WO2022209126A1 - 固体撮像素子、撮像装置、および、固体撮像素子の制御方法 - Google Patents
固体撮像素子、撮像装置、および、固体撮像素子の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
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Definitions
- This technology relates to solid-state imaging devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device that performs AD (Analog to Digital) conversion for each column, an imaging device, and a control method for the solid-state imaging device.
- AD Analog to Digital
- solid-state imaging devices use a column ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) method, in which an ADC is arranged for each column outside the pixel array section and pixel signals are sequentially read out row by row, with the aim of miniaturizing the pixels. It is In this column ADC method, rolling shutter distortion may occur if exposure is performed by a rolling shutter method in which exposure is started row by row. Therefore, in order to realize a global shutter method in which exposure is started simultaneously for all pixels, a solid-state imaging device has been proposed in which a plurality of capacitors are provided for each pixel and the reset level and signal level are held in these capacitors (for example, , Non-Patent Document 1). In this solid-state imaging device, two vertical signal lines are wired for each column, a reset level and a signal level are read simultaneously, and a buffer circuit and an ADC for obtaining the difference between these levels are arranged for each column.
- ADC Analog to Digital Converter
- Ken Miyauchi, et al. A Stacked Back Side-Illuminated Voltage Domain Global Shutter CMOS Image Sensor with a 4.0 ⁇ m Multiple Gain Readout Pixel, Sensors 2020, 20, 486.
- the reset level and signal level are held in a plurality of capacitors for each pixel, thereby realizing a global shutter method in the column ADC method.
- noise may occur in the pixel signal due to the path of the two vertical signal lines and the offset component of the ADC. As a result, there is a problem that the image quality of the image data is degraded.
- This technology was created in view of this situation, and aims to improve image quality in solid-state imaging devices that expose all pixels simultaneously.
- a first aspect of the present technology is a pair of floating diffusion layers that convert transferred charges into a voltage, and a gap between the pair of floating diffusion layers.
- a front-stage circuit having a conversion efficiency control transistor for controlling the conversion efficiency of converting the electric charge into the voltage by opening and closing the path; and a fourth capacitive element, a selection circuit for selecting one of the other ends of each of the first, second, third and fourth capacitive elements and connecting it to a predetermined post-stage node;
- a solid-state imaging device comprising a post-stage circuit for reading, through the post-stage node, a reset level obtained by amplifying the voltage when the diffusion layer is initialized and a signal level obtained by amplifying the voltage when the charge is transferred. , and its control method. This brings about the effect of improving the image quality in the solid-state imaging device.
- the conversion efficiency control transistor controls the conversion efficiency to either a high conversion efficiency higher than a predetermined value or a low conversion efficiency lower than the predetermined value
- the first capacitive element is , the reset level when the conversion efficiency is the high conversion efficiency is held as an HC (High Conversion) reset level, and the second capacitive element changes the signal level when the conversion efficiency is the high conversion efficiency to an HC signal.
- the third capacitive element holds the reset level when the conversion efficiency is the low conversion efficiency as an LC (Low Conversion) reset level
- the fourth capacitive element holds the reset level when the conversion efficiency is the above
- the signal level at low conversion efficiency may be retained as the LC signal level. This provides the effect of enabling dual gain drive and global shutter operation.
- an analog-to-digital converter for converting each of the HC reset level, the HC signal level, the LC reset level, and the LC signal level into digital signals;
- a difference between the digital signal and the digital signal corresponding to the HC signal level is calculated as HC difference data, and a difference between the digital signal corresponding to the LC reset level and the digital signal corresponding to the LC signal level is calculated as LC.
- a correlated double sampling processing unit that calculates the difference data; an illumination determination unit that determines whether the illumination is higher than a predetermined value based on the HC difference data and generates a determination result;
- a post-stage selector that selects either the HC differential data or the LC differential data may further be provided. This brings about the effect of selecting the conversion efficiency according to the illuminance.
- the latter-stage node includes an HC-side latter-stage node and an LC-side latter-stage node, and the selection circuit selects one of the other ends of each of the first and second capacitive elements. and an LC side selection circuit that selects one of the other ends of the third and fourth capacitive elements and connects it to the LC side later node.
- the post-stage circuit comprises: a post-HC side circuit for reading out the HC signal level and the HC reset level from the post-HC side node and outputting them via the HC-side vertical signal line; An LC-side post-stage circuit that reads the signal level and the LC reset level and outputs them via the LC-side vertical signal line may be provided. This brings about the effect that the signal on the HC side and the signal on the LC side are read out at the same time.
- a front-stage selector that selects either the potential of the HC side vertical signal line or the potential of the LC side vertical signal line according to a predetermined latch output signal and outputs the selected potential as an output potential;
- a comparator that compares an output potential with a predetermined reference voltage and outputs a comparison result, a latch circuit that generates the latch output signal based on the comparison result, and a period until the comparison result is inverted.
- a counter for counting the count value may be further provided. This brings about the effect that the illuminance is determined based on the analog signal.
- the first aspect further includes fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth capacitive elements, and the pair of floating diffusion layers is a pair of first floating diffusion layers in the first pixel and a pair of first floating diffusion layers in the first pixel. including a pair of second floating diffusion layers in two pixels, wherein the conversion efficiency control transistor includes a first conversion efficiency control transistor in the first pixel and a second conversion efficiency control transistor in the second pixel;
- the pre-stage circuit includes a first pre-stage circuit in which the pair of first floating diffusion layers and the first conversion efficiency control transistor are arranged, the pair of second floating diffusion layers, and the second conversion efficiency control.
- a second pre-stage circuit in which a transistor is arranged; one ends of the first, second, third and fourth capacitive elements are commonly connected to the first pre-stage circuit; One ends of the sixth, seventh and eighth capacitive elements may be commonly connected to the second pre-stage circuit.
- the pre-stage circuit is provided on a first chip, and the first, second, third, and fourth capacitive elements, the selection circuit, and the post-stage circuit are provided on a second chip. may be provided on the chip. This brings about the effect of facilitating miniaturization of pixels.
- the device may further include an analog-to-digital converter that sequentially converts the reset level and the signal level into digital signals, and the analog-to-digital converter may be provided in a third chip. This brings about the effect of facilitating miniaturization of pixels.
- a second aspect of the present technology includes a pair of floating diffusion layers that convert the transferred charge into a voltage, and a conversion efficiency that converts the charge into the voltage by opening and closing a path between the pair of floating diffusion layers.
- a pre-stage circuit in which a conversion efficiency control transistor for controlling is arranged; first, second, third and fourth capacitive elements having one ends commonly connected to the pre-stage circuit; a selection circuit for selecting one of the other ends of each of the third and fourth capacitive elements and connecting it to a predetermined post-stage node; and a reset amplifying the voltage when the pair of floating diffusion layers are initialized.
- An imaging device comprising: a post-stage circuit that reads a level and a signal level obtained by amplifying the voltage when the charge is transferred via the post-stage node; and a signal processing circuit that processes the reset level and the signal level. be. This brings about the effect of improving the image quality in the imaging device.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing an example of global shutter operation according to the first embodiment of the present technology; 4 is a timing chart showing an example of a pixel readout operation according to the first embodiment of the present technology; 6 is a timing chart showing another example of the pixel readout operation according to the first embodiment of the present technology; It is a figure for explaining a correction method of digital gain in a 1st embodiment of this art.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel in a comparative example; It is a figure which shows an example of the state of each pixel at the time of initialization of a latter node in 1st Embodiment of this technique, and at the time of read-out of a reset level.
- FIG. 9 is a timing chart showing an example of global shutter operation in a 2nd embodiment of this art.
- 9 is a timing chart showing an example of readout operation of the first pixel according to the second embodiment of the present technology;
- 9 is a timing chart showing an example of readout operation of the second pixel according to the second embodiment of the present technology;
- It is a timing chart which shows an example of read-out operation of a pixel in a modification of a 2nd embodiment of this art.
- 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system;
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an installation position of an imaging unit;
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an imaging device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- This imaging device 100 is a device for capturing image data, and includes an imaging lens 110 , a solid-state imaging device 200 , a recording section 120 and an imaging control section 130 .
- As the imaging device 100 a digital camera or an electronic device (smartphone, personal computer, etc.) having an imaging function is assumed.
- the solid-state imaging device 200 captures image data under the control of the imaging control section 130 .
- the solid-state imaging device 200 supplies image data to the recording section 120 via the signal line 209 .
- the imaging lens 110 collects light and guides it to the solid-state imaging device 200 .
- the imaging control unit 130 controls the solid-state imaging device 200 to capture image data.
- the imaging control unit 130 supplies imaging control signals including, for example, the vertical synchronization signal XVS to the solid-state imaging device 200 via the signal line 139 .
- the recording unit 120 records image data.
- the vertical synchronization signal XVS is a signal indicating the timing of imaging, and a periodic signal with a constant frequency (60 Hz, etc.) is used as the vertical synchronization signal XVS.
- the imaging device 100 records image data
- the image data may be transmitted to the outside of the imaging device 100.
- an external interface is further provided for transmitting image data.
- the imaging device 100 may further display image data.
- a display section is further provided.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state imaging device 200 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- This solid-state imaging device 200 includes a vertical scanning circuit 211 , a pixel array section 220 , a timing control circuit 212 , a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) 213 , a load MOS circuit block 250 and a column signal processing circuit 260 .
- a pixel array section 220 a plurality of pixels such as the pixel 301 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice.
- each circuit in the solid-state imaging device 200 is provided on, for example, a single semiconductor chip.
- the timing control circuit 212 controls the operation timings of the vertical scanning circuit 211, the DAC 213, and the column signal processing circuit 260 in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal XVS from the imaging control section .
