WO2022222837A1 - 铰削孔加工刀具 - Google Patents

铰削孔加工刀具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022222837A1
WO2022222837A1 PCT/CN2022/086777 CN2022086777W WO2022222837A1 WO 2022222837 A1 WO2022222837 A1 WO 2022222837A1 CN 2022086777 W CN2022086777 W CN 2022086777W WO 2022222837 A1 WO2022222837 A1 WO 2022222837A1
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Prior art keywords
calibration
hole machining
machining tool
reaming
reaming hole
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PCT/CN2022/086777
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙思叡
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上海名古屋精密工具股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022222837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022222837A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D2277/62—Margins, i.e. the area on the circumference of the tool immediately behind the axial cutting edge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hole machining tool, in particular to a tool for implementing precision machining, which is used for reaming hole machining containing non-ferrous metal materials.
  • a reamer is a tool that removes the surface material of the machined hole by rotary cutting, and implements hole reaming or hole repairing, so as to improve the machining accuracy of the hole and reduce the surface roughness. It includes a working part and a shank, the working part has the functions of cutting and calibration, and the diameter of the calibration place has a reverse taper. Usually has one or more cutting edges, such as straight or helical.
  • the surface quality problems of inner holes which are dominated by advance and retreat tool lines, occur from time to time.
  • the specific solutions are various, such as: reducing the cutting speed, selecting cutting fluid according to the processing material, appropriately reducing the entering angle, correcting the cutting edge. Grind the reamer edge, appropriately reduce the reaming allowance, improve the position accuracy and quality of the bottom hole before reaming, or increase the reaming allowance, sharpen the width of the blade, reduce the number of reamer teeth, increase the space of the chip flute, and use the cutting edge.
  • the existing technologies mainly include: using an adjustable single-edge reamer to replace the usual reamer, that is, using an arc-shaped reamer
  • the outer peripheral support block and the outer peripheral cutting part of the right relief angle are used to replace the outer peripheral land part of the arc surface; the radial width of the cylindrical calibration part is optimized, such as: increasing the width of the land or reducing the width of the land.
  • multi-segment guide taper edge that is, a segment of the cutting edge connected to the cylinder and the calibration part often uses a small guide taper angle or an arc-shaped edge instead of the guide taper edge.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a tool for reaming hole machining of non-ferrous metals, eliminating the infeed pattern on the hole wall and reducing the roughness of the hole wall.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a tool for reaming hole processing of non-ferrous metals, reducing fog surface and improving hole wall smoothness.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a tool for reaming hole processing of aluminum alloy metal, so that it exhibits a bright silvery white luster.
  • the metal system is composed of metal elements, most of which are excellent conductors of electricity and heat, with ductility, high density and high melting point.
  • metal elements most of which are excellent conductors of electricity and heat, with ductility, high density and high melting point.
  • most of the names of these elements have "golden characters” radicals (radicals).
  • Non-ferrous alloys are metals, usually referring to all metals except iron, chromium and manganese, such as: aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony , mercury, cadmium, bismuth, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, beryllium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium , thallium, germanium, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutet
  • a tool includes a shank part that can be mounted on a mechanical device, an axis arranged along the axial direction of the shank part, a cutting part for performing reaming hole processing, and a calibration part, and also includes a leading calibration part, which is arranged before the calibration part , after the cutting part.
  • a specific embodiment of the tool of the present invention from the end face located in the feeding direction of the tool reaming hole machining to the axial direction of the shank, a cutting part, a leading calibration part and a calibration part are arranged in sequence, and the leading calibration part is axially arranged.
  • the two ends are respectively connected with the cutting part and the calibration part.
  • the cutting portion includes at least two or more blades and an end face in the feeding direction.
  • the line of intersection at the cutting edge formed by the cutting portion and the radial surface is a straight line, an arc or a combination thereof. When the intersection line at the cutting edge is a straight line, it is inclined to the axial direction, forming a taper.
  • the calibration part whose outer periphery is a land, is also provided with a reverse taper of BT0.02/100 to 0.3/100 (that is, on the tool, the diameter at the front end in the feeding direction is larger than the diameter at the rear end).
  • the land does not cut the material, but squeezes and rubs the material on both sides of the tool feed direction, which is usually located on a different part of the tool than the edge.
  • the land is also part of the radial outer circle of the tool.
