WO2022213652A1 - 一种磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜及其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜及其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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WO2022213652A1
WO2022213652A1 PCT/CN2021/137983 CN2021137983W WO2022213652A1 WO 2022213652 A1 WO2022213652 A1 WO 2022213652A1 CN 2021137983 W CN2021137983 W CN 2021137983W WO 2022213652 A1 WO2022213652 A1 WO 2022213652A1
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phosphorus
chitin
based graphene
film
photothermal
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喻学锋
万鹏
黄浩
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
    • C08J2305/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of photothermal films, in particular to a phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film with photothermal treatment function and a preparation method thereof.
  • Water resources are the basic elements of human life and natural development. The shortage and pollution of water resources have a great impact on human survival, human health, social and economic development. In the world, about 10% of various diseases are caused by unsanitary drinking water, and more than 10 million people die each year due to unhealthy drinking water.
  • Water resources are not only closely related to human life and health, but also have a great impact on industrial production. With the continuous improvement of water quality requirements, water treatment technology is particularly critical. Traditional water treatment technology has complex processes and high costs. Continuous development of new water treatment technologies.
  • Membrane technology has many advantages as a high-tech in the field of water treatment. Membrane technology has the advantages of small footprint, simple treatment process, good effluent quality, and no need for additives. It is gradually applied in various water treatment processes. The application of ordinary membrane technology in water treatment is a pressure-driven membrane process, so the energy consumption is relatively large. In recent years, the emergence of sunlight-driven water evaporation technology has provided new ideas for water treatment. Therefore, it is particularly critical to develop membrane materials with high-efficiency solar photothermal conversion properties. The application of this new generation of membrane materials to the solar-driven evaporation system can improve the evaporation efficiency of light and hot water, and is expected to replace traditional membranes for sewage treatment and seawater desalination.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method and application field of a phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film with photothermal conversion water treatment function, the gel photothermal
  • the membrane has an interpenetrating network structure, which can absorb and disperse water on the membrane surface by capillary force.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film, which uses phosphorus-based graphene and chitin as raw materials, and in an alkaline solution system, the phosphorus-based graphene and chitin are wrapped and combined, After the freezing-thawing process is dissolved, the negatively charged phosphorus-based graphene is tightly fused with the positively charged chitin, and then scraped/coated/sprayed to form a film.
  • This technology introduces the biological material chitin into the field of photothermal treatment for the first time, and the prepared gel photothermal film has efficient photothermal evaporation performance, which can realize seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
  • the phosphorus-based graphene raw material used in the present invention is prepared with the authorized patent number of CN 110117006 B, and the patent name is "a method for preparing graphene materials with high efficiency and environmental protection".
  • the present invention provides a preparation method of a phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film, the preparation method comprising the following steps:
  • step 3 pour the phosphorus-based chitin solution obtained in step 2) on the substrate and scrape/coat/spray to form a film to make a hydrogel film;
  • step 4 transfer the hydrogel film containing the substrate prepared in step 3) into hot water to soak, the hydrogel film is detached from the glass plate, and then the film is removed to obtain the phosphorus-based graphene chitin photothermal film.
  • step 1) the mass ratio among the chitin, phosphorus-based graphene and alkali-soluble system is (1% ⁇ 8%): (0.01% ⁇ 1.6%): (5% ⁇ 41%).
  • the alkali solution system is an alkali solution
  • potassium hydroxide in the alkali solution accounts for 2%-15% of the total weight of the alkali solution
  • lithium hydroxide accounts for the total weight of the alkali solution.
  • 1%-6%, urea accounts for 2%-20% of the total weight of the alkali solution, and the balance is water.
  • step 2) the freezing is to freeze the suspension at -80°C for more than 2 hours; the centrifugation conditions are 0-5°C at 400-10000°C Centrifuge at rpm for 3-15 minutes.
  • the substrate is selected from a glass plate or a PET, PTFE, PP, and PVC plastic bottom plate, and the thickness of the hydrogel film is 0.1-10 mm.
  • step 4 the temperature of the hot water is 4-80° C., and the soaking time is 1-2000 minutes.
  • the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared by any of the above-mentioned preparation methods; The structure of the capillary network.
