WO2022202977A1 - 構造体 - Google Patents
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- WO2022202977A1 WO2022202977A1 PCT/JP2022/013877 JP2022013877W WO2022202977A1 WO 2022202977 A1 WO2022202977 A1 WO 2022202977A1 JP 2022013877 W JP2022013877 W JP 2022013877W WO 2022202977 A1 WO2022202977 A1 WO 2022202977A1
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- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 53
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
- F28D1/0366—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being formed by zig-zag bend plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
- F28F3/046—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
- F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to structures, and more particularly to structures that can be used for applications such as heat exchange and ventilation.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a gas-liquid separation device having two flow paths separated by a periodic minimal curved surface of a gyroid. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a heat exchanger having two flow paths separated by various periodic minimal curved surfaces. Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 each intend to improve gas-liquid separation efficiency or heat exchange efficiency by increasing the specific surface area by using a periodic minimal curved surface for the partition wall separating two flow paths. ing.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a heat exchanger formed of triple-period minimal curved surfaces whose unit cell sizes change hierarchically.
- the structure disclosed in Patent Document 3 is formed of triple-period minimal curved surfaces in which the size of the unit cells changes hierarchically, and in each unit, one channel separated from each other by the triple-period minimal curved surfaces is formed. Although the diameter and the diameter of the other channel differ depending on the size of the unit, the ratio between them is constant in units of any size. Therefore, even in the structure disclosed in Patent Document 3, the heat exchange characteristics are uniform throughout the structure, and the heat exchange characteristics cannot be distributed within the structure.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 each disclose a gas-liquid separator and a heat exchanger used in various industrial plants and the like. There is no description or suggestion of the idea of using it on windows, walls, etc. for ventilation and the like. Therefore, in the structures disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, for example, when used for windows, walls, etc. for heat exchange and ventilation, how to form the inflow and outflow paths of outside air and inside air, lighting No consideration has been given to the form of the opening for the .
- a first flow channel space formed by a plurality of first flow channels communicating with each other and a second flow channel space formed by a plurality of second flow channels communicating with each other
- a structure is provided in which a region is provided in which the ratio of the channel diameter to the channel varies.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross section of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 taken along a plane parallel to the xy plane. 4 is an enlarged view of one of the first flow paths shown in FIG. 3
- FIG. The structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is placed on a plane parallel to the xy plane and at a position shifted in the z-axis direction from the cross section shown in FIG. Fig. 3 shows a cross-section taken along
- FIG. (a) is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in FIGS.
- FIG. (a) is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 cut along a plane parallel to the yz plane, and FIG. A cross section of the structure cut along a plane parallel to the yz plane in the figure and at a position shifted by half the period of the periodic curved surface in the x direction with respect to the cross section shown in FIG. It is a diagram.
- FIG. (a) is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 cut along a plane parallel to the yz plane
- FIG. 7B is a view for explaining the flow path diameter ratio of the first flow path and the second flow path that are adjacent to each other across the partition wall structure in the cross-sectional view of the structure shown in FIG. 7B.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining changes in the volume ratio between the first flow channel space and the second flow channel space in the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross section of a structure in which first and second flow paths extending in the direction of the y-axis appear, and a unit volume unit cut out from the structure at each position along the y-axis direction of the drawing, and
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship of the volume ratio of the 1st channel space and the 2nd channel space in the unit volume unit of each position. It is the figure which drew the dashed-dotted line for description with respect to the front view of the structure shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a front view showing a modified example of the structure according to one embodiment of
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure shown in FIG.
- the structure 100 of the present embodiment includes a partition wall structure 110 that forms two flow passage spaces 120 and 130 that are separated from each other. .
- a coordinate system is defined with the horizontal direction of the structure 100 as the x-axis, the vertical direction as the y-axis, and the depth direction as the z-axis.
- the partition wall structure 110 of the structure 100 of the present embodiment includes a first channel space 120 for passing the first fluid in the illustrated y-axis direction and a second channel space for passing the second fluid in the illustrated z-axis direction. 130.
- the two flow spaces 120, 130 are separated from each other by the partition wall structure 110, so that the first and second fluids respectively flowing through the two flow spaces 120, 130 do not mix with each other.
- the structure 100 of this embodiment has first sealing portions 140 that seal the open end surfaces of the partition structure 110 on both sides parallel to the yz plane in the drawing.
- the first sealing portion 140 has a wall-like formation that covers the entire surfaces of the left and right open end faces of the partition structure 110 in the drawing.
- the first and second flow path spaces 120 and 130 are opened to the external space of the partition structure 110 at the open end surface of the partition structure 110 , but are closed by the first sealing portion 140 covering the entire open end surface of the partition structure 110 .
- the first and second flow passage spaces 120 and 130 are separated from each other by the partition wall structure 110, and terminate respectively. As a result, none of the fluid flowing through the first and second flow passage spaces 120 and 130 is allowed to flow out of the left and right open end surfaces of the partition wall structure 110 in the drawing.
