用于从摄像头模组获取图像数据，并处理图像数据。其中，由于摄像头模组具有较佳的成像品质，因此电子设备的用户使用体验较佳。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的电子设备在一些实施例中的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示摄像头模组在一些实施例中的结构示意图；
图3是图2所示摄像头模组的部分分解结构示意图；
图4是图2所示摄像头模组沿A-A处剖开的截面结构示意图；
图5是图3所示可变光圈的部分分解结构示意图；
图6是图5所示底座的结构示意图；
图7是图5所示第一拨块的结构示意图；
图8是图5所示可变光圈的部分结构的结构示意图；
图9是图3所示可变光圈的部分结构示意图一；
图10是图9所示结构沿B-B处剖开的结构示意图；
图11是图5所示转盘的结构示意图；
图12是图3所示可变光圈的部分结构示意图二；
图13是图12所示结构的内部结构示意图；
图14是图3所示可变光圈的部分结构示意图三；
图15是图14所示结构沿C-C处剖开的截面结构示意图；
图16是图3所示可变光圈的部分结构示意图四；
图17是图5所示叶片的结构示意图；
图18是图3所示可变光圈的部分结构示意图五；
图19是图3所示可变光圈在一种使用状态中的部分结构示意图一；
图20是图3所示可变光圈在一种使用状态中的部分结构示意图二；
图21是图1所示摄像头模组在另一些实施例中的结构示意图；
图22是图1所示摄像头模组在再一些实施例中的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。其中，在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“/”表示或的意思，例如，A/B可以表示A或B；文本中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况，另外，在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”是指两个或多于两个。术语“第一”、“第二”等用词仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为暗示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
本申请实施例中所提到的方位用语，例如，“内”、“外”、“侧”、“顶”、“底”等，仅是参考附图的方向，因此，使用的方位用语是为了更好、更清楚地说明及理解本申请实施例，而不是指示或暗指所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“设置在……上”应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是可拆卸地连接，也可以是不可拆卸地连接；可以是直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接连接。其中，“固定连接”是指彼此连接且连接后的相对位置关系不变。“转动连接”是指彼此连接且连接后能够相对转动。“滑动连接”是指彼此连接且连接后能够相对滑动。
请参阅图1，图1是本申请实施例提供的电子设备100在一些实施例中的结构示意图。电子设备100可以为手机、平板电脑(tablet personal computer)、膝上型电脑(laptop computer)、个人数码助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、照相机、个人计算机、笔记本电脑、车载设备、可穿戴设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)眼镜、AR头盔、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)眼镜或者VR头盔等具有摄像头模组的设备。图1所示实施例的电子设备100以手机为例进行阐述。
电子设备100包括壳体10、显示屏(图中未示出)、图像处理器20以及摄像头模组30。一些实施例中，壳体10包括边框101和后盖102。边框101与后盖102可以为一体成型结构，也可以通过组装方式形成一体式结构。显示屏和后盖102分别安装于边框101的两侧。
图像处理器20和摄像头模组30收容在壳体10内侧。图像处理器20与摄像头模组30通信连接，图像处理器20用于从摄像头模组30获取图像数据，并处理图像数据。其中，摄像头模组30与图像处理器20的通信连接可以包括通过走线等电连接方式进行数据传输，也可以通过耦合等方式实现数据传输。可以理解的是，摄像头模组30与图像处理器20还可以通过其它能够实现数据传输的方式实现通信连接。
图像处理器20的功能是通过一系列复杂的数学算法运算，对数字图像信号进行优化处理，最后把处理后的信号传到显示器上。图像处理器20可以是图像处理芯片或数字信号处理芯片，它的作用是将感光芯片获得的数据及时快速地传递给中央处理器并刷新感光芯片，因此图像处理器20芯片的好坏，直接影响画面品质(比如色彩饱和度、清晰度等)。