  • the third aspect of the present invention is to provide the application of the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared by any of the above-mentioned preparation methods in the fields of seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
  • photothermal water treatment includes the following steps:
  • the sewage includes sewage oil-water mixture and dye wastewater.
  • the invention discloses a phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film with photothermal conversion water treatment function. It uses phosphorus-based graphene and chitin as raw materials. It is wrapped and combined with chitin, dissolved by freeze-thaw technology, and the negatively charged phosphorus-based graphene is tightly fused with the positively charged chitin, and then scraped to form a film. In the field of treatment, the prepared gel photothermal film has efficient photothermal evaporation performance, and can realize seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
  • Example 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 2 is a comparison diagram of the photothermal evaporation efficiency of the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention under different sunlight.
  • Example 3 is a concentration diagram of the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention before and after removing ions in seawater.
  • Example 4 is a comparison diagram before and after the removal of the oil-water mixture sample by the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 5 is a comparison diagram before and after the dye removal sample of the phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a photograph of the phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • the phosphorus-based graphene raw material used is prepared with the authorized patent number of CN 110117006 B and the patent name as "a method for preparing graphene materials with high efficiency and environmental protection".
  • step (3) pour the phosphorus-based chitin solution obtained in step (2) onto a glass plate and scrape to form a film and make a hydrogel with a thickness of about 1 mm.
  • step 3 pour the phosphorus-based chitin solution obtained in step 2) onto a glass plate and scrape to form a film and make a hydrogel with a thickness of about 1 mm.
  • step (3) pour the phosphorus-based chitin solution obtained in step (2) onto a glass plate and scrape to form a film and make a hydrogel with a thickness of about 1 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photo of the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1; it can be seen from Figure 1 that the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1
  • the structure of the graphene-based chitin gel photothermal film is a structure with a permeable and interpenetrating capillary network of membrane pores, which will provide sufficient capillary force to facilitate the evaporation process during the photothermal water evaporation process.
  • Fig. 2 is the photothermal evaporation efficiency comparison diagram of the phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention under different sunlight intensities;
  • the thermal evaporation efficiency can reach 1.76 kg/m 2 ⁇ h, and it can reach 5.93 kg/m 2 ⁇ h under the four sunlight intensities. increases and increases.
  • Fig. 3 is the concentration before and after removal of ions in seawater by the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; it can be seen from Fig. 3 that the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film has relatively High seawater removal rate, the removal rate of Na 1+ , K 1+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ions can reach 99.9%.
  • Fig. 4 is a comparison diagram before and after the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention removes the oil-water mixture sample; it can be seen from Fig. 4 that the phosphorus-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film is used for oil-water mixture
  • the mixture has a high separation effect, and the oil component removal rate can reach 99%.
  • Fig. 5 is the comparison diagram before and after the dye-removing sewage sample prepared by the phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; it can be seen from the figure that the photothermal film has obvious effect on dye separation, and the removal rate of dye Can reach 99%.
  • Example 6 is a photograph of the phosphor-based graphene chitin gel photothermal film prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen from the figure that the color of the gel photothermal film is black.