  • the alignment intersection line formed by the peripheral side wall of the leading alignment portion on the radial plane is inclined to the axis, and the intersection angle is less than 90°.
  • the distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line and the axis is 0.001mm ⁇ 0.03mm, preferably 0.002mm ⁇ 0.008mm, especially 0.002mm ⁇ 0.003mm.
  • the peripheral side wall of the leading alignment part forms many alignment intersecting lines on the radial plane, and these alignment intersecting lines constitute the peripheral sidewall contour of the leading alignment portion, that is, the outer periphery of the leading alignment portion is also a margin, and the leading alignment portion has Positive taper.
  • the distance from one end of the calibration intersection line to the reference plane is 0.05mm to 1.5mm, preferably 0.2mm to 0.5mm, especially 0.2mm to 0.3mm.
  • the reference plane is a plane orthogonal to the axis on which the other end of the calibration intersection line also falls.
  • the tool of the present invention is used to perform reaming hole processing, and the machined hole is a so-called straight hole in industrial production. That is, due to objective errors in processing and measurement, it is usually only approaching parallelism.
  • the tool of the present invention is used for the reaming of holes, especially the reaming of holes formed on metal materials, reducing or eliminating the infeed pattern on the hole wall, the hole wall is smooth, and the roughness reaches below Ra0.5 , showing a bright and uniform silver-white luster.
  • the tool of the present invention adopts the leading alignment part, which can be applied to most reamers, and can stably obtain a bright hole wall without cutting lines during its use, and improve the reaming of non-tapered holes of metal materials, especially aluminum alloy materials.
  • the quality of the hole wall of the hole processing, the machined hole wall is not white (microscopically, it belongs to the tool's strain on the hole wall), no yellowing (microscopically, it belongs to the excessive extrusion of the hole wall by the tool), and no blackening (microscopically, it belongs to the hole wall). Excessive extrusion and strain on the wall), and no matte surface (microscopically, it belongs to the knife pattern is too heavy, the knife sticks and the strain).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a tool for implementing reaming hole machining according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the enlarged schematic diagram at "P" shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment at "P" in Figure 1;
  • FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment at "P" in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of concentric straight hole reaming tools used on an aluminum alloy casting.
  • the forming reamer is used to process multiple concentric straight holes on the aluminum alloy casting.
  • the advantage of using the forming reamer is that several holes are formed at one time, which not only reduces the processing time exponentially, but also can ignore the machine tool.
  • the repeatability directly guarantees the geometric tolerance requirements such as the concentricity of each hole. It is an advanced tool with high efficiency and low cost.
  • the diameters of ⁇ 4.582mm and ⁇ 7.536mm are located at the first and second steps of the tool, that is, the tip of the tool.
  • the hole wall processed by these two steps always has a circular processing knife pattern. Through microscope observation, the spacing of the circle pattern is equivalent to the feeding step, and it is preliminarily judged as the feeding pattern.
  • various solutions in the following table 1 are tested at the same time, and the main improvement points and test results are shown in the following table 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a tool for performing reaming hole machining according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the position P shown in FIG. 1
  • the tool of this embodiment is used for reaming a non-tapered hole in a metal material, and includes a shank 100 that can be mounted on a rotating machine, a shank 100 extending along the longitudinal direction of the shank 100 .
  • the axis 200 , a cutting body 300 includes a cutting portion 310 , a leading alignment portion 320 and a alignment portion 330 .
  • the cutting part 310, the leading calibration part 320 and the calibration part 330 are arranged in order from the end face 340 in the feeding direction of the tool reaming hole machining to the axial direction of the shank, and the two ends of the leading calibration part 320 in the axial direction are respectively connected with the cutting part. 310 is connected to the calibration part 320 .
  • the cutting portion 310 includes at least two or more blades, and the intersection line 311 of the cutting portion 310 and the cutting edge formed by the radial surface is a straight line, an arc or a combination thereof (see FIGS. 3 and 4 ).
  • the intersection line at the cutting edge is a straight line, it is inclined to the axial direction, forming a taper.
  • the calibration part 330 whose outer periphery is a land, is also provided with a reverse taper of BT0.02/100 to 0.3/100 (that is, on the tool, the diameter at the front end in the feeding direction is larger than the diameter at the rear end).
  • the land does not cut the material, but squeezes and rubs the material on both sides of the tool feed direction, which is usually located on a different part of the tool than the edge.
  • the land is also part of the radial outer circle of the tool.