- the structure 100 of this embodiment has a second sealing portion 150 that seals a part of the open end face of the partition structure 110 on both upper and lower surfaces parallel to the xz plane in the drawing.
- the second sealing part 150 is formed so as to seal only the second flow path space 130 through which the second fluid passes in the z-axis direction in the illustrated vertical direction open end surface of the partition structure 110 .
- the structure 100 of this embodiment has a third sealing portion 160 that seals a part of the open end face of the partition structure 110 on both sides parallel to the xy plane in the drawing.
- the third sealing portion 160 is formed so as to seal only the first channel space 120 through which the first fluid passes, of the open end face of the partition wall structure 110 in the longitudinal direction.
- the first fluid that has flowed into the first flow channel space 120 from one of the upper and lower surfaces in the drawing along the y-axis direction is through the channel space 120 and flows out from the first channel space 120 on the other side in the vertical direction in the drawing.
- the second fluid that has flowed into the second flow path space 130 from one side in the front-rear direction along the z-axis direction flows through the second flow path space 130 into the other surface in the front-rear direction. It flows out from the second channel space 130 on the surface side.
- the partition structure 110 can be formed by a wall that is formed based on a periodic curved surface and has a certain thickness.
- the periodic curved surface includes, for example, a helical curved surface forming a double helical screw forming two helical spaces adjacent to each other and separated from each other by one helical wall and the other helical wall, a periodic minimal curved surface, especially A triple periodic minimal surface (hereinafter also referred to as "TPMS": Triply Periodic Minimal Surface) can be used.
- TPMS Triply Periodic Minimal Surface
- a "minimum surface” is a surface that locally minimizes its area, and the surface has zero mean curvature at all points.
- Zero mean curvature means that the mean curvature of the minimal surface is zero at all points on its surface.
- the mean curvature is the average of the two principal curvatures, which are the maximum and minimum normal curvatures at a particular point on the surface of the minimal surface. On the opposite side of each point on the surface of the minimal curved surface, there is a point with the same absolute value and opposite sign, so the average curvature over the entire surface is zero.
- a "triple periodic minimal surface (TPMS)" is a triple periodic minimal surface whose surface is periodically repeated in three different directions.
- a triple periodic minimal surface divides the space into two volumes that are separated from each other. Two volumes separated from each other can form two intertwined spaces, but the two spaces do not communicate with each other.
- Examples of triple periodic minimal surfaces include Gyroid curved surfaces, Schwarz P curved surfaces, Schwarz D curved surfaces, Fischer-Koch S curved surfaces, and Lidinoid curved surfaces. not.
- a periodic minimal curved surface structure formed by arbitrarily combining two or more of the above triple periodic minimal curved surfaces may be employed.
- the partition structure 110 is formed based on a gyroid that is an example of TPMS.
- a gyroid minimal surface is represented by the following function F(x, y, z).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross section of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 cut along a plane parallel to the xy plane.
- 4 is an enlarged view of one of the first flow paths shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. FIG. 5 shows the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a plane parallel to the xy plane shown in the drawing, which is shifted by half the period of the periodic curved surface in the z-axis direction with respect to the cross section shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a cross-section cut along a plane at a position;
- a plurality of first flow paths 122 extending in the y-axis direction which is the vertical direction in the drawing, are spaced apart from each other in the partition structure 110 of the structural body 100 according to the present embodiment.
- formed by The cross section of the first flow path 122 has a sinusoidal shape in the extending direction.
- These first channels 122 are open to the external space of the structure 100 at the lower surface and the upper surface of the structure 100 shown.
- These first flow paths 122 are formed so as to communicate with each other as will be described later, and the first flow paths 122 are integrated to allow the first fluid to flow in the illustrated y-axis direction. , forming a flow passage space 120 of .
- the first channel 122 in the region near the center of the partition wall structure 110 appears to be discontinued, but the channel is actually connected without discontinuity. Like the other first channels 122 , it communicates between the illustrated lower surface and the illustrated upper surface of the structure 100 .
- the first flow path 122 has a sine-wave cross-section in the extending direction, and has a shape extending in a spiral manner as a whole.
- a portion 124 of the first channel 122 that appears to be interrupted actually has a shape extending in a spiral shape around the illustrated y-axis direction, and has a smaller diameter than the other portions. shows the cross section of the channel.
- a longitudinal cross-section along the illustrated y-axis direction of the relatively small diameter portion 124 is shown, and a cross-section of one first flow path 122 passing through the portion 124 is a point. shown to exist.
- the flow of fluid in the first flow path 122 having such a spiral portion 124 will be described with reference to FIG. 4.
- Fluid entering the extended portion flows upward in the illustrated y-axis direction through the extended portion of the first channel 122 and then flows into the smaller diameter portion 124 and into the first channel within that portion 124 .
- the liquid flows upward in the y-axis direction while turning around the y-axis, and then flows in the upper extension portion of the first flow path 122 along the y-axis. It flows upward in the direction and flows out of the first channel 122 .