- the DAC 213 generates a sawtooth ramp signal by DA (Digital to Analog) conversion.
- the DAC 213 supplies the generated ramp signal to the column signal processing circuit 260 .
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sequentially selects and drives rows to output analog pixel signals.
- a pixel photoelectrically converts incident light to generate an analog pixel signal. This pixel supplies a pixel signal to the column signal processing circuit 260 through the load MOS circuit block 250 .
- the load MOS circuit block 250 is provided with a MOS transistor for supplying a constant current for each column.
- the column signal processing circuit 260 executes signal processing such as AD (Analog to Digital) conversion processing and CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) processing on pixel signals for each column.
- the column signal processing circuit 260 supplies the image data made up of the processed signals to the recording unit 120 . Note that the column signal processing circuit 260 is an example of the signal processing circuit described in the claims.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing one configuration example of the pixel 301 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- a pre-stage circuit 310 In this pixel 301, a pre-stage circuit 310, capacitive elements 331 to 334, a selection circuit 350, a post-stage reset transistor 361, and a post-stage circuit 370 are arranged.
- Capacitors with MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) structure for example, are used as the capacitive elements 331 to 334 .
- the capacitive elements 331 to 334 are examples of the first, second, third, and fourth capacitive elements described in the claims.
- the pre-stage circuit 310 sequentially generates a reset level and a signal level and causes capacitive elements 331 and 332 to hold them.
- This pre-stage circuit 310 includes a photoelectric conversion element 311 , a transfer transistor 312 , an FD (Floating Diffusion) reset transistor 313 , an FD 314 , a pre-stage amplification transistor 315 and a current source transistor 316 .
- Pre-stage circuit 310 further includes conversion efficiency control transistor 317 and FD 318 .
- the photoelectric conversion element 311 generates charges by photoelectric conversion.
- the transfer transistor 312 transfers charges from the photoelectric conversion element 311 to at least one of the FDs 314 and 318 according to the transfer signal trg from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the FD reset transistor 313 extracts charges from the FDs 314 and 318 in accordance with the FD reset signal rst from the vertical scanning circuit 211 for initialization.
- the FDs 314 and 318 accumulate charges and generate voltages according to the amount of charges.
- the front-stage amplification transistor 315 amplifies the voltage levels of the FDs 314 and 318 and outputs them to the front-stage node 330 .
- the conversion efficiency control transistor 317 opens and closes the path between the FDs 314 and 318 according to the control signal fdg from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the conversion efficiency control transistor 317 is in the ON state, the FD314 and the FD318 are connected and their combined capacitance becomes larger than that of the FD314.
- the conversion efficiency of converting electric charge into voltage is lower than when the FD 314 alone is used.
- the value of the conversion efficiency at this time is hereinafter referred to as "low conversion efficiency” or "LC (Low Conversion)".
- the conversion efficiency control transistor 317 when the conversion efficiency control transistor 317 is in the off state, the charge is converted into voltage only by the FD 314, and the value of the conversion efficiency is higher than LC.
- the value of the conversion efficiency at this time is hereinafter referred to as "high conversion efficiency” or "HC (High Conversion)".
- the respective drains of the FD reset transistor 313 and the pre-amplification transistor 315 are connected to the power supply voltage VDD.
- Current source transistor 316 is connected to the source of pre-amplification transistor 315 . This current source transistor 316 supplies the current id1 under the control of the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- each of the capacitive elements 331 to 334 is commonly connected to the preceding node 330 , and the other end is connected to the selection circuit 350 .
- the selection circuit 350 includes selection transistors 351 to 354 .
- the selection transistor 351 opens and closes the path between the capacitive element 331 and the post-stage node 360 according to the selection signal ⁇ ph from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the selection transistor 352 opens and closes the path between the capacitive element 332 and the post-stage node 360 according to the selection signal ⁇ dh from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the selection transistor 353 opens and closes the path between the capacitive element 333 and the subsequent node 360 according to the selection signal ⁇ pl from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the selection transistor 354 opens and closes the path between the capacitive element 334 and the subsequent node 360 according to the selection signal ⁇ dl from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the post-stage reset transistor 361 initializes the level of the post-stage node 360 to a predetermined potential Vreg according to the post-stage reset signal rstb from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- a potential different from the power supply voltage VDD (for example, a potential lower than VDD) is set to the potential Vreg.
- the post-stage circuit 370 includes a post-stage amplification transistor 371 and a post-stage selection transistor 372 .
- the rear-stage amplification transistor 371 amplifies the level of the rear-stage node 360 .
- the post-stage selection transistor 372 outputs a signal of a level amplified by the post-stage amplification transistor 371 to the vertical signal line 309 as a pixel signal in accordance with the post-stage selection signal selb from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- nMOS n-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies high-level FD reset signal rst, control signal fdg, and transfer signal trg to all rows at the start of exposure. Thereby, the photoelectric conversion element 311 is initialized.
- this control will be referred to as "PD reset”.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the control signal fdg, the post-stage reset signal rstb, and the selection signal ⁇ pl to high level for all rows immediately before the end of exposure, and supplies the high-level FD reset signal rst over the pulse period. .
- This control is hereinafter referred to as "FD reset”.
- a level corresponding to the level of FD (314 and 318) at this time is held in capacitive element 333.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the selection signal ⁇ ph to high level while setting the control signal fdg to low level for all rows. HC is thereby set, and a level corresponding to the level of the FD 314 is held in the capacitive element 331 .
- the levels of the FDs 314 and 318 at the time of FD reset and the levels corresponding to the levels (holding levels of the capacitive elements 331 and 333 and the level of the vertical signal line 309) are collectively referred to as “P phase” or “reset called level.
- the reset level when HC is set is hereinafter referred to as “HC reset level”
- the reset level when LC is set is hereinafter referred to as "LC reset level”.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the control signal fdg to low level for all rows, sets the post-stage reset signal rstb to high level, and supplies the transfer signal trg of high level over the pulse period.
- HC is set, and signal charges corresponding to the amount of exposure are transferred to the FD 314 .
- a high-level selection signal ⁇ dh is supplied to all rows, and a level corresponding to the level of the FD 314 at this time is held in the capacitive element 332 .
- phase D The levels of the FDs 314 and 318 during signal charge transfer and the levels corresponding thereto (holding levels of the capacitive elements 332 and 334 and the level of the vertical signal line 309) are collectively referred to as “phase D” or It is called “signal level”.
- the signal level when HC is set is hereinafter referred to as “HC signal level”
- the reset level when LC is set is hereinafter referred to as "LC signal level”.
- Exposure control that simultaneously starts and ends exposure for all pixels in this way is called a global shutter method.
- the pre-stage circuits 310 of all pixels sequentially generate the LC reset level, HC reset level, HC signal level and LC signal level.
- the LC reset level is held in the capacitive element 333 and the HC reset level is held in the capacitive element 331 .
- the HC signal level is held in capacitive element 332 and the LC signal level is held in capacitive element 334 .
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sequentially selects the row and sequentially outputs the HC reset level, HC signal level, LC reset level and LC signal level of that row.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the post-stage selection signal selb, the FD reset signal rst, and the control signal fdg of the selected row to high level, and keeps the post-stage reset signal rstb of high level for the pulse period. to feed the selected row.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level selection signal ⁇ ph for a predetermined period.
- the capacitive element 331 is connected to the post-stage node 360, and the HC reset level is read.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level selection signal ⁇ dh for a predetermined period.
- the capacitive element 332 is connected to the post-stage node 360, and the HC signal level is read.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level selection signal ⁇ pl for a predetermined period.
- the capacitive element 333 is connected to the post-stage node 360, and the LC reset level is read.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level selection signal ⁇ dl for a predetermined period.
- the capacitive element 334 is connected to the post-stage node 360, and the LC signal level is read out.
- the selection circuit 350 of the selected row performs control to disconnect the capacitive elements 331 to 334 from the post-stage node 360 and control to sequentially select the capacitive elements 331 to 334 and connect them to the post-stage node 360. .
- the post-stage reset transistor 361 in the selected row initializes the level of the post-stage node 360 .
- the post-stage circuit 370 of the selected row sequentially reads the HC reset level, HC signal level, LC reset level and LC signal level from the capacitive elements 331 to 334 via the post-stage node 360 and outputs them to the vertical signal line 309 . .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining features of dual-gain driving in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the gain becomes high in the case of high conversion efficiency (HC), and the gain becomes high in the case of low conversion efficiency.
- the gain is low.
- the gain can be controlled in two stages by controlling the conversion efficiency.
- the conversion efficiency control transistor 317 and the FD 318 are not provided, the gain is a fixed value.
- the former driving of pixels is called “dual gain driving”, and the latter driving of pixels is called “single gain driving”.
- the gain is lowered when the illumination is high and the gain is raised when the illumination is low, thereby reducing the input conversion noise and increasing the Qs (in other words, improving the sensitivity). can be done. Thereby, the image quality of image data can be improved.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the column signal processing circuit 260 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- a vertical signal line 309 is wired to the load MOS circuit block 250 for each column. Assuming that the number of columns is I (I is an integer), I vertical signal lines 309 are wired. A load MOS transistor 251 that supplies a constant current id2 is connected to each of the vertical signal lines 309 .
- an ADC 270 and a digital signal processing section 400 are arranged for each column.
- the ADC 270 uses the ramp signal rmp from the DAC 213 to convert each of the HC reset level, HC signal level, LC reset level and LC signal level from the corresponding column into digital signals.
- This ADC 270 comprises a comparator 271 , auto-zero switches 272 and 273 and a counter 274 .