  • the alignment intersection 321 formed by the peripheral side wall of the leading alignment portion 320 on the radial plane is inclined to the axis, and the intersection angle is less than 90°.
  • the distance difference H between the two ends of the calibration intersection line 321 and the axis is 0.001mm-0.03mm, preferably 0.002mm-0.008mm, especially 0.002mm-0.003mm.
  • the peripheral side wall of the leading alignment part forms a plurality of alignment intersecting lines 321 on the radial plane, and these alignment intersecting lines constitute the contour of the peripheral side wall of the leading alignment portion.
  • the leading calibration part 320 has a positive taper, such as a circular frustum.
  • the distance D from one end of the calibration intersection line 321 to the reference plane 400 is 0.05mm-1.5mm, preferably 0.2mm-0.5mm, especially 0.2mm-0.3mm.
  • the reference plane is a plane orthogonal to the axis on which the other end of the calibration intersection line also falls.
  • the leading calibration part 320 first irons the cutting surface formed by the cutting part to eliminate the infeed pattern, so as to obtain a smooth and uniform cutting-quasi-extrusion polishing surface, and then uses the subsequent calibration part 330 to align the cutting surface. Cutting of the feed ring pattern - quasi-extrusion polished surface for processing to complete the reaming operation.
  • the leading calibration parts 320 of different specifications are respectively arranged on the reamer, as follows:
  • the distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line 321 and the axis is 0.003mm, and the distance D from one end of the calibration intersection line 321 to the reference plane is 0.2mm, which is recorded as: 0.2 ⁇ 0.003 leading calibration part;
  • the distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line 321 and the axis is 0.006mm, and the distance D from one end of the calibration intersection line 321 to the reference plane is 0.2mm, denoted as: 0.2 ⁇ 0.006 leading calibration part;
  • the distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line 321 and the axis is 0.003mm, and the distance D from one end of the calibration intersection line 321 to the reference plane is 0.3mm, denoted as: 0.3 ⁇ 0.003 leading calibration part,
  • the ADC series die-casting aluminum alloy holes were reamed, and the results are shown in Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5 below.
  • Dp is the cutting allowance
  • F is the feed rate
  • S is the tool speed.
  • the machining quality of the hole can be remarkably improved by arranging the leading alignment part of this embodiment, that is, the hole wall is bright, without cutting lines and without strain.