本实施例中，后盖102设有摄像孔1021，摄像头模组30可以通过摄像孔1021采集光线，以作为电子设备100的后置摄像头。示例性的，后盖102包括透光镜片，透光镜片安装于摄像孔1021，以允许光线穿过，并且能够防尘、防水。在其他一些实施例中，摄像头模组30也可以作为电子设备100的前置摄像头。
可以理解的是，图1所示实施例的电子设备100的摄像头模组30的安装位置仅仅是示意性的，本申请对摄像头模组30的安装位置不做严格限定。在一些其他的实施例中，摄像头模组30也可以安装于电子设备100的其他位置，例如摄像头模组30可以安装于电子设备100背面的上部中间或右上角。在一些其他的实施例中，电子设备100可以包括设备本体和能够相对设备本体转动、移动或拆卸的辅助部件上，摄像头模组30也可以设置在辅助部件上。
一些实施例中，电子设备100还可以包括模数转换器(也可称为A/D转换器，图中未示出)。模数转换器连接于摄像头模组30与图像处理器20之间。模数转换器用于将摄像头模组30产生的信号转换为数字图像信号并传输至图像处理器20，再通过图像处理器20对数字图像信号进行处理，最终通过显示屏进行图像或者影像显示。
一些实施例中，电子设备100还可以包括存储器(图中未示出)，存储器与图像处理器20通信连接，图像处理器20对图像数字信号加工处理以后再将图像传输至存储器中，以便于在后续需要查看图像时能够随时从存储中查找图像并在显示屏上进行显示。一些实施例中，图像处理器20还会对处理后的图像数字信号进行压缩，再存储至存储器中，以节约存储器空 间。
请结合参阅图2至图4，图2是图1所示摄像头模组30在一些实施例中的结构示意图，图3是图2所示摄像头模组30的部分分解结构示意图，图4是图2所示摄像头模组30沿A-A处剖开的截面结构示意图。
一些实施例中，摄像头模组30包括可变光圈1、镜头2、马达3、滤光片4、基座(ho lder)5、图像传感器6以及电路板7。其中，基座5固定于电路板7，图像传感器6固定于电路板7且位于基座5内侧。电路板7上还可以固定有多个元器件8，多个元器件8环绕图像传感器6设置。马达3安装于基座5，且位于图像传感器6背向电路板7的一侧。镜头2安装于马达3，马达3用于驱动镜头2移动或倾斜。其中，马达3可以为调焦马达和/或光学防抖马达。图像传感器6位于镜头2的像侧。滤光片4安装于基座5，且位于镜头2与图像传感器6之间。光线能够穿过镜头2照射到图像传感器6的成像面。
示例性的，摄像头模组30的工作原理为：被摄景物反射的光线通过镜头2生成光学图像投射到图像传感器6的成像面，图像传感器6将光学图像转为电信号即模拟图像信号并传输至模数转换器，以通过模数转换器转换为数字图像信号给图像处理器20。
其中，图像传感器6(也称为感光元件)是一种半导体芯片，表面包含有几十万到几百万的光电二极管，受到光照射时，会产生电荷。图像传感器6可以是电荷耦合器件(charge coupled device，CCD)，也可以是互补金属氧化物导体器件(complementary metal-oxide semiconductor，CMOS)。电荷藕合器件使用一种高感光度的半导体材料制成，能把光线转变成电荷。电荷藕合器件由许多感光单位组成，通常以百万像素为单位。当电荷藕合器件表面受到光线照射时，每个感光单位会将电荷反映在组件上，所有的感光单位所产生的信号加在一起，就构成了一幅完整的画面。互补金属氧化物导体器件主要是利用硅和锗这两种元素所做成的半导体，使其在互补金属氧化物导体器件上共存着带N(带-电)和P(带+电)级的半导体，这两个互补效应所产生的电流即可被处理芯片纪录和解读成影像。
镜头2影响成像质量和成像效果，其主要利用透镜的折射原理进行成像，即景物光线通过镜头2，在焦平面上形成清晰的影像，并通过位于焦平面上的图像传感器6记录景物的影像。
滤光片4用于消除投射到图像传感器6上的不必要的光线，防止图像传感器6产生伪色或波纹，以提高其有效分辨率和彩色还原性。示例性的，滤光片4可以为但不仅限于为蓝色玻璃滤光片。例如，滤光片4还可以为反射式红外滤光片，或者是双通滤光片。其中，双通滤光片可使环境光线中的可见光和红外光同时透过，或者使环境光线中的可见光和其他特定波长的光线(例如紫外光)同时透过，或者使红外光和其他特定波长的光线(例如紫外光)同时透过。
一些实施例中，可变光圈1固定于镜头2。可变光圈1具有光圈孔11，光圈孔11的孔径大小可调，光圈孔11位于镜头2的通光路径上。镜头2的通光路径为允许光线穿过的路径。例如，可变光圈1的光圈孔11可以位于镜头2的入光侧，外部光线经可变光圈1的光圈孔11后进入镜头2。通过改变可变光圈1的光圈孔11的孔径大小，可以调节经过镜头2射入图像传感器6的入射光的光照强度，从而较大程度地提高摄像头模组30的成像品质。
其中，可变光圈1可用于增加或者减小进入镜头2内的光通量。示例性的，当电子设备100在暗光条件下拍摄时，可变光圈1的光圈孔11可以调大，此时，进入镜头2内的光通量增多。当电子设备100在光线充足的条件下拍摄时，可变光圈1的光圈孔11可以调小，此时，进入镜头2内的光通量减少。
