WO2022195124A1 - Zellkulturkammer und verfahren zur kultivierung von zellen und zur in vitro-herstellung von zellschichten und organmodellen - Google Patents
Zellkulturkammer und verfahren zur kultivierung von zellen und zur in vitro-herstellung von zellschichten und organmodellen Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0697—Artificial constructs associating cells of different lineages, e.g. tissue equivalents
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
- C12M35/08—Chemical, biochemical or biological means, e.g. plasma jet, co-culture
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/08—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing artificial tissue or for ex-vivo cultivation of tissue
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
- C12M25/02—Membranes; Filters
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
- C12M25/02—Membranes; Filters
- C12M25/04—Membranes; Filters in combination with well or multiwell plates, i.e. culture inserts
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2502/00—Coculture with; Conditioned medium produced by
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- C12N2513/00—3D culture
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- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/50—Proteins
- C12N2533/52—Fibronectin; Laminin
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- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/50—Proteins
- C12N2533/54—Collagen; Gelatin
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cell culture chamber for cultivating cells and for the in vitro production of cell layers and organ models as well as a method for cultivating and for improved functional maintenance, in particular of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) alone and in co-culture with liver-specific cell types.
- LSEC liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- Devices in particular cell culture chambers, are known from the prior art which allow in vitro culture and examination of cell cultures under perfusing conditions.
- the respective cell cultures can be flushed or incubated with liquids or gas and aerosol mixtures and thus conditions can be simulated that come very close to the physiological conditions in vivo.
- cell culture chambers are suitable for investigating the effects and any interactions that may occur between one or more cell cultures and a medium or more media and test substances contained in the medium (e.g. in the areas of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), absorption -, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology (ADMET) studies, substance sensitivity tests and substance safety tests).
- PK pharmacokinetics
- PD pharmacodynamics
- ADMET absorption -, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology
- Cell culture chambers are described, for example, in WO 2015/169287 A1. These consist of two channels separated by a porous membrane.
- Plastics are often used as the material for such cell culture chambers, which are biocompatible and can also be easily brought into complex shapes in terms of production technology. In particular, such materials are suitable for processing using various injection molding techniques. Examples of such plastics are polyurethane (PU), polyimide, styrene (SEBS), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC) and cyclic polyolefins (COP and COC).
- PU polyurethane
- SEBS polyimide
- PP polypropylene
- PS polystyrene
- PC polycarbonate
- COC cyclic polyolefins
- cell culture chambers are made of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and z. B. used for the culture of complex cell / organ models (z. B.
- the use of PDMS-based chips for complex cell/organ models is complex, since the PDMS, in contrast to biocompatible, injection-mouldable plastics, must be activated beforehand in order to be suitable for cell cultures at all. This is done, for example, by introducing activation solutions in connection with UV irradiation and several washing steps. These preliminary procedures are not in everyone laboratory at the end user's without any problems and harbor a certain potential for error before the start of the actual cell culture.
- the materials of the cell culture chambers should be inert in order to have as little influence as possible on the cell culture and media systems to be examined.
- the frequently used material PDMS has high binding capacities for some chemical compounds (Auner et al. , (2019): Chemical-PDMS-binding kinetics and implications for bioavailability in microfluidic devices; Lab Chip 19: 864- 874).
- Such binding capacities can have an impact on investigations carried out with cell culture chambers made of PDMS that is difficult to assess. So adsorb z. B.
- Substances with a logP greater than 1.8 and a hydrogen donor count of 0 have a high PDMS content, which makes active substance testing and the interpretation of the data obtained considerably more difficult.
- the substance propiconazole has a logP of 3.72 and a so-called hydrogen donor count of 0. It is very hydrophobic and can only be detected in PDMS chips after 24 hours with less than 30% of the initial concentration in the culture medium, since it is irreversible binds to PDMS (Auner et al. 2019).
- the invention presented here is based on the object of proposing an improved cell culture chamber and its use, by means of which the disadvantages known from the prior art are reduced.
- the task is solved with a cell culture chamber for the cultivation of cells and in vitro production of cell layers and organ models.
- the cell culture chamber according to the invention has at least two channels which are arranged one above the other and are separated from one another by a porous membrane with two side surfaces and through which flow can take place, with a cell substrate being formed in each case by the side surfaces of the membrane.
- the device is characterized in that at least the inner walls of the first and second channels are made of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PBT is a polymer used to manufacture products that are subject to high mechanical stress and/or are in repeated contact with hot media.
