WO2022188045A1 - 一种催化制备吡喃并 [2,3-b] 吲哚 -2- 酮化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种催化制备吡喃并 [2,3-b] 吲哚 -2- 酮化合物的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022188045A1
WO2022188045A1 PCT/CN2021/079843 CN2021079843W WO2022188045A1 WO 2022188045 A1 WO2022188045 A1 WO 2022188045A1 CN 2021079843 W CN2021079843 W CN 2021079843W WO 2022188045 A1 WO2022188045 A1 WO 2022188045A1
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pyrano
indol
compound
reaction
rare earth
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陈启发
徐凡
滕月
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苏州大学
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22Organic complexes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • C07D491/044Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
    • C07D491/052Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being six-membered

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of fused heterocycles, in particular to a catalytic preparation method of a pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound.
  • Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one skeleton is a kind of very important structural unit, which widely exists in natural products and drug molecules, and has certain biological activities. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the efficient synthesis technology of pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one skeletons.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compounds. Through the reaction of substituted isatin, phosphite and cyclopropenone catalyzed by rare earth silicon amide, a synthetic pyrano[2, Methods for 3- b ]Indol-2-one Compounds.
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a method for preparing a pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound, comprising the following steps: under anhydrous and anoxic conditions, with Substituted isatin, phosphite and cyclopropenone are used as reactants, and silylamino rare earth compound is used as catalyst to prepare pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound in organic solvent.
  • the invention also discloses the application of the silicon amino rare earth compound in preparing the pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound, using substituted isatin, phosphite and cyclopropenone as reactants, and using silicon Amino rare earth compounds are used as catalysts to prepare pyrano[2,3- b ]-indol-2-one compounds in an organic solvent.
  • the chemical structural formula of the silicon amino rare earth compound is as follows: .
  • Ln is a positive trivalent rare earth metal ion; the general formula of the chemical structure of the substituted isatin is as follows: .
  • R 2 is selected from one of 4-chloro, 5-chloro, 5-fluoro, 5-bromo, 5-methyl, 5-methoxy, 6-chloro, 7-chloro;
  • Ar is selected from phenyl.
  • the chemical formula of the catalyst of the present invention is: [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 Ln( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 , in which (Me 3 Si) 2 N represents trimethylsilylamino, and Ln represents positive trivalent Rare earth metal ions, one selected from lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, erbium or ytterbium, preferably lanthanum, under the same conditions, relative to the other four metals, the reaction catalyzed by the pyrano[2,3- b ]-indol-2-one compounds have higher yields; m - represents bridge bonds; THF represents tetrahydrofuran.
  • the phosphite is diethyl phosphite; the anhydrous and anoxic conditions are preferably in an inert atmosphere.
  • the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is 1,4-dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, toluene, n-hexane A kind of; preferably toluene.
  • the yield in toluene is significantly higher than that of other solvents, and a remarkable technical effect has been achieved.
  • the reaction temperature is 100-120°C, preferably 110°C; the reaction time is 1-3 hours, preferably 1.5 hours.
  • the consumption of the catalyst is 15-20% of the molar amount of cyclopropenone; the consumption of the catalyst of the present invention enables the reaction to be carried out efficiently, while avoiding increasing the reaction cost and simplifying the post-processing of the reaction system.
  • the dosage of the diethyl phosphite is 1 to 1.5 times the mole number of cyclopropenone; the preferred dosage of the phosphite is 1.2 times the mole amount of the cyclopropenone; diethyl phosphite of the present invention
  • the amount of ester is beneficial to the completion of the reaction, avoids waste caused by the inability of the diethyl phosphite to react completely, and is also conducive to post-processing.
  • the consumption of the substituted isatin is 1 to 1.5 times the mole number of cyclopropenone; preferably, the consumption of the substituted isatin is 1.2 times the mole of the cyclopropenone; the consumption of the substituted isatin of the present invention is beneficial to The improvement of the reaction yield avoids waste and is also conducive to post-processing.
