WO2022191303A1 - タンパク質分解物の製造方法、及び酵素剤 - Google Patents
タンパク質分解物の製造方法、及び酵素剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022191303A1 WO2022191303A1 PCT/JP2022/010765 JP2022010765W WO2022191303A1 WO 2022191303 A1 WO2022191303 A1 WO 2022191303A1 JP 2022010765 W JP2022010765 W JP 2022010765W WO 2022191303 A1 WO2022191303 A1 WO 2022191303A1
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- protease
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- aspergillus
- glutaminase
- peptide hydrolase
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- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/347—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of proteins from microorganisms or unicellular algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/21—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids
- A23L27/215—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids heated in the presence of reducing sugars, e.g. Maillard's non-enzymatic browning
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/88—Taste or flavour enhancing agents
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/175—Amino acids
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
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- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
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- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/52—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from bacteria or Archaea
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- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
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- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/78—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)
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- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
- C12Y305/01002—Glutaminase (3.5.1.2)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing cysteine from protein, an enzymatic agent for producing cysteine-containing protein hydrolysates, and uses thereof.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in a method for producing soybean protein using transglutaminase and protease, protease is used for the purpose of reducing viscosity increased by transglutaminase.
- amino acids and peptides are not only nutrients, but also important elements for the taste and flavor of food.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of producing a low-molecular-weight peptide by reacting two or more enzymes having only endoprotease activity on soybean protein. Methods for producing amino acids as seasonings are also being researched in order to impart taste.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for obtaining an amino acid seasoning with a high glutamic acid content by hydrolyzing a protein raw material with a thermostable protease and a thermostable glutaminase.
- cysteine is known to impart meat flavor by forming Maillard reactants. Cysteine is mainly extracted from animal-derived raw materials (hair and feathers), and it is not preferred to add it to food.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of producing cysteine by reacting glutathione with an acid protease and glutaminase, but the content of glutathione differs depending on the food, and the situations where it can be used are limited.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that free aspartic acid and free glutamic acid are increased by treating soybean protein with a glutamic acid-specific endoprotease.
- Patent Document 6 when soy protein is treated with subtilisin protease (ALCALASE) derived from Bacillus licheniformis or serine protease (SP1) derived from Nocardiopsis plastina, SP1 hydrolyzate is preferred over ALCALASE hydrolyzate. is disclosed to be less bitter.
- ACALASE subtilisin protease
- SP1 hydrolyzate is preferred over ALCALASE hydrolyzate. is disclosed to be less bitter.
- JP 2006-141231 A JP-A-5-252979 JP-A-48-82068 WO2021/002195 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-526261 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-530274
- An object of the present invention is to provide practical means for improving the richness or umami of foods.
- the present inventors conducted repeated studies with the aim of improving the richness or umami of foods using enzymes. As a result, the present inventors have found that foods with improved richness or umami can be produced by combining glutaminase, which is one of ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolases, with filamentous fungal protease and bacterial protease.
- glutaminase which is one of ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolases
- filamentous fungal protease and bacterial protease The present invention has been completed through further studies based on this finding. That is, the present invention provides inventions in the following aspects.
- a method for producing a protein hydrolyzate which comprises a step of reacting a protein material with a ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase, a filamentous fungus-derived protease, and a bacterial protease.
- a ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase is glutaminase, ⁇ -glutartransferase or ⁇ -glutamyl cyclotransferase.
- the ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase is glutaminase derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus.
- filamentous fungal protease is an Aspergillus oryzae-derived acidic protease, an Aspergillus oryzae-derived neutral protease, or an Aspergillus meleus-derived neutral protease. .
- the bacterial protease is a protease derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus or Geobacillus.
- the bacterial protease is Geobacillus stearothermophilus-derived protease.
- the protein material is a vegetable protein material.
- the protein material is peas, soybeans, broad beans, chickpeas, barley, wheat, oats, rice, buckwheat, millet, millet, hemp, algae, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, pistachios, walnuts , Brazil nuts, peanuts, coconut-derived protein material, the method according to any one of [1] to [9].
- a food comprising a protein hydrolyzate produced by the method according to any one of [1] to [11].
- An enzymatic agent for producing a protein hydrolyzate containing a ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase, a filamentous fungus-derived protease, and a bacterial protease.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of hardness evaluation in Example 2.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of free amino acid analysis in Example 2.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of free amino acid analysis in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of free amino acid analysis in Example 3.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of free amino acid analysis in Example 3.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of free amino acid analysis in Example 3.
