WO2022216113A1 - 면역관문억제제를 이용한 암 치료방법 - Google Patents
면역관문억제제를 이용한 암 치료방법 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cancer treatment method using an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and more specifically, by confirming the expression of an immune checkpoint protein and a lymphoid or myeloid cell-specific protein in circulating tumor cells isolated from blood, the immune checkpoint protein expression is positive. And it relates to a method of treating cancer by selecting a patient whose lymphatic or myeloid cell-specific protein expression is positive as a patient to which an immunotherapy is applicable, and administering an immune checkpoint inhibitor to the patient.
- Cancer is one of the most deadly threats to human health. In the United States, cancer affects nearly 1.3 million new patients each year and is the second leading cause of death after heart disease, with 1 in 4 deaths. In addition, cancer is expected to surpass cardiovascular disease as the number one cause of death within 5 years. Solid tumors account for the majority of these deaths.
- companion diagnostics which means an approved diagnosis that can select an appropriate target anticancer drug and treatment method, based on the systematic analysis result of the patient's individual factors.
- Companion diagnosis can present a clear clinical rationale for prescription according to the doctor's diagnosis, and can provide appropriate treatment to the patient, thereby increasing cancer treatment efficiency and reducing the misuse of targeted anticancer drugs, thereby improving the financial soundness of the national health insurance. can also contribute.
- the companion diagnosis market is growing in the treatment fields of breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, and melanoma, and in particular, the breast cancer and lung cancer fields are expected to lead the market growth.
- the global market for companion diagnostics is growing at a high growth rate every year as pharmaceutical companies reduce the cost of developing new drugs and increase the demand for targeted therapies.
- immunotherapy uses the patient's own immune system to attack the cancer regardless of its origin.
- the immune system is regulated by a network of checks and balances that have evolved to attack foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses.
- cancer can evade the immune system by expressing proteins that inhibit it from attacking cancer cells, such as PD-L1 and PD-L2.
- the interaction between tumor cells and T cells involves contact between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the tumor cell and the T cell receptor (TCR) on the T cell.
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- TCR T cell receptor
- tumor cells express the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 on their surface, it can evade T cell immunosurveillance.
- PD-L1 binds to PD-1 expressed by T cells and inhibits T cell immunosurveillance by blocking T cell activation.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors that can block the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction have been developed.
- the drug allows the T cell immunosurveillance mechanism to function normally again, so that the tumor cells can be destroyed through a normal immune response in the subject.
- Blockade of CTLA-4 on T cells may have a similar effect (Hodi et al., N. Engl. J. Med. Vol. 363, pp. 711-23, 2010).
- checkpoint inhibitors The secret to the effective use of checkpoint inhibitors is to determine whether a particular subject with cancer responds to the drug. If PD-L1 or an antibody that binds to PD-1 and acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor is administered to a patient whose tumor cells do not express PD-L1, the treatment will be ineffective. To date, the reactivity of these checkpoint inhibitors is only 20-30% so far (Herbst RS, et al. The New England journal of medicine. Vol. 383(14), pp. 1328-39, 2020).
- TPS tumor proportion score
- a liquid biopsy comprising circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating cell free DNA (cfDNA) and exosomes has recently attracted attention as a new solution (Rijavec E, et al. al., Cancers. Vol. 12(1):17, 2020).
- Blood-based biopsy is an improvement over tissue biopsy in that cells dissociated or otherwise separated by a tumor can be followed sequentially in real time.
- Circulating tumor cells are one of the cancer-associated cell types that can be readily isolated from peripheral blood and can be used as a replacement for tumor cells obtained from tissue biopsies.
- CTCs are tumor cells that have isolated into the bloodstream from a solid tumor.
- CTCs can be found in the blood of patients with carcinoma, sarcoma, neuroblastoma, and melanoma. Identification of additional cell types that can be obtained from blood-based biopsies will be important in further developing the use of this technology to identify cancer patients for whom treatment with checkpoint inhibitors would be beneficial.
- the present inventors made diligent efforts to develop a CTC-based cancer treatment method.
- the expression of the immune checkpoint protein and the lymphatic system or immune system cell-specific protein was simultaneously confirmed, and the expression of the immune checkpoint protein was positive, and the lymphatic system
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor is administered to a patient with positive immune system cell-specific protein expression, it was confirmed that the same level of cancer treatment effect as that of the biopsy was obtained without performing the biopsy, and the present invention was completed.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating cancer.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting immunotherapy for cancer patients.
- the present invention comprises the steps of (a) confirming the expression of an immune checkpoint protein and a lymphatic or myeloid-specific protein in the isolated circulating cancer cells; and (b) classifying a patient whose immune checkpoint protein expression is positive and the lymphatic system or myeloid system-specific protein expression is confirmed as positive to a patient to which the immunotherapy can be applied.
- the present invention also relates to the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to the present invention.
- the sensitivity to the immune checkpoint inhibitor comprising the step of determining that there is a sensitivity to the immune checkpoint inhibitor ( susceptibility) decision method is provided.
- the present invention also relates to the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to the present invention.