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Abstract

本发明公布了一种具有光热转化水处理功能的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜，它是以磷基石墨烯和甲壳素为原料，经过在碱溶体系统中将磷基石墨烯与甲壳素进行包裹结合，并经过冻融技术溶解，将带负电的磷基石墨烯与正电甲壳素紧密融合，再刮制成膜，该技术首次将生物材料甲壳素引入光热水处理领域，所制备凝胶光热膜具有高效的光热水蒸发性能，可以实现海水淡化和污水处理。

Description

一种磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜及其制备方法及应用 技术领域
本发明涉及光热薄膜领域，具体涉及一种具有光热水处理功能的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜及其制备方法和。
 背景技术
水资源是人类生活和自然发展的基础元素。水资源的短缺与污染对人类生存，人类健康，社会和经济的发展有着极大影响。在世界上，各类疾病中有大约10%是由于饮水不卫生而导致，每年因饮水不健康而死亡的人数超千万。
水资源不仅对人类的生活和健康息息相关，同时对工业生产也有着极大影响，随着对水质要求的不断提高，水处理技术显得尤为关键，传统的水处理技术过程复杂，成本较高，激发了新的水处理技术不断发展。
膜技术作为水处理领域高新技术具有很多优势，膜技术具有占地少，处理工艺简单，出水水质好，不需要助剂等优势，逐渐应用在各种水处理工艺过程中。普通膜技术应用在水处理中为压力驱动膜过程，因此能耗相对较大，近年来，太阳光驱动水蒸发相关技术的出现为水处理提供了新的思路。因此，开发具有高效太阳能光热转化性能的膜材料尤为关键。这种新一代的膜材料应用到太阳光驱动蒸发体系中可以提高光热水蒸发效率，有望替代传统膜，应用于污水处理和海水淡化。
发明内容
针对上述背景技术中提到的的技术问题，本发明目的在于提供一种具有光热转化水处理功能的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法及应用领域，该凝胶光热膜具有互穿网络结构，可以由毛细管力将水吸收并分散在膜表面。
本发明第一个方面提供一种磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，以磷基石墨烯和甲壳素为原料，在碱溶体系中磷基石墨烯与甲壳素包裹结合，经过冷冻-解冻过程溶解，将带负电的磷基石墨烯与带正电的甲壳素紧密融合，再刮制/涂覆/喷淋成膜，即得。该技术首次将生物材料甲壳素引入光热水处理领域，所制备凝胶光热膜具有高效的光热水蒸发性能，可以实现海水淡化和污水处理。需要说明的是，本发明所使用的磷基石墨烯原料是以授权专利号为CN 110117006 B，专利名称为“一种高效环保制备石墨烯材料的方法”制备得到的。
具体的，本发明提供一种磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
1）、将甲壳素和磷基石墨烯混合在碱溶体系中，搅拌获得悬浮溶液，然后将悬浮液冷冻；
2）、在室温下将冷冻的固体完全解冻并搅拌形成均匀得到解冻悬浮液，将悬浮液离心除去气泡和杂质，获得磷基甲壳素溶液；
3）、将步骤2）得到的磷基甲壳素溶液倒在基底上刮制/涂覆/喷淋成膜制成水凝胶薄膜；
4）、将步骤3）制成的含有基底的水凝胶薄膜转移到热水中浸泡，水凝胶薄膜就从玻璃板上脱离，然后捞膜得到磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜。
在本发明的技术方案中，步骤1）中，所述甲壳素、磷基石墨烯和碱溶体系三者之间的质量比为（1%~8%）：（0.01%~1.6%）：（5%~41%）。
在本发明的技术方案中，步骤1）中，所述碱溶体系为碱溶液，所述碱溶液中氢氧化钾占碱溶液总重量的2%-15%，氢氧化锂占碱溶液总重量的1%-6%，尿素占碱溶液总重量的2%-20%，余量为水。
在本发明的技术方案中，步骤2）中，所述的冷冻是将悬浮液在-80℃冷冻2h以上；离心条件为0-5℃以400-10000 rpm离心3-15分钟。
在本发明的技术方案中，步骤3）中，所述基底选自玻璃板或者PET、PTFE、PP、PVC塑料底板中的一种，所述水凝胶薄膜的厚度为0.1~10 mm。
在本发明的技术方案中，步骤4）中，热水的温度为4~80℃，浸泡时间为1~2000分钟。
本发明第二个方面是提供上述任意制备方法制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜；优选的，所述磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜为具有膜孔通透互穿毛细网络的结构。
本发明第三个方面是提供上述任意制备方法制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在海水淡化和污水处理领域的应用。
具体的，磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在海水淡化和污水处理领域的应用，光热水处理的实施包括以下步骤：
1）、将磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜置于圆形泡沫层上得到磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜/泡沫层组合件；
2）、再将磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜/泡沫层组合件置于需要淡化的海水或需要处理的污水的水面上：
3）、最后在模拟太阳光下进行海水蒸发或污水净化。
在本发明的技术方案中，所述污水包括污水油水混合物、染料废水。
本发明所构思的技术方案与现有的技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
本发明公布了一种具有光热转化水处理功能的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜，它是以磷基石墨烯和甲壳素为原料，经过在碱溶体系统中将磷基石墨烯与甲壳素进行包裹结合，并经过冻融技术溶解，将带负电的磷基石墨烯与带正电的甲壳素紧密融合，再刮制成膜，该技术首次将生物材料甲壳素引入光热水处理领域，所制备凝胶光热膜具有高效的光热水蒸发性能，可以实现海水淡化和污水处理。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的扫描电子显微镜照片图。