  • the reaction process includes, under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions, silylamino rare earth compound [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 Ln( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 , substituted isatin, phosphite , after mixing the organic solvents, then add cyclopropenone and organic solvent, react at 110 ° C for 1.5 hours, terminate the reaction, carry out extraction, dry the extract with a desiccant, filter, remove the solvent under reduced pressure, and finally obtain by flash column chromatography. Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compounds.
  • water is used to terminate the reaction
  • the extraction agent is ethyl acetate
  • the drying agent is anhydrous sodium sulfate
  • the eluent is an ethyl acetate/petroleum ether system (volume ratio is 1:10).
  • the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art.
  • the present invention uses silicon amino rare earth compound [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 Ln( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 as a catalyst to catalyze the reaction of substituted isatin, phosphite and cyclopropenone to prepare pyran for the first time
  • the [2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound has simple and easy-to-obtain raw materials, and the yield of the target product is high, the highest being over 95%.
  • the synthetic route disclosed in the present invention adopts a one-pot reaction method, and the catalyst, substituted isatin, phosphite and cyclopropenone are added to the solvent for reaction, the reaction is simple and efficient, the reaction time is short (1.5 hours), and the product yield is high , overcoming the defects of cumbersome reaction steps and low yield in the prior art.
  • the method disclosed in the present invention does not use precious metal catalysts, does not use metered strong bases, has low reaction costs, and is also conducive to protecting the environment; at the same time, the catalyst used in the present invention has a simple synthesis method, high yield, and the entire preparation of pyrano[2 ,3- b ]indol-2-one compound with controllable process.
  • substituted isatin, phosphite and cyclopropenone are used as reactants, and silicon amino rare earth compounds are used as catalysts to react in an organic solvent to prepare pyrano[2,3- b ]
  • the indol-2-one compound does not need other reagents and steps.
  • the product of the present invention can be obtained by the reaction, and the purified product can be obtained through conventional purification, and the steps are simple.
  • the raw materials of the present invention are all existing products, and the specific operation method and testing method are conventional methods in the field, and are all carried out under conventional conditions unless otherwise specified.
  • the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples.
  • Example 1 Synthesis of catalyst [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 : at -10 °C, n -BuLi in hexane solution (60 mmol, 2.52 M) It was added dropwise to a 100 mL Schlenk reaction flask containing (Me 3 Si) 2 NH (60 mmol) and reacted at room temperature for 30 minutes. The above reaction solution was added to a suspension of anhydrous LaCl 3 (20 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and stirred at room temperature overnight.
  • the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the obtained solid powder was extracted with hot toluene to remove LiCl, concentrated, and placed at 0 °C to precipitate a large number of crystals, which were the desired lanthanum silamide compound, with a yield of 85%.
  • Example 1 For other catalysts, refer to Example 1 for the preparation method.
  • Example 2 [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 catalyzed N -substituted isatin, diethyl phosphite and 2,3-diarylcyclopropenone to prepare pyridine Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound: weigh [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La into the reaction flask which has been treated with dehydration and deoxygenation under argon protection.
  • Example 3 [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 catalyzed N -substituted isatin, diethyl phosphite and 2,3-diarylcyclopropenone to prepare pyridine Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound: weigh [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La into the reaction flask which has been treated with dehydration and deoxygenation under argon protection.
  • the above-mentioned catalyst dosage was adjusted to 0.036 mmol, the rest remained unchanged, and the yield was 90%.
  • Example 4 [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 catalyzed N -substituted isatin, diethyl phosphite and 2,3-diarylcyclopropenone to prepare pyridine Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound: weigh [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La into the reaction flask which has been treated with dehydration and deoxygenation under argon protection.
  • Example 5 [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 catalyzed N -substituted isatin, diethyl phosphite and 2,3-diarylcyclopropenone to prepare pyridine Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound: weigh [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La into the reaction flask which has been treated with dehydration and deoxygenation under argon protection.
  • Example 6 [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 catalyzed N -substituted isatin, diethyl phosphite and 2,3-diarylcyclopropenone to prepare pyridine Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound: weigh [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La into the reaction flask which has been treated with dehydration and deoxygenation under argon protection.