- a plurality of second flow paths 132 extending in the y-axis direction, which is the vertical direction in the drawing, are formed in the partition structure 110 at intervals.
- the plurality of first flow paths 122 and the plurality of second flow paths 132 are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in the illustrated x-axis direction.
- the second flow path 132 also has a sinusoidal cross-section in the extending direction, and has a shape extending in a spiral manner as a whole.
- the second flow paths 132 are closed and terminated by the second sealing portion 150 on the bottom surface and the top surface of the structure 100, and are not open to the external space of the structure 100. .
- These second flow paths 132 are also formed so as to communicate with each other, as will be described later. , forming a channel space 130 of .
- a plurality of first flow paths 122 extend in the x-axis direction, which is the horizontal direction in the drawing. are spaced apart from each other.
- the first flow path 122 has a sinusoidal cross section extending in a spiral shape in the extension direction.
- Each of the plurality of first flow paths 122 extending in the illustrated x-axis direction communicates with each of the plurality of first flow paths 122 extending in the y-axis direction, which is the vertical direction in the cross section shown in FIG.
- first flow paths 122 there is a plurality of first flow paths 122 extending in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) as shown in the cross section shown in FIG.
- a plurality of first flow paths 122 extending in the axial direction) are formed so as to appear alternately in the front-rear direction (z-axis direction).
- These first channels 122 thus form a three-dimensional grid within the partition structure 110 .
- the plurality of first flow paths 122 are integrated to form a first flow path space 120 that forms a complicated and intricate labyrinth.
- a plurality of second flow paths 132 are spaced apart from each other so as to extend in the x-axis direction, which is the left-right direction in the drawing. formed.
- the second flow path 132 has a sinusoidal cross section extending in a spiral shape in the extension direction.
- the plurality of first flow paths 122 and the plurality of second flow paths 132 are alternately arranged adjacent to each other. As with the first flow paths 122, each of the plurality of second flow paths 132 extending in the illustrated x-axis direction of the second flow paths 132 extends in the vertical direction in the cross section shown in FIG.
- the plurality of second flow paths 122 are integrated to form a second flow path space 130 that forms a complicated and intricate labyrinth.
- the open end surfaces of the left and right partition structures 110 are sealed by the first sealing portions 140, respectively, and the open end surfaces of the partition structure 110 are open to the external space of the partition structure 110.
- the first and second flow path spaces 120 and 130 are separated from each other by the partition wall structure 110 by the first sealing portion 140 and terminate respectively.
- FIG. 6(a) is a diagram showing a cross section of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 cut along a plane parallel to the xz plane.
- FIG. 6(b) shows the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 on a plane parallel to the xz plane, and half of the periodic curved surface in the y direction with respect to the cross section shown in FIG. 6(a). It is a figure which shows the cross section cut
- a plurality of first flow paths 122 form a sinusoidal wave shape and extend in a spiral in the z-axis direction, which is the vertical direction in the drawing.
- the plurality of second flow paths 132 are also formed at intervals so as to form a sinusoidal wave shape and extend in a spiral in the z-axis direction, which is the vertical direction in the drawing.
- the plurality of first flow paths 122 and the plurality of second flow paths 132 are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in the x-axis direction. An end portion of each first flow path 122 in the z-axis direction is sealed by a third sealing portion 160 .
- a plurality of first flow paths 122 extend in a spiral shape forming a sinusoidal shape in the x-axis direction, which is the horizontal direction in the drawing.
- the plurality of second flow paths 132 are also formed at intervals so as to form a sinusoidal wave shape and extend in a spiral in the x-axis direction, which is the left-right direction in the drawing.
- the plurality of first flow paths 122 and the plurality of second flow paths 132 are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in the x-axis direction.
- the first flow path 122 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b).
- the leftmost first flow path 122 in FIG. A plurality of communication paths 122a communicating with other adjacent first flow paths 122 are formed in the first flow path 122 .
- FIG. 6A Although only one reference numeral 122a is given in FIG. 6A for clarity of illustration, a plurality of similar communication paths 122a are formed in each of the first flow paths 122.
- first flow passages 122 has a periodic curved surface in the y-axis direction. of the first flow passages 122 extending in the illustrated x-axis direction formed at a position shifted by half a period of , the uppermost first flow passage 122 in FIG. 6B. Adjacent first flow paths 122 extending in directions different from each other communicate with each other through communication paths 122a thus formed. Therefore, the plurality of first flow paths 122 extending in the x, y, and z-axis directions in the drawing communicate with each other through such communication paths 122a, and are integrated to form a complex and intricate labyrinth-like first flow path. It can be understood that a road space 120 is formed.
- the second flow path 132 communicates with each other through a communication path 132a.
- the second flow path 132 also has a plurality of communication paths 132a that communicate with other adjacent second flow paths 132 .
- each of the second flow paths 132 is formed with a plurality of similar communication paths 132a.
