WO2022202986A1 - 調光シート、調光シートの製造方法、および高分子分散型用液晶組成物 - Google Patents
調光シート、調光シートの製造方法、および高分子分散型用液晶組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022202986A1 WO2022202986A1 PCT/JP2022/013928 JP2022013928W WO2022202986A1 WO 2022202986 A1 WO2022202986 A1 WO 2022202986A1 JP 2022013928 W JP2022013928 W JP 2022013928W WO 2022202986 A1 WO2022202986 A1 WO 2022202986A1
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K19/544—Macromolecular compounds as dispersing or encapsulating medium around the liquid crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a light control sheet containing a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a method for producing the light control sheet, and a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition.
- the light control sheet includes a first transparent electrode layer, a second transparent electrode layer, and a light control layer sandwiched between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer.
- the orientation state of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the light control layer changes the light transmittance of the light control sheet following changes in the potential difference between the two transparent electrode layers. For example, when the alignment order of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound is constructed, the light control sheet exhibits high light transmittance. When the long axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound is disordered, the light control sheet exhibits low light transmittance (see Patent Document 1, for example).
- the responsiveness of light transmittance to changes in the potential difference between the two transparent electrode layers changes based on the environmental temperature where the light control sheet is installed.
- a light control sheet for solving the above problems includes an organic polymer layer that partitions a plurality of voids, and a liquid crystal composition that contains a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and fills the voids, wherein the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound
- the liquid crystal composition contains a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent represented by the following formula (1).
- X in formula (1) is a linear or branched alkyl group or aryl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or It is a functional group represented by (2)
- r4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an ether group
- r 5 in formula (2) is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an ether group.
- a light control sheet for solving the above problems includes an organic polymer layer that partitions a plurality of voids, and a liquid crystal composition that contains a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and fills the voids, wherein the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound
- the liquid crystal composition contains a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent represented by the following formula (3).
- r 6 , r 7 and r 8 in formula (3) are each independently a linear alkyl group having 3 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms.
- a method for manufacturing a light control sheet for solving the above problems includes an organic polymer layer partitioning a plurality of gaps, and a liquid crystal composition containing a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and filling the gaps, wherein the non-polymerizable liquid crystal
- a method for manufacturing a light control sheet that changes the transmittance of visible light by driving a compound, wherein the liquid crystal composition is polymerized in a layer containing the liquid crystal composition and the ultraviolet curable compound, thereby polymerizing the ultraviolet curable compound.
- the liquid crystal composition comprises a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent represented by the above formula (1), and the organic polymer layer and the liquid crystal
- the ratio of the weight of the organic polymer layer to the total weight of the composition is 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and the ratio of the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound is It is 1% or more and 8% or less.
- a method for manufacturing a light control sheet for solving the above problems includes an organic polymer layer partitioning a plurality of gaps, and a liquid crystal composition containing a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and filling the gaps, wherein the non-polymerizable liquid crystal
- a method for manufacturing a light control sheet that changes the transmittance of visible light by driving a compound, wherein the liquid crystal composition is polymerized in a layer containing the liquid crystal composition and the ultraviolet curable compound, thereby polymerizing the ultraviolet curable compound.
- the liquid crystal composition comprises a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent represented by the above formula (3), and the organic polymer layer and the liquid crystal
- the ratio of the weight of the organic polymer layer to the total weight of the composition is 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and the ratio of the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound is It is 1% or more and 8% or less.
- a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition for solving the above problems is obtained by polymerizing the UV-curable compound in a layer containing the liquid crystal composition and the UV-curable compound, thereby phase-separating from the organic polymer layer.
- a liquid crystal composition for a polymer dispersion type wherein the liquid crystal composition contains a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent represented by the above formula (1), and the UV-curable compound and the liquid crystal composition, the weight ratio of the ultraviolet curable compound is 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent relative to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound is 1% or more and 8% or less.
- a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition for solving the above problems is obtained by polymerizing the UV-curable compound in a layer containing the liquid crystal composition and the UV-curable compound, thereby phase-separating from the organic polymer layer.
- a liquid crystal composition for a polymer dispersion type the liquid crystal composition comprising a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent represented by the above formula (3), wherein the UV-curable compound and the liquid crystal composition, the weight ratio of the ultraviolet curable compound is 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent relative to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound is 1% or more and 8% or less.
- the interaction between the localization of electrons in the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the localization of electrons in the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent causes the Terminal alkyl groups are likely to intervene between adjacent non-polymerizable liquid crystal compounds.
- the configuration in which the liquid crystal composition fills the gaps partitioned by the organic polymer layer uses a photopolymerizable compound and a liquid crystal composition for forming the organic polymer layer, and through polymerization of the photopolymerizable compound, organic It is formed by phase separation of the liquid crystal composition from the polymer layer.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent is suitable for phase separation from the organic polymer layer.
- the low-molecular-weight structures represented by the above formulas (1) to (3) are also suitable for diffusing from the polymer of the photopolymerizable compound, that is, phase-separating from the organic polymer layer.
- the ratio of the weight of the organic polymer layer to the total weight of the organic polymer layer and the liquid crystal composition may be 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.
- the weight ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be 1% or more and 8% or less. Also in this configuration, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the alignment order of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound at a low ambient temperature such as -20°C. Moreover, according to this configuration, the feasibility of obtaining the above effects is enhanced, and the transition of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound to the disordered phase at a high environmental temperature such as 100° C. can be easily controlled.
- X in the formula (1) is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 1 in the formula (1) is represented by the formula (2). It is a functional group
- R 2 and R 3 in the above formula (1) may each independently be a hydrogen atom.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound may have an NI point of 100° C. or higher and 145° C. or lower.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent is any one selected from the group consisting of diisodecyl adipate, dibutyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, bis(2-butoxyethyl) adipate, and diisononyl adipate.
- one is fine. According to this configuration, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the alignment order of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound at a low environmental temperature such as -20°C.
- the ratio of the weight of all the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agents contained in the liquid crystal composition to the total weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent is 2% by mass. It may be more than or equal to 6% by mass or less.
- the light control sheet further includes a first transparent electrode layer and a second transparent electrode layer, the organic polymer layer is positioned between the transparent electrode layers, and the liquid crystal composition is applied from the organic polymer layer. It may be composed of phase-separated liquid crystal particles, and may be configured to change from a transparent state to an opaque state by releasing the voltage application between the transparent electrode layers. According to this configuration, it is possible to improve the responsiveness of the light transmittance at a low environmental temperature such as -20° C. in the normal type light control sheet.