在其他一些实施例中，摄像头模组30也可以不包括马达3，镜头2固定在基座5上。
请参阅图5，图5是图3所示可变光圈1的部分分解结构示意图。
一些实施例中，可变光圈1可以包括底座12、定盘13、转盘14、多个叶片15、第一SMA(shape memory alloys，形状记忆合金)线16、第二SMA线17、第一拨块18、第二拨块19、复位弹簧110、第一卡爪1201、第二卡爪1202、第三卡爪1203、第四卡爪1204、第一磁性件1301、第二磁性件1302、多个滚珠140、遮光盘150以及盖板160。在其他一些实施例中，可变光圈1可以包括更多或更少的部件，或者，可以将部分部件进行组合或拆分。
如图3和图5所示，示例性的，盖板160固定于底座12的一侧，可变光圈1的其他结构安装于底座12与盖板160之间，盖板160及底座12可以构成可变光圈1的外观件，用于起到固定和保护作用。需要说明的是，在本实施例中，可变光圈1以盖板160所在一侧为“顶”，另一侧为“底”为例进行说明。
如图5所示，在本实施例中，叶片15的数量为六个。其中，每个叶片15的形状及大小均相同。故而，每个叶片15可以采用相同的标号，为了附图简洁，图5仅在其中一个叶片15进行标号。在其他实施例中，叶片15的数量不做限定。其中，多个叶片15的形状及大小也可以不同，具体形状及大小可以根据需求灵活设置。在本实施例中，多个滚珠140的标号方式与多个叶片15的标号方式相同，这里不再赘述。应理解，当下文出现部件/结构/组成的数量为多个时，该部件/结构/组成也可以参阅多个叶片15的标号方式，具体的下文将不再赘述。
请参阅图6，图6是图5所示底座12的结构示意图。
一些实施例中，底座12包括底板121、内环壁122及外环壁123，底座12具有贯通孔124。底板121呈环状，例如圆环状，底板121环绕贯通孔124设置。底板121包括相背设置的内周缘和外周缘，底板121的外周缘环绕底板121的内周缘设置。内环壁122固定于底板121的内周缘，内环壁122环绕贯通孔124设置。外环壁123固定于底板121的外周缘，外环壁123环绕内环壁122，外环壁123与内环壁122相对设置且两者之间形成容置空间125。
其中，底板121可以具有间隔设置的第一通孔1211和第二通孔1212，第一通孔1211和第二通孔1212均连通容置空间125。底板121具有面向容置空间125的顶面1213。底座12还可以包括凸设于底板121的顶面1213的第一固定部126、第二固定部127以及多个连接部128。其中，第一固定部126和第二固定部127均可以包括基台和固定柱，基台固定于底板121的顶面1213，固定柱固定于基台的顶面。多个连接部128环绕第一通孔1211排布，每个连接部128均具有凹槽1281，凹槽1281的开口位于连接部128的顶面，凹槽1281可以为半球形空间、碗状空间或其他形状的空间。其中，底座12还可以包括凸设于底板121的顶面1213的第一环形凸台1291和第二环形凸台1292，第一环形凸台1291环绕第一通孔1211设置，第二环形凸台1292环绕第二通孔1212设置。其中，多个连接部128中位于第一通孔1211与第二通孔1212之间的连接部128还具有定位环1282，定位环1282位于连接部128的顶部，定位环1282可以环绕凹槽1281设置。
其中，内环壁122可以具有第一缺口1221和与第一缺口1221间隔设置的第二缺口1222。第一缺口1221和第二缺口1222均连通容置空间125。内环壁122还可以包括凸设于其顶面的多个定位块1223，多个定位块1223环绕贯通孔124排布且彼此间隔。
其中，底座12可以为一体成型的结构件。在其他一些实施例中，底座12也可以是多个结构件通过组装形成一体化的结构，本申请实施例对此不做严格限定。
请参阅图7，图7是图5所示第一拨块18的结构示意图。
一些实施例中，第一拨块18包括转动部181、第一连接部182及第二连接部183。例如，第一拨块18还可以包括拨块主体184，拨块主体184包括相背设置的顶面1841和底面1842。转动部181凸设于拨块主体184的底面1842，转动部181可以包括转动柱。第一连接部182凸设于拨块主体184的顶面1841，第一连接部182可以包括支撑台和凸设于支撑台的顶面的连接柱。第二连接部183可以形成于拨块主体184的侧面1843，拨块主体184的侧面1843位于拨块主体184的顶面1841与拨块主体184的底面1842之间。示例性的，第二连接部183可以为齿轮结构。
示例性的，第一连接部182与转动部181的间距小于第二连接部183与转动部181的间距。第一连接部182和第二连接部183可以分别位于转动部181的两侧。其中，第一连接部182与转动部181的间距是指，在转动部181的转动中心线的垂直平面上，第一连接部182的中心与转动部181的转动中心的间距；第二连接部183与转动部181的间距是指，在转动部181的转动中心线的垂直平面上，第二连接部183的中心与转动部181的转动中心的间距。