- the comparator 271 compares the reset level or signal level from the vertical signal line 309 with a reference voltage that is the level of the ramp signal rmp. This comparator 271 supplies the comparison result VCO to the counter 274 .
- the auto-zero switch 272 short-circuits the inverting input terminal ( ⁇ ) and the output terminal of the comparator 271 according to the auto-zero signal az from the timing control circuit 212 .
- the auto-zero switch 273 short-circuits the non-inverting input terminal (+) and the output terminal of the comparator 271 according to the auto-zero signal az from the timing control circuit 212 .
- the counter 274 counts the count value until the comparison result VCO is inverted. This counter 274 supplies a digital signal indicating the count value to the digital signal processing section 400 .
- the digital signal processing unit 400 performs CDS processing, illuminance determination, digital gain correction, etc. on digital signals. Details of these processes will be described later.
- the digital signal processing unit 400 supplies the processed data to the recording unit 120 .
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the digital signal processing unit 400 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the digital signal processing section 400 includes a selector 411 , a memory 412 , a CDS processing section 420 , a selector 413 , an illuminance determination section 414 , a memory 415 , a selector 416 and a digital gain correction section 417 .
- the selector 411 switches the output destination of the digital signal from the ADC 270 according to the control of the timing control circuit 212 .
- DOph be the digital signal corresponding to the HC reset level
- DOdh be the digital signal corresponding to the HC signal level
- DOpl be the digital signal corresponding to the LC reset level
- DOdl be the digital signal corresponding to the LC signal level.
- the selector 411 outputs and holds the digital signals DOph and DOpl corresponding to the reset level to the memory 412 and outputs the digital signals DOdh and DOdl corresponding to the signal level to the CDS processing section 420 .
- the CDS processing section 420 performs CDS processing to find the difference between the reset level and the signal level.
- This CDS processing unit 420 includes a subtractor 421 .
- the subtractor 421 finds the difference between the digital signal DOph corresponding to the HC reset level and the digital signal DOdh corresponding to the HC signal level, and supplies it to the selector 413 as a digital signal DOh indicating the net HC signal level. Also, the subtractor 421 obtains the difference between the digital signal DOpl corresponding to the LC reset level and the digital signal DOdl corresponding to the LC signal level, and supplies it to the selector 413 as the digital signal DOl indicating the net LC signal level.
- the selector 411 switches the output destination of the digital signal from the subtractor 421 under the control of the timing control circuit 212 .
- the selector 411 supplies the digital signal DOh (HC signal level) at the time of HC setting to the illuminance determination section 414 and the memory 415 .
- the selector 411 also supplies the selector 416 with a digital signal DOl (LC signal level) when LC is set.
- the illuminance determination unit 414 determines whether or not the illuminance is higher than a predetermined value based on the digital signal DOh (HC signal level) when HC is set.
- the illuminance determination unit 414 compares the digital signal DOh with a predetermined threshold value Th, and determines that the illuminance is higher than the predetermined value when the digital signal DOh is higher than the threshold value Th. On the other hand, when the digital signal DOh is equal to or less than the threshold value Th, it is determined that the illuminance is a predetermined value or less.
- the illuminance determination unit 414 supplies the determination result DET to the selector 416 and the digital gain correction unit 417 .
- the selector 416 selects either the digital signal DOh (HC signal level) when HC is set or the digital signal DOl (LC signal level) when LC is set according to the determination result DET.
- the selector 416 selects the digital signal DOl for LC setting from the selector 413 and supplies it to the digital gain correction section 417 .
- the selector 416 selects the digital signal DOh at the time of HC setting held in the memory 415 and supplies it to the digital gain correction section 417 .
- the selector 416 is an example of a post-stage selector described in the claims.
- the digital gain correction section 417 corrects the signal level as necessary.
- the digital gain correction unit 417 outputs the digital signal DOl as it is to the recording unit 120 as the pixel data DO without correcting the digital signal DOl when the determination result DET indicates high illuminance.
- the digital gain correction unit 417 corrects the digital signal DOh so that the gain becomes the value at the LC setting, and outputs the corrected digital signal DOh to the recording unit 120 as pixel data DO.
- part or all of the processing of the digital signal processing unit 400 can also be executed outside the solid-state imaging device 200.
- at least part of the processing of the digital signal processing section 400 can be executed by a DSP (Digital Signal Processing) circuit.
- DSP Digital Signal Processing
- the ADC 270 can also perform the CDS processing.
- the counter 274 in the ADC 270 may change the counting operation between P-phase conversion and D-phase conversion.
- the counter 274 may down-count during P-phase conversion and up-count during D-phase conversion.
- the digital signal processing unit 400 determines the illuminance based on the digital signal DOh (HC signal level) after CDS processing, but determines the illuminance based on the digital signal DOdh (HC signal level) before CDS processing. You can also
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing an example of global shutter operation according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 applies high-level FD reset signal rst, control signal fdg, and transfer signal to all rows (in other words, all pixels) from timing T0 immediately before the start of exposure to timing T1 after the pulse period has elapsed. It supplies the signal trg. As a result, all pixels are PD-reset, and exposure is started simultaneously for all rows.
- N is an integer indicating the total number of lines
- n is an integer from 1 to N.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the control signal fdg, the post-stage reset signal rstb, and the selection signal ⁇ pl for all rows to high level. Also, the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level FD reset signal rst to all rows over the pulse period from timing T2. As a result, all pixels are FD reset.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the selection signal ⁇ pl of all rows to low level at timing T3.
- the LC reset level is sampled and held during the period from timing T2 to timing T3.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the control signal fdg for all rows to low level at timing T4, and sets the selection signal ⁇ ph for all rows to high level for the period from timing T4 to just before T5. This samples and holds the HC reset level.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level transfer signal trg to all rows over the pulse period from timing T5. This completes the exposure of all rows.
- the selection signals ⁇ dh for all rows are set to high level over the period from timing T6 to timing T7. This samples and holds the HC signal level.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the control signal fdg for all rows to high level at timing T8, and sets the selection signal ⁇ dl for all rows to high level for the period from timing T9 to T10. This samples and holds the LC signal level.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 turns on the current source transistors 316 in all rows to supply the current id1, and turns off the load MOS transistors 251 in all rows to stop the current id2.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing an example of a pixel readout operation according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the read operation in the figure is executed in synchronization with the horizontal synchronizing signal XHS.
- the horizontal synchronizing signal XHS is a timing signal whose frequency is higher than that of the vertical synchronizing signal XVS.
- the length of the readout period for each row corresponds to the period of the horizontal sync signal XHS.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the post-stage selection signal selb of the n-th row, the FD reset signal rst, and the control signal fdg to high level, and keeps the n-th row high over the pulse period.
- level of the post-stage reset signal rstb As a result, the level of the subsequent node 360 is initialized.
- rstb_[n] in the figure indicates a signal to the n-th pixel of the N rows.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies the high-level selection signal ⁇ ph to the n-th row over the period from timing T12 to just before T13.
- the DAC 213 gradually increases the voltage of the ramp signal rmp (that is, the reference voltage) over a certain period of time after the autozero period has elapsed. As a result, the HC reset level is read out via the vertical signal line 309 .
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level selection signal ⁇ dh to the n-th row over the period from timing T13 to just before T14.
- the DAC 213 gradually increases the voltage of the ramp signal rmp over a certain period of time. As a result, the HC signal level is read out via the vertical signal line 309 .
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies the high-level selection signal ⁇ pl to the n-th row over the period from timing T14 to just before T15.
- the DAC 213 gradually increases the voltage of the ramp signal rmp over a certain period of time after the auto-zero period has elapsed. Thereby, the LC reset level is read out through the vertical signal line 309 .
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level selection signal ⁇ dl to the n-th row over a period from timing T15 to timing T16 at which reading of the n-th row ends.
- the DAC 213 gradually increases the voltage of the ramp signal rmp over a certain period of time. Thereby, the LC signal level is read out via the vertical signal line 309 .
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 turns off the current source transistors 316 in all rows to stop the current id1, and turns on the load MOS transistors 251 in all rows to supply the current id2.
- the solid-state imaging device 200 outputs signals in the order of HC reset level (P phase), HC signal level (D phase), LC reset level (P phase), and LC signal level (D phase). Although it is read, it is not limited to this read order.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a digital gain correction method according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the vertical axis in the figure indicates the value of the digital signal in units of LSB (Least Significant Bit).
- the horizontal axis in the figure indicates the amount of signal charge.
- dashed-dotted line shows an example of the relationship between the digital value and the charge amount when the low conversion efficiency (LC) is set.
- the slope of this dashed-dotted line corresponds to the gain when LC is set.
- a detailed practice shows an example of the relationship between the digital value before correction and the amount of charge when setting high conversion efficiency (HC). The slope of this thin solid line corresponds to the gain before correction when HC is set.
- the digital signal processing unit 400 selects the digital signal DOh (HC signal level) at the time of HC setting, and corrects the gain so that it becomes the value at the time of LC setting. For example, if the gain when LC is set is GL and the gain when HC is set is GH , the digital signal processing unit 400 multiplies the digital signal DOh when HC is set by GL / GH .
- the thick line in the figure shows an example of the relationship between the corrected digital value and the charge amount when setting the HC.
- the slope of this thick solid line corresponds to the corrected gain when HC is set.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel in a comparative example.
- selection circuit 350, conversion efficiency control transistor 317 and FD 319 are not provided, and a transfer transistor is inserted between pre-stage node 330 and the pre-stage circuit.
- Capacitors C1 and C2 are inserted instead of the capacitive elements 331 to 334.
- FIG. Capacitor C 1 is inserted between pre-stage node 330 and the ground terminal, and capacity C 2 is inserted between pre-stage node 330 and post-stage node 360 .