- the plurality of second flow paths 132 extending in the illustrated x, y, and z-axis directions are also communicated with each other by such communication paths 132a, and they are integrated to form a complex and intricate labyrinth-like second flow path. It can be understood that a road space 130 is formed.
- FIG. 7(a) is a diagram showing a cross section of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 cut along a plane parallel to the yz plane.
- FIG. 7(b) shows the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 on a plane parallel to the yz plane, and half of the periodic curved surface in the x direction with respect to the cross section shown in FIG. 7(a). It is a figure which shows the cross section cut
- a plurality of first flow paths 122 form a sinusoidal waveform and extend in a spiral in the z-axis direction, which is the left-right direction in the drawing.
- the plurality of second flow paths 132 are also formed at intervals so as to form a sinusoidal wave shape and extend in a spiral in the z-axis direction, which is the left-right direction in the drawing.
- the plurality of first flow paths 122 and the plurality of second flow paths 132 are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in the y-axis direction. An end portion of each first flow path 122 in the z-axis direction is sealed by a third sealing portion 160 .
- a plurality of first flow paths 122 extend in a spiral shape forming a sinusoidal shape in the y-axis direction, which is the vertical direction in the drawing.
- the plurality of second flow paths 132 are also formed at intervals so as to form a sinusoidal wave shape and extend in a spiral in the y-axis direction, which is the vertical direction in the drawing.
- the plurality of first flow paths 122 and the plurality of second flow paths 132 are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in the z-axis direction.
- first flow paths 122 shown in FIG. 7 are also communicated with each other by communicating portions 122a (not shown by reference numerals in FIG. 7) to form a labyrinth-shaped first flow path space 120.
- the plurality of second flow paths 132 also communicate with each other through communicating portions 132a (not shown by reference numerals in FIG. 7) to form a labyrinth-like second flow path space 130 .
- the plurality of first and second flow paths 122, 132 extend in three different directions (x, y, z-axis directions). , the plurality of first flow paths 122 and the plurality of second flow paths 132 are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in each of the three different directions (each of the x, y, z-axis directions). ing.
- the left and right (x-axis direction) open end faces of the partition structure 110 are sealed with the first sealing portion 140, and the partition structure Since the openings of the plurality of first flow paths 122 are sealed with the third sealing portion 160 at the end face of the figure 110 in the front-rear direction (z-axis direction), the first flow path extending in the figure x-axis direction 122 and both ends of the first flow path 122 extending in the illustrated z-axis direction are in a terminated state. Therefore, the first fluid does not flow out of the structure 100 from the first flow paths 122 extending in those directions.
- the first fluid that has flowed into the structure 100 from the lower surface side of the structure 100 in the drawing passes through the first flow channel space 120 formed by the plurality of first flow channels 122 and flows through the structure 100 in the drawing. It flows out of the structure 100 from the upper surface side. That is, in the structure 100 of this embodiment, the first fluid is configured to flow in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) in the first flow path space 120 .
- the plurality of first flow channels 122 forming the first flow channel space 120 communicate with each other so as to form a three-dimensional lattice structure in three directions of x, y, and z directions in the structure 100 . is doing. Therefore, for example, the first fluid that has flowed into a certain first flow path 122 extending in the y-axis direction from the lower surface side of the structure 100 in the drawing passes through the first flow path 122 and flows upward in the y-axis direction in the drawing. or through a first flow path 122 extending in the x-axis direction or z-axis direction to flow into another first flow path 122 extending in the illustrated y-axis direction. It may flow upward in the y-axis direction. The first fluid eventually flows out of the structural body 100 from the upper surface side of the structural body 100 in the figure, regardless of which first flow path 122 it passes through.
- the left and right (x-axis direction) open end surfaces of the partition structure 110 are sealed with the first sealing portion 140, and the partition structure 110 is sealed in the vertical direction. Since the openings of the plurality of second flow paths 132 are sealed by the second sealing portion 150 at the end face (in the y-axis direction), the second flow paths 132 extending in the illustrated x-axis direction and the illustrated y-axis Both ends of the second flow path 132 extending in the direction are terminated. Therefore, the second fluid does not flow out of the structure 100 from the second flow paths 132 extending in those directions.
- the second fluid that has flowed into the structural body 100 from the front side of the structural body 100 in the drawing passes through the second flow channel space 130 formed by the plurality of second flow channels 132 and passes through the structural body 100 in the drawing. It flows out of the structure 100 from the back side. That is, in the structure 100 of this embodiment, the second fluid is configured to flow in the front-rear direction (z-axis direction) in the second flow path space 130 .
- the plurality of second flow paths 132 forming the second flow path space 130 are defined by the outer peripheral surfaces of the plurality of first flow paths 122 extending in three directions forming the first flow path space 130,
- the inside of the structural body 100 communicates with each other so as to form a three-dimensional lattice structure in three directions of x, y, and z axes in the figure. Therefore, for example, the second fluid that has flowed into a certain second flow path 132 extending in the z-axis direction from the front side of the structure 100 in the drawing flows directly through the second flow path 132 in the z-axis direction in the drawing.