- a method for producing a protein hydrolyzate which comprises the step of reacting a protein material with ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase, filamentous fungus-derived protease, and bacterial protease.
- the present invention further provides enzymatic agents for producing protein hydrolysates, including ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase, filamentous fungus-derived protease, and bacterial protease.
- the step of allowing the ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase, the filamentous fungus-derived protease, and the bacterial protease to act on the protein material may be carried out in a single step (that is, the step of simultaneously acting the above three types of enzymes on the protein material). Then, in a two-step or three-step process (that is, a step of acting one or two of the above three types of enzymes on the protein material, and a step of further acting another enzyme among the above three types) you can go
- ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolases include glutaminase, ⁇ -glutartransferase and ⁇ -glutamyl cyclotransferase.
- a microorganism-derived ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase can be used, and examples thereof include glutaminase, ⁇ -glutamyltransferase, and ⁇ -glutamyl cyclotransferase derived from Bacillus microorganisms. be able to.
- the ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase is preferably a glutaminase derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, more preferably a glutaminase derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (for example, glutaminase SD-C100S provided by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.). ).
- the ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase derived from microorganisms does not have to be a purified product.
- the culture medium, lysate/extract, partially purified products thereof, etc. of microorganisms that produce ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase may be used.
- can be Two or more microorganism-derived ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolases may be used in combination.
- some microorganism-derived ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolases are commercially available (for example, the above-mentioned glutaminase SD-C100S), and are readily available and available.
- an acidic protease derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Aspergillus and a neutral protease derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Aspergillus are preferred.
- acid proteases derived from Aspergillus microorganisms are Aspergillus oryzae-derived acid proteases (for example, Protease M “Amano” SD and Protease HF “Amano” 150SD provided by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.).
- Aspergillus microorganism-derived neutral protease examples include Aspergillus oryzae-derived neutral protease and Aspergillus melleus-derived neutral protease.
- Aspergillus oryzae-derived neutral protease PR-AX, product name: Proteax
- Aspergillus oryzae-derived neutral protease PR-ASD, product name: Protease A “Amano” SD
- Aspergillus oryzae They are Aspergillus melleus-derived neutral protease (PR-P6SD, product name is Protease P "Amano" 6SD) and Aspergillus oryzae-derived neutral protease (PR-AN100SD).
- the filamentous fungus-derived protease does not have to be a purified product.
- the culture solution, lysate/extract, or partially purified product of a microorganism that produces the filamentous fungus-derived protease may be used.
- Two or more filamentous fungus-derived proteases may be used in combination.
- Some proteases derived from filamentous fungi are commercially available (for example, the above Protease M "Amano" SD, Protease HF "Amano" 150S, Proteax, Protease A "Amano” SD, Protease P “Amano” 6SD). , PR-AN100SD) are readily available and available.
- the bacterial protease is preferably derived from a Bacillus or Geobacillus microorganism-derived protease, more preferably Geobacillus stearothermophilus-derived protease.
- Samoase PC10F provided by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd. can be mentioned as an example of the bacterial protease.
- the bacterial protease does not have to be a purified product.
- the culture solution, lysate/extract, or partially purified products of microorganisms that produce bacterial proteases may be used.
- Two or more bacterial proteases may be used in combination. Note that several bacterial proteases are commercially available (eg Samoase PC10F, above) and are readily available and available.
- the enzymatic preparation of the present invention containing ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase, filamentous fungus-derived protease, and bacterial protease contains active ingredients (three types of enzymes mentioned above), excipients, buffers, suspending agents, and stabilizers. , preservatives, preservatives, physiological saline, and the like.
- active ingredients three types of enzymes mentioned above
- excipients include lactose, sorbitol, D-mannitol, maltodextrin, and sucrose.
- Phosphate, citrate, acetate and the like can be used as buffers.
- Propylene glycol, ascorbic acid and the like can be used as stabilizers.
- Preservatives that can be used include phenol, benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, methylparaben, and the like.
- As antiseptics benzalkonium chloride, paraoxybenzoic acid, chlorobutanol and the like can be used.
- the content of the active ingredients (three types of enzymes mentioned above) in the present enzymatic preparation is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate.