- the light control sheet further includes a first transparent electrode layer and a second transparent electrode layer, the organic polymer layer is positioned between the transparent electrode layers, and the liquid crystal composition is applied from the organic polymer layer. It may be composed of phase-separated liquid crystal particles, and may be configured to change from a transparent state to an opaque state by applying a voltage between the transparent electrode layers. According to this configuration, it is possible to improve the responsiveness of the light transmittance at an environmental temperature as low as -20° C. in the reverse type light control sheet.
- a light control sheet, a method for manufacturing the light control sheet, and a liquid crystal composition for a polymer dispersion type are provided, which can shorten the time required to change the light transmittance in response to a change in potential difference. can.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a light control sheet according to one embodiment
- 4 is a table showing the composition and evaluation results of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition of each example.
- 4 is a table showing the composition and evaluation results of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition of each example.
- 4 is a table showing the composition and evaluation results of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition of each example.
- 4 is a table showing the composition and evaluation results of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition of each example.
- 4 is a table showing the composition and evaluation results of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition of each comparative example.
- the light control sheet is attached to the transparent base material.
- the transparent base material is a glass body or a resin body. Examples of transparent substrates are window glass mounted on moving bodies such as vehicles and aircraft, window glass installed in buildings, and partitions placed in vehicles and indoors.
- the surface to which the light control sheet is attached is flat or curved.
- the light control sheet may be sandwiched between two transparent substrates.
- the driving type of the light control sheet is normal type or reverse type.
- a normal type light control sheet transitions from an opaque state to a transparent state by voltage application, and returns from the transparent state to the opaque state when the voltage application is released.
- a reverse type light control sheet transitions from a transparent state to an opaque state by voltage application, and returns from the opaque state to the transparent state by releasing the voltage application.
- the normal type and the reverse type are common in that they include two transparent electrode layers and a light control layer. In the following, the configuration and operation of the reverse type will be mainly described, the configurations among the normal type that differ from the reverse type will be added, and the configurations that overlap with the reverse type among the normal type will be omitted.
- the light control device 10 includes a light control sheet 11 and a driving section 12 .
- the light control sheet 11 includes a light control layer 31, a first orientation layer 32, a second orientation layer 33, a first transparent electrode layer 34, a second transparent electrode layer 35, a first transparent support layer 36, and a second transparent support.
- a layer 37 is provided.
- the light control layer 31 is located between the first alignment layer 32 and the second alignment layer 33 .
- the first surface 31F of the light modulating layer 31 is in contact with the first alignment layer 32 and the second surface 31S of the light control layer 31 is in contact with the second alignment layer 33 .
- the first alignment layer 32 is located between the light control layer 31 and the first transparent electrode layer 34 and contacts the light control layer 31 and the first transparent electrode layer 34 .
- the second alignment layer 33 is located between the light control layer 31 and the second transparent electrode layer 35 and contacts the light control layer 31 and the second transparent electrode layer 35 .
- the first transparent electrode layer 34 is connected to the driving section 12 through the first connection terminal 22A and the first wiring 23A.
- the first transparent electrode layer 34 is located between the first alignment layer 32 and the first transparent support layer 36 and contacts the first alignment layer 32 and the first transparent support layer 36 .
- the second transparent electrode layer 35 is connected to the driving section 12 through the second connection terminal 22B and the second wiring 23B.
- the second transparent electrode layer 35 is located between the second alignment layer 33 and the second transparent support layer 37 and contacts the second alignment layer 33 and the second transparent support layer 37 .
- the light control layer 31 includes an organic polymer layer 31P (see FIG. 2) and a liquid crystal composition 31LC (see FIG. 2).
- the organic polymer layer 31P partitions voids 31D filled with the liquid crystal composition 31LC.
- the holding type of the liquid crystal composition 31LC by the organic polymer layer 31P is one selected from the group consisting of polymer dispersion type, polymer network type, and capsule type.
- the polymer-dispersed light control layer 31 includes an organic polymer layer 31P that partitions a large number of isolated voids 31D, and holds a liquid crystal composition 31LC in the voids 31D dispersed in the organic polymer layer 31P.
- the polymer network type light control layer 31 includes an organic polymer layer 31P with three-dimensional mesh-shaped voids 31D, and holds a liquid crystal composition 31LC in the interconnected mesh-shaped voids 31D.
- the capsule-type light control layer 31 holds the liquid crystal composition 31LC in capsule-like voids 31D dispersed in the organic polymer layer 31P.
- the first alignment layer 32 and the second alignment layer 33 respectively regulate the alignment direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the first alignment layer 32 and the second alignment layer 33 are visually recognized as colorless and transparent or colored and transparent, respectively.
- the first alignment layer 32 and the second alignment layer 33 are vertical alignment films.
- the vertical alignment film aligns the long axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM with the thickness direction of the light control layer 31 and allows the light control layer 31 to transmit visible light.
- the materials forming the first alignment layer 32 and the second alignment layer 33 are organic polymer compounds or inorganic oxides.
- the organic polymer compound is one selected from the group consisting of polyimides, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols and cyanide compounds.
- the inorganic oxide is one of silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, and silicone.
- the first transparent electrode layer 34 and the second transparent electrode layer 35 are visually recognized as colorless and transparent or colored and transparent, respectively.
- Materials forming the first transparent electrode layer 34 and the second transparent electrode layer 35 are conductive inorganic oxides, metals, or conductive organic polymer compounds, respectively.
- An example of the conductive inorganic oxide is any one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide.
- the metal is gold or silver nanowires.
- An example of the conductive organic polymer compound is any one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
- the first transparent support layer 36 and the second transparent support layer 37 are visually recognized as colorless and transparent or colored and transparent, respectively.
- Materials constituting the first transparent support layer 36 and the second transparent support layer 37 are organic polymer compounds or inorganic polymer compounds, respectively.
- An example of the organic polymer compound is one selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacrylates, polycarbonates and polyolefins.
- An example of the inorganic polymer compound is one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride.
- the drive unit 12 is separately connected to the first transparent electrode layer 34 and the second transparent electrode layer 35 .
- the driving section 12 applies a driving voltage between the first transparent electrode layer 34 and the second transparent electrode layer 35 .
- the drive voltage is a voltage for changing the alignment state of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the drive unit 12 changes the alignment state of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM to switch the light control sheet 11 from one of a transparent state and an opaque state to the other.
- the opaque state has a lower parallel line transmission than the transparent state and a higher haze than the transparent state.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM When the application of the driving voltage is released, the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM receives an alignment regulating force from the first alignment layer 32 and the second alignment layer 33, and the long axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is Along the thickness direction of the light modulating layer 31 . As a result, the light control sheet 11 suppresses scattering in the light control layer 31 over the entire visible light range, and becomes transparent.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM When the drive voltage starts to be applied, the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM receives an alignment control force due to the electric field, and the long axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM begins to move in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the electric field. At this time, the long axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is restricted by the interaction between molecules in the liquid crystal composition 31LC and the size of the void 31D, and cannot move sufficiently, resulting in disorder. As a result, the light control sheet 11 causes scattering in the light control layer 31 over the entire visible light range, and the light control sheet 11 becomes opaque.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is released from the alignment regulating force by the electric field, and according to the alignment regulating force by the first alignment layer 32 and the second alignment layer 33, the non-polymeric liquid crystal compound LCM
- the longitudinal direction of the compound LCM is aligned with the thickness direction of the light modulating layer 31 .