- the second fluid eventually flows out of the structural body 100 from the rear side of the structural body 100 in the drawing, regardless of which second flow path 132 the second fluid passes through.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the flow path diameter ratio of the first flow path and the second flow path that are adjacent to each other across the partition structure in the cross-sectional view of the structure shown in FIG. 7(b).
- the first and second flow paths 122, 132 adjacent to each other across the partition wall structure 110 appearing in the cross-sectional view of the structure 100 shown in FIG. , extending along the y-axis direction in the figure and perpendicular to the y-axis direction in the figure (as an example, a cross section along the dashed line in FIG. 8). (or "passage width". The same shall apply hereinafter.) It has D1 and D2. The ratio D1/D2 of these channel diameters changes along the illustrated y-axis direction, which is the first direction, in at least part of the structure 100 .
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are conceptual diagrams for explaining changes in the volume ratio of the first channel space and the second channel space in the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cross-section of a structure in which first and second channels extending along the x-axis direction appear, and a unit volume unit cut out from the structure at each position along the illustrated y-axis direction;
- (b) is a graph showing the relationship of the volume ratio between the first channel space and the second channel space in unit volume units at each position.
- the structure of the conceptual diagram shown in FIG. 9A has a volume of a first flow channel space 120 formed by a plurality of first flow channels 122 communicating with each other along the y-axis direction of the drawing, and a plurality of The ratio of the volume of the second flow path space 130 formed by the second flow paths 132 communicating with each other continuously changes.
- the volume ratio "A” indicates the volume ratio of the first flow path space 120 formed by the plurality of first flow paths 122 communicating with each other
- the volume ratio "B” indicates the volume ratio. It shows the volume ratio of the second channel space 130 formed by connecting the plurality of second channels 132 to each other.
- the unit volume unit located at position 1 in the y-axis direction of the structure has a volume ratio A of the first channel space 120 and the second channel space 130.
- :B is 0.33:0.67
- the unit volume unit located at position 2 has the same volume ratio A:B of 0.41:0.59
- the unit volume unit located at position 3 has the same volume
- the ratio A:B is 0.50:0.50
- the unit volume unit located at position 4 has the same volume ratio A:B of 0.59:0.41
- the unit volume unit located at position 5 is The same volume ratio A:B is 0.67:0.33.
- the numerical value of the volume ratio at each position in the section from positions 1 to 5 along the illustrated y-axis direction is discretely shown as an example, but the volume ratio is continuous along the illustrated y-axis direction. can change. This is especially true in FIG. 9(b), where the volume fraction of the first channel space 120 shown in dark gray gradually increases from position 1 to position 5, whereas the volume fraction of the second flow channel space 120 shown in light gray gradually increases. It can also be understood from the fact that the volume ratio of the channel space 130 gradually decreases from position 1 to position 5.
- the ratio of the channel diameters of the first channel 122 and the second channel 132 extending in a certain direction adjacent to each other with the partition wall structure 110 therebetween is By providing a region that changes along the direction, the volume of the first flow passage space 120 and the second flow passage 132 communicated with each other in that region. It can be understood that the volume ratio to the volume of the second channel space 130 changes along the same direction.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram in which the front view of the structure shown in FIG. 2 is drawn with a dashed-dotted line for explanation.
- the structure 100 of this embodiment has a first spatial region 100A, a second spatial region 100B and a third spatial region 100C.
- the first spatial region 100A exists in the surrounding region of the structure 100.
- the area outside the outer dashed-dotted line circle corresponds to the first spatial area 100A.
- the first spatial region 100A is a three-dimensional space formed by extending in the z-axis direction in the drawing outside the dashed-dotted line circle in FIG.
- the channel diameter of the first channel 122 and the channel diameter of the second channel 132 are equal, and are expressed as "the channel diameter of the first channel 122/the second channel A first ratio expressed as "132 channel diameters" has a value of 1.
- the second spatial region 100B exists near the center of the structure 100, and as shown in FIG. It has a circular shape when Of the two dashed-dotted line circles shown in FIG. 10, the area surrounded by the inner dashed-dotted line circle corresponds to the second spatial area 100B.
- the second spatial region 100B is a three-dimensional space formed by extending the region surrounded by the dashed-dotted line in FIG. 10 in the z-axis direction.
- the first channel 122 has a smaller channel diameter than the first channel 122 in the first region 100A, while the second channel 132 has a channel diameter larger than that of the second channel 132 in the spatial region 100A.
- the ratio represented by "the channel diameter of the first channel 122/the channel diameter of the second channel 132" in the second spatial region 100B is defined as the "second ratio”
- the value is a value smaller than 1
- the relationship of "first ratio>second ratio" is established.
- the third spatial region 100C exists between the first spatial region 100A and the second spatial region 100B.
- An annular region sandwiched between two dashed-dotted line circles shown in FIG. 10 corresponds to the third spatial region 100C.
