WO2022190975A1 - 光老化細胞の検出又は定量方法、及びその応用、光老化細胞の作製方法 - Google Patents
光老化細胞の検出又は定量方法、及びその応用、光老化細胞の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention provides a method for detecting or quantifying photoaged cells, a method for selecting photoaged cells as an application thereof, a method for screening substances that suppress the growth or development of photoaged cells or a substance that reduces photoaged cells, and photoaging.
- the present invention relates to a kit for detection or quantification of cells or selection of photoaged cells, and a method for producing photoaged cells.
- SASP cellular senescence-associated secretory
- Cellular aging is roughly divided into two types: photoaging due to ultraviolet irradiation and natural aging due to aging.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method for photoaging by irradiating UVB or UVA to human skin or mouse skin transplanted to a mouse.
- Patent Document 2 also discloses contacting a mouse fibroblast culture with a test compound, exposing the fibroblast culture to UVB, UVA or sunlight-simulating radiation, and measuring human elastin promoter activity in the blast cell culture, wherein a compound that reduces the measured human elastin promoter activity compared to a control mouse fibroblast culture inhibits skin photodamage.
- a method for identifying a test compound exposing the fibroblast culture to UVB, UVA or sunlight-simulating radiation, and measuring human elastin promoter activity in the blast cell culture, wherein a compound that reduces the measured human elastin promoter activity compared to a control mouse fibroblast culture inhibits skin photodamage.
- senescence markers such as senescence-associated acid ⁇ -galactosidase (SA- ⁇ -Gal) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p16). All of these markers are intracellular markers, and there is a problem that it is not easy to sort viable cells. Furthermore, photosenescent cell-specific markers were previously unknown.
- a method for producing photoaged cells comprises: It includes the step of irradiating the cells with light having an emission peak in the wavelength range of 300-315 nm.
- the production method detects or quantifies the expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1 in the cells irradiated with light. may further include the step of The production method may further include the step of selecting photosenescent cells.
- a method for detecting or quantifying photosenescent cells comprises: It includes detecting or quantifying the expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1 in cells.
- a method for sorting photoaged cells comprises: This includes selecting cells positive for expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1.
- a screening method for a substance that suppresses the proliferation or development of photosenescent cells or a substance that reduces photosenescent cells which is one embodiment of the present disclosure, contacting the cell with at least one candidate substance; detecting or quantifying the expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1 in cells contacted with the candidate substance; A step of selecting a substance that suppresses the proliferation or development of photosenescent cells or a substance that reduces photosenescent cells from the candidate substances based on the information obtained by detecting or quantifying the expression of the gene.
- the detection or quantification of the gene is detection or quantification of the protein encoded by each gene. Since these proteins are presented on the cell surface, by detecting or quantifying the proteins on the cell surface, it is possible to sort living photosenescent cells, and the sorted cells can be used for screening. preferable.
- a kit for detecting, quantifying or selecting photosenescent cells comprises (a) a primer set capable of amplifying the cDNA of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1; (b) a probe that specifically hybridizes to the mRNA or cDNA of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1, and (c) GPR17 , CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1. At least include.
- Antibodies or antibody fragments are preferable as substances capable of specifically binding to the proteins.
- photoaged cells can be produced efficiently.
- photosenescent cells can be easily detected or quantified.
- the screening method of the present disclosure applying the detection or quantification method can efficiently select a substance that suppresses the growth or development of photosenescent cells or a substance that reduces photosenescent cells.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for producing photoaged cells used in each test example.
- FIG. 1 is a microscopic image of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) irradiated with ultraviolet rays at various doses obtained in Test Example 1.
- Test Example 3 Hoechst staining images of NHEK without ultraviolet irradiation treatment (UV(-)) or NHEK after 80 mJ/cm 2 ultraviolet irradiation treatment (UV(+)-1 and -2, the same treatment was performed) (Hoechst), anti-GPR17 antibody staining image (anti-GPR17), and their superimposed image (Merge). 4 is a microscopic image of normal human skin fibroblasts (NHDF) irradiated with ultraviolet rays at various doses in Test Example 4.
- expression of a gene includes, for example, the presence of mRNA, which is a transcription product of a gene, or the presence of a protein, which is a translation product of a gene.
- detection represents qualitative determination of the presence or absence of a substance.
- a method for producing photoaged cells comprises: It includes the step of irradiating the cells with light having an emission peak in the wavelength range of 300-315 nm.
- cell As long as the cell is a viable cell, the origin and type of the cell are not particularly limited, but non-cancerous cells are preferred. Examples of organisms from which cells are derived include vertebrates (mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, fish), invertebrates, and the like. Among them, the cells are preferably derived from mammals (for example, primates such as humans, chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and green monkeys; rodents such as mice, rats, and guinea pigs; horses; cows; sheep; goats; dogs; cats, etc.). Yes, and more preferably human. Cell types include, for example, skin cells.
- skin cells include, for example, epidermal cells such as keratinocytes, pigment cells (melanocytes), Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells; dermal cells such as fibroblasts; adipose tissue cells such as adipocytes; cells, hair matrix cells, inner root sheath cells, and hair follicle lineage cells such as outer root sheath cells.
- epidermal cells or dermal cells are preferable, and keratinocytes or fibroblasts are more preferable.