- the light control sheet 11 suppresses scattering in the light control layer 31 over the entire visible light range, and becomes transparent again.
- the light control sheet 11 can be the first alignment layer 32 and the The second alignment layer 33 may be omitted.
- the first surface 31F of the light control layer 31 is in contact with the first transparent electrode layer 34 and the second surface 31S of the light control layer 31 is in contact with the second transparent electrode layer 35 . That is, the driving type of the light control sheet 11 may be changed from the reverse type to the normal type.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is not subjected to the alignment regulating force when the application of the drive voltage is released, and the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM The longitudinal direction of is disordered.
- the light control sheet 11 causes scattering in the light control layer 31 over the entire visible light range, and the light control sheet 11 becomes opaque.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM When a drive voltage is applied, the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is subjected to an alignment regulating force by the electric field, and the major axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is aligned along the direction of the electric field. As a result, the light control sheet 11 suppresses scattering in the light control layer 31 over the entire visible light range, and becomes transparent.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is released from the alignment control force by the electric field, and the long axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM becomes disordered.
- the light control sheet 11 scatters the entire visible light range in the light control layer 31 and becomes opaque again.
- the light modulating layer 31 includes an organic polymer layer 31P, a liquid crystal composition 31LC, and spacers SP.
- the organic polymer layer 31P partitions voids 31D filled with the liquid crystal composition 31LC.
- the organic polymer layer 31P partitions a plurality of voids 31D.
- the void 31D may be isolated from other adjacent voids 31D, or may be connected to other adjacent voids 31D.
- the gap 31D has two or more sizes, including a relatively large gap 31H1 and a relatively small gap 31H2.
- the shape of the void 31D is spherical, ellipsoidal, or irregular.
- the organic polymer layer 31P is a cured photopolymerizable compound.
- the photopolymerizable compound may be an ultraviolet curable compound or an electron beam curable compound.
- the photopolymerizable compound has compatibility with the liquid crystal composition 31LC.
- the photopolymerizable compound is preferably an ultraviolet curable compound.
- An example of a UV-curable compound contains polymerizable unsaturated bonds at the ends of its molecular structure.
- the UV-curable compound contains a polymerizable unsaturated bond other than the terminal of the molecular structure.
- a photopolymerizable compound is one polymerizable compound or a combination of two or more polymerizable compounds.
- the UV-curable compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate compounds, methacrylate compounds, styrene compounds, thiol compounds, and oligomers of each compound.
- Acrylate compounds include monoacrylate compounds, diacrylate compounds, triacrylate compounds, and tetraacrylate compounds.
- acrylate compounds are butyl ethyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate.
- methacrylate compounds are dimethacrylate compounds, trimethacrylate compounds, tetramethacrylate compounds.
- methacrylate compounds are N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate.
- thiol compounds are 1,3-propanedithiol, 1,6-hexanedithiol.
- styrene compounds are styrene and methylstyrene.
- the lower limit of the content of the organic polymer layer 31P with respect to the total amount of the organic polymer layer 31P and the liquid crystal composition 31LC is 20% by mass, and the more preferable lower limit of the content is 30% by mass.
- the upper limit of the content of the organic polymer layer 31P with respect to the total amount of the organic polymer layer 31P and the liquid crystal composition 31LC is 70% by mass, and a more preferable upper limit of the content is 60% by mass.
- the lower limit and upper limit of the content of the organic polymer layer 31P are ranges in which the liquid crystal particles made of the liquid crystal composition 31LC are phase-separated from the cured photopolymerizable compound during the curing process of the photopolymerizable compound.
- the lower limit of the content of the organic polymer layer 31P is high.
- the upper limit of the content of the organic polymer layer 31P is low.
- the liquid crystal composition 31LC is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal composition.
- the liquid crystal composition 31LC contains a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM and a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP, and fills the gap 31D.
- the liquid crystal composition 31LC may contain a dichroic dye, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, a weathering agent, and a solvent. Examples of weathering agents are UV absorbers and light stabilizers.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM has a positive dielectric anisotropy in which the dielectric constant in the major axis direction is larger than the dielectric constant in the minor axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM has a negative dielectric anisotropy in which the dielectric constant in the major axis direction is lower than the dielectric constant in the minor axis direction of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the dielectric anisotropy of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is appropriately selected based on the presence or absence of each alignment layer in the light control sheet 11 and the driving mode.
- Non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM includes Schiff base, azo, azoxy, biphenyl, terphenyl, benzoate, tolan, pyrimidine, pyridazine, cyclohexanecarboxylate, phenylcyclohexane, biphenyl It is at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane, dicyanobenzene, naphthalene, and dioxane.
- the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is one liquid crystal compound or a combination of two or more liquid crystal compounds.
- R 11 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- One or two or more non-adjacent methylene bonds contained in the alkyl group of R 11 can be substituted with any one selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, an ethylene bond, an ester bond and a diether bond.
- R 12 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethoxy group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
- One or two or more non-adjacent methylene bonds contained in the alkyl group of R12 can be substituted with any one selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, an ethylene bond, an ester bond and a diether bond.
- a 11 , A 12 , A 13 and A 14 each independently represent a 1,4-phenylene group and a 2,6-naphthylene group.
- One or two or more hydrogen atoms in the 1,4-phenylene group and 2,6-naphthylene group can be substituted with fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, trifluoromethyl groups, and trifluoromethoxy groups.
- a 11 , A 12 , A 13 and A 14 each independently represent a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 3,6-cyclohexenylene group, a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, a pyridine- It may be a 2,5-diyl group.
- A13 and A14 may each independently be a single bond.
- Z 11 , Z 12 and Z 13 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a single bond, an ester bond, a diether bond, an ethylene bond, a fluoroethylene bond and a carbonyl bond.
- the speed at which the alignment state of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM changes in response to changes in the potential difference changes nonlinearly with the environmental temperature, and the lower the environmental temperature, the slower it becomes.
- Changing the direction of the long axis of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM in the gaps 31D partitioned by the organic polymer layer 31P allows the liquid crystals to be formed in a wide layered space like a liquid crystal panel used in a display device. This is particularly difficult compared to structures filled with composition 31LC.
- the responsiveness of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM largely depends on the interaction between the molecules of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the NI point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is the temperature at which the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM undergoes a phase transition from the nematic phase (N phase) to the isotropic liquid phase (I phase).