- the third spatial region 100C is a three-dimensional space formed by an annular region sandwiched between two dashed line circles in FIG. 10 extending in the z-axis direction.
- the channel diameter ratio between the first channel 122 and the second channel 132 is changed from the first diameter ratio on the first spatial region 100A side to the second spatial region 100B side.
- First channel 122 and second channel 132 are formed such that their respective diameters continuously taper or taper so as to continuously transition to the second diameter ratio of . Therefore, the third spatial region 100C is configured such that the first flow channel 122 and the second flow channel 132 are arranged between two spatial regions having different flow channel diameter ratios. It functions as a transition region that continuously transitions and connects the channel diameters of 132 .
- “continuously transitioning the channel diameters of the first channel 122 and the second channel 132” means that the first channel 122 of the adjacent first or second spatial region 100A, 100B No corners or steps are formed at the connecting portion with the second flow channel 132, and no corners or steps are formed in the first flow channel 122 and the second flow channel 132 in the third spatial region 100C. is not formed, and the first channel 122 and the second channel 132 are formed with smooth curved surfaces.
- the portion of the partition wall structure 110 in the third spatial region 100C is formed by modifying the base periodic minimal curved surface so that the ratio of the channel diameters of the two channels separated by the periodic minimal curved surface gradually changes. be able to.
- the structure 100 of the present embodiment includes the first and second spatial regions 100A and 100B having different channel diameter ratios.
- the diameter of the first channel 122 and the diameter of the second channel 132 are equal.
- the diameter of the first flow channel 122 is smaller than the diameter of the first flow channel 122 in the first spatial region 100A, and the diameter of the second flow channel 132 is the second diameter.
- the flow rate of the first fluid is The flow rate of the second fluid is less than the flow rate of the first fluid flowing through the first flow path 122, and the flow rate of the second fluid flowing through the second flow path 132 of the second spatial region 100B is less than that of the first spatial region 100A. It is greater than the flow rate of the first fluid flowing through the second flow path 132 . Therefore, in the second spatial region 100B, the volume of the second fluid flowing through the second flow path 132 per unit time is higher than the volume of the first fluid flowing through the first flow path 122 per unit time.
- the structure 100 of the present embodiment provides the first flow channel 122 and the second flow channel 132 with spatial regions having different diameter ratios. The heat exchange efficiency between the respective flowing first and second fluids can be distributed differently.
- the first and second channels 122 and 132 extending in the x-, y-, and z-axis directions are one first channel 122 and one second channel 122 adjacent to each other.
- the flow path width occupied by the pair of flow paths 122, 132 is constant regardless of the flow path diameter ratio of the first and second flow paths 122, 132. . That is, even in the first spatial region 100A where the channel diameter ratio is the first ratio, or in the second spatial region 100B where the channel diameter ratio is the second ratio, the channel diameter ratio changes.
- the channel width occupied by the pair of channels 122 and 132 adjacent to each other is constant.
- the first flow path 122 extending along a certain direction and the second flow path 132 adjacent to the first flow path 122 across the partition structure 110 and extending along the direction are
- the sum of the channel diameter of the first channel 122 and the channel diameter of the second channel 132 is formed so as to be constant along the direction.
- This is illustrated in each figure showing a cross-section of each channel.
- the above configuration is merely an example, and the channel widths occupied by the pair of channels 122 and 132 adjacent to each other in the structure 100 of the present embodiment may not necessarily be constant.
- the partition structure 110 may be formed so that the size of the unit changes stepwise over part or the entirety thereof.
- the ratio of the channel diameters of the first and second channels 122 and 132 may be changed as described above.
- the structure 100 of this embodiment can be used as an element part of a heat exchanger.
- the heat possessed by one fluid is transferred to the other fluid by conducting through the walls of the partition structure 110 separating the flow passage spaces 120 and 130 .
- liquid water or oil such as ether oil, ester oil, etc.
- room temperature air flows through the second flow path.
- structure 100 When the air flows through the space 130 , the air passing through the second flow path space 130 is cooled by the liquid flowing through the first flow path space 120 and flows out of the structure 100 as cool air.
- structure 100 functions as part of a cooler or cooler.
- a liquid heated to a higher temperature than room temperature is flowed into the first flow path space 120 as the first fluid, and air at room temperature is flowed into the second flow path space 130, the liquid passes through the second flow path space 130.
- the air is warmed by the liquid flowing through the first flow path space 120 and flows out of the structure 100 as warm air.
- the structure 100 functions as part of a heater or air warmer.
- the types and temperatures of the above-described fluids used as the first and second fluids are arbitrary, and are not limited to the above examples.
- the channel diameter of the second channel 132 is larger than the channel diameter of the first channel 122 in the second spatial region 100B.
- a higher flow rate of air can flow through the second flow path 132 compared to the area. Therefore, when the structure 100 is used, for example, as a cooling fan or a hot fan as described above, a larger air volume can be provided in the second spatial region 100B closer to the center.