- Exposure control and readout control of pixels in this comparative example are described, for example, in "Jae-kyu Lee, et al., A 2.1e-Temporal Noise and -105dB Parasitic Light Sensitivity Backside-Illuminated 2.3 ⁇ m-Pixel Voltage-Domain Global Shutter CMOS Image Sensor Using High-Capacity DRAM Capacitor Technology, ISSCC 2020”, Figure 5.5.2.
- the capacitance value of each of capacitors C1 and C2 is C
- kTC noise level Vn during exposure and reading is expressed by the following equation.
- Vn (3*kT/C) 1/2 Equation 1
- k is the Boltzmann's constant
- the unit is, for example, Joules per Kelvin (J/K).
- T is the absolute temperature, and the unit is, for example, Kelvin (K).
- the unit of Vn is, for example, volts (V)
- the unit of C is, for example, farads (F).
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the state of each pixel block when the subsequent node is initialized and when the reset level is read according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- a indicates the state of the pixel block 300 when the subsequent node 360 is initialized
- b indicates the state of the pixel block 300 when the reset level is read.
- the selection transistor 351, the selection transistor 352, and the post-stage reset transistor 361 are represented by the symbol of a switch for convenience of explanation. Also, the selection transistors 353 and 354 are omitted.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 opens the selection transistors 351 to 354 and closes the post-stage reset transistor 361, as illustrated by a in FIG. Thereby, capacitive elements 331 and 332 are disconnected from post-stage node 360, and the level of post-stage node 360 is initialized.
- the capacitance value of the parasitic capacitance Cp of the post-stage node 360 disconnected from the capacitive elements 331 and 332 is much smaller than that of the capacitive elements 331 and 332 .
- the parasitic capacitance Cp is several femtofarads (fF)
- the capacitive elements 331 and 332 are on the order of several tens of femtofarads.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 closes the selection transistor 351 and opens the selection transistor 352 and the post-stage reset transistor 361 .
- the HC reset level is read out via the post-stage circuit 370 .
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the state of the pixel block 300 when reading the signal level according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 After reading the HC reset level, the vertical scanning circuit 211 closes the selection transistor 352 and opens the selection transistor 351 and the post-stage reset transistor 361 . As a result, the HC signal level is read out via the post-stage circuit 370 .
- the post-stage reset transistor 361 is driven during reading, so kTC noise is generated at that time.
- the capacitive elements 331 and 332 are disconnected when the post-stage reset transistor 361 is driven, and the parasitic capacitance Cp at that time is small. Therefore, the kTC noise during readout can be ignored compared to the kTC noise during exposure. Therefore, the kTC noise during exposure and readout is expressed by Equation 2.
- the pixel block 300 in which the capacitance is separated during readout has smaller kTC noise than the comparative example in which the capacitance is not separated during readout. Thereby, the image quality of image data can be improved.
- FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the solid-state imaging device 200 according to the first embodiment of the present technology. This operation is started, for example, when a predetermined application for capturing image data is executed.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 exposes all pixels (step S901). Then, the vertical scanning circuit 211 selects a row to be read (step S902).
- the column signal processing circuit 260 reads the levels (HC reset level and HC signal level) for high conversion efficiency of the row (step S903), and performs CDS processing (step S904).
- the column signal processing circuit 260 reads the level (the LC reset level and the LC signal level) of the row when the conversion efficiency is low (step S905), and performs CDS processing (step S906).
- the column signal processing circuit 260 determines whether the illuminance is high for each column (step S907). If a column has low illuminance (step S907: No), the column signal processing circuit 260 selects the HC signal level for that column (step S908) and performs gain correction (step S909). If a column has high illumination (step S907: Yes), the column signal processing circuit 260 selects the LC signal level for that column (step S910).
- step S909 or S910 the solid-state imaging device 200 determines whether reading of all rows has been completed (step S911). If readout of all rows has not been completed (step S911: No), the solid-state imaging device 200 repeats step S902 and subsequent steps. On the other hand, when reading of all rows is completed (step S911: Yes), the solid-state imaging device 200 executes CDS processing and the like, and ends the operation for imaging. When image data of a plurality of images are continuously captured, steps S901 to S911 are repeatedly executed in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal.
- the solid-state imaging device 200 controls the conversion efficiency with the conversion efficiency control transistor 317, and the capacitive elements 331 to 334 have the HC reset level, HC signal level, It holds the LC reset level and LC signal level.
- the gain can be lowered at high illuminance and increased at low illuminance.
- This dual-gain driving makes it possible to improve the image quality by reducing the input-converted noise while increasing the sensitivity.
- the circuits in the solid-state imaging device 200 are provided on a single semiconductor chip. be.
- a solid-state imaging device 200 according to a first modification of the first embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the circuits in the solid-state imaging device 200 are distributed over two semiconductor chips.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the layered structure of the solid-state imaging device 200 in the first modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology.
- a solid-state imaging device 200 according to a first modification of the first embodiment includes a circuit chip 202 and pixel chips 201 stacked on the circuit chip 202 . These chips are electrically connected, for example, by Cu--Cu bonding. In addition to Cu--Cu bonding, vias and bumps can also be used for connection.
- An upper pixel array section 221 is arranged in the pixel chip 201 .
- a lower pixel array section 222 and a column signal processing circuit 260 are arranged in the circuit chip 202 .
- Some of the pixels in the pixel array section 220 are arranged in the upper pixel array section 221 and the rest are arranged in the lower pixel array section 222 .
- a vertical scanning circuit 211 , a timing control circuit 212 , a DAC 213 and a load MOS circuit block 250 are also arranged on the circuit chip 202 . These circuits are omitted in the figure.
- the pixel chip 201 is manufactured by, for example, a pixel-dedicated process
- the circuit chip 202 is manufactured by, for example, a CMOS (Complementary MOS) process.
- the pixel chip 201 is an example of the first chip described in the claims
- the circuit chip 202 is an example of the second chip described in the claims.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing one configuration example of the pixel 301 in the first modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the pre-stage circuit 310 is arranged on the pixel chip 201 , and other circuits and elements (capacitor elements 331 to 334 , etc.) are arranged on the circuit chip 202 .
- the current source transistor 316 can also be arranged on the circuit chip 202 .
- the area of the pixel can be reduced and the pixel can be easily miniaturized. Become.
- the circuits and elements in the pixel block 300 are distributed over two semiconductor chips, so that the pixels can be easily miniaturized. become.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the layered structure of the solid-state imaging device 200 according to the second modification of the first embodiment of the present technology.
- a solid-state imaging device 200 according to a second modification of the first embodiment includes an upper pixel chip 203 , a lower pixel chip 204 and a circuit chip 202 . These chips are stacked and electrically connected, for example, by Cu--Cu bonding. In addition to Cu--Cu bonding, vias and bumps can also be used for connection.
- An upper pixel array section 221 is arranged in the upper pixel chip 203 .
- a lower pixel array section 222 is arranged in the lower pixel chip 204 .
- Some of the pixels in the pixel array section 220 are arranged in the upper pixel array section 221 and the rest are arranged in the lower pixel array section 222 .
- a column signal processing circuit 260 In the circuit chip 202, a column signal processing circuit 260, a vertical scanning circuit 211, a timing control circuit 212, a DAC 213 and a load MOS circuit block 250 are arranged. Circuits other than the column signal processing circuit 260 are omitted in the figure.
- the upper pixel chip 203 is an example of the first chip described in the claims, and the lower pixel chip 204 is an example of the second chip described in the claims.
- the circuit chip 202 is an example of the third chip described in the claims.
- the lower pixel chip 204 of the second layer can be manufactured by a dedicated process for capacitors and switches.
- the circuits in the solid-state imaging device 200 are distributed over the three semiconductor chips, so that the circuits are distributed over the two semiconductor chips. Pixels can be further miniaturized as compared with the case where
- Second Embodiment> In the first embodiment described above, the illuminance is determined after the HC reset level, HC signal level, LC reset level, and LC signal level are sequentially AD-converted for each row. There is a risk of The solid-state imaging device 200 of the second embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in that the number of times of AD conversion is reduced and the reading speed is improved by determining the illuminance before AD conversion.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing one configuration example of the solid-state imaging device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present technology.
- a plurality of pixel blocks 300 are arranged in the pixel array section 220 of the second embodiment.
- Pixels 301 and 302 are arranged in each pixel block 300 .
- the pixels 301 and 302 are arranged vertically, for example.
- the pixels in the pixel block 300 can be arranged horizontally or diagonally.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing one configuration example of the pixel block 300 according to the second embodiment of the present technology.
- front-stage circuits 310 and 510, capacitive elements 331-334, capacitive elements 531-534, a selection circuit 350, rear-stage reset transistors 361 and 366, and a rear-stage circuit 370 are arranged.
- An HC side selection circuit 355 and an LC side selection circuit 356 are arranged in the selection circuit 350 . Further, in the post-stage circuit 370, an HC-side post-stage circuit 375 and an LC-side post-stage circuit 376 are arranged.
- each of the capacitive elements 331 and 332 is commonly connected to the front-stage circuit 310 via the front-stage node 330 , and the other end of each is connected to the HC side selection circuit 355 .
- One end of each of capacitive elements 333 and 334 is commonly connected to pre-stage circuit 310 via pre-stage node 330 , and the other end of each is connected to LC side selection circuit 356 .
- each of the capacitive elements 531 and 532 is commonly connected to the front-stage circuit 510 via the front-stage node 530 , and the other end of each is connected to the HC side selection circuit 355 .
- One end of each of capacitive elements 533 and 534 is commonly connected to front stage circuit 510 via front stage node 530 , and the other end of each is connected to LC side selection circuit 356 .