- compositions for the treatment of cancer comprising an immune checkpoint inhibitor for treating an individual having positive immune checkpoint protein expression and positive lymphatic or myeloid-specific protein expression.
- the present invention also provides the use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor for the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for treating a subject having positive immune checkpoint protein expression and positive lymphatic or myeloid-specific protein expression.
- 1 is a fluorescence image of circulating tumor cells expressing EpCAM/Vimentin, PD-L1 and CD18 proteins confirmed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an image of measuring fluorescence intensities of EpCAM/Vimentin, PD-L1 and CD18 proteins in circulating tumor cells identified according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 3 is a fluorescence image (A) confirming the expression of CD16 and CD18 in a patient's blood sample according to an embodiment of the present invention (A) and a graph (B) quantifying the same.
- first, second, A, and B may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the above terms, and only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from other components.
- a first component may be named as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component without departing from the scope of the technology to be described below. and/or includes a combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of a plurality of related listed items.
- each process constituting the method may occur differently from the specified order unless a specific order is clearly described in context. That is, each process may occur in the same order as specified, may be performed substantially simultaneously, or may be performed in the reverse order.
- antibody is used in the broadest sense, and monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (eg, bispecific antibodies) and antibody fragments as long as they exhibit the desired antigen-binding activity. includes, but is not limited to, various antibody structures.
- Biomarker refers to an indicator that can be detected in a sample. Biomarkers can serve as predictive, diagnostic and/or prognostic indicators of a disease or disorder (eg, cancer), characterized by specific molecular, pathological, histological and/or clinical features.
- a disease or disorder eg, cancer
- cancer and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition of mammals that is typically characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Examples of cancer include carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma and leukemia or lymphoma.
- lung cancer including small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of lung; bladder cancer (such as urinary bladder cancer (UBC), muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and BCG-refractory non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); kidney or kidney cancer (e.g., renal cell carcinoma (RCC)); urinary tract cancer; breast cancer (e.g., estrogen receptor ( HER2+ breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)) negative for ER-), progesterone receptor (PR-) and HER2 (HER2-); prostate cancers such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); peritoneal cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma; gastrointestinal cancer gastric or gastric cancer, including cancer and gastrointestinal stromal cancer; Thyroid cancer; liver carcinoma; anal carcinoma; penile carcinoma; superficial dilated melanoma, lentigo malignant melanoma
- UBC urinary bladder cancer
- MIBC muscle invasive bladder cancer
- the terms "treat,” “treating” and “treatment” have their general and conventional meaning, which refers to the complete or partial removal of a tumor or cancer from a subject, the size of the tumor in the subject. shrinking the tumor, killing the tumor or cancer cells in the subject, and ameliorating the symptoms of the cancer or tumor in the subject.
- treatment means to eliminate, reduce, kill, or ameliorate by about 1% to about 100% compared to a subject not receiving the checkpoint inhibitor.
- removing, reducing, killing or ameliorating is about 100%, about 99%, about 98%, about 97%, about 96%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%.
- Treatment results can be permanent, or can be several days (eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 days) weeks (eg 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks), months (eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 months or longer) or several years (eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 years or longer).
- days eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 days
- weeks eg 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks
- months eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 months or longer
- years eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 years or longer.
- the terms "inhibit,” “inhibiting” and “inhibition” have their general, conventional meanings, which include the establishment of cancer or tumors, the development of cancer or tumors, the growth and metastasis of cancer or tumors. inhibiting, delaying, blocking, impeding, or restraining the progression thereof.
- inhibition is meant interfering by about 1% to about 100% compared to a subject not receiving the checkpoint inhibitor.
- the interference is about 100%, about 99%, about 98%, about 97%, about 96%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5% or about 1%.
- the method of suppression may be performed in the subject before, concurrently with, or after the onset of clinical symptoms of the cancer or tumor.
- a subject may be a subject suffering from cancer or a tumor, or may merely be a subject prone to developing cancer or a tumor.
- the results of inhibition can be permanent, or several days (eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 days) weeks (eg 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks), months (eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 months or more) or several years (eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 years or more).
- the term “administration” refers to a method of providing a dose of a compound or composition.
- the compounds and/or compositions used in the methods described herein can be administered intravenously (eg, intravenously). by injection), subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally, transdermally, intraarterially, intraperitoneally, intralesional , rectal, topically, intratumorally, intraperitoneally, subconjunctivally, intravesically, mucosally, intrapericardially, intraumbilical cord, intraocularly, orally, topically, topically, by inhalation, by injection , by infusion, by continuous infusion, by localized perfusion that directly bathes the target cells, by catheter, by lavage, in a cream, or in a lipid composition. (eg, the compound or composition being administered and the severity of the condition, disease or disorder being treated).
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising immune checkpoint inhibitors may depend upon the particular goal or purpose of the method; the age and size of the subject; and different schedules depending on the subject's general health status.
- checkpoint inhibitors and pharmaceutical agents may be administered once, or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more times over the course of treatment or inhibition.
- the timing between each dosing in the dosing schedule can range from days, weeks, months or years, and can range from every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, once every 30 weeks or longer.
- the same amount of the immune checkpoint inhibitor may be administered at each dose of the dosing schedule, or the amount at each dose may vary.