例如，拨块主体184可以大致呈扇形，第一连接部182可以固定于拨块主体184的圆心处或靠近圆心处设置，第二连接部183可以固定于拨块主体184的外侧弧面(也即侧面1843)，转动部181固定于拨块主体184的圆心与外侧弧面之间。
其中，第二拨块19可以采用与第一拨块18相同的结构，以简化物料种类，降低设计难度和成本。本申请实施例对第二拨块19的结构不再赘述。
请参阅图8，图8是图5所示可变光圈1的部分结构的结构示意图。
一些实施例中，第一SMA线16的两端分别连接第一卡爪1201和第二卡爪1202，第二SMA线17的两端分别连接第三卡爪1203和第四卡爪1204。复位弹簧110的两端分别连接第二卡爪1202和第四卡爪1204。其中，复位弹簧110与第二卡爪1202及第四卡爪1204可以为一体成型结构。复位弹簧110的中部可以形成圆环1101，复位弹簧110的中部与端部之间可以为弯折的连接段。
请结合参阅图9和图10，图9是图3所示可变光圈1的部分结构示意图一，图10是图9所示结构沿B-B处剖开的结构示意图。
一些实施例中，第一拨块18安装于底座12且转动连接底座12。其中，第一拨块18的转动部181可以安装于底座12的底板121的第一通孔1211，以转动连接底座12。第一拨块18的拨块主体184抵持第一环形凸台1291，使得第一拨块18与底座12的接触面积较小，有利于降低第一拨块18相对底座12转动时的摩擦力。
其中，如图10所示，由于第一拨块18的转动部181位于第一连接部182与第二连接部183之间，第一连接部182和第二连接部183中的一者受力绕转动部181转动时，另一者亦绕转动部181转动。
同样的，第二拨块19安装于底座12且转动连接底座12，第二拨块19与底座12的连接结构可以参阅第一拨块18与底座12的连接结构，此处不再赘述。
其中，如图9和图10所示，第一卡爪1201安装于底座12的第一固定部126，以使第一SMA线16的一端连接底座12。第二卡爪1202连接第一拨块18的第一连接部182，使得第一SMA线16的另一端连接第一连接部182。
其中，如图9所示，复位弹簧110的中部的圆环1101可以套设于定位环1282的外侧，以使复位弹簧110连接底座12。由于复位弹簧110的一端连接第一卡爪1201，第一卡爪1201连接第一连接部182，因此复位弹簧110连接第一连接部182与底座12。结合参阅图9和图10，当第一SMA线16通电收缩时，可以带动第一连接部182绕转动部181顺时针转动，以使 第二连接部183绕转动部181顺时针转动，第一拨块18相对底座12顺时针转动，复位弹簧110被拉长。当第一SMA断电时，复位弹簧110的弹性力使得第一拨块18相对底座12逆时针转动以实现复位，第一SMA线16被拉长。
其中，如图9所示，第三卡爪1203安装于底座12的第二固定部127，以使第二SMA线17的一端连接底座12。第四卡爪1204连接第二拨块19，以使第二SMA线17的另一端连接第二拨块19。复位弹簧110连接第四卡爪1204与底座12。第二SMA线17和第二拨块19的动作参阅前文第一SMA线16和第一拨块18的相关描述。
可以理解的是，本实施例中，复位弹簧110的两端分别连接第一拨块18和第二拨块19、中部连接底座12。在其他一些实施例中，复位弹簧110也可以包括彼此独立的两个部分，其中一个部分连接第一拨块18与底座12，另一个部分连接第二拨块19与底座12。本申请不对复位弹簧110的具体结构、复位弹簧110与底座12的连接结构、复位弹簧110与第一拨块18及第二拨块19的连接结构等不做严格限定。
一些实施例中，如图9所示，第一磁性件1301固定于底座12且对应第一SMA线16设置，例如可以固定于底板121且靠近第一SMA线16排布。第二磁性件1302固定于底座12且对应第二SMA线17设置，例如可以固定于底板121且靠近第二SMA线17排布。
其中，第一磁性件1301和第二磁性件1302可以为永磁铁，使得第一磁性件1301吸引第一SMA线16、第二磁性件1302吸引第二SMA线17，用于防止SMA线在松弛状态下出现窜动现象。或者，第一磁性件1301和第二磁性件1302也可以为电磁铁，用于在电信号控制下，在某些时段吸引第一SMA线16和/或第二SMA线17，在另一些时段不吸引第一SMA线16和/或第二SMA线17。
其中，如图6和图9所示，多个滚珠140分别安装于底座12的多个连接部128的凹槽1281中。
请参阅图11，图11是图5所示转盘14的结构示意图。
一些实施例中，转盘14包括盘体141及固定于盘体141一侧的第一配合部142和第二配合部143。盘体141呈环形且具有内侧通孔144。第一配合部142与第二配合部143间隔设置。其中，第一配合部142可以形成齿轮结构，第二配合部143可以形成齿轮结构。
转盘14还可以包括固定于盘体141一侧的多个导向部145，多个导向部145与第一配合部142位于盘体141的同一侧。各导向部145均包括导向滑槽1451，导向滑槽1451的延伸轨迹可以为弧形，多个导向部145的导向滑槽1451的延伸轨迹的圆心重合。导向滑槽1451的横截面形状可以为弧形、碗形、梯形或U形等。