- the HC side selection circuit 355 is connected to the HC side rear stage circuit 375 via the rear stage node 360
- the LC side selection circuit 356 is connected to the LC side rear stage circuit 376 via the rear stage node 365 .
- the post-stage reset transistor 361 initializes the post-stage node 360 according to the post-stage reset signal rstb, and the post-stage reset transistor 366 initializes the post-stage node 365 according to the post-stage reset signal rstb.
- vertical signal lines 308 and 309 are wired in the pixel array section 220 for each column of the pixel block 300 .
- the HC side post-stage circuit 375 outputs a signal via the vertical signal line 309
- the LC side post-stage circuit 376 outputs a signal via the vertical signal line 308 .
- vsll be the potential of the vertical signal line 308
- vslh be the potential of the vertical signal line 309 .
- a circuit including the front-stage circuit 510 , the capacitors 531 to 534 , the selection circuit 350 , the rear-stage reset transistors 361 and 366 , and the rear-stage circuit 370 functions as the pixel 302 .
- the pixels 301 and 302 share the selection circuit 350 and subsequent circuits, so that the circuit scale can be reduced compared to the case where they are not shared.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing one configuration example of the pixel block 300 according to the second embodiment of the present technology.
- the configuration of the pre-stage circuit 310 of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the front-stage circuit 510 includes a photoelectric conversion element 511, a transfer transistor 512, an FD reset transistor 513, an FD 514, a front-stage amplification transistor 515, a current source transistor 516, a conversion efficiency control transistor 517, and an FD 518.
- the connection configuration of these elements is the same as that of the elements in the pre-stage circuit 310 .
- Selection transistors 351 , 352 , 551 and 552 are arranged in the HC side selection circuit 355 .
- Selection transistors 353 , 354 , 553 and 554 are arranged in the LC side selection circuit 356 .
- a post-amplification transistor 371 and a post-selection transistor 372 are arranged in the HC-side post-stage circuit 375
- a post-stage amplification transistor 377 and a post-stage selection transistor 378 are arranged in the LC-side post-stage circuit 376 .
- connection configuration of the selection transistors 351 to 354, the post-amplification transistor 371 and the post-stage selection transistor 372 in the second embodiment is the same as in the first embodiment.
- select transistors 351, 352, 353 and 354 are supplied with select signals ⁇ ph1, ⁇ dh1, ⁇ pl1 and ⁇ dl1.
- the selection transistor 551 opens and closes the path between the capacitive element 531 and the subsequent node 360 according to the selection signal ⁇ ph2 from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the selection transistor 552 opens and closes the path between the capacitive element 532 and the post-stage node 360 according to the selection signal ⁇ dh2 from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the selection transistor 553 opens and closes the path between the capacitive element 533 and the subsequent node 365 according to the selection signal ⁇ pl2 from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- the selection transistor 554 opens and closes the path between the capacitive element 534 and the post-stage node 365 according to the selection signal ⁇ dl2 from the vertical scanning circuit 211 .
- connection configurations of the post-amplification transistor 377 and the post-selection transistor 378 are the same as those of the post-amplification transistor 371 and the post-selection transistor 372 .
- the HC reset level and the HC signal level are output from the vertical signal line 309 by the circuit configuration illustrated in the figure. Also, the LC reset level and LC signal level are output from the vertical signal line 308 .
- the signals (reset level and signal level) on the HC side and the signals on the LC side can be read out in parallel.
- the pre-stage circuits 310 and 510 are examples of the first and second pre-stage circuits described in the claims.
- FDs 314 and 318 are an example of a pair of first floating diffusion layers described in claims.
- FDs 514 and 518 are examples of a pair of second floating diffusion layers described in the claims.
- the conversion efficiency control transistors 317 and 517 are examples of the first conversion efficiency control transistor and the second conversion efficiency control transistor described in the claims.
- Capacitive elements 531, 532, 533 and 534 are examples of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth capacitive elements described in the claims.
- the pixels 301 and 302 share the selection circuit 350 and subsequent ones, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which they are not shared.
- a circuit obtained by removing the pre-stage circuit 510, capacitive elements 531 to 534, and selection transistors 551 to 554 from the pixel block 300 is arranged in the pixel 301.
- FIG. 21 a circuit obtained by removing the pre-stage circuit 510, capacitive elements 531 to 534, and selection transistors 551 to 554 from the pixel block 300 is arranged in the pixel 301.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the column signal processing circuit 260 according to the second embodiment of the present technology.
- selector 261 and latch circuit 262 are arranged in column signal processing circuit 260 of the second embodiment for each column of pixel block 300 .
- the selector 261 selects either the potential vsll of the vertical signal line 308 on the LC side or the potential vslh of the vertical signal line 309 on the HC side according to the latch output signal LTO from the latch circuit 262 .
- the selector 261 outputs the selected potential to the comparator 271 in the ADC 270 as the output potential vsl. Note that the selector 261 is an example of a pre-stage selector described in the claims.
- the latch circuit 262 generates a latch output signal LTO based on the comparison result VCO.
- the reset signal L_rst, the set signal L_set and the latch signal LT from the timing control circuit 212 are input to the latch circuit 262 .
- Latch circuit 262 also outputs latch output signal LTO to selector 261 and digital signal processing section 400 .
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the latch circuit 262 according to the second embodiment of the present technology.
- the latch output signal LTO is reset to low level regardless of the set signal L_set, the latch signal LT, and the comparison result VCO (input).
- the latch output signal LTO is set at high level regardless of the latch signal LT and the comparison result VCO.
- the comparison result VCO is directly output as the latch output signal LTO.
- the latch circuit 262 When the reset signal L_rst, the set signal L_set and the latch signal LT are at low level, the latch circuit 262 is held and the previous value is output as the latch output signal LTO.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the digital signal processing unit 400 according to the second embodiment of the present technology.
- the digital signal processing section 400 of the second embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in that the selector 413, the illuminance determining section 414, the memory 415 and the selector 416 are not arranged.
- the CDS processing section 420 supplies the differential digital signal to the digital gain correction section 417 . Also, the digital gain correction unit 417 corrects the digital signal when the illuminance is high based on the latch output signal LTO.
- FIG. 25 is a timing chart showing an example of global shutter operation according to the second embodiment of the present technology.
- the control contents of the FD reset signal rst, control signal fdg, and transfer signal trg in the second embodiment are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 brings the selection signals ⁇ pl1 and ⁇ pl2 to high level during the period from timing T2 to T3. Then, the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the selection signals ⁇ ph1 and ⁇ ph2 to high level during the period from timing T4 to just before T5.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 brings the selection signals ⁇ dh1 and ⁇ dh2 to high level during the period from timing T6 to T7. Then, the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the selection signals ⁇ dl1 and ⁇ dl2 to high level during the period from timing T9 to timing T10.
- FIG. 26 is a timing chart showing an example of readout operation of the first pixel 301 according to the second embodiment of the present technology. Assume that the pixel 301 is on the n-th row and the pixel 302 is on the n+1-th row.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies a high-level post-stage reset signal rstb to the n-th row within a period from timing T11 to timing T12 at the start of reading of the n-th row, and the timing control circuit 212 outputs a high-level set signal. Provide L_set. Thereby, the subsequent node 360 is initialized.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the selection signal ⁇ dh1 to high level at timing T12, and sets the selection signal ⁇ dl1 to high level at timing T13.
- the comparator 271 performs an auto-zero operation during the period from timing T11 to timing T13.
- the potentials vsll and vslh of the vertical signal lines 308 and 309 rise according to the illuminance.
- the solid lines show the fluctuations of the potentials vsll and vslh at low illuminance
- the dotted lines show the fluctuations of the potentials vsll and vslh at high illuminance.
- the latch circuit 262 supplies a high-level latch output signal LTO during the auto-zero period.
- the selector 261 selects the LC-side potential vsll during the auto-zero period, selects the HC-side potential vslh during the determination period after the auto-zero period, and outputs it as the output potential vslo.
- the timing control circuit 212 supplies a high-level reset signal L_rst over the pulse period from timing T13, and supplies a high-level latch signal LT over the period from timing T14 to timing T15.
- the latch circuit 262 shifts to the through state at timing T14 and latches the comparison result VCO at timing T15.
- the ramp signal rmp rises by the threshold th during the period from timing T14 to T15.
- Comparator 271 compares the ramp signal rmp with output potential vslAlb.
- the comparison result VCO latched at timing T15 indicates whether or not the illuminance is higher than a predetermined value corresponding to the threshold th.
- the comparator 271 When the illuminance is low below a predetermined value, the comparator 271 outputs a low-level comparison result VCO, the latch circuit 262 latches the value, and the selector 261 changes the HC side potential vslh according to the output of the latch. select.
- a solid line in the figure indicates the fluctuation of the latch output signal LTO at low illuminance.
- the comparator 271 when the illuminance is high, the comparator 271 outputs a high level comparison result VCO, the latch circuit 262 latches the value, and the selector 261 selects the LC side potential vsll according to the output of the latch. .
- a dotted line in the figure indicates the variation of the latch signal LTO at high illuminance.
- the comparator 271 determines whether or not the illuminance is high based on the analog signal (vslschreib) before AD conversion.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 sets the selection signal ⁇ dl1 to low level and the selection signal ⁇ dh1 to low level for the n-th row at timing T16 after the illuminance determination.
- the reference voltage of the lamp signal rmp gradually rises from a predetermined timing after illuminance determination to timing T16.
- the selected one (D phase) of the LC signal level and the HC signal level is AD-converted.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies high-level selection signals ⁇ pl1 and ⁇ dph1 to the n-th row from immediately after timing T16 to timing T17.