- the forms of cells to be irradiated with light include, for example, cultured cells such as primary cultured cells and cell lines; cells in a living body (organs or tissues of a living body); cells in an organ or tissue isolated from a living body; cultured cells are preferred.
- Cells irradiated with light are, for example, induced pluripotent (iPS) cells, ES cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, differentiation induction from stem cells derived from living organisms such as neural stem cells; genetic recombination; genome editing and so on.
- iPS induced pluripotent
- the temperature of the cells during irradiation with light is, for example, 20-42°C, 25-40°C or 30-37°C. If the irradiation time is short, the irradiation may be performed in the air, but a chamber (for example, a CO 2 incubator) in which the CO 2 concentration and humidity can be appropriately adjusted according to the irradiation time, irradiation conditions, etc. can be used.
- a chamber for example, a CO 2 incubator
- the light has an emission peak in the wavelength range of 300-315 nm, preferably in the wavelength range of 300-310 nm. Such a wavelength component can promote photoaging of cells while suppressing cell damage.
- the wavelength of the emission peak is 308 nm.
- the light source for the light having the above emission peak include excimer discharge lamps (such as XeCl excimer discharge lamps), fluorescent lamps (such as those using a gadolinium-activated phosphor), and LEDs (for example, the light emission described in WO2018/142630).
- an excimer discharge lamp or an LED can be preferably used as a light source because of advantages such as less risk of cell heating due to light irradiation and stabilization of the spectrum immediately after lighting.
- an optical filter may be applied to the light source.
- examples of such an optical filter include those made of borosilicate glass whose main components are silicon oxide, boric acid, and sodium oxide, and have a thickness of, for example, 1 to 3 mm.
- anhydrous/oxygen-free aluminum fluoride glass can be used.
- the anhydrous/oxygen-free fluorinated aluminum glass contains BaF 2 , CaF 2 and AlF 3 in a range of 14.00 to 24.00 mol % and 28.25 to 38.25 mol %.
- the content of Ce is 1 to 10 at. %.
- the irradiation dose of light to cells can be appropriately changed depending on the origin and type of cells, the desired degree of photoaging, and the like, but from the viewpoint of enhancing the degree of photoaging, it is, for example, 20 mJ/cm 2 or more, and is more preferable. is 40 mJ/cm 2 or more, more preferably 60 mJ/cm 2 or more, still more preferably 80 mJ/cm 2 or more. From the viewpoint of suppressing cell damage, the irradiation dose of light to cells is, for example, 200 mJ/cm 2 or less, preferably 180 mJ/cm 2 or less, more preferably 150 mJ/cm 2 or less, and even more preferably 120 mJ/cm 2 or less. Or 100 mJ/cm 2 or less.
- the term “irradiation dose of light” refers to the irradiation dose calculated from the distance from the light source to the cell and the irradiation energy of the light source (theoretical irradiation dose when the light source to the cell is air), or the cell It is the measured irradiation dose obtained from the irradiation energy of the light beam detected by placing the detector at the position.
- the irradiation time of the light beam to the cells can be appropriately adjusted depending on the irradiation amount and irradiation intensity of the light source, the origin and type of cells, the degree of photoaging of the cells to be produced, the distance between the light source and the cells, etc., but for example, 0 0.01-60 seconds, 0.1-30 seconds, 0.5-20 seconds, 1-10 seconds or 2-6 seconds.
- This production method may include a step of further culturing the cells after irradiation with light, in order to recover damage to the cells.
- Media used for culture include, for example, MEM, ⁇ -MEM, DMEM, IMEM, RPMI-1640, Ham's F-12, and specialized media for various cells.
- Media further serum such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum, human serum; additives such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium pyruvate, L-glutamine, L-alanyl-L-glutamine; PBS; Good buffer (HEPES, etc. ); buffer components such as Hanks, Ringer, Earle, Gey, Puck, Eagle, Rinaldini or Tyrode balanced salts.
- the culture time can be, for example, 1 hour or longer, 3 hours or longer, 6 hours or longer, 12 hours or longer, 1 day or longer, 2 days or longer, or 3 days or longer, from the viewpoint of promoting cell recovery. days or less, 10 days or less, 7 days or less, or 5 days or less.
- This production method may further include a separation step for separating individual cells.
- cell separation include physical treatments such as detachment and stirring; treatments with salts such as sodium chloride; treatments with surfactants such as SDS and Triton-X100; treatments with enzymes such as dispase and protease.
- a method for detecting or quantifying photosenescent cells comprises: It includes detecting or quantifying the expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1 in cells.
- Examples of the cells include the cells described in the above [Method for producing photoaged cells].
- GPR17 G protein-coupled receptor 17
- GPCR G protein-coupled receptor
- CD34 is a gene that encodes a transmembrane phosphorylated glycoprotein.
- NCBI Gene ID for human CD34 is 947.
- GABRR1 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit rho1
- GABA ⁇ -aminobutyric acid
- the NCBI Gene ID for human CD34 is 2569.
- OR2AG2 olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AG member 2
- CMKLR1 chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1
- CDH19 cadherin 19
- cadherin 19 is a gene encoding cadherin 19, which is one of cadherins.