图2为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在不同太阳光下的光热蒸发效率对比图。
图3为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜去除海水中离子前后的浓度图。
图4为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜去除油水混合物样品前后对比图。
图5为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜去除染料样品前后对比图。
图6为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜照片图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；下述实施例中所用的试剂与材料等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
需要说明的是，下述实施例中，所使用的磷基石墨烯原料是以授权专利号为CN 110117006 B，专利名称为“一种高效环保制备石墨烯材料的方法”制备得到的。
实施例1
本实施例磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）、称取氢氧化钾7g，氢氧化锂8 g，尿素8 g，水71.5 g配制成碱溶体系溶液，称取5 g甲壳素和0.5g磷基石墨烯混合在碱溶体系溶液中，搅拌获得悬浮溶液，然后将悬浮液转移至-80℃的冰箱中保存直至冷冻。
2）、将冷冻固体完全解冻并在室温下搅拌以形成相对均匀的悬浮液。将悬浮液在5℃以10000 rpm离心5分钟以除去气泡和杂质，以获得磷基甲壳素溶液。
3）、将步骤(2）得到的磷基甲壳素溶液倒在玻璃板上刮制成膜并制成约1mm厚度的水凝胶。
4）、将具有水凝胶的玻璃板立即转移到40℃的热水中浸泡30分钟以将薄膜溶液转化成磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜。
应用：将实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在污水处理领域的应用。光热水处理的实施包括以下步骤：
1）取洁净的500mL的烧杯，向烧杯中分别倒入400 mL海水、油水混合物或染料废水中；
2）然后将磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜置于约2cm厚直径约9cm直径的圆形泡沫层上；
3）再将磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜/泡沫层组合件置于烧杯中的水面上，磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜在最上方：
4）最后将上述装置置于电子天平上，将质量归零，在模拟真实太阳光光谱和强度下分别进行油水混合物的分离以及染料污水的净化。
实施例2
本实施例磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）称取氢氧化钾2 g，氢氧化锂1 g，尿素2 g，水93.99 g配制成以碱溶体系溶液，称取1 g甲壳素和0.01 g磷基石墨烯混合在碱溶体系溶液中，搅拌获得悬浮溶液，然后将悬浮液转移至-80℃的冰箱中保存直至冷冻。
2）、将冷冻固体完全解冻并在室温下搅拌以形成相对均匀的悬浮液。将悬浮液在0℃以6000 rpm离心5分钟以除去气泡和杂质，以获得磷基甲壳素溶液。
3）、将步骤2）得到的磷基甲壳素溶液倒在玻璃板上刮制成膜并制成约1mm厚度的水凝胶。
4）、将具有水凝胶的玻璃板立即转移到40℃的热水中浸泡30分钟以将薄膜溶液转化成磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜。
应用：将实施例2制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在污水处理领域的应用。光热水处理的实施包括以下步骤：
1）取洁净的500mL的烧杯，向烧杯中分别倒入400 mL海水、油水混合物或染料废水中；
2）然后将磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜置于约2cm厚直径约9cm直径的圆形泡沫层上；
3）再将磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜/泡沫层组合件置于烧杯中的水面上，磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜在最上方：
4）最后将上述装置置于电子天平上，将质量归零，在模拟真实太阳光光谱和强度下分别进行油水混合物的分离以及染料污水的净化。
实施例3
本实施例磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）、称取氢氧化钾15 g，氢氧化锂6 g，尿素20 g，水49.4 g配制成以碱溶体系溶液，称取8 g甲壳素和1.6 g磷基石墨烯混合在碱溶体系溶液中，搅拌获得悬浮溶液，然后将悬浮液转移至-80℃的冰箱中保存直至冷冻。
2）、将冷冻固体完全解冻并在室温下搅拌以形成相对均匀的悬浮液。将悬浮液在5℃以10000 rpm离心8分钟以除去气泡和杂质，以获得磷基甲壳素溶液。
3）、将步骤(2）得到的磷基甲壳素溶液倒在玻璃板上刮制成膜并制成约1mm厚度的水凝胶。
4）、将具有水凝胶的玻璃板立即转移到40℃的热水中浸泡30分钟以将薄膜溶液转化成磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜。
应用：将实施例3制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在污水处理领域的应用。光热水处理的实施包括以下步骤：
1）取洁净的500mL的烧杯，向烧杯中分别倒入400 mL海水、油水混合物或染料废水中；