请结合参阅图9、图11以及图12，图12是图3所示可变光圈1的部分结构示意图二。
一些实施例中，转盘14安装于底座12且转动连接底座12。转盘14的内侧通孔144与底座12的贯通孔124相对设置。其中，转盘14的盘体141与底座12的底板121相对设置，多个滚珠140与多个导向部145一一对应，各滚珠140均部分位于对应的导向部145的导向滑槽1451中。此时，转盘14与底座12通过滚珠滑轨连接，使得转盘14能够相对底座12转动。在其他一些实施例中，滚珠滑轨也可以有不同于前述实施例的结构，本申请对此不做严格限定。在其他一些实施例中，转盘14与底座12之间也可以通过其他结构实现转动连接，本申请对此不做严格限定。
请结合参阅图12和图13，图13是图12所示结构的内部结构示意图。其中，图13所处视角相对图12所处视角进行了翻转。
一些实施例中，转盘14的第一配合部142位于底座12的第一缺口1221，第一配合部142 与第一拨块18的第二连接部183配合，以使转盘14转动连接第二连接部183。示例性的，第二连接部183的齿轮结构与转盘14的第一配合部142的齿轮结构啮合，也即第二连接部183与转盘14啮合，使得第一拨块18与转盘14联动。在其他一些实施例中，第二连接部183与转盘14之间也可以通过过盈配合实现联动。转盘14的第二配合部143位于底座12的第二缺口1222，第二配合部143与第二拨块19配合，第二配合部143与第二拨块19联动。
在本实施例中，第一拨块18与转盘14联动，第一SMA线16经第一拨块18连接转盘14，第二拨块19与转盘14联动，第二SMA线17经第二拨块19连接转盘14，因此第一SMA线16和第二SMA线17均一端连接底座12、另一端连接转盘14。例如，当第一SMA线16收缩时带动第一转块转动，第一拨块18拨动转盘14相对底座12转动，第二拨块19被转盘14带动发生转动，第二SMA线17被拉长。同样的，当第二SMA线17收缩时，转盘14被带动向另一方向转动，第一SMA线16被拉长。
此外，转盘14的第一配合部142及第二配合部143利用底座12的缺口(1221、1222)进行排布，从而与底座12复用空间，提高可变光圈1的空间利用率，有利于可变光圈1小型化。
请结合参阅图12、图14及图15，图14是图3所示可变光圈1的部分结构示意图三，图15是图14所示结构沿C-C处剖开的截面结构示意图。
一些实施例中，定盘13安装于底座12且固定连接底座12。其中，定盘13可以位于转盘14的内侧通孔144，也即，转盘14环绕定盘13设置。定盘13呈环形，且定盘13的内侧通孔131与底座12的贯通孔124相对设置，光线经定盘13的内侧通孔131进入底座12的贯通孔124。示例性的，定盘13的内侧通孔131与底座12的贯通孔124可以同轴设置。其中，底座12的多个定位块1223可以嵌入定盘13，以在环绕贯通孔124的周向上对定盘13进行限位。
其中，定盘13固定于底座12的内环壁122背向底板121的一侧。定盘13覆盖所述第一缺口1221和第二缺口1222，使得转盘14的第一配合部142和第二配合部143被限位在定盘13与底座12的底板121之间，转盘14能够在定盘13与底座12之间稳定转动。
一些实施例中，如图14所示，定盘13包括多个第一固定柱132，多个第一固定柱132等间距地呈环形排布。转盘14包括多个第二固定柱146，多个第二固定柱146等间距地呈环形排布。第二固定柱146的数量与第一固定柱132的数量相同，多个第二固定柱146与多个第一固定柱132一一对应设置。
请结合参阅图14和图16，图16是图3所示可变光圈1的部分结构示意图四。
一些实施例中，遮光盘150固定于定盘13，遮光盘150位于定盘13背向底座12的内环壁122的一侧。遮光盘150呈环形，遮光盘150的内侧通孔1501与定盘13的内侧通孔131相对设置，遮光盘150的内侧通孔1501的孔径小于定盘13的内侧通孔131的孔径。其中，定盘13的多个第一固定柱132穿过遮光盘150，且相对遮光盘150的顶面凸出。
一些实施例中，可变光圈1还可以包括多个垫片170，垫片170的数量少于第二固定柱146的数量，多个垫片170套设于部分第二固定柱146。
请结合参阅图5和图17，图17是图5所示叶片15的结构示意图。
一些实施例中，可变光圈1的叶片15数量可以为五片至十片，例如本实施例的六片。每个叶片15均包括第一端部15a和第二端部15b，第二端部15b与第一端部15a相背设置。第一端部15a包括间隔设置的转动孔151和导向孔152。其中，转动孔151为圆孔。导向孔152为条形孔，延伸轨迹可以为直线或弧线或其他曲线。第二端部15b包括第一边缘153，第一 边缘153与导向孔152同侧设置。其中，第一边缘153的形状可以是直线、弧线、直线与弧线的组合、直线与直线的组合或者弧线与弧线的组合。第二端部15b还可以包括第二边缘154，第二边缘154与第一边缘153相背设置，第二边缘154与导向孔152同侧设置。第二边缘154可以凹陷形成避让缺口155。
请参阅图18，图18是图3所示可变光圈1的部分结构示意图五。