- the NI point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM indicates the degree to which the anisotropy of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM disappears at ambient temperature. Also, the NI point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM not a little reflects the degree of intermolecular interaction in the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the NI point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is the weighted average of the NI points of each liquid crystal compound weighted by the compounding ratio of each liquid crystal compound. is.
- the NI point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM can be increased or decreased depending on the composition of two or more types of liquid crystal compounds having mutually different NI points.
- the NI point is preferably high, more preferably 100°C or higher.
- the NI point is preferably low, more preferably 145° C. or less.
- the CN point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is the temperature at which the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM undergoes a phase transition from the crystalline phase (C phase) to the nematic phase (N phase).
- the CN point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM indicates the degree to which the fluidity of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM disappears at ambient temperature. Also, the CN point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM greatly reflects the degree of intermolecular interaction in the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the CN point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is the weighted average value of the CN points of each liquid crystal compound weighted by the compounding ratio of each liquid crystal compound. is.
- the CN point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM can be increased or decreased depending on the composition of two or more types of liquid crystal compounds having mutually different NI points.
- the CN point is preferably low, more preferably 25°C or less, and 0°C or less. is more preferable.
- the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is the difference in the refractive index in visible light with a wavelength of 650 nm, and the difference in the degree of scattering of visible light between when a driving voltage is applied and when it is not applied.
- the upper limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is the upper limit obtained from the refractive index differences ⁇ n of all the liquid crystal compounds.
- the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is the lower limit obtained from the refractive index differences ⁇ n of all the liquid crystal compounds.
- the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n is high. Also, if it is desired to increase the haze difference between the transparent state and the opaque state, it is preferable that the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n is high.
- the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is preferably 0.005. 0.01 is more preferred.
- the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is preferably 0.005, more preferably 0.01.
- the upper limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n is low.
- the upper limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is 0.028, more preferably 0.02. is.
- Non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent contains non-polar groups such as alkyl groups to weaken the intermolecular interactions of mutually adjacent non-polymerizable liquid crystal compounds LCM.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP contains polar groups such as polar ester bonds that interact with the polarity of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent DP is represented by the following formula (1) or the following formula (3).
- Examples of non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agents DP represented by formula (1) include dibutyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis(2-butoxyethyl) adipate, At least one selected from the group consisting of diethyl malonate, di-n-butyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, tributyl o-acetylcitrate, and methyl benzoate is.
- non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent DP represented by formula (3) is at least one selected from the group consisting of tripropyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate and tripentyl phosphate.
- the non-polymeric viscosity-lowering agent DP is one viscosity-lowering agent or a combination of two or more viscosity-lowering agents.
- X in formula (1) is a linear or branched alkyl group or aryl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in formula (1) are each independently a hydrogen atom or a functional group represented by formula (2).
- r 4 in formula (1) is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an ether group.
- r 5 in formula (2) is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an ether group.
- r 6 , r 7 and r 8 in formula (3) are each independently a linear alkyl group having 3 or more and 6 or less carbon atoms or an ether group.
- the lower limit of the content of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent DP with respect to the total amount of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM and the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent DP is 0.6% by mass, and the more preferable lower limit of the content is 1 mass. %, and a more preferable upper limit of the content is 2% by mass.
- the upper limit of the content of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent DP with respect to the total amount of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM and the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent DP is 10% by mass, and a more preferable upper limit of the content is 8% by mass. , and a more preferable upper limit is 6% by mass.
- the upper limit of the content of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent DP is low.
- the upper limit of the content of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is high.
- the dichroic dye exhibits color by being driven by a guest-host system using a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM as a host.
- the dichroic dye is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyiodine, azo compounds, anthraquinone compounds, naphthoquinone compounds, azomethine compounds, tetrazine compounds, quinophthalone compounds, merocyanine compounds, perylene compounds, and dioxazine compounds.
- a dichroic dye is a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds.
- the dichroic dye is at least one selected from the group consisting of an azo compound and an anthraquinone compound, more preferably an azo compound. .
- the spacers SP are dispersed throughout the organic polymer layer 31P.
- the spacer SP defines the thickness of the light modulating layer 31 around the spacer SP and makes the thickness of the light modulating layer 31 uniform.
- the spacers SP may be bead spacers or photospacers formed by exposing and developing a photoresist.
- the spacer SP may be colorless and transparent, or may be colored and transparent.
- the spacer SP preferably exhibits the same color as the dichroic dye.
- the light control sheet 11 may include other functional layers.
- the other functional layer may be a gas barrier layer that suppresses transmission of oxygen and moisture toward the light control layer 31, or an ultraviolet barrier layer that suppresses transmission of ultraviolet light other than a specific wavelength toward the light control layer 31.
- the other functional layer may be a hard coat layer that mechanically protects each layer of the light control sheet 11 , or an adhesive layer that enhances adhesion between the layers of the light control sheet 11 .
- the method for manufacturing the light control sheet 11 includes forming a coating film containing the above photopolymerizable compound and the liquid crystal composition 31LC between the first transparent support layer 36 and the second transparent support layer 37 .
- a first transparent support layer 36 comprises a first alignment layer 32 and a first transparent electrode layer 34 .
- a second transparent support layer 37 comprises a second alignment layer 33 and a second transparent electrode layer 35 .
- the above-described photopolymerizable layer is placed between the first transparent support layer 36 and the second transparent support layer 37.
- a coating film containing the compound and the liquid crystal composition 31LC is formed.
- a first transparent support layer 36 omits the first alignment layer 32 and comprises a first transparent electrode layer 34 .
- a second transparent support layer 37 omits the second alignment layer 33 and comprises a second transparent electrode layer 35 .
- the coating film contains a polymerization initiator for initiating the polymerization of the photopolymerizable compound.
- the polymerization initiator is at least one selected from the group consisting of diketone compounds, acetophenone compounds, benzoin compounds, benzophenone compounds and thioxanthone compounds.
- the polymerization initiator may be a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds.
- An example of the polymerization initiator is any one selected from the group consisting of benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, and cyclohexylphenyl ketone.
- the manufacturing method of the light control sheet 11 includes polymerizing a photopolymerizable compound in the coating film to phase separate the liquid crystal particles made of the liquid crystal composition 31LC from the polymer.
- the light for polymerizing the photopolymerizable compound may be an ultraviolet ray or an electron beam.
- the light with which the coating film is irradiated may be irradiated toward the first transparent support layer 36, may be irradiated toward the second transparent support layer 37, or may be a combination thereof.
- Phase separation of the liquid crystal particles made of the liquid crystal composition 31LC proceeds through polymerization of the photopolymerizable compound and diffusion of the liquid crystal composition 31LC.
- the speed at which the photopolymerizable compound polymerizes varies depending on the intensity of light with which the photopolymerizable compound is irradiated.