- the above 10 genes of non-human cells correspond to orthologs of human genes, and can be obtained, for example, by entering the names of the above 10 genes into a query and searching with NCBI's Gene.
- the detection or quantification of the gene expression is performed, for example, by detecting or quantifying mRNA, which is the transcription product of the gene, or detecting or quantifying protein, which is the translation product of the gene.
- mRNAs and proteins may contain single or multiple splice variants or processing products.
- the following means can be used, for example, after extracting mRNA from cells and optionally subjecting cDNA to reverse transcription, amplification reaction by PCR, or the like.
- (b) RNA-Seq analysis is performed after appropriately amplifying the cDNA.
- Quantitative PCR qPCR is performed using the cDNA as a template.
- the following means can be used to detect or quantify proteins that are translation products of genes.
- A binding a substance that specifically binds to the protein presented on the cell (e.g., an antibody or antibody fragment that uses these proteins as an antigen, an aptamer, etc.), directly or using a secondary antibody, etc.
- Cells are stained and detected or quantified. Since the proteins encoded by the above 10 genes are exposed on the cell surface, this means can be applied to living cells. Such means specifically include, for example, detection or quantification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), flow cytometry, and the like.
- FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
- B Protein is extracted from cells, and the protein is detected or quantified by ELISA, dot blotting, Western blotting, or the like.
- one of the embodiments includes detecting or quantifying the expression of the GPR17 gene.
- GPR17 has two isoforms, Long form and Short form, which differ in the length of the N-terminal part due to differences in splicing (367 amino acid residues and 339 amino acid residues in humans, respectively; see, for example, American Journal of Physiology, 2009, Vol.297, Issue 4, C1029-C1040).
- short-form, long-form, or both mRNAs or proteins can be detected or quantified.
- detecting or quantifying the expression of the GPR17 gene is performed by detecting or quantifying the long form mRNA or protein of the GPR17 gene.
- quantitative information includes, for example, the expression level of a gene in a cell population with a specific number of cells, the number of photoaging cells obtained by converting the expression level, and the expression of a gene. Examples include the number of detected cells, the number of cells whose expression level is greater than or equal to a specific value, and the like.
- a method for sorting photoaged cells comprises: This includes selecting cells positive for expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1.
- Examples of the above cells include the cells described in the above [Method for producing photoaged cells].
- the term "positive cell for gene expression” refers to a cell in which gene expression is detected, or a cell in which an expression level equal to or higher than a specific threshold is observed.
- cells negative for gene expression refer to cells in which gene expression is not detected or cells whose expression level is below a specific threshold.
- the threshold is appropriately set depending on the organism and type of cell origin, the means for detecting or quantifying gene expression to be used, and the like. For example, the threshold is set so that cells that have undergone photoaging and cells that have not undergone photoaging are prepared in advance, and cells that have undergone photoaging are judged to be positive, and cells that have not undergone photoaging are judged to be negative. good.
- Means for detecting or quantifying gene expression include the means described in the above section [Method for detecting or quantifying photoaged cells]. Among them, a substance that specifically binds to the protein encoded by the gene presented in the living cells of (A) above is bound, and the cells are living cells directly or using a secondary antibody or the like. It is preferable to use a means of staining for detection or quantification. According to this means, cells can be sorted while they are still alive.
- cell sorting is performed by flow cytometry.
- Flow cytometry detects or quantifies the expression of the gene using, for example, an antibody or antibody fragment specific for the protein encoded by the gene.
- This selection method is not particularly limited, but for example, (1) in the production of photoaged cells, to increase the ratio of photoaged cells to the total number of cells, or (2) to count cells that are positive or negative for the gene expression can be used to
- a screening method for a substance that suppresses the proliferation or development of photosenescent cells or a substance that reduces photosenescent cells comprises: contacting the cell with at least one candidate substance; detecting or quantifying the expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1 in cells contacted with the candidate substance; a step of detecting or quantifying photosenescent cells, and a substance that suppresses the growth or development of photosenescent cells or a substance that reduces photosenescent cells from the candidate substances based on the information obtained by the detection or quantification of the expression of the gene. selecting.
- the mechanism of action of the candidate substance for suppressing the proliferation of photosenescent cells or reducing photosenescent cells is not particularly limited. etc. is brought about.
- the candidate substance may be a single substance or a combination of two or more different substances.
- the candidate substances are, for example, substances that are candidates for active ingredients of pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics, or functional foods.
- the cells include those described in the section [Method for detecting or quantifying photoaged cells].
- the cells are photosenescent cells. Such an embodiment is suitable for selecting substances that inhibit photosenescent cell proliferation or reduce photosenescent cells.
- the cells are cells that have not undergone photoaging. Such an embodiment is suitable for selecting substances that suppress the development of photoaging cells (prevent photoaging).
- This embodiment may further include a culturing step, a step of promoting photoaging of cells, and the like, depending on the purpose of selection, the cytotoxicity of the substance, and the like, after contacting with the candidate substance.
- the step of promoting photoaging of cells includes, for example, the method described in the above [Method for producing photoaged cells].
- the step further comprises promoting photoaging of the cells.
- Such an embodiment is suitable for selecting substances that suppress the development of photoaging cells (prevent photoaging).