- the reference voltage of the ramp signal rmp gradually rises from a predetermined timing after timing T16 to timing T17.
- the selected one (P phase) of the LC reset level and the HC reset level is AD-converted.
- the comparator 271 determines the illuminance before AD conversion and the selector 261 switches the vertical signal line, so only one AD conversion is required for each of the signal level and reset level. Therefore, the reading speed can be improved compared to the first embodiment in which AD conversion is performed twice for each of the signal level and the reset level.
- the timing control circuit 212 can also stop the supply of the current id2 corresponding to the vertical signal lines 308 and 309 that are not selected during the readout period after the timing T15 when the illuminance is determined. In this case, the timing control circuit 212 supplies the current id2 of both the LC side and the HC side from the start of reading to timing T15. When it is determined at timing T15 that the illuminance is high, the load MOS transistor 251 on the HC side is controlled to stop the supply of the current id2 on the HC side. On the other hand, when the illuminance is determined to be low, the timing control circuit 212 controls the LC-side load MOS transistor 251 to stop the supply of the LC-side current id2. This control can further reduce power consumption.
- FIG. 27 is a timing chart showing an example of readout operation of the second pixel 302 according to the second embodiment of the present technology. Since the pixels 302 are on the n+1th row, the vertical scanning circuit 211 drives the n+1th row as illustrated in the figure. The driving method is the same as that of the n-th row.
- the comparator 271 determines the illuminance before AD conversion and the selector 261 switches the vertical signal line, so the number of AD conversions can be reduced. . Thereby, the read speed can be improved.
- the solid-state imaging device 200 sequentially reads the pixel signals of the two pixels in the pixel block 300, but this configuration may result in insufficient readout speed.
- the solid-state imaging device 200 of the modification of the second embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in that pixel addition is performed.
- FIG. 28 is a timing chart showing an example of the pixel readout operation in the modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology.
- One of a plurality of modes including a non-addition mode in which pixel addition is not performed and an addition mode in which pixel addition is performed is set in the solid-state imaging device 200 of the modification of the second embodiment.
- the global shutter operation and readout operation in non-addition mode are the same as in the second embodiment.
- Global shutter operation in additive mode is similar to non-additive mode.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 controls the selection signals ⁇ dh2, ⁇ dl2, ⁇ pl2, and ⁇ ph2 at the same timing as the selection signals ⁇ dh1, ⁇ dl1, ⁇ pl1, and ⁇ ph1, as illustrated in the figure.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies high-level selection signals ⁇ dh1 and ⁇ dh2 to the nth and n+1th rows during the period from timing T12 to timing T16. During the period from timing T13 to timing T16, the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies high-level selection signals ⁇ dl1 and ⁇ dl2 to the nth and n+1th rows.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 supplies high-level selection signals ⁇ pl1, ⁇ ph1, ⁇ pl2, and ⁇ ph2 to the n-th and n+1-th rows during the period from immediately after timing T16 to timing T17.
- the pixel signals of two pixels are added by the above control.
- this pixel addition it is possible to improve the sensitivity and readout speed as compared with the case where the addition is not performed.
- the number of rows to be read out is reduced by pixel addition, power consumption can be reduced.
- the vertical scanning circuit 211 controls the selection signal of the pixel 302 at the same timing as the selection signal of the pixel 301. Pixel signals can be summed. As a result, sensitivity and read speed can be improved and power consumption can be reduced as compared with the case where the addition is not performed.
- the technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be realized as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as automobiles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, personal mobility, airplanes, drones, ships, and robots. may
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- a vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 12001.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside information detection unit 12030, an inside information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- a microcomputer 12051, an audio/image output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I/F (interface) 12053 are illustrated.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the driving system control unit 12010 includes a driving force generator for generating driving force of the vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism to adjust and a brake device to generate braking force of the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices equipped on the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as headlamps, back lamps, brake lamps, winkers or fog lamps.
- the body system control unit 12020 can receive radio waves transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for a key or signals from various switches.
- the body system control unit 12020 receives the input of these radio waves or signals and controls the door lock device, power window device, lamps, etc. of the vehicle.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle in which the vehicle control system 12000 is installed.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 is connected with an imaging section 12031 .
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 causes the imaging unit 12031 to capture an image of the exterior of the vehicle, and receives the captured image.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as people, vehicles, obstacles, signs, or characters on the road surface based on the received image.
- the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of received light.
- the imaging unit 12031 can output the electric signal as an image, and can also output it as distance measurement information.
- the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light or non-visible light such as infrared rays.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects in-vehicle information.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 is connected to, for example, a driver state detection section 12041 that detects the state of the driver.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that captures an image of the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether the driver is dozing off.
- the microcomputer 12051 calculates control target values for the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, and controls the drive system control unit.
- a control command can be output to 12010 .
- the microcomputer 12051 realizes the functions of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane deviation warning. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane deviation warning. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, the braking device, etc. based on the information about the vehicle surroundings acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, so that the driver's Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of autonomous driving, etc., in which vehicles autonomously travel without depending on operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12020 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the information detection unit 12030 outside the vehicle.
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or the oncoming vehicle detected by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030, and performs cooperative control aimed at anti-glare such as switching from high beam to low beam. It can be carried out.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 transmits at least one of audio and/or image output signals to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying the passengers of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are illustrated as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display, for example.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging unit 12031 has imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105.
- the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided at positions such as the front nose of the vehicle 12100, the side mirrors, the rear bumper, the back door, and the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior, for example.
- An image pickup unit 12101 provided in the front nose and an image pickup unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment mainly acquire images in front of the vehicle 12100 .
- Imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors mainly acquire side images of the vehicle 12100 .
- An imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires an image behind the vehicle 12100 .
- the imaging unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment is mainly used for detecting preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, and the like.
- FIG. 30 shows an example of the imaging range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- the imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided in the front nose
- the imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors, respectively
- the imaging range 12114 The imaging range of an imaging unit 12104 provided on the rear bumper or back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above can be obtained.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera composed of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines the distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and changes in this distance over time (relative velocity with respect to the vehicle 12100). , it is possible to extract, as the preceding vehicle, the closest three-dimensional object on the course of the vehicle 12100, which runs at a predetermined speed (for example, 0 km/h or more) in substantially the same direction as the vehicle 12100. can. Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set the inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and perform automatic brake control (including following stop control) and automatic acceleration control (including following start control). In this way, cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of automatic driving in which the vehicle runs autonomously without relying on the operation of the driver.
- automatic brake control including following stop control
- automatic acceleration control including following start control
- the microcomputer 12051 converts three-dimensional object data related to three-dimensional objects to other three-dimensional objects such as motorcycles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, and utility poles. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into those that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and those that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 judges the collision risk indicating the degree of danger of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or higher than the set value and there is a possibility of collision, an audio speaker 12061 and a display unit 12062 are displayed. By outputting an alarm to the driver via the drive system control unit 12010 and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be performed.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not the pedestrian exists in the captured images of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 .
- recognition of a pedestrian is performed by, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in images captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points indicating the outline of an object to determine whether or not the pedestrian is a pedestrian.
- the audio image output unit 12052 outputs a rectangular outline for emphasis to the recognized pedestrian. is superimposed on the display unit 12062 . Also, the audio/image output unit 12052 may control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the imaging unit 12031 among the configurations described above.
- the imaging device 100 in FIG. 1 can be applied to the imaging unit 12031 .
- the present technology can also have the following configuration.
- a pre-stage circuit in which first, second, third and fourth capacitive elements having one end commonly connected to the preceding circuit; a selection circuit that selects one of the other ends of each of the first, second, third and fourth capacitive elements and connects it to a predetermined post-stage node; a post-stage circuit that reads, through the post-stage node, a reset level obtained by amplifying the voltage when the pair of floating diffusion layers is initialized and a signal level obtained by amplifying the voltage when the charge is transferred; solid-state image sensor.
- the conversion efficiency control transistor controls the conversion efficiency to either a high conversion efficiency higher than a predetermined value or a low conversion efficiency lower than the predetermined value;
- the first capacitive element holds the reset level when the conversion efficiency is the high conversion efficiency as an HC (High Conversion) reset level;
- the second capacitive element holds the signal level when the conversion efficiency is the high conversion efficiency as an HC signal level;
- the third capacitive element holds the reset level when the conversion efficiency is the low conversion efficiency as an LC (Low Conversion) reset level;
- a correlated double sampling processing unit that calculates a difference from the digital signal as LC difference data; an illuminance determination unit that determines whether the illuminance is higher than a predetermined value based on the HC difference data and generates a determination result;
- the solid-state imaging device according to (2) further comprising a post-stage selector that selects either the HC difference data or the LC difference data based on the determination result.
- the latter nodes include an HC side latter node and an LC side latter node;
- the selection circuit is an HC side selection circuit that selects one of the other ends of each of the first and second capacitive elements and connects it to the HC side post-stage node; an LC side selection circuit that selects one of the other ends of each of the third and fourth capacitive elements and connects it to the LC side post-stage node;
- the post-stage circuit is an HC-side post-stage circuit that reads out the HC signal level and the HC reset level from the HC-side post-stage node and outputs them via an HC-side vertical signal line;
- the solid-state imaging device according to (2) or (3), further comprising an LC-side post-stage circuit that reads the LC signal level and the LC reset level from the LC-side post-stage node and outputs them via an LC-side vertical signal line.