- the identity of the immune checkpoint inhibitor at each dosing in the dosing schedule may also vary, or may remain the same.
- an immune checkpoint inhibitor or a pharmaceutical formulation comprising an immune checkpoint inhibitor, is administered to the subject in a “therapeutically effective amount”.
- a therapeutically effective amount will vary from subject to subject. However, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient to achieve the goal or purpose of the method, regardless of whether it is intended to inhibit or treat.
- a therapeutically effective amount of the checkpoint inhibitor used in the methods of the present invention is typically from about 0.1 ⁇ g to about 10,000 ⁇ g of the checkpoint inhibitor per kg body weight of a subject receiving the peptide.
- a therapeutically effective amount also includes about 0.5 ⁇ g to about 5,000 ⁇ g, about 1 ⁇ g to about 500 ⁇ g, about 10 ⁇ g to about 200 ⁇ g, about 1 ⁇ g to about 800 ⁇ g, about 10 ⁇ g to about 5,000 ⁇ g of the checkpoint inhibitor per kg body weight of the subject.
- targeted anticancer drugs can be treated according to specific genetic tests such as EGFR, ALK, and ROS1.
- specific genetic tests such as EGFR, ALK, and ROS1.
- cancer cells cannot be collected even if a biopsy is performed because fibrosis occurs in the surrounding area.
- a biomarker that can exhibit the same diagnostic effect as a biopsy only with a blood test was developed in a patient who is difficult to perform such a biopsy. When confirmed, it was confirmed that immunotherapy can be selected with high accuracy.
- the expression of the protein "positive” means that the presence of the protein in the circulating cancer cells in the blood is confirmed by various methods known to those skilled in the art, preferably by fluorescence intensity, but is not limited thereto. it is not
- the determination of the protein expression as positive is based on a specific cut-off value in consideration of the number of cells in which each or both of the proteins are expressed, and the intensity (intensity of fluorescence) of expression for each protein. Or it can be determined through the expression level is high or low compared to the reference population, but is not limited thereto.
- the expression "negative" of the protein means that the presence of the protein in the blood circulating cancer cells is not confirmed by various methods known to those skilled in the art, and preferably can be confirmed by fluorescence intensity, It is not limited.
- the determination of the protein expression as negative is based on a specific cut-off value in consideration of the number of cells in which each or all of the protein is not expressed, and the intensity (intensity of fluorescence) of expression for each protein. It can be judged as, or can be judged by the expression level is high or low compared to the reference population, but is not limited thereto.
- the immune checkpoint protein can be used without limitation as long as it is a protein involved in the immune checkpoint-related signaling pathway, preferably, CD27, CD28, CD40, CD122, CD137, OX40, GITR, ICOS, A2AR, B7. It may be selected from the group consisting of -H3, BY-H4, CTLA-4, IDO, KIR, LAG3, NOX2, PD-1, PD-L1, TIM-3, VISTA and SIGLEC7, more preferably PD-1 , PD-L1 and CTLA-4 may be selected from the group consisting of, and most preferably, PD-L1, but is not limited thereto.
- the lymphatic or myeloid-specific protein can be used without limitation as long as it is a protein expressed in lymphoid or myeloid cells, preferably, CD18, CD29, CD61, CD104, ITGB5, ITGB6, ITGB7, ITGB8, CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49d, CD49e, CD49f, ITGA7, ITGA8, ITGA9, ITGA10, ITGA11, CD11D, CD103, CD11a, CD11b, CD51, CD41, CD11c, CD64, CD32, CD16a, CD16b, CD23, CD89, FcRn, It may be selected from the group consisting of Fc ⁇ RI and Fc ⁇ / ⁇ R, more preferably CD18, CD16, CD29, CD61, CD104, CD32, CD11b and CD64, and most preferably CD18. , but is not limited thereto.
- the separated blood circulating cancer cells may be isolated by performing the following steps:
- the circulating tumor cells refers to tumor cells found in the peripheral blood of a malignant tumor patient. Circulating cancer cells in the blood are very rare and the number of samples available is very limited. Techniques in the detection and characterization of circulating cancer cells in the blood include, but are not limited to, multiple reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods, imaging-based approaches, and microfiltration and microchip devices. Circulating cancer cells in the blood can serve as tumor biological markers that inevitably provide individualized treatment and follow-up after treatment as a liquid biopsy specimen. In addition, circulating cancer cells in the blood can be used as targets to understand the biological properties of tumors and the dissemination of tumor cells, but are not limited thereto.
- the biochip is a conventional semiconductor chip form by integrating and combining materials such as DNA, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, microorganisms, animal and plant cells and organs, and nerve cells derived from living organisms on a solid substrate made of an inorganic material such as a semiconductor at a high density. It refers to a tool or device that uses the unique functions of biomolecules and obtains biological information such as gene expression pattern, gene binding, protein distribution, or increases the speed of biochemical processes and reaction or information processing.
- the high-density microchip refers to a biochip capable of separating materials of a specific size based on the working principle of the biochip.
- the high-density microchip is based on the difference in the size of blood cells and can capture circulating cancer cells in the blood with a recovery rate of about 90% within 10 minutes.