- Step of detecting or quantifying photosenescent cells Specific embodiments of the method for detecting or quantifying photoaged cells include those described in the above [Method for detecting or quantifying photoaged cells].
- Step of selecting a substance that suppresses the proliferation or development of photosenescent cells or a substance that reduces photosenescent cells is selected from the candidate substances based on the information obtained by the detection or quantification of the gene expression described above.
- the information is, for example, quantitative information, more specifically, the gene expression level itself in a cell population of a specific number of cells, the number of photoaging cells obtained by converting from the expression level, the gene The number of cells in which the expression of is detected, the number of cells whose expression level is a specific value or more, the number of cells in which gene expression is positive, and the like can be mentioned.
- control cells of (2) and (3) above include, for example, untreated cells that have not been contacted with a candidate substance, cells that have been contacted with a candidate substance at a lower concentration, and the like.
- a kit for detecting or quantifying photosenescent cells, or for sorting photosenescent cells which is one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, (a) A primer set capable of amplifying the cDNA of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1 (b) GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2 , CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1. (c) GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93. , AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1.
- the primer set (a) above can amplify at least part of the cDNA of at least one gene selected from the above 10 genes, the sequence, base length, length, chemical modification, etc. of each primer are It is not particularly limited. Each primer may, for example, create mismatches and/or gaps when hybridizing with a portion of the cDNA.
- the primer set (a) is preferably capable of amplifying cDNA to include exon-exon boundaries of the gene.
- the primer set of (a) can be used for qPCR, for example.
- the length of the amplified fragment is preferably 500 bp or less, 400 bp or less, 300 bp or less, 200 bp or less, 150 bp or less, or 100 bp or less, and can be 50 bp or more.
- the primer length of the primer set (a) is, for example, 15 to 40 nucleotides, or 17 to 25 nucleotides.
- the probe (b) above is not particularly limited in sequence, length, chemical modification, etc., as long as it specifically hybridizes to the mRNA or cDNA of at least one gene selected from the ten genes above.
- the probe of (b) includes DNA, RNA, and nucleic acids in which at least part of their phosphate groups are substituted with phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, phosphorodithionate, etc.; peptide nucleic acid (PNA), morpholino nucleic acid, etc. It can be a nucleic acid analogue.
- the probe of (b) preferably hybridizes to a portion of the mRNA or cDNA containing the exon-exon boundaries of the gene.
- the probe (b) is preferably linked with a label such as microparticles, fluorescent substances, enzymes, biotin, radiolabels, magnetic particles, and the like.
- the probe of (b) may be immobilized on beads, a substrate, a membrane, or the like, for example.
- the length of the probe of (b) is, for example, 15-40 nucleotides, or 17-25 nucleotides.
- the probes are, for example, microarray probes capable of detecting or quantifying mRNA or cDNA or amplifications thereof.
- Each primer and probe can be designed, for example, considering the Tm value and complementarity obtained by a sequence analysis server or software such as Primer-BLAST based on the sequence information of each gene.
- a sequence analysis server or software such as Primer-BLAST based on the sequence information of each gene.
- existing sequences registered in databases such as various qPCR primer databases can also be used as primers or probes for the above genes.
- the substance (c) above is not particularly limited as long as it can bind to at least a part of the protein encoded by at least one gene selected from the above 10 genes.
- Such substances include, for example, antibodies (polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies) or antibody fragments, aptamers, etc., using these proteins as antigens.
- Antibody fragments include, for example, Fab fragments, Fab′ fragments, F(ab′) 2 fragments, Fv fragments, ScFv fragments and the like.
- the substance (c) is preferably linked with a label such as microparticles, fluorescent substances, enzymes, biotin, radiolabels, and magnetic particles.
- the substance in (c) is an anti-GPR17 antibody, and in a more particular embodiment, an antibody directed against long form GPR17.
- the substance (c) is a fluorescently labeled anti-GPR17 antibody, and in a more specific embodiment, it is a fluorescently labeled antibody whose antigen is long form GPR17.
- Photoaged cells were produced by irradiating normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), which is a kind of human skin cells, with ultraviolet rays having a peak wavelength of 308 nm according to the following procedure. A schematic diagram of the procedure is shown in FIG. Cultivation and incubation were performed at 37° C. using a CO 2 incubator. Cerabeam (registered trademark) UV308 mini (manufactured by Ushio Inc.) was used as an ultraviolet light source.
- NHEK normal human epidermal keratinocytes
- the irradiated ultraviolet rays are light passing through borosilicate glass (thickness 1 mm) that cuts wavelengths around 280 nm using a XeCl excimer discharge lamp as a light source. 8b and 9b, UVB without components in the region below 297 nm.
- NHEKs were cultured on a collagen-coated dish (manufactured by Corning) in a keratinocyte-specific medium (manufactured by LONZA) by a conventional method until subconfluent.
- PBS phosphate-buffered saline
- FIG. 2 is a diagram comparing microscopic images of photoaged cells prepared at different irradiation doses.