- Typical uses of PBT are, for example, plain bearings, valve parts, screws, parts for household appliances such as coffee machines, egg cookers, toasters or hair dryers.
- PBT is very well suited for injection molding processing. In tests, this material, which is unusual for use in cell culture chambers, showed very low binding capacities for a number of components of the media used, so that the influence of the material of the cell culture chamber on the investigations carried out in such a cell culture chamber can be advantageously reduced.
- the cell culture chamber according to the invention can be used for cultivating cell cultures and organ models and for examining them (e.g. real-time observation via optical solutions such as microscopy).
- the cell cultures/organ models can be supplied with media of a defined composition under environmental conditions that are also known and can be controlled if necessary (e.g. temperature, air pressure, flow rate and shear stress, relative orientation of the cell culture chamber, oxygen, pH value).
- the cell culture chamber can advantageously also be used for the cultivation of at least two different cell types.
- the cultivation of at least two different cell types is also referred to herein as co-culture or co-cultivation.
- Such a co-culture can provide a further approximation of the model environment to in wVo conditions.
- Such a co-culture of at least two different cell types in the cell culture chamber establishes an organ model within the meaning of the invention.
- a specific use of the cell culture chamber according to the invention consists in cultivating so-called liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and examining them if necessary.
- the LSEC can advantageously also be cultured in the cell culture chamber in co-culture with other liver cells, such as in particular hepatocytes, Kupffer cells/macrophages and/or stellate cells.
- LSEC alone and in co-culture with other liver cells, are an important test system for investigating a variety of functions and interactions of the liver as one of the central metabolic organs of the body, especially in mammals.
- the cultivation of this LSEC alone or in co-culture with other liver cells is very demanding. A brief overview is given below.
- Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells are specialized hepatic endothelial cells characterized by the absence of a distinct basement membrane and the presence of small open pores called fenestrae.
- the unique permeable structure of the LSEC allows blood plasma free access to the space between the LSEC and the Disse space located in hepatocytes.
- hepatocytes can produce small molecules, e.g. B. nutrients exchange without direct contact with the blood stream.
- LSEC assume specific functions in the body, such as the so-called clearance of macromolecules, the production of coagulation factors and the adhesion of immune cells, e.g. B. liver damage.
- these are characterized by specific markers such as factor VIII, Stabilin-2, LSECtin and CD32b (see Table 1).
- LSEC are thought to be directly involved in drug-induced liver toxicity, making them interesting for more in-depth drug testing.
- the LSEC As a model system are due to the fact that the LSEC generally lose their functionality and specific markers (see Table 1) within a few hours to days after isolation. You are then, for example, no longer or only to a limited extent to check the toxicity of active substances, e.g. B. in examining the contribution of immune cells to hepatotoxicity.
- the invention proposes solutions by means of which the functionalities of LSEC alone and in co-culture with other liver-specific cell types can be maintained for considerably longer.
- the channels can be designed in such a way that in the first channel, vascular conditions of a blood vessel with the aid of LSEC can be replicated.
- the LSEC can be cultivated alone or in co-culture with other cells, in particular Kupffer cells.
- Kupffer cells the liver's resident macrophages, are localized in the hepatic sinusoid in vivo, performing a surveillance function by enabling the liver to respond to pathogens and damage.
- Kupffer cells are able to precisely regulate drug-induced inflammation or phenotypic changes, resulting in differential expression and secretion of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1ß, TNF, IL -6, IL-10). This critical regulation of the inflammatory response makes them an important component of in wfro models of liver disease, as well as in wro screening models for drug toxicity arising from inflammatory downregulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and/or drug transporters.
- pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators e.g., IL-1ß, TNF, IL -6, IL-10
- Kupffer cells/macrophages thus play an essential role in the development of side effects from substances/active ingredients.
- Kupffer cells/macrophages together with LSEC regulate the immune response. They play e.g. B. an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
- NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Kupffer cells protect the liver from drug-induced liver injury (DILI) by releasing hepatoprotective cytokines, including IL-10 and IL-6.
- DILI drug-induced liver injury
- Kupffer cells have been shown to contribute significantly to DILI by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF, IL-1ß and IL-6, which can be either protective or damaging depending on the context.
- pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1ß and IL-6
- a drug's propensity to induce DILI can only be revealed in vitro when Kupffer cells are present and targeted for one per inflammatory response.