- the pore size of the high-density microchip may be preferably 5.5 to 8.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 6.5 to 7.5 ⁇ m. If the pore size is smaller than 5.5 ⁇ m, red blood cells and white blood cells do not pass through the chip and get stuck on the chip and cannot be removed. Cancer cells pass through the chip, making it impossible to selectively recover circulating cancer cells in the blood.
- the shape of the pores of the high-density microchip may be a circular shape, a rectangular shape, or an elliptical shape, and preferably a rectangular shape.
- the pores of the high-density microchip may be arranged in a regular pattern.
- the high-density microchip may be specifically made of stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, or copper.
- the pores may be formed by etching using MEMS (Micro-electro Mechanical Systems) technology.
- the gap between two adjacent pores among the pores is narrower than the diameter of the cancer cells circulating in the blood.
- the gap between the two pores may be formed to be 45 to 65% of the diameter of the circulating cancer cells in the blood.
- the high-density microchip is not deformed by the pressure of blood or solution flowing through the passage. After passing through the pores, the blood is discharged to the outside, and the cancer cells circulating in the blood do not pass through the pores and remain on the surface.
- Non-target cells i.e., red blood cells with a higher strain rate than circulating cancer cells in the blood, easily pass through the pores.
- the blood circulating cancer cells can be discharged outside by supplying the solution in a reverse or forward direction.
- the solution may be supplied in the reverse direction to minimize damage to the circulating cancer cells in the blood.
- the solution may be supplied by a syringe, a syringe pump, a plunger pump, or the like.
- the solution may be composed of a diluent for diluting blood, water, and an acid for dilution.
- the blood circulating cancer cells discharged to the outside by the supply of the solution can be collected in a container, for example, a test tube, a culture dish, and the like, and can be easily collected.
- circulating cancer cells in the blood with a diameter of 7.5-15 ⁇ m pass through a tube with a diameter of 8 ⁇ m when a pressure of about 100 mmHg is applied.
- Circulating cancer cells in the blood with a diameter of 15 ⁇ m that pass through a tube with a diameter of 8 ⁇ m have a strain rate of about 53%.
- the distance between the two pores should be less than 4 ⁇ m, considering the strain rate of the circulating cancer cells in the blood. desirable.
- the diameter of the cancer cells reaches about 40 ⁇ m.
- the strain rate of circulating cancer cells in the blood with a diameter of 40 ⁇ m during backwashing it is preferable to set the distance between the two pores to be 21 ⁇ m or less.
- the cancer cells circulating in the blood may not fall off the surface while being deformed by the flow of the solution.
- cancer cells with a diameter of 40 ⁇ m may not fall off from the surface between the two pores with an interval of more than 21 ⁇ m.
- the interval between the two pores is 45 to 65% of the diameter of the circulating cancer cells in the blood. Circulating cancer cells in the blood with a diameter of 7.5 ⁇ m may not be removed from the surface between the two pores by backwashing when the spacing exceeds 65%, that is, about 4.9 ⁇ m. Circulating cancer cells in the blood with a diameter of 40 ⁇ m may not be removed from the surface between the two pores by backwashing when the spacing exceeds 65%, that is, exceeds 26 ⁇ m.
- the pressure of the solution is increased to forcibly remove the circulating cancer cells in the blood adhering to the surface between the two pores, damage to the circulating cancer cells in the blood occurs and the collection rate of the living circulating cancer cells in the blood is lowered. If the distance between 7.5 ⁇ m in diameter and circulating cancer cells in the blood is less than 45%, that is, less than about 3.375 ⁇ m, there is a high possibility that the high-density microchip will be damaged by the flow of blood and solution.
- the sample may be repeatedly passed through the high-density microchip. Specifically, after the blood circulating cancer cells are separated from the high-density microchip once, the separated blood-circulating cancer cells may be loaded into the high-density microchip once again to be separated, and the separation process may be repeated.
- separation of circulating cancer cells through the high-density microchip is not performed by applying a specific artificial pressure after loading a solution containing circulating cancer cells into the high-density microchip, but by using gravity. Isolation of circulating cancer cells can be achieved. Separation of circulating cancer cells through the high-density microchip according to the present invention minimizes damage caused by artificial pressure to circulating cancer cells in the blood, thereby maintaining the state in the patient's body.
- the high-density microchip is used to minimize damage to circulating cancer cells in the blood by the high-density microchip when the circulating cancer cells in the blood are separated or to make the high-density microchip more efficient for repeated use.
- it may be coated with a specific material to make the recovery rate of circulating cancer cells in the blood more efficient.
- the specific substance may be an antibody capable of specifically binding to cancer cells circulating in the blood, and may be a biomaterial that does not physically or chemically damage cells.
- the specific substance may be BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) or an antibody.
- the antibody may be composed of, for example, an anti-Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule antibody (Anti-EpCAM antibody), an anti-Cytokeratin antibody (Anti-Cytokeratin antibody, Anti-CK antibody), and the like.
- the specific substance may be BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin).