- the irradiation dose increased, the number of cells decreased, but few detached cells (dead cells) were observed. This indicates that as the irradiation dose increased, the number of cells exhibiting "arrest of cell division", which is a characteristic of senescent cells, increased. That is, it was found that when the irradiation dose was 40 mJ/cm 2 or more, the number of cells in which cell division had stopped remarkably increased, and when the irradiation dose was 80 mJ/cm 2 or more, senescent cells in which cell division had stopped sufficiently were obtained. Also, increasing the irradiation dose increased the size of the cells. This represents the “cell hypertrophy” that is characteristic of senescent cells. All of these cells showing cell division arrest or cell hypertrophy were stained with SA- ⁇ -Gal, confirming that they were senescent cells.
- RNA-Seq analysis was performed. Between-group comparisons were performed by normalizing the read counts of all analyzed genes. The implementation of RNA-Seq and data analysis were outsourced to DNA Chip Research Institute, Inc.
- Figure 3 shows the results of the read count comparison.
- GPR17, CD34, GABRR1, OR2AG2, CMKLR1, CDH19, CD93, AVPR2, CCR7 and OXGR1 were found to be specifically increased in photoaged cells produced by UV irradiation.
- UV-irradiated cells were produced in the same manner as in Test Example 1, except that a collagen-coated glass plate was used as the cell culture substrate.
- the dose was 0 mJ/cm 2 (UV( ⁇ ) group) or 80 mJ/cm 2 (UV(+) group).
- a commercially available anti-GPR17 antibody (product code: CSB-PA619758LA01HU, manufactured by CUSABIO) whose epitope is the N-terminal region of human GPR17 (residue numbers 1 to 36) was used as a primary antibody, Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H +L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor Plus 488 (manufactured by Thermo Fischer Scientific) was used as a secondary antibody to stain the obtained keratinocytes. Also, the nuclei were stained with Hoechst. The resulting stained image is shown in FIG.
- NHDF cells Normal human skin fibroblasts
- NHDF cells Normal human dermal fibroblasts
- Experimental conditions other than cell type and medium are the same as (1) to (5) of Test Example 1.
- a medium a fibroblast-only medium (manufactured by PromoCell) was used.
- Viable cells were observed at irradiation doses up to at least 120 mJ/cm 2 , similar to experiments using human epidermal keratinocyte cells.
- the characteristics of senescent cells, "stop cell division” and "cell enlargement,” were confirmed. From the above, even if human skin cells other than human epidermal keratinocyte cells were used, photoaging cells could be produced efficiently by irradiation with ultraviolet rays having a peak wavelength of 308 nm.
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Abstract
Description
300~315nmの波長範囲に発光ピークを有する光線を細胞に照射する工程を含む。
前記作製方法は、光老化細胞を選別する工程をさらに含んでもよい。
細胞におけるGPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現を検出又は定量することを含む。
GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子発現が陽性の細胞を選別することを含む。
細胞に少なくとも1種以上の候補物質を接触させる工程、
前記候補物質を接触させた細胞のGPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現を検出又は定量する工程、及び