- the enzymatic agent of the present invention is usually solid (for example, granules, powders, immobilized enzymes obtained by immobilizing the enzyme on the surface or inside of a material such as silica or porous polymer) or liquid. provided.
- Conditions for allowing the ⁇ -glutamyl peptide hydrolase, filamentous fungus-derived protease, and bacterial protease to act on the protein material are, for example, a reaction temperature of 15°C to 70°C, preferably 30°C to 65°C, more preferably 40°C to 60°C. be.
- the reaction time and the amount of enzyme are not particularly limited as long as the expected action is exhibited. Examples of reaction time include 5 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 12 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 6 hours.
- the concentration of each of the three enzymes in the reaction solution is, for example, 0.001% (W/W) to 10% (W/W), preferably 0.01% (W/W) to The amount can be set to 2% (W/W).
- the protein material is preferably an animal protein material, a vegetable protein material or a microbial protein material, more preferably a vegetable protein material.
- proteinaceous materials include peas, soybeans, broad beans, chickpeas, barley, wheat, oats, rice, buckwheat, millet, millet, hemp, algae, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, pistachios, Walnuts, brazil nuts, peanuts, coconut derived protein materials may be mentioned.
- a protein hydrolyzate containing a large amount of cysteine capable of forming a Maillard reaction (cysteine-containing protein hydrolyzate) can be produced.
- Cysteine capable of forming a Maillard reaction includes peptides having a cysteine residue capable of Maillard reaction, in addition to cysteine in the free amino acid state. Cysteine in the free amino acid state is preferred.
- Example 1 The following experiments were conducted with the aim of establishing a method for efficiently producing cysteine from proteins.
- Absorbance at 412 nm was measured immediately after completion of the reaction.
- the amount of cysteine residues in the supernatant was calculated from a standard curve prepared using a 10 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M cysteine solution (1 mM EDTA) instead of the supernatant.
- 2 mL of the supernatant was neutralized to pH 7 with hydrochloric acid, 1 mL of 20% glucose was added, and the Maillard reaction was performed by boiling for 30 minutes. confirmed. Specifically, changes in taste were confirmed by sensory evaluation by panelists.
- Example 2 105 g (1.5 times the amount) of water was added to 70 g of soy meat (soy TVP (textured vegetable protein) (soybean meat minced type, Marukome Co., Ltd.) and allowed to stand for 10 minutes. Metolose was added to the above mixture. 8.7 g of sunflower oil, 48.5 g of sunflower oil, and 26.7 g of Sunrubber 10 (soybean protein powder) were uniformly mixed.To 25 g of the above mixture, 1% of the enzyme solution shown in Table 2 below (based on soybean TVP) was added. ) was added and reacted for 1 hour at 50° C. After the reaction, 6 mL of water was added and molded, and then baked (in an oven at 110° C. for 10 minutes).Sensory evaluation (umami) of the baked product The results of the sensory evaluation are shown in Table 3. The larger the number, the greater the improvement, with 1 being no change and 4 being greatly improved. indicates that
- the hardness of the obtained fired product was evaluated under the following conditions.
- Equipment used Rheometer (COMPAC-100II) Pushing speed: 60mm/min Table moving distance: 7mm (Measure the firmness 7mm after touching the meat)
- the results of hardness evaluation are shown in FIG.
- the unit of the vertical axis in FIG. 1 is N (Newton).
- Free amino acids in the obtained baked product were analyzed as follows. 1 mL of distilled water was added to 1 g of a sample of the baked product, mixed and centrifuged. The supernatant and ethanol were mixed at a ratio of 1:1 (supernatant: ethanol) (protein removal). The mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was recovered, diluted 12.5 times with water, filtered through a microfiltration membrane (MF) and subjected to HPLC analysis. The conditions for HPLC analysis are as follows. The analysis results of free amino acids are shown in FIG.
- Example 3 To a 10% (w/v) vegetable protein solution (peas: pea protein (Usuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), soybeans: Sunrubber 10 (Fuji Oil)), 4% of the enzyme was added to the weight of the vegetable protein (2 % filamentous protease + 1% bacterial protease + 1% glutaminase). The mixture was reacted at 50° C. for 2 hours at 400 rpm. The reaction was boiled for 10 minutes, centrifuged and the supernatant collected. The obtained sample supernatant was subjected to sensory evaluation and free amino acid analysis.