2）然后将磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜置于约2cm厚直径约9cm直径的圆形泡沫层上；
3）再将磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜/泡沫层组合件置于烧杯中的水面上，磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜在最上方：
4）最后将上述装置置于电子天平上，将质量归零，在模拟真实太阳光光谱和强度下进行分别进行油水混合物的分离以及染料污水的净化。
一、结果与分析
以实施例1为例进行表征分析，图1为实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的扫描电子显微镜照片；从图1中可以看出，本发明制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的结构是具有膜孔通透互穿毛细网络的结构，此结构在光热水蒸发过程中会提供充足的毛细管力有助于蒸发过程。
图2为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在不同太阳光强度下的光热蒸发效率对比图；从蒸发曲线中可以看出在一个太阳光强度下光热的蒸发效率可以达到1.76 kg/m 2·h，四个太阳光强度下可以达到 5.93 kg/m 2·h，可以说明此光热膜膜水蒸发速率较高，蒸发速率随着太阳光强度的增大而增大。
图3为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜去除海水中离子前后的浓度；从图3中可以看出磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜具有较高的海水去除率，对于Na 1+,K 1+,Ca 2+,Mg 2+离子的去除率均可以达到99.9%。
图4为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜去除油水混合物样品前后对比图；从图4中可以看出磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜对于油水混合物具有较高的分离效果，对其中油组分去除率可以达到99%。
图5为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜去除染料污水样品前后对比图；从图中可以看出光热膜对于染料分离效果明显，对染料的去除率可以达到99%。
图6为本发明实施例1制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜照片图，从图中可以看出凝胶光热膜颜色呈黑色。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思和特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，其特征在于，以磷基石墨烯和甲壳素为原料，在碱溶体系中磷基石墨烯与甲壳素包裹结合，经过冷冻-解冻过程溶解，将带负电的磷基石墨烯与带正电的甲壳素紧密融合，再刮制/涂覆/喷淋成膜，即得。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
    1）、将甲壳素和磷基石墨烯混合在碱溶体系中，搅拌获得悬浮溶液，然后将悬浮液冷冻；
    2）、在室温下将冷冻的固体完全解冻并搅拌形成均匀得到解冻悬浮液，将悬浮液离心除去气泡和杂质，获得磷基甲壳素溶液；
    3）、将步骤2）得到的磷基甲壳素溶液倒在基底上刮制/涂覆/喷淋成膜制成水凝胶薄膜；
    4）、将步骤3）制成的含有基底的水凝胶薄膜转移到热水中浸泡，水凝胶薄膜就从玻璃板上脱离，然后捞膜得到磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中，所述甲壳素、磷基石墨烯和碱溶体系三者之间的质量比为（1%~8%）：（0.01%~1.6%）：（5%~41%）。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中，所述碱溶体系为碱溶液，所述碱溶液中氢氧化钾占碱溶液总重量的2%-15%，氢氧化锂占碱溶液总重量的1%-6%，尿素占碱溶液总重量的2%-20%，余量为水。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）中，所述的冷冻是将悬浮液在-80℃冷冻2h以上；离心条件为0-5℃以400-10000 rpm离心3-15分钟。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3）中，所述基底选自玻璃板或者PET、PTFE、PP、PVC塑料底板中的一种，所述水凝胶薄膜的厚度为0.1~10 mm；
    优选的，步骤4）中，热水的温度为4~80℃，浸泡时间为1~2000分钟。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜；优选的，所述磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜为具有膜孔通透互穿毛细网络的结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在海水淡化和污水处理领域的应用。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜在海水淡化和污水处理领域的应用，光热水处理的实施包括以下步骤：
    1）、将磷基石墨烯甲壳素凝胶光热膜置于圆形泡沫层上得到磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜/泡沫层组合件；
    2）、再将磷基石墨烯甲壳素光热膜/泡沫层组合件置于需要淡化的海水或需要处理的污水的水面上：
    3）、最后在模拟太阳光下进行海水蒸发或污水净化。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用，所述污水包括污水油水混合物、染料废水。
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