前記遺伝子の発現の検出又は定量によって得られた情報によって、前記候補物質から光老化細胞の増殖若しくは発生を抑制する物質又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質を選択する工程を含む。
これらのタンパク質は細胞表面に提示されるので、細胞表面のタンパク質を検出又は定量することにより、生きたまま光老化細胞を選別することができ、選別した細胞をスクリーニングに利用することができる点で好ましい。
(a)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子のcDNAを増幅可能なプライマーセット、
(b)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子のmRNA又はcDNAに特異的にハイブリダイズするプローブ、及び
(c)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子にコードされるタンパク質に特異的に結合可能な物質
からなる群より選ばれる1以上を少なくとも含む。
本開示の検出又は定量方法及びキットによれば、光老化細胞を簡易に検出又は定量することができる。そして、当該検出又は定量方法を、上記の選別方法に応用することで、光老化細胞を簡易に選別することができる。さらに当該検出又は定量方法を応用した本開示のスクリーニング方法は、光老化細胞の増殖若しくは発生を抑制する物質又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質を効率よく選択することができる。
(1)β-ガラクトシダーゼ(SA-β-Gal)又はサイクリン依存性キナーゼ阻害因子(p16)陽性である;
(2)細胞分裂の停止又は著しい低下が見られる;
(3)細胞が肥大化している。
本開示の実施形態の一つである、光老化細胞の作製方法は、
300~315nmの波長範囲に発光ピークを有する光線を細胞に照射する工程を含む。
細胞は生細胞であれば、その由来生物及び種類は特に限定されないが、癌化していない細胞が好ましい。
細胞の由来生物としては、例えば、脊椎動物(哺乳類、爬虫類、鳥類、両生類、魚類)、無脊椎動物などが挙げられる。中でも、細胞の由来生物は、好ましくは哺乳類(例えばヒト、チンパンジー、アカゲザル、ミドリザルなどの霊長類;マウス、ラット、モルモットなどのげっ歯類;ウマ;ウシ;ヒツジ;ヤギ;イヌ;ネコなど)であり、より好ましくはヒトである。
細胞の種類としては、例えば皮膚の細胞が挙げられる。皮膚の細胞の具体例としては、例えば、ケラチノサイト、色素細胞(メラノサイト)、ランゲルハンス細胞、メルケル細胞などの表皮系細胞;線維芽細胞などの真皮系細胞;脂肪細胞などの脂肪組織系細胞;毛乳頭細胞、毛母細胞、内毛根鞘細胞、外毛根鞘細胞などの毛包系細胞などが挙げられる。中でも細胞の種類としては、表皮系細胞又は真皮系細胞が好ましく、ケラチノサイト又は線維芽細胞がより好ましい。
光線の照射は、例えばサブコンフルエントなどのコンフルエントに達していない培養細胞に対して行うことが好ましい。
上記発光ピークを有する光線の光源としては、例えば、エキシマ放電ランプ(XeClエキシマ放電ランプなど)、蛍光ランプ(ガドリニウム付活の蛍光体を用いたものなど)、LED(例えばWO2018/142630に記載の発光ピークが312nm以上又は313nm以上であり、315nm以下であり、半値幅が20nm以下であるLED素子など)が挙げられる。中でも、光照射に伴う細胞の加熱リスクが少ない、点灯直後からスペクトルが安定するなどの利点から、エキシマ放電ランプ又はLEDを光源として好適に使用することができる。
また細胞に対する光線の照射量は、細胞傷害を抑える観点から、例えば200mJ/cm2以下であり、好ましくは180mJ/cm2以下、より好ましくは150mJ/cm2以下、更に好ましくは120mJ/cm2以下又は100mJ/cm2以下である。
本作製方法には、細胞の傷害を回復させるために、光線を照射後に細胞をさらに培養する工程を設けてもよい。培養に使用する培地は、例えば、MEM、α-MEM、DMEM、IMEM、RPMI-1640、Ham’s F-12、各種細胞の専用培地などが挙げられる。培地、さらにウシ胎仔血清(FBS)、ウマ血清、ヒト血清などの血清;炭酸水素ナトリウム、ピルビン酸ナトリウム、L-グルタミン、L-アラニル-L-グルタミンなどの添加物;PBS;グッドバッファー(HEPES等);Hanks、Ringer、Earle、Gey、Puck、Eagle、Rinaldini又はTyrodeの平衡塩類などの緩衝成分から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の成分を含んでもよい。
本作製方法には、さらに個々の細胞を分離するための分離工程を設けてもよい。細胞の分離には、例えば剥離、攪拌などの物理的処理;塩化ナトリウムなどの塩による処理;SDSやTriton-X100などの界面活性剤による処理;ディスパーゼ、プロテアーゼなどの酵素による処理などが挙げられる。
本開示の実施形態の一つである、光老化細胞の検出又は定量方法は、
細胞におけるGPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現を検出又は定量することを含む。
CD34は、膜貫通リン酸化糖タンパク質をコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのCD34のNCBI Gene IDは947である。
GABRR1(gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit rho1)は、リガンド依存性クロライドチャネルであるγ-アミノ酪酸(GABA)受容体をコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのCD34のNCBI Gene IDは2569である。
OR2AG2(olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AG member 2)は、GPCRスーパーファミリーに属し、嗅覚受容体をコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのOR2AG2のNCBI Gene IDは338755である。
CMKLR1(chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1)は、走化性アディポカインであるケメリン(chemerin)をリガンドとするGPCRをコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのCMKLR1のNCBI Gene IDは1240である。
CDH19(cadherin 19)は、カドヘリンの一つであるカドヘリン19をコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのCDH19のNCBI Gene IDは28513である。
CD93は、C型レクチン膜貫通型受容体をコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのCD93のNCBI Gene IDは22918である。
AVPR2(arginine vasopressin receptor 2)は、GPCRスーパーファミリーに属するバソプレシン受容体2型をコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのAVPR2のNCBI Gene IDは554である。