- peas pea protein (Usuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
- soybeans Sunrubber 10 (Fuji Oil)
- 4% of the enzyme was added to the weight of the vegetable protein (2 % filamentous protease + 1% bacterial protease + 1% glutaminase). The mixture was reacted at 50° C. for 2 hours at 400 rpm. The reaction was
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Abstract
Description
[2]前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がグルタミナーゼ、γ-グルタルトランスフェラーゼ又はγ-グルタミルシクロトランスフェラーゼである、[1]に記載の方法。
[3]前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がバチルス属微生物由来グルタミナーゼである、[1]又は[2]に記載の方法。
[4]前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がバチルス・アミロリケファシエンス由来グルタミナーゼである、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[5]前記糸状菌プロテアーゼがアスペルギルス属微生物由来酸性プロテアーゼ又はアスペルギルス属微生物由来中性プロテアーゼである、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[6]前記糸状菌プロテアーゼがアスペルギルス・オリゼ由来酸性プロテアーゼ、アスペルギルス・オリゼ由来中性プロテアーゼ、又はアスペルギルス・メレウス由来中性プロテアーゼである、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[7]前記細菌プロテアーゼがバチルス属又はジオバチルス属微生物由来プロテアーゼである、[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[8]前記細菌プロテアーゼがジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス由来プロテアーゼである、[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[9]前記タンパク質材料が動物性タンパク質材料、植物性タンパク質材料又は微生物性タンパク質材料である、[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[10]前記タンパク質材料が植物性タンパク質材料である、[1]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[11]前記タンパク質材料がエンドウ豆、大豆、そら豆、ひよこ豆、大麦、小麦、オーツ麦、米、そば、ひえ、あわ、ヘンプ、藻類、アーモンド、カシューナッツ、ヘーゼルナッツ、ペカンナッツ、マカダミアナッツ、ピスタチオ、クルミ、ブラジルナッツ、ピーナッツ、ココナッツ由来タンパク質材料である、[1]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[12][1]~[11]のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造されるタンパク質分解物を含む、食品。
[13]γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素、糸状菌由来プロテアーゼ及び細菌プロテアーゼを含む、タンパク質分解物の製造のための酵素剤。
[14]前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がグルタミナーゼ、γ-グルタルトランスフェラーゼ又はγ-グルタミルシクロトランスフェラーゼである、[13]に記載の酵素剤。
[15]前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がバチルス属微生物由来グルタミナーゼである、[13]又は[14]に記載の酵素剤。
[16]前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がバチルス・アミロリケファシエンス由来グルタミナーゼである、[13]~[15]のいずれか一項に記載の酵素剤。
[17]前記糸状菌プロテアーゼがアスペルギルス属微生物由来酸性プロテアーゼ又はアスペルギルス属微生物由来中性プロテアーゼである、[13]~[16]のいずれか一項に記載の酵素剤。
[18]前記糸状菌プロテアーゼがアスペルギルス・オリゼ由来酸性プロテアーゼ、アスペルギルス・オリゼ由来中性プロテアーゼ、又はアスペルギルス・メレウス由来中性プロテアーゼである、[13]~[17]のいずれか一項に記載の酵素剤。
[19]前記細菌プロテアーゼがバチルス属又はジオバチルス属微生物由来プロテアーゼである、[13]~[18]のいずれか一項に記載の酵素剤。
[20]前記細菌プロテアーゼがジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス由来プロテアーゼである、[13]~[19]のいずれか一項に記載の酵素剤。
本発明によればさらに、γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素、糸状菌由来プロテアーゼ及び細菌プロテアーゼを含む、タンパク質分解物の製造のための酵素剤が提供される。
γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素としては、微生物由来のγ-グルタミルペプチド分解酵素を使用することができ、その例としては、バチルス属微生物由来のグルタミナーゼ、γ-グルタミルトランスフェラーゼ、γ-グルタミルシクロトランスフェラーゼを挙げることができる。
γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素は、好ましくは、バチルス属微生物由来グルタミナーゼであり、さらに好ましくは、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンス(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)由来グルタミナーゼ(例えば、天野エンザイム株式会社が提供するグルタミナーゼSD-C100S)である。
本発明の酵素剤は通常、固体状(例えば、顆粒、粉体、シリカや多孔質ポリマー等の表面又は内部に酵素を固定させうる素材に当該酵素を固定化した固定化酵素)又は液体状で提供される。
反応時間及び酵素量は、期待される作用が発揮される限り特に限定されない。反応時間の例として5分~48時間、好ましくは10分~12時間、更に好ましくは15分~6時間を挙げることができる。酵素量については、反応液中の3種類の酵素のうちのそれぞれの酵素の濃度が、例えば0.001%(W/W)~10%(W/W)、好ましくは0.01%(W/W)~2%(W/W)となる量とすることができる。
本発明によればさらに、本発明によるシステイン含有タンパク質分解物の製造方法により製造されるシステイン含有タンパク質分解物を含む、食品が提供される。
タンパク質からシステインを効率的に生成する方法の確立を目指して以下の実験を行った。
(1)方法
12gの各種タンパク質材料を水に懸濁してタンパク質溶液(15%(W/W)、pH5)を調製した。1.4gの糸状菌プロテアーゼ(プロテアーゼHF「アマノ」150SD、天野エンザイム株式会社)と0.7gのグルタミナーゼ(グルタミナーゼSD-C100S、天野エンザイム株式会社)、0.7gの細菌プロテアーゼ(サモアーゼPC10F、天野エンザイム株式会社)を水20mLに溶解して酵素溶液を調製した。50℃のタンパク質溶液30mLに酵素溶液を1mL添加後、混合して、50℃で2時間処理した。処理液を遠心分離後、上清を回収した。上清に含まれるシステインのチオール基をDTNB試薬を用いて定量した。0.1Mトリス緩衝液(1mM EDTA、pH7.05)2.6mLに25mM DTNB溶液(50mM酢酸アンモニウム、1mM EDTA、pH5.0)0.2mLと適当な濃度に希釈した上清0.2mLを加えて混合後、反応が完了するまで10~15分待った。反応完了後、すぐに412nmの吸光度を測定した。上清の代わりに10μM~50μMのシステイン溶液(1mM EDTA)を用いて作成した検量線から上清中のシステイン残基の量を算出した。また、呈味性変化を確認するために、上清を塩酸でpH7に中和したものを2mL取り、20%グルコースを1mL添加して、30分煮沸することでメイラード反応させたもののコク味を確認した。具体的には、パネラーによる官能評価によって呈味性の変化を確認した。
酵素処理によって全てのタンパク質材料において、システインの遊離を確認できた。また、ヘンプタンパク質以外ではメイラード反応物において、肉風味の重要な要素であるコク味の向上も確認できた。ヘンプタンパク質に関しては、ヘンプ特有の風味が強すぎてコク味の変化を確認することが出来なかった。
大豆ミート(大豆TVP(Textured Vegetable Protein)(ダイズラボ 大豆のお肉 ミンチタイプ、マルコメ社)70gに、105g(1.5倍量)の水を添加し、10分間静置した。上記混合物に、Metolose 8.7g、ひまわり油48.5g、及びサンラバー10(大豆タンパク粉)26.7gを均一になるように混合した。上記混合物25gに、下記の表2に示す酵素液1%(大豆TVPに対して)を添加し、50℃において1時間反応させた。反応後、水を6mL添加して成型した後、焼成(オーブンで110℃、10分)した。得られた焼成物について官能評価(旨味と香りの5段階評価)を行った。官能評価の結果を表3に示す。酵素なしを基準として数字が大きいほど向上していることを示しており、1は変化なし、4は大きく向上していることを示す。
使用機器:レオメーター(COMPAC-100II)
押し込み速度:60mm/min
台の移動距離:7mm
(肉に触れてから7mmの位置の固さを測定する)
固さの評価の結果を図1に示す。図1の縦軸の単位は、N(ニュートン)である。
焼成物のサンプル1gに蒸留水1mLを添加し、混合し、遠心分離した。上清とエタノールとを、上清:エタノール=1:1で混合した(タンパク質の除去)。混合物を遠心分離し、上清を回収し、水で12.5倍に希釈し、精密ろ過膜(MF)でろ過し、HPLC分析を行った。HPLC分析の条件は以下の通りである。遊離アミノ酸の分析結果を図2に示す。
A buffer: 20mM Na2HPO4・H3PO4 pH8.2
B buffer:メタノール:アセトニトリル :水= 45:45:10
カラム:HPH-C18 2.7 μm 3.0×100 mm (Poroshell)
流量:0.65 mL/min
0-0.35 min : A:96%, B:4%
0.35-13.4 min : A:43%, B:57%
13.4-13.5 min : A:0%, B:100%
13.5-15.7 min : A:0%, B:100%
15.7-15.8 min : A:96%, B:4%
15.8-18 min : A:96%, B:4%