- the cell culture chamber according to the invention offers the great advantage that Kupffer cells can be co-cultivated together with LSEC under physiological conditions. Targeted in vitro DILI tests under conditions close to the body are thus made possible.
- hepatic conditions can be simulated.
- the hepatic conditions can be generated with the help of hepatocytes, for example.
- LSEC and hepatocytes in co-culture can form an organ model of a mammalian liver.
- the hepatocytes can be cultivated alone or in co-culture with other cells, in particular stellate cells.
- Stellate cells have been described in the “quiescent” state as vitamin A stores and as antigen-presenting cells in the liver. Activation of stellate cells is the critical step in developing liver fibrosis. It goes hand in hand with the loss of Vitamin A stores and leads to transdifferentiation under the stimulation of cellular mediators, cytokines and chemokines from injured or inflammatory cells. In the initial stage of fibrogenesis, HSCs transform into proliferative and contractile myofibroblasts. These accelerate the secretion of extracellular matrix and reduce the degradation of the extracellular matrix elements, which ultimately leads to fibrogenesis. Together with the Kupffer cells, they make a significant contribution to the development of NAFLD, NASH and liver fibrosis.
- the co-culture of stellate cells using the cell culture chamber according to the invention can, for example, make it possible to study the mechanisms of fibrogenesis, in particular by testing potentially involved mediators or signaling molecules.
- the porous membrane between the first and the second channel is advantageously selected with a thickness from a range from 10 to 20 ⁇ m, in particular from a range from 10 to 13 ⁇ m.
- the membrane has a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- a membrane thickness above 20-50 pm complicates the exchange of substances and soluble factors between the vascular and hepatic chambers.
- migration of immune cells into the liver tissue is made more difficult by thick membranes and has a negative impact on the results of drug testing.
- the membrane can preferably consist of a rigid material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the membrane can also consist of a flexible material such as a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or an elastic polyurethane (TPU).
- the membrane can be designed with a thickness of 10 to 75 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the pore size of the membrane is advantageously in a range from 0.4 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m. It has been shown that pore sizes of more than 3 ⁇ m, for example 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m or 8 ⁇ m, facilitate the exchange of soluble factors and the migration of immune cells into the hepatic canal.
- the membrane can have additional surface structuring, which can be produced, for example, by laser structuring. Such a structuring can advantageously be adjusted for the manipulation of cell growth and/or for the manipulation of the flow-mechanical properties of the membrane (for example in order to establish predetermined flow profiles).
- the membrane and/or the channels can be plasma-treated with oxygen plasma, for example.
- Non-polar materials especially plastics with long polymer chains, have a very low surface energy (usually 20-40 mN/m; for comparison PDMS only 20 mN/m), which cannot be compared with the high surface tension of aqueous liquids as they normally occur in cell cultures , agrees.
- Polar materials such as PET (44 mN/m) and PBT (48 mN/m) are slightly higher.
- the surface energy of plastics consists of a disperse and a polar part. Especially that one polar part of the surface energy is very low.
- the plasma treatment significantly increases the surface energy (total up to 80-90 mN/m), especially its polar part.
- the surfaces are freed from any existing release agents and functionalized.
- treatment with oxygen plasma creates reactive oxygen species, which break polymer bonds and make them vulnerable to chemical-biological interactions or introduce additional hydroxy groups into the PBT polymer.
- the plasma treatment can be preceded by a cleaning step by incubating the cell culture chamber in isopropanol or ethanol for 10 minutes, for example.
- the actual plasma treatment of the dried chambers can take place in particular using the low-pressure plasma process.
- the (cleaned) cell culture chambers are placed in a vacuum chamber made of e.g. B. Borosilicate glass and treated with oxygen plasma at low pressure of ⁇ 100 Pa ( ⁇ 1 mbar) for up to 20 min.
- the oxygen plasma can be generated by short-wave excitation with a high-frequency generator at 13.56 MHz and up to 200 W power.
- the first and the second channel are arranged one above the other.
- Such an arrangement makes it easier, for example, to observe the cells using an inverted microscope, so that the free space required for manipulating the cell culture chamber is maintained above the cell culture chamber.
- This understanding also includes configurations of the cell culture chamber in which the first channel is arranged above the second channel at an angle of up to 60° relative to the effective direction of gravity, which can be achieved, for example, by an inclined arrangement of the membrane between the first and second channel, as well as operating positions of the cell culture chamber that are inclined by up to 60° with respect to the effective direction of gravity.