CCR7(C-C motif chemokine receptor 7)は、ケモカインであるCCL19とCCL21をリガンドとするGPCRをコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのCCR7のNCBI Gene IDは1236である。
OXGR1(oxoglutarate receptor 1)は、GPCRスーパーファミリー内のオキソグルタル酸受容体ファミリーに属するGPCRをコードする遺伝子である。例えばヒトのOXGR1のNCBI Gene IDは27199である。
(a)遺伝子のmRNA又cDNA若しくはその増幅物を、それらに特異的にハイブリダイズするプローブで検出又は定量する。具体的には、例えば、ノーザンブロッティング、DNAチップなどのアレイ解析などが挙げられる。
(b)cDNAを適宜増幅したうえでRNA-Seq解析する。
(c)cDNAを鋳型として定量PCR(qPCR)を行う。
(A)細胞に提示された当該タンパク質に対して特異的に結合する物質(例えば、これらタンパク質を抗原とする抗体又は抗体断片、アプタマーなど)を結合させ、直接又は二次抗体などを用いて、細胞を染色して検出又は定量する。
上記10遺伝子にコードされたタンパク質は細胞表面に露出するため、当該手段は生細胞に対して適用することが可能である。そのような手段として、具体的には、例えば、蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーション(FISH)、フローサイトメトリーなどによる検出又は定量が含まれる。
(B)細胞からタンパク質を抽出し、当該タンパク質をELISA法、ドットブロット法、ウェスタンブロット法などにより検出又は定量する。
本開示の実施形態の一つである光老化細胞の選別方法は、
GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現が陽性の細胞を選別することを含む。
また本明細書において、遺伝子の発現が陰性の細胞とは、遺伝子の発現が検出されない細胞又は特定の閾値以下の発現量である細胞を表す。
ここで、当該閾値は、細胞の由来生物及び種類、使用する遺伝子発現の検出又は定量手段などによって適宜設定される。閾値は、例えば、予め光老化を受けた細胞と受けていない細胞を準備したうえで、光老化を受けた細胞が陽性、光老化を受けていない細胞が陰性と判定されるように設定すればよい。
本開示の実施形態の一つである光老化細胞の増殖若しくは発生を抑制する物質又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質のスクリーニング方法は、
細胞に少なくとも1種以上の候補物質を接触させる工程、
上記候補物質を接触させた細胞のGPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現を検出又は定量する工程、及び
光老化細胞を検出又は定量する工程、及び
前記遺伝子の発現の検出又は定量によって得られた情報によって、前記候補物質から光老化細胞の増殖若しくは発生を抑制する物質又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質を選択する工程、を含む。
細胞に少なくとも1種以上の候補物質を接触させる手段としては、例えば、培地に候補物質を添加すること、細胞を含む生体(例えば、ヒトを除く)、器官又は組織に候補物質を投与又は摂取させること、などが包含される。
一実施形態では、上記細胞は光老化細胞である。このような実施形態は、光老化細胞の増殖を抑制する、又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質を選択するのに適する。
別の実施形態では、上記細胞は光老化を受けていない細胞である。このような実施形態は、光老化細胞の発生を抑制する(光老化を予防する)物質を選択するのに適する。
一実施形態では、光老化を受けていない細胞に候補物質を接触させた後で、細胞の光老化を促進する工程をさらに含む。このような実施形態は、光老化細胞の発生を抑制する(光老化を予防する)物質を選択するのに適する。
光老化細胞を検出又は定量の方法の具体的な実施形態は、上記の[光老化細胞の検出又は定量方法]に記載したものが挙げられる。
本工程では、上記の遺伝子の発現の検出又は定量で得られた情報によって、候補物質から光老化細胞の増殖若しくは発生を抑制する物質又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質を選択する。ここで当該情報としては、例えば定量的な情報であり、より具体的には、特定の細胞数の細胞集団における遺伝子の発現量そのもの、当該発現量から換算して得られる光老化細胞数、遺伝子の発現が検出された細胞の数、発現量が特定の値以上の細胞、遺伝子の発現が陽性の細胞の数、などが挙げられる。
(1)予め基準値を定めたうえで、候補物質を接触させた細胞の光老化細胞の定量値が基準値以下である場合、当該候補物質を光老化細胞の増殖又は発生を抑制する、又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質として選択する。
(2)候補物質を接触させた細胞が、対照細胞に比べて、上記遺伝子の発現量が小さい場合、当該候補物質を光老化細胞の増殖又は発生を抑制する、又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質として選択する。
(3)候補物質を接触させた細胞が、対照細胞に比べて、上記の遺伝子の発現が陽性の細胞の数の全細胞数に対する割合が小さい場合、当該候補物質を光老化細胞の増殖又は発生を抑制する、又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質として選択する。
本開示の実施形態の一つである、光老化細胞の検出若しくは定量用、又は、光老化細胞の選別用である、キットは、
(a)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子のcDNAを増幅可能なプライマーセット
(b)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子のmRNA又はcDNAに特異的にハイブリダイズするプローブ
(c)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子にコードされるタンパク質に特異的に結合可能な物質
より選ばれる1以上を少なくとも含む。
(a)のプライマーセットは、上記遺伝子のエキソン-エキソン境界を含むようにcDNAを増幅可能であることが好ましい。
(a)のプライマーセットは、例えば、qPCRに使用することができる。qPCRにおいては、増幅断片の長さは、好ましくは500bp以下、400bp以下、300bp以下、200bp以下、150bp以下、又は100bp以下であり、また50bp以上とすることができる。
(a)のプライマーセットのプライマーの長さは、例えば15~40ヌクレオチド、又は17~25ヌクレオチドである。
(b)のプローブは、上記遺伝子のエキソン-エキソン境界を含むmRNA又はcDNAの部分にハイブリダイズすることが好ましい。
本明細書において、(b)のプローブは、例えば、微小粒子、蛍光物質、酵素、ビオチン、放射性標識体、磁性粒子などの標識が連結されることが好ましい。