- a pre-stage selector that selects either the potential of the HC side vertical signal line or the potential of the LC side vertical signal line according to a predetermined latch output signal and outputs the selected potential as an output potential; a comparator that compares the output potential with a predetermined reference voltage and outputs a comparison result; a latch circuit that generates the latch output signal based on the comparison result;
- the pair of floating diffusion layers includes a pair of first floating diffusion layers in the first pixel and a pair of second floating diffusion layers in the second pixel;
- the conversion efficiency control transistor includes a first conversion efficiency control transistor in the first pixel and a second conversion efficiency control transistor in the second pixel;
- the pre-stage circuit is a first pre-stage circuit in which the pair of first floating diffusion layers and the first conversion efficiency control transistor are arranged;
- a second pre-stage circuit in which the pair of second floating diffusion layers and the second conversion efficiency control transistor are arranged, one ends of the first, second, third and fourth capacitive elements are commonly connected to the first pre-stage circuit;
- the solid-state imaging device according to (4) or (5), wherein one ends of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth capacitive elements are commonly connected to the second pre-stage circuit.
- the pre-stage circuit is provided on a first chip;
- a pre-stage circuit in which first, second, third and fourth capacitive elements having one end commonly connected to the preceding circuit; a selection circuit that selects one of the other ends of each of the first, second, third and fourth capacitive elements and connects it to a predetermined post-stage node; a post-stage circuit that reads, via the post-stage node, a reset level obtained by amplifying the voltage when the pair of floating diffusion layers is initialized and a signal level obtained by amplifying the voltage when the charge is transferred; and a signal processing circuit that processes the reset level and the signal level.
- Imaging device 110 imaging lens 120 recording unit 130 imaging control unit 200 solid-state imaging device 201 pixel chip 202 circuit chip 203 upper pixel chip 204 lower pixel chip 211 vertical scanning circuit 212 timing control circuit 213 DAC 220 pixel array section 221 upper pixel array section 222 lower pixel array section 250 load MOS circuit block 251, 252 load MOS transistor 260 column signal processing circuit 261, 411, 413, 416 selector 262 latch circuit 270 ADC 271 Comparator 272, 273 Auto-zero switch 274 Counter 300 Pixel block 301, 302 Pixel 310, 510 Pre-stage circuit 311, 511 Photoelectric conversion element 312, 512 Transfer transistor 313, 513 FD reset transistor 314, 318, 514, 518 FD 315, 515 preamplifier transistor 316, 516 current source transistor 317, 517 conversion efficiency control transistor 331 to 334, 531 to 534 capacitive element 350 selection circuit 351 to 354, 551 to 554 selection transistor 355 HC side selection circuit 3
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態(画素ごとに4つの容量素子を配置する例)
2.第2の実施の形態(画素ごとに4つの容量素子を配置し、AD変換の回数を削減する例)
3.移動体への応用例
[撮像装置の構成例]
図1は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における撮像装置100の一構成例を示すブロック図である。この撮像装置100は、画像データを撮像する装置であり、撮像レンズ110、固体撮像素子200、記録部120および撮像制御部130を備える。撮像装置100としては、デジタルカメラや、撮像機能を持つ電子装置(スマートフォンやパーソナルコンピュータなど)が想定される。
図2は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における固体撮像素子200の一構成例を示すブロック図である。この固体撮像素子200は、垂直走査回路211、画素アレイ部220、タイミング制御回路212、DAC(Digital to Analog Converter)213、負荷MOS回路ブロック250、カラム信号処理回路260を備える。画素アレイ部220には、二次元格子状に、画素301などの複数の画素が配列される。また、固体撮像素子200内の各回路は、例えば、単一の半導体チップに設けられる。
図3は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における画素301の一構成例を示す回路図である。この画素301には、前段回路310と、容量素子331乃至334と、選択回路350と、後段リセットトランジスタ361と、後段回路370とが配置される。容量素子331乃至334として、例えば、MIM(Metal-Insulator-Metal)構造の容量が用いられる。なお、容量素子331乃至334は、特許請求の範囲に記載の第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子の一例である。
図5は、本技術の第1の実施の形態におけるカラム信号処理回路260の一構成例を示すブロック図である。
図6は、本技術の第1の実施の形態におけるデジタル信号処理部400の一構成例を示すブロック図である。このデジタル信号処理部400は、セレクタ411、メモリ412、CDS処理部420、セレクタ413、照度判定部414、メモリ415、セレクタ416およびデジタルゲイン補正部417を備える。
図7は、本技術の第1の実施の形態におけるグローバルシャッター動作の一例を示すタイミングチャートである。垂直走査回路211は、露光開始の直前のタイミングT0から、パルス期間経過後のタイミングT1に亘って、全ての行(言い換えれば、全画素)にハイレベルのFDリセット信号rst、制御信号fdgおよび転送信号trgを供給する。これにより、全画素がPDリセットされ、全行で同時に露光が開始される。
Vn=(3*kT/C)1/2 ・・・式1
上式において、kは、ボルツマン定数であり、単位は、例えば、ジュール毎ケルビン(J/K)である。Tは絶対温度であり、単位は、例えば、ケルビン(K)である。また、Vnの単位は、例えば、ボルト(V)であり、Cの単位は、例えば、ファラッド(F)である。
Vn=(2*kT/C)1/2 ・・・式2
上述の第1の実施の形態では、固体撮像素子200内の回路を単一の半導体チップに設けていたが、この構成では、画素を微細化した際に半導体チップ内に素子が収まらなくなるおそれがある。この第1の実施の形態の第1の変形例の固体撮像素子200は、固体撮像素子200内の回路を2つの半導体チップに分散して配置した点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第1の実施の形態の第1の変形例では、画素301の一部と周辺回路(カラム信号処理回路260など)とを下側の回路チップ202に設けていた。しかし、この構成では、周辺回路の分、回路チップ202側の回路や素子の配置面積が画素チップ201より大きくなり、画素チップ201に、回路や素子の無い無駄なスペースが生じるおそれがある。この第1の実施の形態の第2の変形例の固体撮像素子200は、固体撮像素子200内の回路を3つの半導体チップに分散して配置した点において第1の実施の形態の第1の変形例と異なる。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、HCリセットレベル、HC信号レベル、LCリセットレベルおよびLC信号レベルを行ごとに順にAD変換してから照度を判定していたが、この構成では読出し速度が不足するおそれがある。この第2の実施の形態の固体撮像素子200は、AD変換前に照度を判定することにより、AD変換の回数を削減して読出し速度を向上させた点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第2の実施の形態では、固体撮像素子200は、画素ブロック300内の2画素のそれぞれの画素信号を順に読み出していたが、この構成では、読出し速度が不足するおそれがある。この第2の実施の形態の変形例の固体撮像素子200は、画素加算を行う点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
(1)転送された電荷を電圧に変換する一対の浮遊拡散層と、前記一対の浮遊拡散層の間の経路の開閉により前記電荷を前記電圧に変換する変換効率を制御する変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された前段回路と、
前記前段回路に一端が共通に接続された第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子と、
前記第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して所定の後段ノードと接続する選択回路と、
前記一対の浮遊拡散層が初期化されたときの前記電圧を増幅したリセットレベルと前記電荷が転送されたときの前記電圧を増幅した信号レベルとを前記後段ノードを介して読み出す後段回路と
を具備する固体撮像素子。
(2)前記変換効率制御トランジスタは、所定値より高い高変換効率と前記所定値より低い低変換効率とのいずれかに変換効率を制御し、
前記第1の容量素子は、変換効率が前記高変換効率のときの前記リセットレベルをHC(High Conversion)リセットレベルとして保持し、
前記第2の容量素子は、変換効率が前記高変換効率のときの前記信号レベルをHC信号レベルとして保持し、
前記第3の容量素子は、変換効率が前記低変換効率のときの前記リセットレベルをLC(Low Conversion)リセットレベルとして保持し、
前記第4の容量素子は、変換効率が前記低変換効率のときの前記信号レベルをLC信号レベルとして保持する
前記(1)記載の固体撮像素子。
(3)前記HCリセットレベル、前記HC信号レベル、前記LCリセットレベルおよび前記LC信号レベルのそれぞれをデジタル信号に変換するアナログデジタル変換部と、
前記HCリセットレベルに対応する前記デジタル信号と前記HC信号レベルに対応する前記デジタル信号との差分をHC差分データとして算出し、前記LCリセットレベルに対応する前記デジタル信号と前記LC信号レベルに対応する前記デジタル信号との差分をLC差分データとして算出する相関二重サンプリング処理部と、
前記HC差分データに基づいて照度が所定値より高いか否かを判定して判定結果を生成する照度判定部と、
前記判定結果に基づいて前記HC差分データおよび前記LC差分データのいずれかを選択する後段セレクタと