  • the tool of the present invention adopts the leading alignment part, which can be applied to most reamers, and can stably obtain a bright hole wall without cutting lines during its use, and improve the reaming of non-tapered holes of metal materials, especially aluminum alloy materials.
  • the quality of the hole wall of the hole processing, the machined hole wall is not white (microscopically, it belongs to the tool's strain on the hole wall), no yellowing (microscopically, it belongs to the excessive extrusion of the hole wall by the tool), and no blackening (microscopically, it belongs to the hole wall). Excessive extrusion and strain on the wall), and no matte surface (microscopically, the knife pattern is too heavy, the knife sticks and the strain).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

一种铰削孔加工刀具，包括可安装到旋转机械上的柄部（100）、一条沿柄部（100）的纵向延伸的轴线（200），以及实施切削加工的切削部（310），其包括进给方向上的端面。位于刀具铰削孔加工的进给方向的端面至柄部（100）的轴向上，依次设置切削部（310）、前导校准部（320）和校准部（330），前导校准部（320）沿轴向的两端分别与切削部（310）和校准部（330）相接。前导校准部（320）的周侧壁于径向面上所成的校准交线倾斜于轴线（200），交角小于90°。铰削孔加工刀具，用于实施孔的铰削加工，尤其是在金属材料上所成孔的铰削加工，减少或消除孔壁上的进刀纹，孔壁光滑，粗糙度达到Ra0.5以下，呈光亮均一的银白色泽。

Description

铰削孔加工刀具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种孔加工工具，尤其涉及一种实施精密机加工的刀具，用于含有色金属材料的铰削孔加工。
背景技术
铰刀是一种以旋转切削方式切除已加工孔表层材料，实施扩孔或修孔的刀具，以提高孔的加工精度，降低表面的粗糙度。其包括工作部及柄部，工作部分起到切削和校准功能，校准处的直径有倒锥度。通常具有一个或多个刀刃，形状如：直线形或螺旋形。
在孔加工中，以进退刀纹为主的内孔表面质量问题时有发生，具体解决措施不一而足，比如：降低切削速度、根据加工材料选择切削液，适当减少主偏角、正确刃磨铰刀刃口、适当减少铰孔余量、提高铰孔前底孔位置精度与质量或增加铰孔余量、修磨刃带宽度、减少铰刀齿数量、加大容屑槽空间、采用刃倾角、刃磨时把磨削区磨去、在刃磨/使用/运输中采取保护措施、使用油石修复铰刀，以及前角采用5°～10°等手段。
由此可见，如何减少孔壁粗糙度，以及稳定获得孔壁粗糙度一直是铰刀制造中需要解决的技术问题。除了诸如前述在铰刀使用和制造生产等方面采用的技术手段外，从铰刀的优化设计方面，现有技术主要包括：采用可调式单刃铰刀代替通常铰刀，即采用圆弧型的外周支撑块与直后角型的外周切削部，以代替圆弧面的外周刃带部；圆柱校准部上对其径向宽度进行优化设计，如：采用增大刃带宽度或减少刃带宽度；以及采用多段导锥角刃部，即圆柱与校准部相连的一段切削刃往往采用小导锥角或采用圆弧型刃部代替导锥角刃部等。这些技术手段在应用于特定加工要求的刀具案例中都能获得较好的孔壁表面粗糙度。但是，对于大多数铰刀而言，这些方案仍不能解决铰削过程中在孔壁上的产生的进刀纹。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种刀具，用于有色金属的铰削孔加工，消除孔壁进刀纹，降低孔壁粗糙度。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种刀具，用于有色金属的铰削孔加工，减少雾面，提高孔壁光滑度。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种刀具，用于铝合金金属的铰削孔加工，使其呈现光亮的银白色泽。
金属系由属于金属元素组成，大多数为电和热的优良导体，有延展性，密度较大， 熔点较高。在汉字中，这些元素的名称大都具有“金字”偏旁(部首)。
有色合金属于金属，通常指除铁、铬和锰三种金属以外的所有金属，如：铝、镁、钾、钠、钙、锶、钡、铜、铅、锌、锡、钴、镍、锑、汞、镉、铋、金、银、铂、钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铍、锂、铷、铯、钛、锆、铪、钒、铌、钽、钨、钼、镓、铟、铊、锗、铼、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钪、钇和钍，以及有色合金，如：但不限于铝合金、铜合金、镁合金、镍合金、锡合金、钽合金、钛合金、锌合金、钼合金和锆合金等。这些物质单独或组合应用于本发明，是本发明技术方案所直接作用的对象。
一种刀具，包括可安装到机械设备上的柄部，一条沿柄部轴向设置的轴线，实施铰削孔加工的切削部，以及校准部，还包括前导校准部，其设置于校准部之前，切削部之后。