(b)のプローブは、例えば、ビーズ、基板、メンブレンなどに固相化されていてもよい。
(b)のプローブの長さは、例えば15~40ヌクレオチド、又は17~25ヌクレオチドである。
一実施形態では、プローブは、例えば、mRNA又はcDNA若しくはその増幅物を検出又は定量可能なマイクロアレイのプローブである。
(c)の物質は、例えば、微小粒子、蛍光物質、酵素、ビオチン、放射性標識体、磁性粒子などの標識が連結されることが好ましい。
一実施形態では、(c)の物質は、抗GPR17抗体であり、より特定の実施形態では、Long formのGPR17を抗原とする抗体である。
また、一実施形態では、(c)の物質は、蛍光標識された抗GPR17抗体であり、より特定の実施形態では、Long formのGPR17を抗原とする蛍光標識抗体である。
ヒト皮膚細胞の一種である正常ヒト表皮ケラチノサイト(NHEK)に対して、以下の手順でピーク波長が308nmの紫外線を照射して光老化細胞を作製した。図1に手順の模式図を示した。培養及びインキュベートはCO2インキュベーターを使用して37℃で行った。紫外線光源には、セラビーム(登録商標)UV308 mini(ウシオ電機製)を使用した。即ち、照射した紫外線は、XeClエキシマ放電ランプを光源として、280nm付近の波長をカットする硼珪酸ガラス(厚さ1mm)を通した光であり、そのスペクトルは、特開2007-267936号公報の図8b及び図9bで表され、297nm未満の領域の成分を有しないUVBである。
(1)コラーゲンコートディッシュ(Corning社製)に、ケラチノサイト専用培地(LONZA社製)で常法によりNHEKをサブコンフルエントになるまで培養した。
(2)培地を除去して、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)で2回細胞を洗浄してから、細胞が十分浸るようにPBSを加えた。
(3)0mJ/cm2、20mJ/cm2、40mJ/cm2、80mJ/cm2又は100mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射した。ここで、各照射量は、照射時間を0、1、3、5又は6秒間とすることで得られた。
(4)ディッシュのPBSをケラチノサイト専用培地(LONZA社製)に置換して、3日間培養した。
(5)培地を吸引除去し、SA-β-Gal前処理液(CELL BIOLABS社製)を培地に2mL加えて、2時間インキュベートした。
(6)SA-β-Gal前処理液を吸引除去し、SA-β-Gal基質溶液(CELL BIOLABS社製)を培地に10μL加えて、さらに1日培養した。
また、照射量を増加させると、細胞の大きさが大きくなった。これは老化細胞の特徴である「細胞の肥大化」を表す。
なお、これらの細胞分裂の停止又は細胞の肥大化を示した細胞は、いずれもSA-β-Gal染色されていたことから、老化細胞であることが確かめられた。
試験例1の(1)~(5)と同じ手順で、0mJ/cm2の照射量(光照射なし)のケラチノサイト(UN群)、80mJ/cm2の照射量で紫外線照射処理したケラチノサイト(U80群)を作製した。また、50日間ケラチノサイト専用培地で継代して、自然老化したヒト正常ケラチノサイト(P50群)を作製した。各群n=10である。各群の細胞をディッシュから回収し、TRIzol(登録商標、Thermo Fischer Scientific社製)を用いて細胞からmRNAを抽出して、RNA-Seq解析を行った。解析された全遺伝子のリードカウント数について正規化して群間比較を行った。RNA-Seqの実施及びデータの解析は、株式会社DNAチップ研究所に委託して行った。
中でも、GPR17、GABRR1、CMKLR1、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1は、U80群以外にはmRNA発現が観察されなかった。これらの遺伝子は光老化細胞おいて顕著に特異的なマーカーであることが示された。
細胞培養基材としてコラーゲンコートしたガラスプレートを用いたこと以外は試験例1と同じ方法によって紫外線を照射した細胞を作製した。照射量は0mJ/cm2(UV(-)群)又は80mJ/cm2(UV(+)群)とした。コラーゲンコートしたガラスプレートとして、セルマトリックス Type I-C(新田ゼラチン社製)0.1mLを希釈液(希塩酸pH3.0)0.9mLに加えたものを、Multitest slide, 8-well(MP Biomedical社製)に20μL/well加え、30分室温にて静置後、ケラチノサイト専用培地20μL/wellで2回洗浄して得られたものを使用した。
正常ヒト皮膚線維芽細胞(NHDF細胞)に対し、波長308nmの紫外線を照射し、光老化細胞の作製を行った。正常ヒト皮膚線維芽細胞(NHDF細胞)は、ヒト表皮ケラチノサイト細胞よりも、もう一段深い真皮領域の細胞である。細胞の種類及び培地以外の実験条件は、試験例1の(1)~(5)と同じである。培地は、線維芽細胞専用培地(PromoCell社製)を用いた。
Claims (5)
- 細胞におけるGPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現を検出又は定量することを含む、光老化細胞の検出又は定量方法。
- GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現が陽性の細胞を選別することを含む、光老化細胞の選別方法。
- 光老化細胞の増殖若しくは発生を抑制する物質又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質のスクリーニング方法であって、
細胞に少なくとも1種以上の候補物質を接触させる工程、
前記候補物質を接触させた細胞のGPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現を検出又は定量する工程、及び
前記遺伝子の発現の検出又は定量によって得られた情報によって、前記候補物質から光老化細胞の増殖若しくは発生を抑制する物質又は光老化細胞を減少させる物質を選択する工程を含む、スクリーニング方法。 - 下記(a)~(c)より選ばれる1以上を少なくとも含む、光老化細胞の検出、定量又は選別のためのキット:
(a)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子のcDNAを増幅可能なプライマーセット;
(b)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子のmRNA又はcDNAに特異的にハイブリダイズするプローブ;
(c)GPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの遺伝子にコードされるタンパク質に特異的に結合可能な物質。 - 300~315nmの波長範囲に発光ピークを有する光線を照射された細胞のGPR17、CD34、GABRR1、OR2AG2、CMKLR1、CDH19、CD93、AVPR2、CCR7及びOXGR1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の遺伝子の発現を検出又は定量する工程を含む、光老化細胞の作製方法。
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