- the diffusion speed of the liquid crystal composition 31LC varies depending on the treatment temperature during polymerization of the photopolymerizable compound.
- the intensity of the light irradiated to the photopolymerizable compound is adjusted so that the liquid crystal particles have a desired size, that is, the voids 31D have a desired size. set. Further, in the phase separation of the liquid crystal composition 31LC, heating may be performed to promote diffusion of the liquid crystal composition 31LC.
- each example and comparative example are normal type light control sheets 11 in which the first alignment layer 32 and the second alignment layer 33 are omitted.
- a photopolymerizable compound and a liquid crystal composition 31LC are placed between the first transparent support layer 36 having the first transparent electrode layer 34 and the second transparent support layer 37 having the second transparent electrode layer 35.
- a light control sheet 11 was obtained by forming a coating film containing the polymer and polymerizing the photopolymerizable compound in the coating film.
- the constituent materials used in Examples and Comparative Examples are shown below.
- the NI point of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is 110°C. 3 to 7 show the compounding ratios of the constituent materials of Examples 1 to 41 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7.
- FIG. The compounding ratios shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 indicate the ratio of each constituent material to the total amount of the coating liquid for forming the coating film.
- ⁇ First transparent electrode layer 34 indium tin oxide ⁇ Second transparent electrode layer 35: indium tin oxide ⁇ First transparent support layer 36: polyethylene terephthalate film ⁇ Second transparent support layer 37: polyethylene terephthalate film ⁇ Polymerization initiator PI1: 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone/non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM: cyanobiphenyl compound/spacer SP: spherical with a diameter of 15 ⁇ m (manufactured by PMMA) ⁇ Ultraviolet polymerizable compound (polymerizable unsaturated compound) Component M1: Isobornyl acrylate Component M2: Pentaerythritol triacrylate Component M3: Urethane acrylate/non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP (non-polymerizable additive) Component NPA1: Dibutyl adipate Component
- Examples 1 to 6 As shown in FIG. 3, the coating liquids of Examples 1 to 6 each used 0.5% by mass of Component NPA1 to Component NPA6 as the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP. Using the coating liquids of Examples 1 to 6, a coating film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was formed on the first transparent electrode layer 34, and spacers SP were dispersed in the coating film. Then, the coating film in which the spacers SP are dispersed is laminated with the first transparent electrode layer 34 and the second transparent electrode layer 35, and the first transparent support layer 36 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 365 nm, thereby obtaining the Light control sheets 11 of Examples 1 to 6 were obtained. At this time, the intensity of the ultraviolet rays was set to 10 mW/cm 2 and the irradiation time of the ultraviolet rays was set to 100 seconds.
- Examples 7 to 12 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the coating liquids of Examples 7 to 12 each used 1.0% by mass of Component NPA1 to Component NPA6 as the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP. Light control sheets 11 of Examples 7 to 12 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the blending ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP and the blending ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- Examples 13 to 18 As shown in FIG. 4, the coating liquids of Examples 13 to 18 each used 2.0% by mass of Component NPA1 to Component NPA6 as the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP. Light control sheets 11 of Examples 13 to 18 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the blending ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP and the blending ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- Examples 19 to 30 As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the coating liquids of Examples 19 to 30 each used 3.0% by mass of Component NPA1 to Component NPA12 as the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP. Light control sheets 11 of Examples 19 to 30 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the blending ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP and the blending ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- Examples 31 to 36 As shown in FIG. 6, the coating liquids of Examples 31 to 36 each used 4.0% by mass of Component NPA1 to Component NPA6 as the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP. Light control sheets 11 of Examples 31 to 36 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the blending ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP and the blending ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- Examples 37 to 39 As shown in FIG. 6, the coating liquids of Examples 37 to 39 each used 5.0% by mass of Component NPA3, Component NPA5, and Component NPA6 as the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP. Light control sheets 11 of Examples 37 to 39 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the blending ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP and the blending ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- Examples 40 to 41 As shown in FIG. 6, the coating liquids of Examples 40 to 41 each used 0.3% by mass of Component NPA4 and Component NPA6 as the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP. Light control sheets 11 of Examples 40 to 41 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the blending ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP and the blending ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- Comparative example 1 As shown in FIG. 7, the same coating liquid as in Example 1 except for the omission of the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP and the compounding ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound was used. Then, a light control sheet 11 of Comparative Example 1 was obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3
- a coating liquid to which 0.5% by mass of component MA1 is added as a polymerizable additive is used, and the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted.
- a light control sheet 11 of Comparative Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for addition of the polymerizable additive and the compounding ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted, a coating liquid to which 4.0% by mass of the component MA1 is added as a polymerizable additive is used, the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted, and the polymerizable additive is
- a light control sheet 11 of Comparative Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the addition of the agent and the compounding ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- Comparative Examples 4 to 5 As shown in FIG. 7, the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted, and a coating liquid to which 0.5% by mass of component MA2 is added as a polymerizable additive is used, and the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted.
- a light control sheet 11 of Comparative Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for addition of the polymerizable additive and the compounding ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted, a coating liquid to which 4.0% by mass of the component MA2 is added as a polymerizable additive is used, and the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted, and the polymerizable additive is
- a light control sheet 11 of Comparative Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the addition of the agent and the compounding ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- Comparative Examples 6 to 7 As shown in FIG. 7, the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted, and a coating liquid to which 0.5% by mass of component MA3 is added as a polymerizable additive is used, and the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted.
- a light control sheet 11 of Comparative Example 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for addition of the polymerizable additive and the compounding ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted, a coating liquid to which 4.0% by mass of the component MA3 is added as a polymerizable additive is used, and the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is omitted, and the polymerizable additive is
- a light control sheet 11 of Comparative Example 7 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the addition of the agent and the compounding ratio of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound.
- the time required for the light control sheet 11 to switch from the opaque state to the transparent state was measured as an ON operation at ⁇ 20° C., ⁇ 10° C., Measured at each temperature of 23°C.
- the time required for switching from the opaque state to the transparent state is the time from the start of application of the drive voltage until the haze of the light control sheet 11 stabilizes.
- the time required for the light control sheet 11 to switch from the transparent state to the opaque state was measured as an OFF operation at ⁇ 20° C., ⁇ 10° C., Measured at each temperature of 23°C.
- the time required for switching from the transparent state to the opaque state is the time from when the application of the drive voltage is stopped until the haze of the light control sheet 11 stabilizes.
- the difference between the ON operation at ⁇ 20° C. and the ON operation at 23° C. is 4 seconds or less in each of Examples 1 to 41, while in Comparative Examples 1 to 7, all was also found to be 6 seconds or longer.
- the temperature is less likely to decrease than when the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is not added or when the polymerizable additive is added. It was confirmed that the degree of deterioration in the responsiveness of the ON operation due to this can be suppressed.