  • Example 7 [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 catalyzed N -substituted isatin, diethyl phosphite and 2,3-diarylcyclopropenone to prepare pyridine Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound: weigh [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La into the reaction flask which has been treated with dehydration and deoxygenation under argon protection.
  • Example 8 [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 catalyzed N -substituted isatin, diethyl phosphite and 2,3-diarylcyclopropenone to prepare pyridine Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound: weigh [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La into the reaction flask which has been treated with dehydration and deoxygenation under argon protection.
  • Example 9 [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La( m -Cl)Li(THF) 3 catalyzed N -substituted isatin, diethyl phosphite and 2,3-diarylcyclopropenone to prepare pyridine Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound: weigh [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 3 La into the reaction flask which has been treated with dehydration and deoxygenation under argon protection.
  • Pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one skeleton contains pyran and indole, which is one of the most important structural units in medicinal chemistry.
  • pyrano[2,3- b ] methods of indol-2-one skeletons such as: .
  • substituted isatin, phosphite and cyclopropenone are used as reactants, and silicon amino rare earth compound is used as catalyst to prepare pyrano[2,3- b ]indol-2-one compound by reaction in organic solvent
  • the product of the present invention can be obtained without other reagents and steps, and the purified product can be obtained through conventional purification.
  • the steps are simple, and the product can be dissolved in an organic solvent and has good stability.

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Abstract

提供一种催化制备吡喃并[2,3-b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法,以硅氨基稀土化合物[(Me3Si)2N]3Ln(m-Cl)Li(THF)3为催化剂,催化取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮一锅化反应制备产物;催化剂中,(Me3Si)2N表示三甲基硅氨基,Ln表示正三价的稀土金属离子,选自镧、钕、钐、铒或镱中的一种;m-代表桥键;THF代表四氢呋喃。此方法中,催化剂合成方法简单,反应原料简单易得,底物适用范围广,一锅化反应方法效率高,反应简洁高效,目标产物的收率最高达95%。

Description

一种催化制备吡喃并[2,3-b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法 技术领域
本发明属于稠杂环制备技术领域,具体涉及一种吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的催化制备方法。
背景技术
吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮骨架是一类很重要的结构单元,广泛存在于天然产物和药物分子中,具有一定的生物活性。因此,研究吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮骨架的高效合成技术具有重要的理论和实际意义。
现有技术中,已报道的吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮骨架的合成路线寥寥无几,主要有三种方法。其一,米氏酸衍生物和N-(2-碘苯基)丙炔酰胺在一定条件下经过三步反应实现合成(参见A. Arcadi, S. Cacchi, F. Marinelli, P. Pace, Synlett, 1993, 743.);其二,2-羟基-3-乙酰基吲哚衍生物和苯乙酸在Mukaiyama试剂作用下对目标产物的合成(参见A. S. Kumar, R. Nagarajan, Synthesis, 2013, 45, 1235.);其三,吲哚-2-酮和乙酰乙酸乙酯在高温条件下对目标产物的合成(参见N. L. Nam, I. I. Grandberg, Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, 2006, 42, 1010.)。以上方法可以合成吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物,但是均存在一些缺陷,例如:产率低、合成步骤繁琐、底物结构复杂、需使用贵金属催化剂,等等。所以寻找一种原料来源简单、步骤简洁、反应条件温和、普适性好的催化的方法来合成吡喃并[2,3- b]-吲哚-2-酮化合物是很有必要的。
技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法。通过稀土硅氨化物催化的取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮的反应,公开一种原料来源简单、步骤简洁、反应条件温和、高活性、普适性好的合成吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法。