- the channel diameter of the first channel 122 is smaller than the channel diameter of the second channel 132.
- the flow rate of air flowing through channel 122 of No. 1 is small.
- the volume of each fluid flowing through each flow path 122, 132 per unit time is It differs depending on the ratio of the channel diameters of the channels 122 and 132 .
- the amount of thermal energy carried or absorbed by each fluid is also proportional to the volume of each fluid.
- the high-temperature or low-temperature thermal energy stored in the first fluid is also transferred to the second spatial region 100B. is absorbed more by the second fluid flowing through the second flow path 132 of . That is, in the second spatial region 100B of the structure 100, the thermal energy of the first fluid flowing through the first flow path 122 having a relatively small flow path diameter is transferred to the second flow path 132 having a relatively large flow path diameter. More can be transmitted to the flowing second fluid. As a result, the first fluid passing through the first flow passages 122 of the second spatial region 100B is more likely to pass through the second flow passages 132 than the first fluid passing through the first flow passages 122 of the other spatial regions.
- the thermal energy stored in the second fluid flowing through the second flow path 132 is more reliably transmitted to the first fluid flowing through the first flow path 122. be able to.
- the diameter of the second flow path 132 is larger than the diameter of the first flow path 122 in the second spatial region 100B, so that the structure 100 shown in FIG.
- the second flow path 132 in the second spatial region 100B has a larger opening and penetrates to the opposite side of the structure 100 . Therefore, it is possible to see through the opposite side of the structure 100 through the opening 134 (see FIG. 3 etc.) of the second flow path 132 in the second spatial region 100B.
- the structure 100 when looking through the opening 134 of the second flow path 132 in the second spatial region 100B to see the opposite side of the structure 100, the structure 100 is viewed from the front and the front is obliquely viewed. The appearance of the opposite side of the structure 100 changes depending on whether it is viewed from the top or the bottom.
- the opposite side of the circular shape of the second spatial region 100B can be seen as shown in FIG. Since part of the light passing through the second flow path 132 in the second spatial region 100B is blocked by the thickness of the structure 100 in the illustrated z-axis direction (so-called "vignetting" phenomenon), the opposite side of the structure 100 is visible. The position, extent and shape of the resulting area changes depending on the viewing angle.
- the structure 100 of the present embodiment may be used as at least a part of a window frame or wall of a house, for example.
- the first flow path space 120 is supplied with a cooled or warmed first fluid
- the second flow path space 130 is supplied with air in a direction from the outside to the inside of the house. It can be taken into the interior of the house while being cooled or warmed by the structure 100 .
- the structure 100 can be installed with the front (xy plane in the figure) facing east to capture the morning sun, and installed facing south to capture sunlight throughout a longer period of the day. is.
- the second flow path 132 in the second space area 100B it is possible to hear external sounds from inside the house, and to have conversations between the inside and outside of the house. In particular, it is possible to have a direct conversation through the structure 100 without opening the door or window, especially when a visitor or the like comes.
- the same fluid may flow through them.
- the air may flow through the first channel space 120 in the direction of discharging from the inside of the house to the outside, and the air may flow through the second channel space 130 in the direction of flowing in from the outside of the house.
- the structure 100 functions as an elemental part of a heat exchange type ventilator. For example, when the outside air is cold and the air inside the house is warm, the outside air taken into the house from the outside through the second flow path space 130 of the structure 100 passes through the first flow path space. It is warmed by air flowing through 120 and exiting the house.
- the air that flows through the first flow path space 120 and is discharged from the house is cooled by the outside air taken into the house from the outside through the second flow path space 130 .
- the outside air temperature and indoor air temperature are opposite to the above, the warming/cooling of the respective air will also be opposite to the above.
- ventilation is performed while reusing the thermal energy of heat or cold stored in the indoor air discharged during ventilation. It can be performed. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the energy consumed for cooling and heating indoor air.
- FIG. 11 is a front view showing a modified example of a structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the structure 200 includes most of the lower right region in the xy plane shown on the front side and a partial upper left region in the xy plane shown on the front side. has a first spatial region 200A.
- the structural body 200 also has a second spatial region 200B that obliquely extends from the lower left side to the upper right direction in the upper left region in the xy plane in the figure on the front side.
- the structure 200 has third spatial regions 200C in two regions between the first spatial region 200A and the second spatial region 200B.
- the configuration of the channels is similar to their configuration in structure 100 described above.
- each sealing portion in the structural body 200 of this modified example has the same configuration as those in the structural body 100 described above.
- the diameter of the second flow channel is relatively large in the second spatial region 200B having a shape extending obliquely from the lower left side to the upper right direction in the upper left region in the xy plane. , and various advantages such as those described above with reference to structure 100 can be exploited in that area.
- the structures 100 and 200 described above show an example of having two spatial regions in which the first flow channel and the second flow channel have different flow channel diameter ratios, and a spatial region transitioning between them.
- the spatial regions that the structure of this embodiment can have are not limited to these.