一些实施例中，多个叶片15位于定盘13和转盘14的同一侧。多个叶片15呈环形分布，并合围出光圈孔11，光圈孔11与贯通孔124相对设置。其中，每个叶片15的第一边缘153均为光圈孔11的孔壁的一部分。示例性的，当第一边缘153为弧线边缘时，光圈孔11可以为圆形孔。在其他一些实施例中，当第一边缘153为直线边缘时，光圈孔11可以为多边形孔。
其中，每个叶片15均转动连接于定盘13、且滑动连接于转盘14。定盘13的第一固定柱132插设于叶片15的转动孔151，使得叶片15能够相对定盘13转动；转盘14的第二固定柱146插设于叶片15的导向孔152，且能够于导向孔152中滑动，使得叶片15能够相对转盘14滑动。同一叶片15连接对应的第一固定柱132和第二固定柱146。转盘14相对定盘13转动时，第二固定柱146在导向孔152中滑动，第二固定柱146带动叶片15绕第一固定柱132、相对定盘13转动，多个叶片15合拢使得光圈孔11缩小或张开使得光圈孔11扩大。
其中，多个叶片15可以堆叠成两层，堆叠于底层的叶片15可以接触转盘14和定盘13，堆叠于顶层的叶片15则可以接触垫片170(如图16所示)和堆叠于底层的叶片15，由垫片170和堆叠于底层的叶片15垫高。
其中，叶片15的避让缺口155用于避让与之相邻的定盘13的第一固定柱132。
请结合参阅图19和图20，图19是图3所示可变光圈1在一种使用状态中的部分结构示意图一，图20是图3所示可变光圈1在一种使用状态中的部分结构示意图二。其中，图20所处状态与图19所处状态相对应。
在本实施例中，第一SMA线16的一端连接底座12，第一SMA线16的另一端经第一拨块18连接转盘14，第二SMA线17的一端连接底座12，第二SMA线17的另一端经第二拨块19连接转盘14。
其中，在一种使用状态中，第一SMA线16用于在通电时收缩，第一SMA线16收缩时带动第一拨块18的第一连接部182绕转动部181顺时针转动，使得第二连接部183绕转动部181顺时针转动，且拨动转盘14相对定盘13逆时针转动，也即，第一SMA线16收缩时带动转盘14逆时针转动；每个叶片15均相对定盘13逆时针转动、实现向心运动，且相对转盘14滑动，多个叶片15合拢，光圈孔11的孔径缩小。第一SMA线16断电后，复位弹簧110带动第一拨块18逆时针转动，第一SMA线16被拉长至初始长度，第一拨块18拨动转盘14顺时针转至初始位置，多个叶片15复位。
可以理解的，在另一种使用状态中，第二SMA线17用于在通电时收缩，第二SMA线17收缩时带动第二拨块19逆时针转动，第二拨块19拨动转盘14相对定盘13顺时针转动，也即，第二SMA线17收缩时带动转盘14顺时针转动；每个叶片15均相对定盘13顺时针转动、实现离心运动，且相对转盘14滑动，多个叶片15张开，光圈孔11的孔径扩大。第二SMA线17断电后，复位弹簧110带动第二拨块19顺时针转动，第二SMA线17被拉长至初始长度，第二拨块19拨动转盘14逆时针转至初始位置，多个叶片15复位。
简言之，第一SMA线16或第二SMA线17用于在通电时收缩，以带动转盘14相对定盘13转动，每个叶片15均相对定盘13转动且相对转盘14滑动，光圈孔11的孔径发生变化；第一SMA线16收缩带动转盘14转动的方向与第二SMA线17收缩带动转盘14转动的方向相 反。
在本实施例中，可变光圈1通过第一SMA线16或第二SMA线17驱动转盘14相对定盘13转动，使得多个叶片15合拢或张开，光圈孔11的孔径发生变化，相较于传统的音圈马达，可变光圈1的驱动机构不易受到电磁干扰，使得可变光圈1的光圈孔11的孔径调节精度较高，可靠性较佳。此时，应用可变光圈1的摄像头模组20具有较高的成像品质。
此外，由于采用SMA线驱动的驱动机构的部件体积小、排布紧凑，相较于传统的音圈马达，可变光圈1可以节省长度方向和宽度方向上的空间，有利于可变光圈1的小型化。其中，长度方向和宽度方向相互垂直，且均垂直于光圈孔11的中心线。
此外，由于可变光圈1设置有复位弹簧110，复位弹簧110可以在断电后使得叶片15复位，因此可变光圈1无需额外上电，能够节省功耗，使得可变光圈1的功耗较小。
可以理解的是，传统的采用音圈马达的可变光圈的光圈孔，容易因磁铁和线圈的磁力具有上限而变化较小，也即传统可变光圈的光圈孔的变化范围有限。而在本申请中，可变光圈1通过第一SMA线16或第二SMA线17实现驱动，可变光圈1的光圈孔11的孔径变化范围不会受磁铁和线圈的磁力的影响。此外，由于第一拨块18的第一连接部182与转动部181的间距小于第二连接部183与转动部181之间的距离，因此第一拨块18能够实现行程放大，第一SMA线16收缩长度较小时，即可通过第一拨块18拨动转盘14相对定盘13转动较大角度，使得叶片15的转动角度较大，光圈孔11的孔径变化较大。其中，第二拨块19同样能够实现行程放大，使得可变光圈1的光圈孔11的孔径变化范围较大，有利于提升应用可变光圈1的摄像头模组30的拍摄质量、丰富拍摄场景。