- the invention provides a model system in which, under specific, body-like culture conditions, human LSEC in particular, alone and in co-culture with other liver-specific cell types, receive both their markers and their functional properties for at least 4 days, in particular for up to 14 days stay.
- the expression of the following LSEC markers can be detected in the model system for up to 14 days: CD31, CD206, vWf, Factor VIII, LSECtin, L-SIGN, LYVE-1, Stabilin-2, VAP-1, FcRn, MHC I and MHC II.
- this advance is achieved through other optional improvements.
- At least one side surface of the membrane can be coated with a mixture containing fibronectin and/or collagen I and/or collagen IV.
- coated includes that the fibronectin and/or collagen I and/or collagen IV is/are chemically bound (covalently or non-covalently) to the membrane.
- the fibronectin is present in a concentration of 0.5 to 5 pg/ml, the collagen I in a concentration of 100 to 300 pg/ml and the collagen IV in a concentration of 100 to 300 pg/ml.
- the coating can be present on both side surfaces of the membrane. For certain uses it can be advantageous if no collagen I is present, since this is formed to an increased extent in the liver, for example in the case of fibrosis, and therefore does not represent a typical physiological state.
- dextran chains may be coupled to at least one of the side surfaces of the membrane, to which fibronectin peptides or RGD peptides or vitronectin peptides or bone sialoprotein peptides with an RGD sequence (arginine-glycine -aspartic acid) are bound.
- RGD sequence serves in particular to mediate cell adhesion.
- heparin chains are coupled to at least one of the side surfaces of the membrane, to which fibronectin peptides or FGF peptides with an RGD sequence or RGD peptides alone or vitronectin peptides with an RGD sequence or bone sialoprotein Peptides with RGD sequence are bound.
- FGF peptides are fibroblast growth factor peptides.
- the LSEC can show the following markers in the model system for up to 14 days: CD32b, CD31, vWf, Factor VIII, LSECtin, L-SIGN, Stabilin-2, VAP-1, LYVE-1, FcRn , MHC I and MHC II.
- the cell culture chamber according to the invention can be used in a method for cultivating human or animal cells, such as mouse, rat, pig or dog cells, etc.
- a culture medium is conveyed permanently or temporarily through at least one of the channels.
- the cells are preferably cultivated on an apical side of the membrane.
- apical means that the cell culture is bathed by the culture medium on the side facing the membrane. In particular, this is the upward direction, i.e. against the force of gravity side surface of the membrane. Apically cultivated cells grow on the side of the membrane that is washed by the culture medium.
- the culture medium can also be brought into contact with the cell culture basolaterally.
- a basolateral contact with apically cultivated cells is therefore present when there is contact via the porous membrane.
- the cell culture chamber according to the invention can particularly preferably be used in a method for the cultivation of LSEC.
- the LSEC can be cultivated alone or in co-culture with other liver-specific cell types; a co-culture with other liver-specific cell types is referred to herein as a liver model.
- a vascular culture medium (LSEC medium; ECM) that is preferably located apically in the first channel.
- ECM vascular culture medium
- This may comprise a basal endothelial cell medium such as M199 or MCDB in which 0-20% human serum and/or 0-20% FCS (fetal calf serum), 0-10 ng/ml HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), 0-10 ng/ml EGF (epidermal growth factor), 0-10 ng/ml bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), 0-20 ng/ml IGF-I, 0-5 ng/ml VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) , 0-50 mM hydrocortisone, 0-5 mM ascorbic acid and/or 0-4% ITS (insulin/transferrin/selenium) and heparin (0-5U/ml).
- a basal endothelial cell medium such as M199 or MCDB
- a hepatic basal medium preferably basolaterally adjacent to the second channel, such as Williams E medium, can be used in which 0-20% FCS (fetal calf serum) and/or 0- 20% human serum, 0-5 mM -glutamine or glutamax, 0-10 pg/ml insulin, 0-4% MCB, 0-5 pM dexamethasone, 0-50 pM hydrocortisone and 0-5% DMSO are included.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- the hepatic culture medium can be seeded with hepatocytes and/or stellate cells.
- the culture medium can advantageously be produced free of additives of animal origin. Of course, it is equivalent and also possible to proceed in reverse and to apply the vascular culture medium to the second channel for the culture of the LSEC and the hepatic basal medium in the first channel.