- the BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) solution refers to bovine serum albumin. It is a protein with a molecular weight of about 66.4 kDa and is abundantly present in most animals. BSA can be added as a nutrient for cells during cell culture in biochemistry/biology, and is often used as a standard for obtaining a calibration curve in protein quantification. It may be added to supplement the protein concentration in the solution. And before attaching a protein to detect a specific antibody in various biochemical experiments (Western blot, Immunocytochemistry, ELISA, etc.) It can also be used to block.
- the separation using the high-density microchip may be performed by gravity, specifically, at an atmospheric pressure of 1000 to 1020 hPa. Preferably, it may be made at an atmospheric pressure of 1000 to 1015 hPa. More preferably, it may be made at an atmospheric pressure of 1000 to 1013 hPa.
- the BSA solution may be coated on the upper surface, the lower surface, or the inner surface of the pores of the high-density microchip. Preferably, it may be coated on both the upper and lower surfaces of the high-density microchip and the inner surface of the pores.
- the BSA solution coating may be made at a concentration of 0.05 to 0.15%. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the BSA solution coating may be made at a concentration of 0.08 to 0.012%.
- the BSA solution coating may be treated for 5 to 15 minutes. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the BSA solution coating may be treated for 8 to 12 minutes.
- the expression of the immune checkpoint protein and the lymphatic or myeloid-specific protein may be characterized by performing the following steps:
- a fluorescent marker that specifically binds to circulating cancer cells in the blood a fluorescent marker that specifically binds to an immune checkpoint protein; and reacting with a fluorescent label that specifically binds to lymphoid or myeloid-specific proteins;
- the fluorescent marker that specifically binds to the circulating cancer cells in the blood refers to a fluorescent material that can specifically bind to the circulating cancer cells themselves or to substances present inside or outside the blood circulating cancer cells.
- a fluorescent marker capable of identifying circulating cancer cells in the blood may specifically bind to a cell nucleus or specifically bind to proteins, DNA, RNA, etc. existing inside and outside the cell.
- DAPI can be used as a fluorescent marker in the cell nucleus
- a fluorescent marker that specifically binds to vimentin, an intermediate filament protein can be used
- epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and A fluorescent marker that specifically binds to CK (cytokeratin) may be used, and a fluorescent marker that specifically binds to CD45 used as a means of removing non-target cells may be used.
- the fluorescent marker that specifically binds to circulating cancer cells in the blood may be composed of nucleotides, oligonucleotides, peptides, polypeptides, nucleic acids or proteins, and may be proteins composed of antibodies.
- the fluorescent marker that specifically binds to the circulating cancer cells in the blood can be any substance that specifically binds to the circulating cancer cells in the blood and makes it identifiable.
- the optical image may be generated by an imaging system.
- the imaging system may be a cell imaging system, and the cell imaging system is, for example, a system for placing stained cells on a platform such as a slide glass and observing and photographing the cells at various wavelengths.
- the cell imaging system may include an automatic cell counting module, a fluorescence intensity analysis module, and a cytology-based cell classification/cognition module.
- a measurement function, a report automatic generation function, and a DB management function may be included as a user interface.
- Such a cell imaging system includes a digital image analysis equipment for distinguishing cells, culture medium, debris, etc., and for determining and counting cells desired by a user.
- the cell imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention can accurately identify and count fluorescently-labeled or marker-bound target cells from an optical image.
- the optical image may be an optical image captured by reflected light reflected from an object.
- the cytooptic image may be output by a cell imaging device and images of cells and debris on the background.
- the optical image may be provided as one image file formed by stitching a plurality of divided images for each specific wavelength range.
- the optical image of the plurality of wavelength ranges may include a blue wavelength range image, a green wavelength range image, and a red wavelength range image.
- the optical image for the blue wavelength range is particularly useful for the discrimination of cell nuclei of circulating cancer cells in the blood
- the optical images for the green wavelength range and the red wavelength range are particularly useful for the discrimination of the cell membrane of the circulating cancer cells in the blood.
- the optical image data is subjected to data filtering and first It is also possible to perform filtering or secondary filtering, and it is also possible to perform data filtering a plurality of times. Also, after primary filtering or secondary filtering is performed, image data may be stored and outputted.
- performing the primary filtering step and the secondary filtering step on the optical image for the first wavelength range, and then performing the primary filtering step and the secondary filtering step on the optical image for a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range may be further performed.
- the first wavelength range may be a blue wavelength range
- the second wavelength range may be a green or red wavelength range.
- the cell nucleus of the cancer cells circulating in the blood may be determined by performing the first filtering process and the second filtering process on the blue wavelength range image.
- the cell membrane of the circulating cancer cells in the blood may be determined by performing the first filtering process on at least one image of the green wavelength range image and the red wavelength range image. This primary and secondary filtering makes it possible to accurately identify cells from optical images. For example, the identification of target cells such as white blood cells and cancer cells is increased through the green and red wavelength range images.
- the morphology of the circulating cancer cells in the blood is measured, where the morphology of the circulating cancer cells in the blood may include one or more of a cell area, a cell size, and a circularity. have.
- the measurement of fluorescence intensity for the immune checkpoint protein and the lymphatic or myeloid cell-specific protein is measured at multiple wavelengths emitted from the immune checkpoint protein and the fluorescent marker that specifically binds to the lymphatic or myeloid cell-specific protein. It is achieved by measuring the fluorescence intensity in the optical image of all or part of the range, and primary filtering can be performed on it.