一种本发明刀具的具体实施方式，由位于刀具铰削孔加工的进给方向的端面至柄部的轴向上，依次设置切削部、前导校准部和校准部，前导校准部沿轴向的两端分别与切削部和校准部相接。
切削部上至少包括2枚以上的刃，以及进给方向上的端面。切削部与径向面所成刃口处交线为直线、圆弧或其组合。刃口处交线为直线时，其倾斜于轴向设置，而成锥度。
校准部，其外周为刃带，还设置BT0.02/100～0.3/100倒锥度(即刀具上，位于进给方向前端处的直径大于后端处的直径)。刃带并不对材料实施切削加工，而是在刀具进给方向的两侧对材料实施挤压和摩擦，其与刃部通常位于刀具的不同部位上。通常，刃带也是刀具径向外圆的一部分。
由位于刀具铰削孔加工的进给方向的端面至柄部的轴向上，前导校准部的周侧壁于径向面上所成的校准交线倾斜于轴线，交角小于90°。校准交线两端至轴线的距离差为0.001mm～0.03mm，优先选择0.002mm～0.008mm，尤其是0.002mm～0.003mm。
前导校准部的周侧壁于径向面上所成众多校准交线，这些校准交线组成了前导校准部的周侧壁轮廓，即前导校准部的外周亦为刃带，且前导校准部具有正锥度。
校准交线一端至参考平面的距离为0.05mm～1.5mm，优先选择0.2mm～0.5mm，尤其是0.2mm～0.3mm。参考平面是一个与轴线正交的平面，且校准交线的另一端也落于该平面上。
本发明的刀具用于实施铰削孔加工，所加工的孔为通常工业生产上所称的直孔，孔壁面向两端延展是的方向平行或接近平行于孔的轴线。即由于加工和测量存在客观误差，而通常只能做到趋近平行。
本发明技术方案实现的有益效果：
本发明的刀具，用于实施孔的铰削加工，尤其是在金属材料上所成孔的铰削加工，减少或消除孔壁上的进刀纹，孔壁光滑，粗糙度达到Ra0.5以下，呈光亮均一的银白色泽。
本发明的刀具，采用前导校准部，能够应用于大多数的铰刀并在其使用中稳定获得无进刀纹的光亮孔壁，提高金属材料，尤其是铝合金材料的非锥度孔的铰削孔加工的孔壁质量，加工的孔壁不发白(微观上属于刀具对孔壁拉伤)、不发黄(微观上属于刀具对孔壁过度挤压)、不发黑(微观上属于孔壁过度挤压及拉伤)、也没有雾面(微观上属于刀纹过重、粘刀及拉伤)。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施铰削孔加工的刀具一实施例的示意图；
图2为图1所示的“P”处的放大示意图；
图3为图1中“P”处的另一实施例的示意图；
图4为图1中“P”处的另一实施例的示意图；
图5为用于铝合金铸件上的多个同心直孔铰削加工刀具的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图详细描述本发明的技术方案。本发明实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
如图所示成型铰刀，用于对铝合金铸件上的多个同心直孔就行加工，使用成型铰刀的好处在于若干个孔一次加工成型，不仅成倍减少了加工时间，而且能无视机床重复精度直接保证各孔的同心度等几何公差要求，是一种高效低成本的先进工具，其Ф4.582mm和Ф7.536mm两直径处分别位于刀具第一第二台阶，即刀具先端，在实际加工中，这两个台阶所加工的孔壁始终存在圈状加工刀纹。通过显微镜观察，该圈纹间距和进刀步距相当，初步判断为进刀纹。针对进刀纹，同时试验了如下表1的多种解决方案，其主要改进点和测试效果如下表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022086777-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022086777-appb-000002
如上表所示，采用多种手段对刀具进行调整，大部分没有实现对孔壁质量的实质性改善。
图1为本发明实施铰削孔加工的刀具一实施例的示意图，图2为图1所示的P处的放大示意图。如图1和图2所示，本实施例的刀具用于对金属材料的非锥度孔实施铰削加工，其包括可安装到旋转机械上的柄部100、一条沿柄部100的纵向延伸的轴线200，一个切削主体300，包括切削部310、前导校准部320和校准部330。切削部310、前导校准部320和校准部330由位于刀具铰削孔加工的进给方向的端面340至柄部的轴向上依次设置，前导校准部320沿轴向的两端分别与切削部310和校准部320相接。
切削部310上至少包括2枚以上的刃，切削部310与径向面所成刃口处交线311为直线、圆弧或其组合(参见图3和图4)。刃口处交线为直线时，其倾斜于轴向设置，而成锥度。
校准部330，其外周为刃带，还设置BT0.02/100～0.3/100倒锥度(即刀具上，位于进给方向前端处的直径大于后端处的直径)。刃带并不对材料实施切削加工，而是在刀具进给方向的两侧对材料实施挤压和摩擦，其与刃部通常位于刀具的不同部位上。通常，刃带也是刀具径向外圆的一部分。
将本实施例的技术方案应用于图1所示的刀具实施铰削孔加工，测试效果如下表2。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022086777-appb-000003
由位于刀具铰削孔加工的进给方向的端面至柄部的轴向上，前导校准部320的周 侧壁于径向面上所成的校准交线321倾斜于轴线，交角小于90°。校准交线321两端至轴线的距离差H为0.001mm～0.03mm，优先选择0.002mm～0.008mm，尤其是0.002mm～0.003mm。
前导校准部的周侧壁于径向面上所成众多校准交线321，这些校准交线组成了前导校准部的周侧壁轮廓。优先选择的，前导校准部320具有正锥度，形状如：圆台。
校准交线321一端至参考平面400的距离D为0.05mm～1.5mm，优先选择0.2mm～0.5mm，尤其是0.2mm～0.3mm。参考平面是一个与轴线正交的平面，且校准交线的另一端也落于该平面上。
本实施例的刀具，前导校准部320先对切削部形成的切削面进行熨压以消除进刀纹，获得平滑均一的切削-准挤压抛光面，接着再以其后的校准部330对无进刀圈纹的切削-准挤压抛光面进行加工以完成铰孔作业。
在铰刀上分别设置不同规格前导校准部320，具体如下：