在其他一些实施例中，通过改变第一SMA线16与转盘14的连接结构、第二SMA线17与转盘14的连接结构，也可以使第一SMA线16收缩时带动转盘14顺时针转动，第二SMA线17收缩时带动转盘14逆时针转动。
在其他一些实施例中，第一连接部182与转动部181的间距也可以等于或大于第二连接部183与转动部181的间距。在其他一些实施例中，第一连接部182和第二连接部183也可以位于转动部181的同侧，本申请实施例对此不做严格限定。
在其他一些实施例中，在满足第一SMA线16收缩带动转盘14转动的方向与第二SMA线17收缩带动转盘14转动的方向相反的情况下，第一SMA线16和第二SMA线17也可以通过其他方式连接转盘14，包括直接连接和间接连接的方式，本申请对此不做严格限定。
在其他一些实施例中，复位弹簧110的结构、位置及连接关系也可以与前文实施例不同，例如，复位弹簧110也可以连接底座12与转盘14，使得转盘14相对定盘13转动后，能够在复位弹簧110的弹性力下回复至初始位置，本申请实施例对此不做严格限定。
请再次参阅图4，一些实施例中，镜头2可以部分收容于可变光圈1的底座12的贯通孔124中，以部分嵌入可变光圈1，从而减小摄像头模组30于厚度方向上的尺寸，有利于实现小型化。其中，镜头2还可以部分收容于可变光圈1的定盘13的内侧通孔131中。例如，镜头2可以具有顶面21及凸设于顶面21的环形凸起22，环形凸起22收入能够与定盘13的内侧通孔131中。
示例性的，镜头2的顶面21可以抵持定盘13的朝向贯通孔124的底面，使得镜头2与可变光圈1在厚度方向上实现限位。其中，镜头2可以通过与定盘13的内侧通孔131的孔壁之间的配合、或者通过与贯通孔124的孔壁之间配合，实现与可变光圈1在长度方向和宽度方向上的限位。
请参阅图21，图21是图1所示摄像头模组30在另一些实施例中的结构示意图。本实施 例的摄像头模组30包括前文实施例的摄像头模组30的全部或部分特征，以下主要描述本实施例的摄像头模组30与前文实施例的摄像头模组30的不同之处。
一些实施例中，镜头2的周侧可以具有台阶面23，台阶面23面向可变光圈1设置。其中，可变光圈1固定于镜头2时，可变光圈1的底座12还可以固定连接台阶面23，以提高可变光圈1与镜头2的连接稳定性。
请参阅图22，图22是图1所示摄像头模组30在再一些实施例中的结构示意图。本实施例的摄像头模组30包括前文实施例的摄像头模组30的全部或部分特征，以下主要描述本实施例的摄像头模组30与前文实施例的摄像头模组30的不同之处。
一些实施例中，镜头2包括同轴设置的第一部分2a和第二部分2b。其中，第一部分2a可以包括第一镜筒和安装于第一镜筒的第一透镜组，第二部分2b可以包括第二镜筒和安装于第二镜筒的第二透镜组。第二透镜组的光轴与第一透镜组的光轴重合。
可变光圈1的光圈孔11位于第一部分2a与第二部分2b之间。示例性的，第一部分2a可以安装于马达3，可变光圈1可以倒置地安装于镜头2，也即，盖板160朝向第一部分2a设置，第二部分2b可以收容于可变光圈1的贯通孔124中。在本实施例中，可变光圈1的光圈孔11设于第一部分2a与第二部分2b之间能够更好地满足摄像头模组30的拍摄需求。示例性的，镜头2可以通过第一部分2a和第二部分2b实现变焦。
在其他一些实施例中，可变光圈1的光圈孔11也可以排布在其他位置，本申请实施例对此不做严格限定。在其他一些实施例中，镜头2也可以包括更多部分，本申请实施例对此不做严格限定。
可以理解的是，在其他一些实施例中，可变光圈1与镜头2也可以有其他配合结构和位置关系，本申请实施例对此不做严格限定。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，包括：
    底座(12)，具有贯通孔(124)；
    定盘(13)，固定连接所述底座(12)，所述定盘(13)呈环形且所述定盘(13)的内侧通孔(131)与所述贯通孔(124)相对设置；
    转盘(14)，转动连接所述底座(12)且环绕所述定盘(13)设置；
    多个叶片(15)，位于所述定盘(13)和所述转盘(14)的同一侧，多个所述叶片(15)呈环形分布，并合围出光圈孔(11)，所述光圈孔(11)与所述贯通孔(124)相对设置，每个所述叶片(15)均转动连接于所述定盘(13)、且滑动连接于所述转盘(14)；以及，
    第一SMA线(16)和第二SMA线(17)，所述第一SMA线(16)和所述第二SMA线(17)均一端连接所述底座(12)，另一端连接所述转盘(14)，所述第一SMA线(16)或所述第二SMA线(17)用于在通电时收缩，以带动所述转盘(14)相对所述定盘(13)转动，每个所述叶片(15)均相对所述定盘(13)转动且相对所述转盘(14)滑动，所述光圈孔(11)的孔径发生变化；所述第一SMA线(16)收缩带动所述转盘(14)转动的方向与第二SMA线(17)收缩带动所述转盘(14)转动的方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述可变光圈(1)还包括第一拨块(18)，所述第一拨块(18)包括转动部(181)、第一连接部(182)及第二连接部(183)，所述转动部(181)转动连接所述底座(12)，所述第一SMA线(16)连接所述第一连接部(182)，所述转盘(14)连接所述第二连接部(183)；