- an LSEC cell culture can be extended if it is cultivated in co-culture with other cells (again both apically and basolaterally).
- co-cultivated cells such as hepatocytes, stellate cells and immune cells such.
- B. Kupffer cells / macrophages compared to cell cultures without co-culture advantageous for the preservation of functionalities. It is advantageous here if the cells used to construct the liver model have the identical HLA (human leukocyte antigen) status.
- the shear rate or flow rate of the culture medium in at least one of the channels is advantageously selected in such a way that it is comparable to the shear rates occurring in the body.
- vascular conditions of a blood vessel
- hepatic conditions can be simulated. This is achieved, for example, by passing through the first channel an apical culture medium with a shear rate applied to the liver sinusoid selected from a range of >0.2 to 1 dyne/cm 2 , preferably between 0.5 and 0.8 dyne/cm 2 and through conveying a basolateral culture medium through the second channel at a shear rate selected from a range from greater than zero to 0.2 dynes/cm 2 .
- the shear rate in the first channel is particularly preferably set to about 0.7 dyn/cm 2 , which corresponds to the physiological vascular conditions in the liver.
- the shear rate set in the second channel largely avoids unwanted deposition of z. B. transmigrated immune cells in the direction of gravity away from the membrane and the accumulation of metabolic waste products of the hepatocytes.
- the dimensions of the channels can be adapted in this regard and can therefore be different.
- the second channel can have a smaller width and/or a greater height than the first channel.
- the oxygen content in the culture medium is advantageously adjusted to a value of 15% at the channel inlet and 3 to 5% at the channel outlet.
- the cell culture chamber according to the invention can be used in other applications, for example for cultivating intestinal cells, lung cells and/or alveoli cells and in v/yro production of cell layers or organ models of these cell types.
- the membrane can be coated with proteins from the extracellular matrix in a preceding step and colonized apically with LSEC, preferably in co-culture with Kupffer cells.
- the membrane can alternatively or additionally be populated with hepatocytes, advantageously in co-culture with stellate cells.
- immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, neutrophils can be added to the apical culture medium or culture media and flushed into the cell culture chamber. This makes it possible to perfuse defined immune cell populations via the apical side and to examine the influence of these immune cells on the liver model.
- the term "flush” includes that flushed Cells can circulate through the vascular chamber and adhere to surfaces, ie, colonize on the endothelial cell layer or membrane, particularly on or near LSEC cells.
- the membrane can be coated with proteins of the extracellular matrix in a preceding step and colonized preferably apically with intestinal endothelial cells, preferably in co-culture with immune cells.
- the membrane can alternatively or additionally be populated with intestinal epithelial cells and/or smooth muscle cells and/or immune cells.
- immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, neutrophils can be added to the culture medium or media.
- the gut models can be cultivated apically and basolaterally with shear rates of 0-3 dyn/cm 2 .
- microorganisms e.g. parts of the microbiome
- the membrane can be coated with proteins of the extracellular matrix in a preceding step and preferably apically populated with pulmonary epithelial cells (e.g. small airway epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells), preferably in co-culture with immune cells.
- pulmonary epithelial cells e.g. small airway epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells
- the membrane can be populated with pulmonary endothelial cells as well as in an apical/basolateral reversed arrangement.
- immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, neutrophils can be added to the culture medium or media.
- the lung models can be cultivated apically and basolaterally with shear rates of 0-2 dyn/cm 2 .
- the epithelial cells can be cultivated without medium in order to form an air-liquid interphase, as in the body.
- the cultivated cells, cell layers or organ models can be mixed with active substances or molecules or microorganisms by flushing them into the cell culture chamber .
- one or more active substances to be examined can be added to the culture medium or another liquid carrier medium in the desired doses apically or basolaterally and the cell culture can be perfused with it.
- properties of the culture medium emerging from the respective channel can be recorded as measured values.
- a great advantage of the invention is the possibility of simulating different conditions in the channels.
- the conditions of a blood vessel can be simulated in one of the two channels, which can be referred to as vascular conditions. In relation to the membrane, this channel can be called the vascular side.
- the conditions in liver tissue can be simulated, which can be referred to as hepatic conditions or, in relation to the membrane, as the hepatic side.