技术解决方案
为达到上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:在无水无氧条件下,以取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮为反应物,以硅氨基稀土化合物为催化剂,在有机溶剂中反应制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物。
本发明还公开了硅氨基稀土化合物在制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物中的应用,以取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮为反应物,以硅氨基稀土化合物为催化剂,在有机溶剂中反应制备吡喃并[2,3- b]-吲哚-2-酮化合物。
本发明中,所述硅氨基稀土化合物的化学结构式如下所示:
Figure 563315dest_path_image001
其中,Ln为正三价的稀土金属离子;所述取代靛红的化学结构通式如下:
Figure 233331dest_path_image002
所述吡喃并[2,3- b]-吲哚-2-酮化合物的化学结构式如下所示:
Figure 816759dest_path_image003
所述环丙烯酮通式结构如下:
Figure 597633dest_path_image004
上述结构式中,R 2选自4-氯、5-氯、5-氟、5-溴、5-甲基、5-甲氧基、6-氯、7-氯中的一种;Ar选自苯基。
本发明催化剂的化学式:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3Ln( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3,式中,(Me 3Si) 2N表示三甲基硅氨基,Ln表示正三价的稀土金属离子,选自镧、钕、钐、铒或镱中的一种,优选为镧,在同样条件下,相对于其他四种金属,其催化的反应对于吡喃并[2,3- b]-吲哚-2-酮化合物生成产率较高; m-代表桥键;THF代表四氢呋喃。
本发明中,亚磷酸酯为亚磷酸二乙酯;所述在无水无氧条件优选为在惰性气氛中。
上述技术方案中,反应在有机溶剂中进行,有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯、甲苯、正己烷中的一种;优选为甲苯。同一条件下,在甲苯中产率明显高于其他溶剂,取得了显著进步的技术效果。
上述技术方案中,所述反应温度为100~120℃,优选110℃;所述反应时间为1~3小时,优选1.5小时。
上述技术方案中,所述催化剂的用量为环丙烯酮的摩尔量的15-20%;本发明催化剂的用量使反应高效进行,同时避免增加反应成本并可简化反应体系的后处理。
上述技术方案中,所述亚磷酸二乙酯的用量为环丙烯酮的摩尔数的1~1.5倍;优选的亚磷酸酯的用量为1.2倍环丙烯酮的摩尔量;本发明亚磷酸二乙酯的用量有利于反应的完全,同时避免导致亚磷酸二乙酯无法反应完全而造成浪费,也利于后处理。
上述技术方案中,所述取代靛红的用量为环丙烯酮的摩尔数的1~1.5倍;优选取代靛红的用量为1.2倍环丙烯酮的摩尔量;本发明取代靛红的用量有利于反应收率的提高,避免导致浪费,也利于后处理。
上述技术方案中,反应过程包括在无水无氧条件下,将硅氨基稀土化合物[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3Ln( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3、取代靛红、亚磷酸酯、有机溶剂混合后,再加入环丙烯酮和有机溶剂,在110℃下反应1.5小时,终止反应,进行萃取,用干燥剂干燥萃取液,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经快速柱层析得到吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物。优选的技术方案中终止反应采用水,萃取剂为乙酸乙酯,干燥剂为无水硫酸钠,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯/石油醚体系(体积比为1∶10)。
上述技术方案可表示如下:
Figure 582906dest_path_image005
有益效果
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点。
1. 本发明首次使用硅氨基稀土化合物[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3Ln( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3作为催化剂催化取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮进行反应制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物,原料简单易得,目标产物的收率高,最高达到95%以上。
2. 本发明公开的合成路线采用一锅化反应方法,将催化剂、取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮加入溶剂中反应,反应简洁高效,反应时间短(1.5小时),产物产率高,克服了现有技术反应步骤繁琐、产率偏低的缺陷。
3. 本发明公开的方法不使用贵金属催化剂,不使用计量强碱,反应成本低,也有利于保护环境;同时本发明使用的催化剂合成方法简单,产率较高,整个制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的过程可控。
本发明的实施方式
本发明在无水无氧条件下,以取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮为反应物,以硅氨基稀土化合物为催化剂,在有机溶剂中反应制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物,无需其他试剂与步骤,反应物料混合后反应即得到本发明的产物,经过常规提纯,得到纯化产物,步骤简单。
本发明的原料都是现有产品,具体操作方法以及测试方法为本领域常规方法,如无特殊说明,都在常规条件下进行。下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例一:催化剂[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3的合成:在-10℃下,将 n-BuLi的己烷溶液(60 mmol,2.52 M)滴加入到装有(Me 3Si) 2NH (60 mmol)的100 mL Schlenk 反应瓶中,在室温下反应30分钟。将上述反应液加入到无水LaCl 3(20 mmol)的 THF(30 mL)悬浊液中,室温下搅拌过夜。减压除去溶剂,得到的固体粉末用热甲苯萃取以除去LiCl,浓缩,0℃下放置,析出大量晶体,即为所需的硅氨基镧化合物,收率85%。
其他催化剂可参考实施例一得制备方法。