- a comparison of the haze in the clear state of Examples 7 to 39 and the haze in the clear state of Examples 1 to 6 shows the ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM. It was found that haze in the transparent state can be further suppressed when the proportion is 2% or more.
- the haze in the opaque state of Examples 33, 35 and 36 is 85% or more at 100°C, while the haze in the opaque state of Examples 37, 38 and 39 is 83% or less at 100°C. Admitted.
- the ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent DP to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is 8% or less, the reduction in haze in the opaque state can be suppressed.
- the deviation between the haze in the opaque state at ⁇ 20° C. and the haze in the opaque state at 23° C. was 10% or less. 39, all of them were found to be 12% or more. As a result, it was found that when the ratio of the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is 8% or less, the degree of decrease in the haze in the opaque state due to the decrease in temperature can be suppressed. was taken.
- the liquid crystal composition 31LC contains the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent DP represented by the above formulas (1) to (3), the alkyl group, which is a non-polar group, is included in the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the alkyl group which is a non-polar group.
- a low-molecular structure represented by the above formulas (1) to (3) is suitable for diffusing from the polymer of the ultraviolet polymerizable compound, that is, for phase separation from the organic polymer layer 31P as liquid crystal particles. is.
- non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP is an adipate ester, such as components NPA1 to NPA6, the orientational order of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is reduced at ambient temperatures as low as -20°C. can be suppressed.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity-reducing agent DP to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM is 2% or more and 8% or less, the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound LCM at a high ambient temperature such as 100 ° C. It also makes it easier to control the transition to the disordered phase.
- the liquid crystal composition contains diisodecyl adipate as a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent, and the non-polymerizable viscosity relative to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound is
- the weight ratio of the lowering agent may be 1% or more and 8% or less.
- the liquid crystal composition is selected from the group consisting of dibutyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, and diisononyl adipate as a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent. and the ratio of the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be 1% or more and 8% or less.
- the liquid crystal composition is a group consisting of diisodecyl adipate, dibutyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, and diisononyl adipate as a non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent. and the ratio of the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be 1% or more and 8% or less.
- the ratio of the weight of the organic polymer layer to the total weight of the organic polymer layer and the liquid crystal composition is 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass. It can be below.
- the ratio of the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent to the total weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent is , 2% by mass or more and 6% by mass or less.
- the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent relative to the weight of the liquid crystal composition is 0.3%, in other words, the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound
- the OFF operation takes time, while the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent to the weight of the liquid crystal composition is 0.5% or more, In other words, when the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent is 1% or more with respect to the weight of the non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the time required for the OFF operation can be sharply shortened.
- the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent includes any one selected from the group consisting of diisodecyl adipate, dibutyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, and diisononyl adipate, and is non-polymerized.
- the weight of the non-polymerizable viscosity-lowering agent is 1% or more and 8% or less with respect to the weight of the liquid crystal compound, the time required for the OFF operation can be sharply shortened.
- the time required for the OFF operation is It can be sharply shortened.