- the culture medium On the hepatic side, which is given in particular by the lower channel, the culture medium generates a shear rate that is small but sufficiently high, which considerably reduces unwanted settling of cells away from the membrane. Due to their material properties, the channels of the cell culture chamber according to the invention also have a low adsorption of compounds contained in a culture medium. Advantageously, this has little influence on the results of experiments.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a cell culture chamber according to the invention with two channels and a membrane populated in co-culture;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a second exemplary embodiment of a cell culture chamber according to the invention with four channels in an exploded illustration
- 3a shows a graphical representation of the results of an experiment on the adsorption effect of PBT in two cell culture chambers according to the invention
- 3b shows a graphical representation of the results of a further test on the adsorption effect of PBT in two cell culture chambers according to the invention
- LDH lactate dehydrogenase
- 5 shows a graphical representation of the results of an experiment on the release of ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) over a period of 10 or 14 days in comparison with a cell culture chamber according to the invention and the conditions of cell lysis
- 6 shows a graphical representation of the results of an experiment to detect the synthesis and release of albumin over a period of 10 and 14 days, respectively, in comparison with a cell culture chamber according to the invention and the conditions of cell lysis
- FIG. 7 shows a graphical representation of the results of an experiment to detect the synthesis and release of urea over a period of 10 and 14 days, respectively, in comparison with a cell culture chamber according to the invention and the conditions of cell lysis;
- FIG. 8 shows a graphical representation of the results of an experiment to detect interleukin-1 beta over a period of 10 or 14 days in comparison with a cultivation in a cell culture chamber according to the invention and with the addition of LPS;
- FIG. 10 shows a graphical representation of the results of an experiment to detect interleukin-6 over a period of 10 or 14 days in comparison with a cultivation in a cell culture chamber according to the invention and with the addition of LPS.
- a cell culture chamber 1 according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1 comprises a housing 2 which consists of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) at least in the areas of a first channel 3 and a second channel 4 .
- Each of the channels 3, 4 has an inlet 5 and an outlet 6, which are used for the inflow or the discharge of a culture medium 7 into or out of the respective channels 3, 4.
- the first channel 3 and the second channel 4 are separated from each other by a porous membrane 8 .
- a cell culture 9 for example from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, is located on a side surface of the membrane 8 facing the first channel 3, which is referred to as the apical side 8.1 of the membrane.
- an optionally present co-culture 10 containing hepatocytes is settled.
- the membrane 8 is 12 ⁇ m thick, for example, and consists of PET.
- the channels 3, 4 each have a width B, a height H transversely thereto and a depth (not designated) perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
- vascular conditions for example of a blood vessel, are simulated in the first channel 3 arranged at the top relative to the effect of gravity, while hepatic conditions are simulated in the second channel 4 .
- the shear rate in the model is adjusted for the vascular side and the hepatic side by passing through the first channel 3 an apical culture medium 7a with a shear rate of 0.7 dyn/cm 2 and through the second channel 4 a basolateral culture medium 7b with a shear rate of >0 to 0.2 dynes/cm 2 is promoted.
- the coating of the membrane 8 consists of a mixture of fibronectin/collagen I and collagen IV (fibronectin 5 ⁇ g/ml, collagen I 0.3 mg/ml, collagen IV 100 ⁇ g/ml).
- the cell cultures 9, 10 are cultivated in cell-type and species-specific media with specific formulations.
- the apical culture medium 7a of the first channel 4 (ECM) contains 10% human serum and growth factors, antioxidants and ITS in concentrations that are suitable and familiar to a person skilled in the art.
- the basolateral medium 7b of the second channel 4 contains growth factors, a collagen IV/1 mixture and ITS in suitable concentrations familiar to a person skilled in the art.
- the addition of specific media from the basolateral side can be replaced in the second channel 4 by cultivating hepatocytes and, if necessary, stellate cells in cell-specific medium 7b.
- macrophages on the apical side (first channel 3) have a positive influence on the properties/functionality of the cell culture 9.
- a pump unit for each channel 3, 4 for the controlled delivery of the respective culture medium 7, 7a, 7b and a controller for controlling the pump units are not shown in detail.
- various sensors e.g. for oxygen, pH value, lactate, TEER
- the sensors can be connected to the control unit in order to regulate, for example, the composition and/or the shear rate or flow rate of the respective culture medium 7, 7a, 7b as a function of the measured values recorded.
- FIG. 2 A second exemplary embodiment of a cell culture chamber 1 according to the invention with two first channels 3 and two second channels 4 (not visible) is shown in FIG. 2 in an exploded view.