实施例二:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3催化 N-取代靛红、亚磷酸二乙酯和2,3-二芳基环丙烯酮制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物:在经过脱水脱氧处理过的反应瓶中,在氩气保护下在反应瓶中称入[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3(42.2 mg, 0.048 mmol),依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯(37 μL, 0.29 mmol)、 N-乙基-5-氟靛红(56.0 mg, 0.29 mmol)、甲苯(0.4 mL),常温搅拌10分钟,然后加入2,3-二苯基环丙烯酮(50 mg,0.24 mmol)、甲苯(0.6 mL),在110℃下搅拌1.5小时,加水终止反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经硅胶柱快速柱层析(洗脱剂: 乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得到黄色固体产物,产率为82%。
所制得产物的理论分子式以及主要核磁测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
Figure 892665dest_path_image006
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ: 7.33−7.31 (m, 3H), 7.28−7.24 (m, 1H), 7.22−7.11(m, 7H), 6.97−6.92 (m, 1H), 6.45−6.42 (m, 1H), 4.33 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.50 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。
实施例三:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3催化 N-取代靛红、亚磷酸二乙酯和2,3-二芳基环丙烯酮制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物:在经过脱水脱氧处理过的反应瓶中,在氩气保护下在反应瓶中称入[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3(42.2 mg, 0.048 mmol),依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯(37 μL, 0.29 mmol)、 N-乙基-5-氯靛红(60.6 mg, 0.29 mmol)、甲苯(0.4 mL),常温搅拌10分钟,然后加入2,3-二苯基环丙烯酮(50 mg,0.24 mmol)、甲苯(0.6 mL),在110℃下搅拌1.5小时,加水终止反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经硅胶柱快速柱层析(洗脱剂: 乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得到黄色固体产物,产率为95%。
所制得产物的理论分子式以及主要核磁测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
Figure 494548dest_path_image007
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ: 7.35−7.33 (m, 3H), 7.25−7.24 (m, 1H), 7.22−7.12 (m, 8H), 6.72 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.49 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。
将上述催化剂用量调整为0.036mmol,其余不变,产率为90%。
实施例四:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3催化 N-取代靛红、亚磷酸二乙酯和2,3-二芳基环丙烯酮制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物:在经过脱水脱氧处理过的反应瓶中,在氩气保护下在反应瓶中称入[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3(42.2 mg, 0.048 mmol),依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯(37 μL, 0.29 mmol)、 N-乙基-5-溴靛红(73.4 mg, 0.29 mmol)、甲苯(0.4 mL),常温搅拌10分钟,然后加入2,3-二苯基环丙烯酮(50 mg,0.24 mmol)、甲苯(0.6 mL),在110℃下搅拌1.5小时,加水终止反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经硅胶柱快速柱层析(洗脱剂: 乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得到黄色固体产物,产率为84%。
所制得产物的理论分子式以及主要核磁测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
Figure 547954dest_path_image008
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ: 7.37−7.31 (m, 4H), 7.24−7.13 (m, 8H), 6.87 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.50 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。
将上述溶剂调整为氯苯,其余不变,产率为71%。
实施例五:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3催化 N-取代靛红、亚磷酸二乙酯和2,3-二芳基环丙烯酮制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物:在经过脱水脱氧处理过的反应瓶中,在氩气保护下在反应瓶中称入[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3(42.2 mg, 0.048 mmol),依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯(37 μL, 0.29 mmol)、 N-乙基-5-甲基靛红(54.8 mg, 0.29 mmol)、甲苯(0.4 mL),常温搅拌10分钟,然后加入2,3-二苯基环丙烯酮(50 mg,0.24 mmol)、甲苯(0.6 mL),在110℃下搅拌1.5小时,加水终止反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经硅胶柱快速柱层析(洗脱剂: 乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得到黄色固体产物,产率为91%。
所制得产物的理论分子式以及主要核磁测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
Figure 669625dest_path_image009
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ: 7.35−7.31 (m, 3H), 7.25−7.21 (m, 3H), 7.19−7.11 (m , 5H), 7.07−7.04 (m, 1H), 6.56−6.55 (m, 1H), 4.33 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.49 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。