- the ratio of channel diameters between the first channel and the second channel may vary throughout the structure.
- the ratio of the channel diameters of the first channel and the second channel may be configured so as to change uniformly throughout the structure, or alternatively, in certain regions of the structure, the first channel diameter ratio may vary.
- the ratio of channel diameters between the channel and the second channel may be configured to gradually decrease and gradually increase in other regions.
- the flow rate ratio of the first and second fluids respectively flowing through the first flow path and the second flow path can be set in multiple stages within the structure.
- a spatial region having a different flow path diameter ratio between the first flow path and the second flow path is provided according to the application, function, design, etc. required of the structure. , can be conveniently arranged in various shapes and sizes.
- a part or the whole of the structure of this embodiment can be formed of a resin material, a metal material, or the like, for example, using additive manufacturing technology.
- additive manufacturing technology for example, a 3D printing technology, a stereolithography technology using a photocurable resin, or the like can be used.
- additive manufacturing technology for example, a 3D printing technology, a stereolithography technology using a photocurable resin, or the like can be used.
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Abstract
Description
次に、本実施形態の構造体の変形例について説明する。図11は、本開示の一実施形態に係る構造体の一変形例を示す正面図である。
Claims (12)
- 複数の第1の流路が互いに連通して形成される第1の流路空間と、複数の第2の流路が互いに連通して形成される第2の流路空間とを互いに隔てた状態で形成する周期曲面に基づいて形成された隔壁構造を有する構造体であって、
前記構造体の少なくとも一部に、前記第1の流路の流路径と前記第2の流路の流路径との比が変遷する領域が設けられている、構造体。 - 前記第1の流路と、前記隔壁構造を隔てて前記第1の流路に隣接する前記第2の流路とは第1の方向に沿って延びており、
前記第1の流路の、前記第1の方向に直交する平面に沿った断面における流路径と、前記第2の流路の、前記平面に沿った断面における流路径との比が、前記第1の方向に沿って変遷する、請求項1に記載の構造体。 - 前記第1の方向に沿って延びる前記第1の流路と、前記隔壁構造を隔てて前記第1の流路に隣接し前記第1の方向に沿って延びる前記第2の流路とは、前記第1の流路の前記流路径と前記第2の流路の前記流路径との和が前記第1の方向に沿って一定となるように形成されている、請求項2に記載の構造体。
- 前記領域における前記第1及び第2の流路は、前記第1の流路の前記流路径と前記第2の流路の前記流路径との比が第1の比から前記第1の比とは異なる第2の比に連続的に変遷するように形成されている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 前記構造体には、前記第1の流路の流路径と前記第2の流路の流路径との比が前記第1の比である第1の領域と、前記第1の流路の流路径と前記第2の流路の流路径との比が前記第2の比である第2の領域と、前記第1の領域と前記第2の領域との間に位置する第3の領域とが少なくとも設けられており、
前記第3の領域における前記第1及び第2の流路は、前記第1の領域の前記第1及び第2の流路に接続される一方の端部から、前記第2の領域の前記第1及び第2の流路に接続される他方の端部にかけて、前記第1の流路の流路径と前記第2の流路の流路径との比が前記第1の比から前記第2の比に連続的に変遷するように形成されている、請求項4に記載の構造体。 - 前記構造体は直方体の形状を有し、前記第1の流路空間は前記構造体の1つの対向する面において前記複数の第1の流路が前記構造体の外部に開口し、前記第2の流路空間は前記構造体の前記1つの対向する面に対して直交する他の対向する面において前記複数の第2の流路が前記構造体の外部に開口するように形成されており、
前記第2の領域は、前記構造体の前記他の対向する面の一方を正面から見たときに円形に形成されており、
前記第2の領域における前記第2の比が前記第1の領域における前記第1の比よりも小さい、請求項5に記載の構造体。 - 前記周期曲面は周期極小曲面に基づいて形成されている、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 前記周期極小曲面は三重周期極小曲面である、請求項7に記載の構造体。
- 前記三重周期極小曲面は、Gyroid曲面、Schwarz・P曲面、Schwarz・D曲面、Fischer-Koch・S曲面およびLidinoid曲面のいずれか1を含む、請求項8に記載の構造体。
- 前記複数の第1及び第2の流路は3つの異なる方向に延伸しており、当該3つの異なる方向の各々の方向において、前記複数の第1の流路と前記複数の第2の流路とが交互に隣接するように配置されている、請求項8又は9に記載の構造体。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の構造体を含む熱交換器。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の構造体を含む換気装置。
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JPH05280883A (ja) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-29 | Hisaka Works Ltd | プレート式熱交換器 |
JPH08110182A (ja) * | 1993-12-17 | 1996-04-30 | Deutsche Carbone Ag | 熱交換ブロック |
US10704841B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2020-07-07 | Titan Tensor LLC | Monolithic bicontinuous labyrinth structures and methods for their manufacture |
JP2019155279A (ja) | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | 株式会社東芝 | 気液分離装置及び気液分離システム |
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