- - X in formula (1) is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 in formula (1) are the terminals of the straight-chain alkyl group may be bonded to one carbon positioned at , or may be bonded separately to one carbon positioned at the end of the straight-chain alkyl group and the other one carbon positioned at the end.
- X in formula (1) is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 in formula (1) are straight-chain alkyl groups other than the terminal may be attached to separate carbons located at X in formula (1) is one aryl group, one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in formula (1) is bonded to one carbon in the aryl group, and R 1 , R 2 , The remaining two of R 3 may be attached to one other carbon in the aryl group.
- X in Formula (1) is one aryl group, and R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 in Formula (1) may each bond to different carbon atoms in the aryl group.
- Non-polymerizable viscosity reducing agent LCM Non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound SP... Spacer 11... Light control sheet 12... Driving part 31... Light control layer 32... First alignment layer 33... Second alignment layer 34... First transparent electrode Layer 35... Second transparent electrode layer 36... First transparent support layer 37... Second transparent support layer 31P... Organic polymer layer 31D... Gap 31LC... Liquid crystal composition
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Abstract
Description
上記調光シートにおいて、前記非重合性液晶化合物の重量に対する前記非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合は1%以上8%以下でもよい。この構成においても、-20℃のような低い環境温度における非重合性液晶化合物の配向秩序の低下が抑制可能ともなる。また、この構成によれば、上述した効果の得られる実行性が高められると共に、100℃のような高い環境温度において非重合性液晶化合物を無秩序相に転移させることの制御が容易ともなる。
上記調光シートにおいて、前記非重合性液晶化合物のNI点が100℃以上145℃以下でもよい。
上記調光シートにおいて、前記非重合性液晶化合物と前記非重合性粘度低下剤との総重量に対する前記液晶組成物に含まれる全ての前記非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合は、2質量%以上6質量%以下でもよい。
なお、ノーマル型とリバース型とは、2つの透明電極層と調光層とを備える点において共通する。以下では、リバース型の構成と作用とを主に説明し、ノーマル型のなかでリバース型と相違する構成を付記し、ノーマル型のなかでリバース型と重複する構成を割愛する。
図1が示すように、調光装置10は、調光シート11と、駆動部12とを備える。調光シート11は、調光層31、第1配向層32、第2配向層33、第1透明電極層34、第2透明電極層35、第1透明支持層36、および、第2透明支持層37を備える。
図2が示すように、調光層31は、有機高分子層31P、液晶組成物31LC、およびスペーサーSPとを備える。有機高分子層31Pは、液晶組成物31LCに埋められた空隙31Dを区画する。有機高分子層31Pは、複数の空隙31Dを区画する。空隙31Dは、隣接する他の空隙31Dと隔絶されてもよいし、隣接する他の空隙31Dと接続されてもよい。空隙31Dの大きさは、2種類以上であり、相対的に大きい空隙31H1と、相対的に小さい空隙31H2とを含む。空隙31Dの形状は、球形状、楕円体状、あるいは不定形状である。
有機高分子層31Pは、光重合性化合物の硬化体である。光重合性化合物は、紫外線硬化性化合物でもよいし、電子線硬化性化合物でもよい。光重合性化合物は、液晶組成物31LCと相溶性を有する。空隙31Dの寸法制御性を高める場合、光重合性化合物は、紫外線硬化性化合物であることが好ましい。紫外線硬化性化合物の一例は、分子構造の末端に重合性不飽和結合を含む。あるいは、紫外線硬化性化合物は、分子構造の末端以外に重合性の不飽和結合を含む。光重合性化合物は、1種の重合性化合物、あるいは2種以上の重合性化合物の組み合わせである。
液晶組成物31LCは、高分子分散型液晶組成物である。液晶組成物31LCは、非重合性液晶化合物LCMと非重合性粘度低下剤DPとを含み、空隙31Dに充填されている。液晶組成物31LCは、二色性色素、消泡剤、酸化防止剤、耐候剤、溶剤を含有してもよい。耐候剤の一例は、紫外線吸収剤や光安定剤である。
非重合性液晶化合物LCMの長軸方向の誘電率は、非重合性液晶化合物LCMの短軸方向の誘電率よりも大きい、正の誘電異方性を有する。あるいは、非重合性液晶化合物LCMの長軸方向の誘電率は、非重合性液晶化合物LCMの短軸方向の誘電率よりも低い、負の誘電異方性を有する。非重合性液晶化合物LCMの誘電異方性は、調光シート11における各配向層の有無、および駆動型式に基づいて適宜選択される。
R11-A11-Z11-A12-Z12-A13-Z13-A14-R12 …(10)
R11は、水素原子、炭素原子数1以上20以下のアルキル基である。R11のアルキル基に含まれる1つ、または隣接しない2つ以上のメチレン結合は、酸素原子、エチレン結合、エステル結合、ジエーテル結合からなる群から選択されるいずれかに置換可能である。
非重合性粘度低下剤DPは、相互に隣り合う非重合性液晶化合物LCMの分子間相互作用を弱めるためのアルキル基などの非極性基を含む。非重合性粘度低下剤DPは、非重合性液晶化合物LCMの極性と相互作用する極性を有したエステル結合などの極性基を含む。
調光シート11の製造方法は、第1透明支持層36と第2透明支持層37との間に、上述した光重合性化合物と液晶組成物31LCとを含む塗膜を形成することを含む。第1透明支持層36は、第1配向層32と第1透明電極層34とを備える。第2透明支持層37は、第2配向層33と第2透明電極層35とを備える。なお、第1配向層32と第2配向層33とが割愛された調光シート11の製造方法では、第1透明支持層36と第2透明支持層37との間に、上述した光重合性化合物と液晶組成物31LCとを含む塗膜を形成する。第1透明支持層36は、第1配向層32を割愛され、第1透明電極層34を備える。第2透明支持層37は、第2配向層33を割愛され、第2透明電極層35を備える。
調光シート11の具体的な実施例、および比較例を以下に示す。なお、各実施例、および比較例は、第1配向層32と第2配向層33とが割愛されたノーマル型の調光シート11である。そして、第1透明電極層34を備えた第1透明支持層36と、第2透明電極層35を備えた第2透明支持層37との間に、光重合性化合物と液晶組成物31LCとを含む塗膜を形成し、塗膜のなかで光重合性化合物を重合させることによって、調光シート11を得た。
・第2透明電極層35 : 酸化インジウムスズ
・第1透明支持層36 : ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム
・第2透明支持層37 : ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム
・重合開始剤PI1 : 1-ヒドロキシシクロヘキシルフェニルケトン
・非重合性液晶化合物LCM: シアノビフェニル化合物
・スペーサーSP : 直径15μmの真球状(PMMA製)
・紫外線重合性化合物(重合性不飽和化合物)
成分M1 :イソボニルアクリレート
成分M2 :ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート
成分M3 :ウレタンアクリレート・非重合性粘度低下剤DP(非重合性添加剤)
成分NPA1 : アジピン酸ジブチル
成分NPA2 : アジピン酸ジオクチル
成分NPA3 : アジピン酸ジイソノニル
成分NPA4 : アジピン酸ジイソデシル
成分NPA5 : アジピン酸ビス(2-ブトキシエチル)
成分NPA6 : マロン酸ジエチル
成分NPA7 : フタル酸ジ-n-ブチル
成分NPA8 : フタル酸ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)
成分NPA9 : トリメリット酸トリス(2-エチルヘキシル)
成分NPA10: o-アセチルクエン酸トリブチル
成分NPA11: 安息香酸メチル
成分NPA12: リン酸トリブチル
・重合性添加剤
成分MA1 : アクリル酸ブチル
成分MA2 : トリエチレングルコールジアクリレート
成分MA3 : ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート
図3が示すように、実施例1~実施例6の塗工液は、それぞれ非重合性粘度低下剤DPとして0.5質量%の成分NPA1~成分NPA6を用いた。実施例1~実施例6の塗工液を用いて、厚さが20μmの塗膜を第1透明電極層34の上に形成し、スペーサーSPを塗膜中に散布した。そして、スペーサーSPが散布された塗膜を第1透明電極層34と第2透明電極層35とによってラミネートし、第1透明支持層36に向けて365nmの紫外光線を照射することによって、実施例1~実施例6の調光シート11を得た。この際、紫外光線の強度を10mW/cm2に設定し、紫外線の照射時間を100秒とした。