将上述催化剂更换为[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3Yb( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3,其余不变,产率82%。
将上述催化剂更换为NaN (Me 3Si) 2(60mol%),其余不变,产率8%。
实施例六:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3催化 N-取代靛红、亚磷酸二乙酯和2,3-二芳基环丙烯酮制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物:在经过脱水脱氧处理过的反应瓶中,在氩气保护下在反应瓶中称入[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3(42.2 mg, 0.048 mmol),依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯(37 μL, 0.29 mmol)、 N-乙基-5-甲氧基靛红(59.5 mg, 0.29 mmol)、甲苯(0.4 mL),常温搅拌10分钟,然后加入2,3-二苯基环丙烯酮(50 mg,0.24 mmol)、甲苯(0.6 mL),在110℃下搅拌1.5小时,加水终止反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经硅胶柱快速柱层析(洗脱剂: 乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得到黄色固体产物,产率为88%。
所制得产物的理论分子式以及主要核磁测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
Figure 150285dest_path_image010
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ: 7.35−7.32 (m, 3H), 7.25−7.22 (m, 3H), 7.18−7.11 (m, 5H), 6.86−6.83 (m, 1H), 6.22 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 1.49 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。
将上述甲苯用量(0.4 mL+0.6 mL)调整为0.6 mL+0.9 mL,其余不变,产率85%。
实施例七:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3催化 N-取代靛红、亚磷酸二乙酯和2,3-二芳基环丙烯酮制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物:在经过脱水脱氧处理过的反应瓶中,在氩气保护下在反应瓶中称入[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3(42.2 mg, 0.048 mmol),依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯(37 μL, 0.29 mmol)、 N-乙基-4-氯靛红(60.6 mg, 0.29 mmol)、甲苯(0.4 mL),常温搅拌10分钟,然后加入2,3-二苯基环丙烯酮(50 mg,0.24 mmol)、甲苯(0.6 mL),在110℃下搅拌1.5小时,加水终止反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经硅胶柱快速柱层析(洗脱剂: 乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得到黄色固体产物,产率为91%。
所制得产物的理论分子式以及主要核磁测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
Figure 442726dest_path_image011
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ: 7.29−7.27 (m, 1H), 7.18−7.15 (m, 5H), 7.14−7.09 (m, 4H), 7.07−7.04 (m, 3H), 4.39 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。
将上述反应时间调整为3小时,其余不变,产率86%。
实施例八:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3催化 N-取代靛红、亚磷酸二乙酯和2,3-二芳基环丙烯酮制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物:在经过脱水脱氧处理过的反应瓶中,在氩气保护下在反应瓶中称入[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3(42.2 mg, 0.048 mmol),依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯(37 μL, 0.29 mmol)、 N-乙基-6-氯靛红(60.6 mg, 0.29 mmol)、甲苯(0.4 mL),常温搅拌10分钟,然后加入2,3-二苯基环丙烯酮(50 mg,0.24 mmol)、甲苯(0.6 mL),在110℃下搅拌1.5小时,加水终止反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经硅胶柱快速柱层析(洗脱剂: 乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得到黄色固体产物,产率为90%。
所制得产物的理论分子式以及主要核磁测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
Figure 830982dest_path_image012
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ: 7.39−7.34 ( m, 4H), 7.26−7.17 ( m, 7H), 7.00−6.97 (m, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.55 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。
实施例九:[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3催化 N-取代靛红、亚磷酸二乙酯和2,3-二芳基环丙烯酮制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物:在经过脱水脱氧处理过的反应瓶中,在氩气保护下在反应瓶中称入[(Me 3Si) 2N] 3La( m-Cl)Li(THF) 3(42.2 mg, 0.048 mmol),依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯(37 μL, 0.29 mmol)、 N-乙基-7-氯靛红(60.6 mg, 0.29 mmol)、甲苯(0.4 mL),常温搅拌10分钟,然后加入2,3-二苯基环丙烯酮(50 mg,0.24 mmol)、甲苯(0.6 mL),在110℃下搅拌1.5小时,加水终止反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,最后经硅胶柱快速柱层析(洗脱剂: 乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得到黄色固体产物,产率为87%。