をさらに具備する前記(2)記載の固体撮像素子。
(4)前記後段ノードは、HC側後段ノードおよびLC側後段ノードを含み、
前記選択回路は、
前記第1および第2の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して前記HC側後段ノードと接続するHC側選択回路と、
前記第3および第4の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して前記LC側後段ノードと接続するLC側選択回路と
を備え、
前記後段回路は、
前記HC側後段ノードから前記HC信号レベルおよび前記HCリセットレベルを読み出してHC側垂直信号線を介して出力するHC側後段回路と、
前記LC側後段ノードから前記LC信号レベルおよび前記LCリセットレベルを読み出してLC側垂直信号線を介して出力するLC側後段回路とを備える前記(2)または(3)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(5)所定のラッチ出力信号に従って前記HC側垂直信号線の電位と前記LC側垂直信号線の電位とのいずれかを選択して出力電位として出力する前段セレクタと、
前記出力電位と所定の参照電圧とを比較して比較結果として出力する比較器と、
前記比較結果に基づいて前記ラッチ出力信号を生成するラッチ回路と、
前記比較結果が反転するまでの期間に亘って計数値を計数するカウンタと
をさらに具備する前記(4)記載の固体撮像素子。
(6)第5、第6、第7および第8の容量素子をさらに具備し、
前記一対の浮遊拡散層は、第1画素内の一対の第1浮遊拡散層と第2画素内の一対の第2浮遊拡散層を含み、
前記変換効率制御トランジスタは、前記第1画素内の第1変換効率制御トランジスタと前記第2画素内の第2変換効率制御トランジスタとを含み、
前記前段回路は、
前記一対の第1浮遊拡散層と、前記第1変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された第1の前段回路と、
前記一対の第2浮遊拡散層と、前記第2変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された第2の前段回路と
を備え、
前記第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子の一端は、前記第1の前段回路に共通に接続され、
前記第5、第6、第7および第8の容量素子の一端は、前記第2の前段回路に共通に接続される前記(4)または(5)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(7)前記前段回路は、第1のチップに設けられ、
前記第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子と前記選択回路と前記後段回路とは、第2のチップに設けられる
前記(1)から(6)のいずれかに記載の固体撮像素子。
(8)前記リセットレベルおよび前記信号レベルを順にデジタル信号に変換するアナログデジタル変換器をさらに具備し、
前記アナログデジタル変換器は、第3のチップに設けられる
前記(7)記載の固体撮像素子。
(9)転送された電荷を電圧に変換する一対の浮遊拡散層と、前記一対の浮遊拡散層の間の経路の開閉により前記電荷を前記電圧に変換する変換効率を制御する変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された前段回路と、
前記前段回路に一端が共通に接続された第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子と、
前記第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して所定の後段ノードと接続する選択回路と、
前記一対の浮遊拡散層が初期化されたときの前記電圧を増幅したリセットレベルと前記電荷が転送されたときの前記電圧を増幅した信号レベルとを前記後段ノードを介して読み出す後段回路と、
前記リセットレベルおよび前記信号レベルを処理する信号処理回路と
を具備する撮像装置。
(10)転送された電荷を電圧に変換する一対の浮遊拡散層と、前記一対の浮遊拡散層の間の経路の開閉により前記電荷を前記電圧に変換する変換効率を制御する変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された前段回路に一端が共通に接続された第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して所定の後段ノードと接続する選択手順と、
前記一対の浮遊拡散層が初期化されたときの前記電圧を増幅したリセットレベルと前記電荷が転送されたときの前記電圧を増幅した信号レベルとを前記後段ノードを介して読み出す読出し手順と
を具備する固体撮像素子の制御方法。
110 撮像レンズ
120 記録部
130 撮像制御部
200 固体撮像素子
201 画素チップ
202 回路チップ
203 上側画素チップ
204 下側画素チップ
211 垂直走査回路
212 タイミング制御回路
213 DAC
220 画素アレイ部
221 上側画素アレイ部
222 下側画素アレイ部
250 負荷MOS回路ブロック
251、252 負荷MOSトランジスタ
260 カラム信号処理回路
261、411、413、416 セレクタ
262 ラッチ回路
270 ADC
271 比較器
272、273 オートゼロスイッチ
274 カウンタ
300 画素ブロック
301、302 画素
310、510 前段回路
311、511 光電変換素子
312、512 転送トランジスタ
313、513 FDリセットトランジスタ
314、318、514、518 FD
315、515 前段増幅トランジスタ
316、516 電流源トランジスタ
317、517 変換効率制御トランジスタ
331~334、531~534 容量素子
350 選択回路
351~354、551~554 選択トランジスタ
355 HC側選択回路
356 LC側選択回路
361、366 後段リセットトランジスタ
370 後段回路
371、377 後段増幅トランジスタ
372、378 後段選択トランジスタ
375 HC側後段回路
376 LC側後段回路
400 デジタル信号処理部
412、415 メモリ
414 照度判定部
417 デジタルゲイン補正部
420 CDS処理部
421 減算器
12031 撮像部
Claims (10)
- 転送された電荷を電圧に変換する一対の浮遊拡散層と、前記一対の浮遊拡散層の間の経路の開閉により前記電荷を前記電圧に変換する変換効率を制御する変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された前段回路と、
前記前段回路に一端が共通に接続された第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子と、
前記第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して所定の後段ノードと接続する選択回路と、
前記一対の浮遊拡散層が初期化されたときの前記電圧を増幅したリセットレベルと前記電荷が転送されたときの前記電圧を増幅した信号レベルとを前記後段ノードを介して読み出す後段回路と
を具備する固体撮像素子。 - 前記変換効率制御トランジスタは、所定値より高い高変換効率と前記所定値より低い低変換効率とのいずれかに変換効率を制御し、
前記第1の容量素子は、変換効率が前記高変換効率のときの前記リセットレベルをHC(High Conversion)リセットレベルとして保持し、
前記第2の容量素子は、変換効率が前記高変換効率のときの前記信号レベルをHC信号レベルとして保持し、
前記第3の容量素子は、変換効率が前記低変換効率のときの前記リセットレベルをLC(Low Conversion)リセットレベルとして保持し、
前記第4の容量素子は、変換効率が前記低変換効率のときの前記信号レベルをLC信号レベルとして保持する
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記HCリセットレベル、前記HC信号レベル、前記LCリセットレベルおよび前記LC信号レベルのそれぞれをデジタル信号に変換するアナログデジタル変換部と、
前記HCリセットレベルに対応する前記デジタル信号と前記HC信号レベルに対応する前記デジタル信号との差分をHC差分データとして算出し、前記LCリセットレベルに対応する前記デジタル信号と前記LC信号レベルに対応する前記デジタル信号との差分をLC差分データとして算出する相関二重サンプリング処理部と、
前記HC差分データに基づいて照度が所定値より高いか否かを判定して判定結果を生成する照度判定部と、
前記判定結果に基づいて前記HC差分データおよび前記LC差分データのいずれかを選択する後段セレクタと
をさらに具備する請求項2記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記後段ノードは、HC側後段ノードおよびLC側後段ノードを含み、
前記選択回路は、
前記第1および第2の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して前記HC側後段ノードと接続するHC側選択回路と、
前記第3および第4の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して前記LC側後段ノードと接続するLC側選択回路と
を備え、
前記後段回路は、
前記HC側後段ノードから前記HC信号レベルおよび前記HCリセットレベルを読み出してHC側垂直信号線を介して出力するHC側後段回路と、
前記LC側後段ノードから前記LC信号レベルおよび前記LCリセットレベルを読み出してLC側垂直信号線を介して出力するLC側後段回路とを備える請求項2記載の固体撮像素子。 - 所定のラッチ出力信号に従って前記HC側垂直信号線の電位と前記LC側垂直信号線の電位とのいずれかを選択して出力電位として出力する前段セレクタと、
前記出力電位と所定の参照電圧とを比較して比較結果として出力する比較器と、
前記比較結果に基づいて前記ラッチ出力信号を生成するラッチ回路と、
前記比較結果が反転するまでの期間に亘って計数値を計数するカウンタと
をさらに具備する請求項4記載の固体撮像素子。 - 第5、第6、第7および第8の容量素子をさらに具備し、
前記一対の浮遊拡散層は、第1画素内の一対の第1浮遊拡散層と第2画素内の一対の第2浮遊拡散層を含み、
前記変換効率制御トランジスタは、前記第1画素内の第1変換効率制御トランジスタと前記第2画素内の第2変換効率制御トランジスタとを含み、
前記前段回路は、
前記一対の第1浮遊拡散層と、前記第1変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された第1の前段回路と、
前記一対の第2浮遊拡散層と、前記第2変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された第2の前段回路と
を備え、
前記第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子の一端は、前記第1の前段回路に共通に接続され、
前記第5、第6、第7および第8の容量素子の一端は、前記第2の前段回路に共通に接続される請求項4記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記前段回路は、第1のチップに設けられ、
前記第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子と前記選択回路と前記後段回路とは、第2のチップに設けられる
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記リセットレベルおよび前記信号レベルを順にデジタル信号に変換するアナログデジタル変換器をさらに具備し、
前記アナログデジタル変換器は、第3のチップに設けられる
請求項7記載の固体撮像素子。 - 転送された電荷を電圧に変換する一対の浮遊拡散層と、前記一対の浮遊拡散層の間の経路の開閉により前記電荷を前記電圧に変換する変換効率を制御する変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された前段回路と、
前記前段回路に一端が共通に接続された第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子と、
前記第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して所定の後段ノードと接続する選択回路と、
前記一対の浮遊拡散層が初期化されたときの前記電圧を増幅したリセットレベルと前記電荷が転送されたときの前記電圧を増幅した信号レベルとを前記後段ノードを介して読み出す後段回路と、
前記リセットレベルおよび前記信号レベルを処理する信号処理回路と
を具備する撮像装置。 - 転送された電荷を電圧に変換する一対の浮遊拡散層と、前記一対の浮遊拡散層の間の経路の開閉により前記電荷を前記電圧に変換する変換効率を制御する変換効率制御トランジスタとが配置された前段回路に一端が共通に接続された第1、第2、第3および第4の容量素子のそれぞれの他端のいずれかを選択して所定の後段ノードと接続する選択手順と、
前記一対の浮遊拡散層が初期化されたときの前記電圧を増幅したリセットレベルと前記電荷が転送されたときの前記電圧を増幅した信号レベルとを前記後段ノードを介して読み出す読出し手順と
を具備する固体撮像素子の制御方法。
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JP2019125945A (ja) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | 放射線撮像装置、放射線撮像装置の制御方法およびプログラム |
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JP2019062400A (ja) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-04-18 | ブリルニクス インク | 固体撮像装置、固体撮像装置の駆動方法、および電子機器 |
JP2019125945A (ja) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | 放射線撮像装置、放射線撮像装置の制御方法およびプログラム |
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