校准交线321两端至轴线的距离差为0.003mm，校准交线321一端至参考平面的距离D为0.2mm，记为：0.2×0.003前导校准部；
校准交线321两端至轴线的距离差为0.006mm，校准交线321一端至参考平面的距离D为0.2mm，记为：0.2×0.006前导校准部；
校准交线321两端至轴线的距离差为0.003mm，校准交线321一端至参考平面的距离D为0.3mm，记为：0.3×0.003前导校准部，
并对ADC系压铸铝合金孔实施铰削加工，结果如下表3、表4和表5所示。表中，Dp为切削余量，F为进给速度，S为刀具转速。
表3
Figure PCTCN2022086777-appb-000004
表4
Figure PCTCN2022086777-appb-000005
表5
Figure PCTCN2022086777-appb-000006
在孔的铰削加工中，孔的加工质量可以通过设置本实施例的前导校准部而显著改 善，即孔壁光亮、无进刀纹和无拉伤。
本发明的刀具，采用前导校准部，能够应用于大多数的铰刀并在其使用中稳定获得无进刀纹的光亮孔壁，提高金属材料，尤其是铝合金材料的非锥度孔的铰削孔加工的孔壁质量，加工的孔壁不发白(微观上属于刀具对孔壁拉伤)、不发黄(微观上属于刀具对孔壁过度挤压)、不发黑(微观上属于孔壁过度挤压及拉伤)、也没有雾面(微观上为刀纹过重、粘刀及拉伤)。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于包括：
    柄部，其可安装到机械设备上；
    轴线，沿柄部轴向设置；
    切削部，实施切削加工，包括进给方向上的端面；
    由位于刀具铰削孔加工的进给方向的端面至柄部的轴向上，依次设置所述的切削部、前导校准部和校准部，所述的前导校准部沿轴向的两端分别与所述的切削部和所述的校准部相接；
    所述的校准部具有倒锥度的；
    所述前导校准部的周侧壁于径向面上所成的校准交线倾斜于轴线，交角小于90°。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的校准交线两端至所述轴线的距离差为0.001mm～0.03mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的校准交线两端至所述轴线的距离差为0.002mm～0.008mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的校准交线两端至所述轴线的距离差为0.002mm～0.003mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的前导校准部的周侧壁于径向面上所成众多校准交线，这些所述的校准交线组成了所述前导校准部的周侧壁轮廓，具有正锥度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的校准交线一端至参考平面的距离为0.05mm～1.5mm，所述的参考平面是一个与所述轴线正交的平面，且所述校准交线的另一端也落于所述的参考平面上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的校准交线一端至参考平面的距离为0.2mm～0.5mm，所述的参考平面是一个与所述轴线正交的平面，且所述校准交线的另一端也落于所述的参考平面上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的校准交线一端至参考平面的距离为0.2mm～0.3mm，所述的参考平面是一个与所述轴线正交的平面，且所述校准交线的另一端也落于所述的参考平面上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述倒锥度为BT0.02/100～0.3/100。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的孔由金属材料制成。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所述的孔由铝合金制成。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的铰削孔加工刀具，其特征在于所成的孔的孔壁光滑，粗糙度达到Ra0.5以下。
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB608919A (en) * 1946-03-02 1948-09-22 James Thornton Newby Improvements in reamers
CN202147059U (zh) * 2011-06-17 2012-02-22 四川天虎工具有限责任公司 螺旋槽锥度铰刀
CN206997935U (zh) * 2017-08-04 2018-02-13 常州机电职业技术学院 一种多刃铰刀
CN211387180U (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-09-01 常州利德切削技术有限公司 一种高效不等分多刃扩铰刀

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB608919A (en) * 1946-03-02 1948-09-22 James Thornton Newby Improvements in reamers
CN202147059U (zh) * 2011-06-17 2012-02-22 四川天虎工具有限责任公司 螺旋槽锥度铰刀
CN206997935U (zh) * 2017-08-04 2018-02-13 常州机电职业技术学院 一种多刃铰刀
CN211387180U (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-09-01 常州利德切削技术有限公司 一种高效不等分多刃扩铰刀

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