    所述第一SMA线(16)收缩时带动所述第一连接部(182)绕所述转动部(181)转动，使得所述第二连接部(183)绕所述转动部(181)转动且拨动所述转盘(14)相对所述定盘(13)转动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述第二连接部(183)与所述转盘(14)啮合或过盈配合。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述第一连接部(182)与所述转动部(181)的间距小于所述第二连接部(183)与所述转动部(181)的间距。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述第一连接部(182)和所述第二连接部(183)分别位于所述转动部(181)的两侧。
  6. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述可变光圈(1)还包括复位弹簧(110)，所述复位弹簧(110)连接所述第一连接部(182)与所述底座(12)。
  7. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述底座(12)包括底板(121)和内环壁(122)，所述底板(121)呈环状且环绕所述贯通孔(124)，所述内环壁(122)固定于所述底板(121)的内周缘，所述内环壁(122)设有第一缺口(1221)；
    所述转盘(14)包括盘体(141)以及固定于所述盘体(141)一侧的第一配合部(142)，所述盘体(141)与所述底板(121)相对设置，所述第一配合部(142)位于所述第一缺口(1221)且与所述第二连接部(183)配合。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述定盘(13)固定于所述内环壁(122)背向所述底板(121)的一侧，所述定盘(13)覆盖所述第一缺口(1221)。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述可变光圈(1) 还包括第一磁性件(1301)和第二磁性件(1302)，所述第一磁性件(1301)固定于所述底座(12)且对应所述第一SMA线(16)设置，所述第二磁性件(1302)固定于所述底座(12)且对应所述第二SMA线(17)设置。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，每个所述叶片(15)均包括第一端部(15a)和第二端部(15b)，所述第一端部(15a)包括间隔设置的转动孔(151)和导向孔(152)，第二端部(15b)包括第一边缘(153)，所述第一边缘(153)与所述导向孔(152)同侧设置，所述第一边缘(153)为所述光圈孔(11)的孔壁的一部分；
    所述定盘(13)包括第一固定柱(132)，所述第一固定柱(132)插设于所述转动孔(151)；
    所述转盘(14)包括第二固定柱(146)，所述第二固定柱(146)插设于所述导向孔(152)，且能够于所述导向孔(152)中滑动。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述转盘(14)与所述底座(12)通过滚珠滑轨连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的可变光圈(1)，其特征在于，所述可变光圈(1)还包括复位弹簧(110)，所述复位弹簧(110)连接所述底座(12)与所述转盘(14)。
  13. 一种摄像头模组(30)，其特征在于，包括镜头(2)和权利要求1至12中任一项所述的可变光圈(1)，所述可变光圈(1)固定于所述镜头(2)，且所述可变光圈(1)的光圈孔(11)位于所述镜头(2)的通光路径上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的摄像头模组(30)，其特征在于，所述光圈孔(11)位于所述镜头(2)的入光侧；或者，
    所述镜头(2)包括同轴设置的第一部分(2a)和第二部分(2b)，所述光圈孔(11)位于所述第一部分(2a)与所述第二部分(2b)之间。
  15. 一种电子设备(100)，其特征在于，包括图像处理器(20)和权利要求13或14所述的摄像头模组(30)，所述图像处理器(20)与所述摄像头模组(30)通信连接，所述图像处理器(20)用于从所述摄像头模组(30)获取图像数据，并处理所述图像数据。
PCT/CN2022/087949 2021-04-29 2022-04-20 可变光圈、摄像头模组及电子设备 WO2022228238A1 (zh)

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