図3および図4が示すように、実施例7~実施例12の塗工液は、それぞれ非重合性粘度低下剤DPとして1.0質量%の成分NPA1~成分NPA6を用いた。非重合性粘度低下剤DPの配合比、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、実施例7~実施例12の調光シート11を得た。
図4が示すように、実施例13~実施例18の塗工液は、それぞれ非重合性粘度低下剤DPとして2.0質量%の成分NPA1~成分NPA6を用いた。非重合性粘度低下剤DPの配合比、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、実施例13~実施例18の調光シート11を得た。
図4および図5が示すように、実施例19~実施例30の塗工液は、それぞれ非重合性粘度低下剤DPとして3.0質量%の成分NPA1~成分NPA12を用いた。非重合性粘度低下剤DPの配合比、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、実施例19~実施例30の調光シート11を得た。
図6が示すように、実施例31~実施例36の塗工液は、それぞれ非重合性粘度低下剤DPとして4.0質量%の成分NPA1~成分NPA6を用いた。非重合性粘度低下剤DPの配合比、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、実施例31~実施例36の調光シート11を得た。
図6が示すように、実施例37~実施例39の塗工液は、それぞれ非重合性粘度低下剤DPとして5.0質量%の成分NPA3、成分NPA5、成分NPA6を用いた。非重合性粘度低下剤DPの配合比、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、実施例37~実施例39の調光シート11を得た。
図6が示すように、実施例40~実施例41の塗工液は、それぞれ非重合性粘度低下剤DPとして0.3質量%の成分NPA4、成分NPA6を用いた。非重合性粘度低下剤DPの配合比、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、実施例40~実施例41の調光シート11を得た。
図7が示すように、非重合性粘度低下剤DPを割愛した塗工液を用い、非重合性粘度低下剤DPを割愛すること、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の調光シート11を得た。
図7が示すように、非重合性粘度低下剤DPを割愛し、重合性添加剤として0.5質量%の成分MA1を加えた塗工液を用い、非重合性粘度低下剤DPを割愛すること、重合性添加剤を加えること、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、比較例2の調光シート11を得た。
図7が示すように、非重合性粘度低下剤DPを割愛し、重合性添加剤として0.5質量%の成分MA2を加えた塗工液を用い、非重合性粘度低下剤DPを割愛すること、重合性添加剤を加えること、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、比較例4の調光シート11を得た。
図7が示すように、非重合性粘度低下剤DPを割愛し、重合性添加剤として0.5質量%の成分MA3を加えた塗工液を用い、非重合性粘度低下剤DPを割愛すること、重合性添加剤を加えること、および紫外線重合性化合物の配合比以外を実施例1と同様にして、比較例6の調光シート11を得た。
実施例1~41、および比較例1~7の調光シート11を用い、不透明状態の調光シート11のヘイズ(非通電時)、および透明状態の調光シート11のヘイズ(通電時)をそれぞれ-20℃、-10℃、0℃、23℃、90℃、100℃の各温度で測定した。
(1)上記式(1)~(3)で表される非重合性粘度低下剤DPを液晶組成物31LCに含む構成であれば、非極性基であるアルキル基が非重合性液晶化合物LCMの間に介在して、非重合性液晶化合物LCMにおける分子間相互作用を弱める。これにより、-20℃のような低い環境温度における光透過率の応答性を高めることが可能となる。
・調光シート、その製造方法、および高分子分散型用液晶組成物において、液晶組成物は、非重合性粘度低下剤としてアジピン酸ジイソデシルを含み、非重合性液晶化合物の重量に対する非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合は、1%以上8%以下でもよい。また、調光シート、その製造方法、および高分子分散型用液晶組成物において、液晶組成物は、非重合性粘度低下剤としてアジピン酸ジブチル、アジピン酸ジオクチル、およびアジピン酸ジイソノニルからなる群から選択されるいずれか1つを含み、非重合性液晶化合物の重量に対する非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合が1%以上8%以下でもよい。調光シート、その製造方法、および高分子分散型用液晶組成物において、液晶組成物は、非重合性粘度低下剤としてアジピン酸ジイソデシル、アジピン酸ジブチル、アジピン酸ジオクチル、およびアジピン酸ジイソノニルからなる群から選択されるいずれか1つを含み、非重合性液晶化合物の重量に対する非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合が1%以上8%以下でもよい。
LCM…非重合性液晶化合物
SP…スペーサー
11…調光シート
12…駆動部
31…調光層
32…第1配向層
33…第2配向層
34…第1透明電極層
35…第2透明電極層
36…第1透明支持層
37…第2透明支持層
31P…有機高分子層
31D…空隙
31LC…液晶組成物
Claims (14)
- 前記有機高分子層と前記液晶組成物との総重量に対する前記有機高分子層の重量の割合は、30質量%以上60質量%以下である
請求項1または2に記載の調光シート。 - 前記非重合性液晶化合物の重量に対する前記非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合が1%以上8%以下である
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の調光シート。 - 前記式(1)においてXは、炭素原子数が1以上6以下の直鎖アルキル基であり、
前記式(1)においてR1は、前記式(2)で表される官能基であり、
前記式(1)においてR2、R3は、それぞれ独立に水素原子である
請求項1、3、4のいずれか一項に記載の調光シート。 - 前記非重合性液晶化合物のNI点が100℃以上145℃以下である
請求項1、または3から5のいずれか一項に記載の調光シート。 - 前記非重合性粘度低下剤は、アジピン酸ジイソデシル、アジピン酸ジブチル、アジピン酸ジオクチル、アジピン酸ビス(2-ブトキシエチル)、およびアジピン酸ジイソノニルからなる群から選択されるいずれか1つである、
請求項1、または3から6のいずれか一項に記載の調光シート。 - 前記非重合性液晶化合物と前記非重合性粘度低下剤との総重量に対する前記液晶組成物に含まれる全ての前記非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合は、2質量%以上6質量%以下である
請求項7に記載の調光シート。 - 第1透明電極層と、
第2透明電極層と、をさらに備え、
前記有機高分子層は、透明電極層間に位置し、
前記液晶組成物は、前記有機高分子層から相分離された液晶粒子であり、
前記透明電極層間の電圧印加の解除によって透明状態から不透明状態に移る
請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の調光シート。 - 第1透明電極層と、
第2透明電極層と、をさらに備え、
前記有機高分子層は、透明電極層間に位置し、
前記液晶組成物は、前記有機高分子層から相分離された液晶粒子であり、
前記透明電極層間の電圧印加によって透明状態から不透明状態に移る
請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の調光シート。 - 複数の空隙を区画する有機高分子層、および、非重合性液晶化合物を含み前記空隙を埋める液晶組成物を備え、前記非重合性液晶化合物の駆動によって可視光線の透過率を変える調光シートを製造する方法であって、
前記液晶組成物と紫外線硬化性化合物とを含む層で前記紫外線硬化性化合物を重合することにより前記液晶組成物からなる液晶粒子を前記有機高分子層から相分離することを含み、
前記液晶組成物は、下記式(1)で表される非重合性粘度低下剤を含み、
R1、R2、R3は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、または式(2)で表される官能基;
r4は、炭素原子数が1以上10以下の直鎖または分岐のアルキル基、またはエーテル基;
前記有機高分子層と前記液晶組成物との総重量に対する前記有機高分子層の重量の割合は、30質量%以上60質量%以下であり、
前記非重合性液晶化合物の重量に対する前記非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合が1%以上8%以下である
調光シートの製造方法。 - 複数の空隙を区画する有機高分子層、および、非重合性液晶化合物を含み前記空隙を埋める液晶組成物を備え、前記非重合性液晶化合物の駆動によって可視光線の透過率を変える調光シートを製造する方法であって、
前記液晶組成物と紫外線硬化性化合物とを含む層で前記紫外線硬化性化合物を重合することにより前記液晶組成物からなる液晶粒子を前記有機高分子層から相分離することを含み、
前記液晶組成物は、下記式(3)で表される非重合性粘度低下剤を含み、
前記有機高分子層と前記液晶組成物との総重量に対する前記有機高分子層の重量の割合は、30質量%以上60質量%以下であり、
前記非重合性液晶化合物の重量に対する前記非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合が1%以上8%以下である
調光シートの製造方法。 - 液晶組成物と紫外線硬化性化合物とを含む層で前記紫外線硬化性化合物を重合することにより重合体である有機高分子層から相分離される高分子分散型用液晶組成物であって、
前記液晶組成物は、非重合性液晶化合物と下記式(1)で表される非重合性粘度低下剤を含み、
R1、R2、R3は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、または式(2)で表される官能基;
r4は、炭素原子数が1以上10以下の直鎖または分岐のアルキル基、またはエーテル基;
前記紫外線硬化性化合物と前記液晶組成物との総重量に対する前記紫外線硬化性化合物の重量の割合は、30質量%以上60質量%以下であり、
前記非重合性液晶化合物の重量に対する前記非重合性粘度低下剤の重量の割合が1%以上8%以下である
高分子分散型用液晶組成物。
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