- the size of cells is measured in optical images of all or part of multiple wavelength ranges. Then, a region made of polygons or circles larger than the measured cell size by a predetermined ratio or amount is set, and the fluorescence intensity of the cells is measured within this region to perform primary filtering.
- tertiary filtering is performed by measuring the morphology of the circulating cancer cells in the blood in the integrated image obtained by merging all or part of the optical images for each of the plurality of wavelength ranges.
- the morphology for the circulating cancer cells in the blood may include one or more of a cell area, a cell size, and a roundness.
- the tertiary filtering may be performed on the entire circulating cancer cells in the blood, and it is also possible to supplementally perform the identification of the circulating cancer cells in the blood during the primary and secondary filtering process. If additional identification is required, it is possible to go through a separate data filtering process or go through a tertiary filtering process multiple times.
- the image analysis may be performed by a computer program.
- Such computer programs may include processors, controllers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), digital signal processors, microcomputers, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic units (PLUs), microprocessors, or instructions. It may be implemented using one or more general purpose computers or special purpose computers, such as any other device capable of executing and responsive to .
- the fluorescent marker that specifically binds to the immune checkpoint protein is selected from the group consisting of an antibody specific to PD-1, an antibody specific to PD-L1, and an antibody specific to CTLA-4. can, but is not limited thereto.
- the fluorescent marker that specifically binds to the lymphoid or myeloid protein is an antibody specific for CD18, an antibody specific for CD16, an antibody specific for CD29, an antibody specific for CD61, an antibody specific for CD104, It may be characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of an antibody specific for CD32, an antibody specific for CD11b, and an antibody specific for CD64, but is not limited thereto.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor may be used without limitation as long as it is a substance capable of inhibiting the function of the immune checkpoint protein, and may be a protein, a compound, a natural product, DNA, RNA, a peptide, etc., preferably an antibody, , more preferably a monoclonal antibody, and more preferably a human antibody, a humanized antibody, or a chimeric antibody.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor may be any one or more selected from the group consisting of a PD-L1 antagonist, a PD-1 antagonist, and a CTLA-4 antagonist, but is not limited thereto.
- PD-1 antagonist refers to reducing, blocking, inhibiting, abrogating or reducing signal transduction resulting from the interaction of PD-1 with one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-L1 and/or PD-L2.
- the PD-1 antagonist is a molecule that inhibits the binding of PD-1 to its binding partner.
- the PD-1 antagonist is PD-1 and/or PD-L1 Inhibits binding to PD-L2.
- PD-1 antagonists include anti-PD-1 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof, immunoadhesins, fusion proteins, oligopeptides, small molecule antagonists, polynucleotide antagonists and PD- 1 and other molecules that reduce, block, inhibit, abrogate or interfere with signal transduction resulting from the interaction of PD-L1 and/or PD-L2
- the PD-1 antagonist is a dysfunctional T -reduce negative signals mediated by cell surface proteins or by cell surface proteins expressed on T lymphocytes and other cells that mediate signaling through PD-1 or PD-L1, so that the cell is less dysfunctional.
- the PD-1 antagonist is an anti-PD-1 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof, immunoadhesins, fusion proteins
- the term "PD-L1 antagonist” refers to reducing, blocking, inhibiting, abrogating or interfering with signal transduction due to the interaction of PD-L1 with one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-1 or B7-1. refers to molecules.
- a PD-L1 antagonist is a molecule that inhibits binding of PD-L1 to its binding partner.
- the PD-L1 antagonist inhibits the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 and/or B7-1.
- the PD-L1 antagonist is an anti-PD-L1 antibody, antigen-binding fragment thereof, immunoadhesin, fusion protein, oligopeptide, and PD-L1 and its binding partner, such as PD-1 or B7-1 other molecules that reduce, block, inhibit, abrogate or interfere with signal transduction due to their interaction with
- the PD-L1 antagonist is expressed on T lymphocytes that mediate signaling through PD-L1, such that dysfunctional T-cells are less dysfunctional (eg, enhance effector response to antigen recognition). Reduces negative costimulatory signals mediated by or through cell surface proteins.
- the PD-L1 antagonist is an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- CTLA4 antagonist refers to a molecule that reduces, blocks, inhibits, abrogates or interferes with signal transduction due to the interaction of CTLA4 with one or more of its binding partners, such as B7-1.
- a CTLA4 antagonist is a molecule that inhibits binding of CTLA4 to its binding partner.
- the CTLA4 antagonist inhibits the binding of CTLA4 to B7-1.
- the CTLA4 antagonist reduces signal transduction due to the interaction of anti-CTLA4 antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, immunoadhesins, fusion proteins, oligopeptides, and CTLA4 with its binding partners, such as B7-1.
- the CTLA4 antagonist is a cell surface protein expressed on T lymphocytes that mediates signaling through CTLA4, such that dysfunctional T-cells are less dysfunctional (eg, enhance effector response to antigen recognition). Reduces negative costimulatory signals mediated by or through cell surface proteins.