10%(w/v)植物性タンパク質溶液(エンドウ:pea protein(うすき製薬)、大豆:サンラバー10(不二製油))に対して、植物タンパク質重量に対して4%の酵素を添加した(2%糸状菌プロテアーゼ+1%細菌プロテアーゼ+1%グルタミナーゼ)。混合物を50℃で2時間、400rpmで処理して反応させた。反応物を10分間煮沸し、遠心分離し、上清を回収した。得られたサンプル上清について、官能評価及び遊離アミノ酸分析を行った。
サンプル上清4mLを採取し、20%グルコースを2mL添加した。得られた混合物を煮沸水に入れ、30分間処理し、官能評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。酵素なしを基準として数字が大きいほど向上していることを示しており、1は変化なし、5は大きく向上していることを示す 。
サンプル上清とエタノールとを、サンプル上清:エタノール=1:1で混合した(タンパク質の除去)。混合物を遠心分離し、上清を回収し、水で12.5倍に希釈し、精密ろ過膜(MF)でろ過し、HPLC分析(アミノ酸分析)を実施例2と同様の条件で行った。遊離アミノ酸の分析結果を図3~図6に示す。
Claims (16)
- タンパク質材料にγ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素、糸状菌由来プロテアーゼ及び細菌プロテアーゼを作用させる工程を含む、システイン含有タンパク質分解物の製造方法。
- 前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がグルタミナーゼ、γ-グルタルトランスフェラーゼ又はγ-グルタミルシクロトランスフェラーゼである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がバチルス属微生物由来グルタミナーゼである、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がバチルス・アミロリケファシエンス由来グルタミナーゼである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記糸状菌プロテアーゼがアスペルギルス属微生物由来酸性プロテアーゼ又はアスペルギルス属微生物由来中性プロテアーゼである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記糸状菌プロテアーゼがアスペルギルス・オリゼ由来酸性プロテアーゼ、アスペルギルス・オリゼ由来中性プロテアーゼ、又はアスペルギルス・メレウス由来中性プロテアーゼである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記タンパク質材料が動物性タンパク質材料、植物性タンパク質材料又は微生物性タンパク質材料である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記タンパク質材料が植物性タンパク質材料である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記タンパク質材料がエンドウ豆、大豆、そら豆、ひよこ豆、大麦、小麦、オーツ麦、米、そば、ひえ、あわ、ヘンプ、藻類、アーモンド、カシューナッツ、ヘーゼルナッツ、ペカンナッツ、マカダミアナッツ、ピスタチオ、クルミ、ブラジルナッツ、ピーナッツ、ココナッツ由来タンパク質材料である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造されるシステイン含有タンパク質分解物を含む、食品。
- γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素、糸状菌由来プロテアーゼ及び細菌プロテアーゼを含む、システイン含有タンパク質分解物の製造のための酵素剤。
- 前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がグルタミナーゼ、γ-グルタルトランスフェラーゼ又はγ-グルタミルシクロトランスフェラーゼである、請求項11に記載の酵素剤。
- 前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がバチルス属微生物由来グルタミナーゼである、請求項11又は12に記載の酵素剤。
- 前記γ-グルタミルペプチド加水分解酵素がバチルス・アミロリケファシエンス由来グルタミナーゼである、請求項11~13のいずれか一項に記載の酵素剤。
- 前記糸状菌プロテアーゼがアスペルギルス属微生物由来酸性プロテアーゼ又はアスペルギルス属微生物由来中性プロテアーゼである、請求項11~14のいずれか一項に記載の酵素剤。
- 前記糸状菌プロテアーゼがアスペルギルス・オリゼ由来酸性プロテアーゼ、アスペルギルス・オリゼ由来中性プロテアーゼ、又はアスペルギルス・メレウス由来中性プロテアーゼである、請求項11~15のいずれか一項に記載の酵素剤。
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WO2024024764A1 (ja) * | 2022-07-25 | 2024-02-01 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | 酵母エキスの製造方法 |
WO2024101326A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-05-16 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | 組織化植物性タンパク質の製造方法 |
WO2024203870A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | 加工タンパク質含有組成物の製造方法 |
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