所制得产物的理论分子式以及主要核磁测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
Figure 525269dest_path_image013
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ: 7.34−7.32 ( m, 3H), 7.21−7.14 (m, 8H), 6.87−6.84 (m, 1H), 6.61 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.55 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。
吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮骨架含吡喃和吲哚,是药物化学中最重要的结构单元之一,现有技术存在不同制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮骨架的方法,比如:
Figure 707988dest_path_image014
但是现有技术方案还需要进一步改善。本发明以取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮为反应物,以硅氨基稀土化合物为催化剂,在有机溶剂中反应制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物,无需其他试剂与步骤,即得到本发明的产物,经过常规提纯,得到纯化产物,步骤简单,产物可溶解于有机溶剂且稳定性好。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种催化制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:在无水无氧条件下,以取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮为反应物,以硅氨基稀土化合物为催化剂,在有机溶剂中反应制备吡喃并[2,3- b]-吲哚-2-酮化合物;
    所述硅氨基稀土化合物的化学结构式如下所示:
    Figure 992793dest_path_image001
     
    其中,Ln为正三价的稀土金属离子;
    所述取代靛红的化学结构通式如下:
    Figure 3474dest_path_image002
    其中,R 2选自4-氯、5-氯、5-氟、5-溴、5-甲基、5-甲氧基、6-氯、7-氯中的一种;
    所述环丙烯酮的化学结构通式如下:
    Figure 971430dest_path_image003
    其中,Ar为苯基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述催化制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯、甲苯、正己烷中的一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述催化制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述Ln为镧;所述亚磷酸酯为亚磷酸二乙酯;所述无水无氧条件为惰性气氛条件。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述催化制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法,其特征在于:按照摩尔比计,取代靛红∶亚磷酸酯∶环丙烯酮∶催化剂=(1~1.5)∶(1~1.5)∶1∶(0.15~0.2)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述催化制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述反应的温度为100~120℃;反应的时间为1~3小时。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述催化制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述反应的温度为110℃;反应的时间为1.5小时。
  7. 硅氨基稀土化合物在制备吡喃并[2,3- b]吲哚-2-酮化合物中的应用;所述硅氨基稀土化合物的化学结构式如下所示:
    Figure 598721dest_path_image004
    其中,Ln为正三价的稀土金属离子;
    所述吡喃并[2,3- b]-吲哚-2-酮化合物的化学结构式如下所示:
    Figure 841483dest_path_image005
    其中,R 2选自4-氯、5-氯、5-氟、5-溴、5-甲基、5-甲氧基、6-氯、7-氯中的一种;Ar为苯基。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,以取代靛红、亚磷酸酯和环丙烯酮为反应物,以硅氨基稀土化合物为催化剂,在有机溶剂中反应制备吡喃并[2,3- b]-吲哚-2-酮化合物。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,按照摩尔比计,催化剂的用量为环丙烯酮的15%~20%。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯、甲苯、正己烷中的一种。
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WANG LU, ZHIGANG YAO, FAN XU, QI SHEN: "Lanthanide amides [(Me3Si)2N]3Ln(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3-catalyzed phospho-aldol-brook rearrangement reaction of dialkyl phosphites with isatins", HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, vol. 23, no. 5, 10 August 2012 (2012-08-10), pages 449 - 456, XP055964892, DOI: 10.1002/hc.21036 *
XU JUNYU, CAO JING, FANG CHAO, LU TAO, DU DING: "Organocatalytic C–C bond activation of cyclopropenones for ring-opening formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition with isatins", ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS, vol. 4, no. 4, 20 November 2017 (2017-11-20), pages 560 - 564, XP055964893, DOI: 10.1039/C6QO00734A *

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