- the CTLA4 antagonist is an anti-CTLA4 antibody.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor is Pembrolizumab, (Keytruda), Nivolumab, (Opdivo), Semiplimab, (Lybtayo) , Atezolizumab, (Tecentriq), Avelumab, (Bacencio), Durvalumab, (Imfinzi), Ipilimumab, Yervoy ( Yervoy)) and trimelimumab may be characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited thereto.
- the cancer is lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric carcinoma, esophageal cancer, mesothelioma, melanoma, head and neck cancer, thyroid cancer, sarcoma, prostate cancer, glioma It may be characterized by being selected from the group consisting of blastoma, cervical cancer, thymic carcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, mycosis fungoides, Merkel cell cancer, or hematologic malignancy, preferably lung cancer, most preferably arsenic It may be cell lung cancer, but is not limited thereto.
- the present invention from another point of view,
- compositions for the treatment of cancer comprising an immune checkpoint inhibitor for treating an individual having positive immune checkpoint protein expression and positive lymphatic or myeloid-specific protein expression.
- an immune checkpoint inhibitor for the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for treating a subject having positive immune checkpoint protein expression and positive lymphatic or myeloid-specific protein expression.
- CTCs were isolated from the patient's blood using SmartBiopsy TM cell Isolation kit (Cytogen) and SmartBiopsy TM cell Isolator (Cytogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the high-density microchip applied to the SmartBiopsy TM cell isolator uses a chip with a pore size of 5 ⁇ m, so that target cells larger than 5 ⁇ m are collected on the chip. Since the pore size of the microchip is adjustable, it is a microchip designed to selectively recover cells of a specific size (US10,502,668, KR10-1254675).
- Smart BiopsyTM Cell Isolator recognizes the height of the target (peripheral blood mononuclear cell, PBMC) from the solution and automatically performs mixing, transport and filtering with ADP (Air Displacement Pipette).
- the system of this equipment consists of X-Y Main Axis, ADP, Chip Handler, and Consumable Table. Basically, Smart BiopsyTM Cell Isolator is operated according to the manual using the software.
- the system of this equipment consists of X-Y Main axis module, 1ml pipette (ADP) module, covering module, consumable parts module, vision parts module, and a consumable table is included.
- ADP pipette
- Smart BiopsyTM Cell Isolator is operated according to the manual using in-house software.
- washing, blocking, primary antibody / secondary antibody staining, and mounting are performed automatically and takes a total of 6 hours (based on 12 slides).
- the sample (slide) was treated with 50 ⁇ l of 0.2% Triton X-100 for 10 minutes and then washed 3 times for 5 minutes with PBS.
- the mounting process is carried out using a cover glass.
- Cells separated by an isolator (about 500 to 10000 or more) were fixed on a slide for staining by performing a cytospin process, a cell centrifugation method.
- EpCAM/Vimentin, PD-L1 and CD18 markers for positive selection of CD45 and CTC were used to confirm the characteristics of isolated CTCs.
- EpCAM/Vimentin, PD-L1, CD18 antibody and CD45 antibody were used, and antibody information is shown in Table 4 below.
- DAPI 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- CST030, Cytogen SmartBiopsy TM IF Stainer
- CTC cells expressing PD-L1 and CD18 were identified using blood samples from inflammatory patients and lung cancer patients (FIG. 1).
- a CD18 marker was additionally introduced in order to increase the accuracy of determining immunotherapy through PD-L1 expression analysis.
- EpCAM&Vim(+)/PD-L1(+) and EpCAM&Vim(+)/PD-L1(+)/CD18(+) cells was compared with respect to total CTCs, i.e., EpCAM&Vim(+) expressing cells.
- EpCAM&Vim(+) expressing cells i.e., EpCAM&Vim(+) expressing cells.
- CTC-based PD-L1 expression was analyzed in the lung cancer patient group, and the tissue and the results were compared.
- PD-L1 expression analysis in the tissues of 20 lung cancer patients was performed with DAKO pharmdx clone 22c3 and VENTANA SP263, and in CTC of the same patient, PD-L1(+) and PD-L1(+)/CD18(+ ) expression was compared (Table 5).
- Table 5 By counting the number of PD-L1-positive cells in liquid biopsy-based circulating tumor cells from lung cancer patients, calculating the target antibody-specific antibody sensitivity and specificity, and finally comparing and analyzing it with the TPS in the clinical field, we compare the potential of the relevant effective indicator. , the performance was verified.
- the cell ratio of PD-L1(+) is EpCAM&Vim(+)/PD-L1(+) and EpCAM&Vim(+)/PD-L1(+) based on total CTC, that is, EpCAM&Vim(+) expressing cells.
- the cell ratio of /CD18(+) was determined.
- the number of most cells was 1 and the average fluorescence intensity was 11.2.