- the housing 2 is formed from an upper cover 2.1, a lower cover 2.2 and a middle piece 2.3 in the form of an injection molded piece.
- the center piece 2.3 contains the formations of the channels 3 and 4, which are each separated from one another by an inserted membrane 8.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show the results of tests on the adsorption effect of PBT in two cell culture chambers 1 according to the invention of different designs.
- Designation “Chip PBT-BC1” is a first version of the cell culture chamber 1 and "Chip PBT-BC2" designates a second version.
- the first embodiment has a width B of 34.6 mm, a depth T of 6.56 mm and a height H of 0.7 mm.
- the second channel 4 has the dimensions 44.8 mm, 3.6 mm and 0.8 mm (W/D/H).
- the corresponding dimensions for the second version "Chip PBT-BC2" of the cell culture chamber 1 are 34.6 mm, 8.06 mm and 0.7 mm (W/D/H) for the first channel 3 and 49.4 mm, 5 .61 mm and 1.0 mm (W/D/H) for the second channel 4.
- the graph in FIG. 3a shows the percentage (RTC—ratio to control) of propiconazole remaining and detectable in the culture medium 7 (logP 3.72) after an incubation time of 4 hours and after 24 hours.
- a control in the form of a stock solution (100mM) with propiconazole is given for comparison.
- the graph of Figure 3b shows the percentage of troglitazone remaining in culture medium 7 (logP 3.60).
- samples were taken after 4 hours and after 24 hours of incubation, which were compared with a control in the form of a troglitazone stock solution (64 mM).
- the two graphics show that in both versions of the cell culture chamber 1 according to the invention more than 85% of the propiconazole (FIG. 3a) or more than 80% of the troglitazone (FIG. 3b) are still detected in the culture medium 7 even after 24 hours could.
- Figures 4 and 5 show the time courses of the release of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase; Fig. 4) and ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase; Fig. 5) from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells cultivated in a cell culture chamber 1 according to the invention over a period of 10 or 14 days Co-culture with macrophages and hepatocytes versus cell lysis.
- LDH and ASAT are enzymes that are released when cells are damaged and are therefore suitable for assessing the vitality of an organ or of tissues and cells. A significantly lower release of LDH or ASAT by the cultured cells compared to cell lysis can be seen even after 14 days.
- FIG. 6 the concentrations of albumin (Fig. 6) and urea (Fig. 7) of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells cultivated in a cell culture chamber 1 according to the invention over a period of 10 or 14 days in co-culture with macrophages and hepatocytes are compared shown for cell lysis.
- Albumin and urea can be viewed as an expression of existing and intact synthesis processes in liver tissue or hepatocytes. It can be seen that concentrations of more than 1300 pg/l albumin or more than 0.7 mmol/l urea can be detected both in the 10-day cultures and in the 14-day cultures even after 10 or 14 days.
- FIG. 6 the concentrations of albumin (Fig. 6) and urea (Fig. 7) of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells cultivated in a cell culture chamber 1 according to the invention over a period of 10 or 14 days in co-culture with macrophages and hepatocytes are compared shown for cell lysis.
- LPS lipopolysaccharides
- interleukin-10 IL-10; Fig. 9
- interleukin-6 IL-6; Fig. 10
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EP22716912.5A EP4308680A1 (de) | 2021-03-19 | 2022-03-18 | Zellkulturkammer und verfahren zur kultivierung von zellen und zur in vitro herstellung von zellschichten und organmodellen |
CA3212075A CA3212075A1 (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2022-03-18 | Cell culture chamber and method for culturing cells and for the in vitro production of cell layers and organ models |
JP2023555400A JP2024511944A (ja) | 2021-03-19 | 2022-03-18 | 細胞を培養するための、および細胞層と臓器モデルのin vitro作製のための細胞培養チャンバーおよび方法 |
US18/469,397 US20240010993A1 (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2023-09-18 | Cell culture chamber and method for culturing cells and for the in vitro production of cell layers and organ models |
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- 2021-03-19 DE DE102021106915.7A patent/DE102021106915A1/de active Pending
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- 2022-03-18 EP EP22716912.5A patent/EP4308680A1/de active Pending
- 2022-03-18 CA CA3212075A patent/CA3212075A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-18 WO PCT/EP2022/057258 patent/WO2022195124A1/de active Application Filing
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US20240010993A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
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