- the cancer treatment method using circulating tumor cells selects patients by simultaneously confirming the expression of the immune checkpoint protein and the lymphoid or myeloid cell-specific protein in the liquid biopsy, the agreement with the biopsy is excellent, and commercial use is excellent. Therefore, the method of the present invention is useful for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 다음의 단계를 포함하는 면역항암제 적용을 위한 환자 선별방법:(a) 혈중 순환 암세포에서 면역관문 단백질 및 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현을 확인하는 단계; 및(b) 면역관문 단백질 발현이 양성이고, 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현이 양성으로 확인되는 환자를 면역항암제가 적용가능한 환자로 분류하는 단계.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면역관문 단백질은 PD-1, PD-L1 및 CTLA-4로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질은 CD18, CD16, CD29, CD61, CD104, CD32, CD11b 및 CD64로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 분리된 혈중 순환 암세포는 다음의 단계를 수행하여 분리되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법:(i) 암 환자로부터 혈액을 획득하는 단계; 및(ii) 상기 혈액으로부터 바이오칩을 이용하여 혈중 순환 암세포를 분리하는 단계.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면역관문 단백질 및 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현은 다음의 단계를 수행하여 확인하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법:(1) 혈중 순환 암세포에 특이적으로 결합하는 형광표지자; 면역관문 단백질에 특이적으로 결합하는 형광표지자; 및 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질에 특이적으로 결합하는 형광표지지와 반응시키는 단계;(2) 상기 형광표지자와 반응시킨 혈중 순환 암세포; 면역관문 단백질; 및 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질을 대상으로 복수 파장범위 각각에 대한 광학 이미지를 수신하는 단계;(3) 상기 복수 파장범위 전체 또는 일부의 광학 이미지에서 상기 암 세포; 면역관문 단백질; 및 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질에 대한 형광강도를 측정하여 1차 필터링을 수행하는 단계;(4) 상기 복수 파장범위 전체 또는 일부의 광학 이미지에서 상기 암 세포에 대한 모폴로지(morphology)를 측정하여 2차 필터링을 수행하는 단계; 및(5) 상기 복수 파장범위 각각에 대한 광학 이미지 중 전체 또는 일부를 병합한 통합 이미지에서 상기 혈중 순환 암세포에 대한 모폴로지를 측정하여 3차 필터링을 수행하는 단계.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 혈중 순환 암세포에 특이적으로 결합하는 형광표지자는 비멘틴(vimentin)에 특이적인 항체, EpCAM에 특이적인 항체 및 CK에 특이적인 항체로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 면역관문 단백질에 특이적으로 결합하는 형광표지자는 PD-1에 특이적인 항체, PD-L1에 특이적인 항체 및 CTLA-4에 특이적인 항체로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 림프계 또는 골수계 단백질에 특이적으로 결합하는 형광표지자는 CD18에 특이적인 항체, CD16에 특이적인 항체, CD29에 특이적인 항체, CD61에 특이적인 항체, CD104에 특이적인 항체, CD32에 특이적인 항체, CD11b에 특이적인 항체 및 CD64에 특이적인 항체로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면역관문 억제제는 항체인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면역관문 억제제는 단일클론 항체인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면역관문 억제제는 인간 항체, 인간화 항체, 또는 키메라 항체인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면역관문 억제제는 PD-L1 길항제, PD-1 길항제, 및 CTLA-4 길항제로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면역관문 억제제는 펨브로리주맙(Pembrolizumab, (키트루다(Keytruda)), 니볼루맙(Nivolumab, (옵디보(Opdivo)), 세미플리맙(Cemiplimab, (립타요(Lybtayo)), 아테졸리주맙(Atezolizumab, (티센트릭(Tecentriq)), 아벨루맙(Avelumab, (바벤시오(Bacencio)), 더발루맙(Durvalumab, (임핀지(Imfinzi)), 이필리무맙(Ipilimumab, 여보이(Yervoy)) 및 트리멜리무맙(Tremelimumab)으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 암은 상기 암은 폐암, 신장암, 방광암, 유방암, 결장직장암, 난소암, 췌장 암, 위 암종, 식도암, 중피종, 흑색종, 두경부 암, 갑상선암, 육종, 전립선암, 교모세포종, 자궁경부암, 흉선 암종, 백혈병, 림프종, 골수종, 균상식육종, 머켈 세포 암, 또는 혈액성 악성종양으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 암은 폐암인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 암은 비소세포페암인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 다음의 단계를 포함하는 암 환자의 면역항암요법 선택 방법:(a) 분리된 혈중 순환 암세포(circulating tumor cell, CTC)에서 면역관문 단백질 및 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현을 확인하는 단계; 및(b) 면역관문 단백질 발현이 양성이고, 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현이 양성일 때, 면역관문 억제제를 치료요법으로 선택하는 단계.
- 다음의 단계를 포함하는 암 치료방법:(a) 혈중 순환 암세포에서 면역관문 단백질 및 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현을 확인하는 단계; 및(b) 면역관문 단백질 발현이 양성이고, 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현이 양성일 때, 면역관문 억제제를 투여하는 단계.
- 다음의 단계를 포함하는 면역관문 억제제에 대한 감수성(susceptibility) 결정방법:(a) 혈중 순환 암세포에서 면역관문 단백질 및 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현을 확인하는 단계; 및(b) 면역관문 단백질 발현이 양성이고, 림프계 또는 골수계 특이적 단백질의 발현이 양성일 때, 면역관문 억제제에 대한 감수성이 있는 것으로 결정하는 단계.
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