WO2022186289A1 - 電池ユニット - Google Patents
電池ユニット Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022186289A1 WO2022186289A1 PCT/JP2022/008929 JP2022008929W WO2022186289A1 WO 2022186289 A1 WO2022186289 A1 WO 2022186289A1 JP 2022008929 W JP2022008929 W JP 2022008929W WO 2022186289 A1 WO2022186289 A1 WO 2022186289A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- flame
- resistant fiber
- flame resistant
- cell unit
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012210 heat-resistant fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 carbonate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- FPJNQQRSBJPGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-nitropropane Chemical compound ClCC(C)[N+]([O-])=O FPJNQQRSBJPGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009782 nail-penetration test Methods 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
- H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/121—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
- H01M50/133—Thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to batteries, battery units, and the like.
- Electricity storage devices such as lithium-ion secondary batteries are widely used in mobile devices, tools, construction machinery, automobiles, ships, railways, aircraft, etc. Batteries are known to suffer from thermal runaway due to damage, internal short circuit, external stress, etc., which can cause failures such as fire, smoke, explosion, and deterioration.
- high-output batteries such as vehicles are installed, not only single cells (sometimes called cells) but also assembled batteries containing multiple cells (cell units, cell stacks, cell assemblies, power storage modules, cell packs, etc.) , battery packs, etc.) are also used.
- cell units there is a concern that the above-described defects related to one cell may extend to adjacent cells or to the cell unit exterior.
- the safety standards for lithium-ion secondary batteries require a general flame resistance test. In the similar flame resistance test, in order to suppress the occurrence of defects, measures are being considered to make it difficult for the heat of a cell in a state of thermal runaway or an abnormally high temperature to be transmitted to other surrounding cells or an exterior body.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a resin molded body containing a resin and expansive graphite is attached to a cell together with an adhesive, or arranged between adjacent cells in a cell unit.
- Patent Document 2 describes that a heat-resistant heat-insulating sheet containing inorganic fibers and clay minerals is laminated on the outermost layer of a cell stack or arranged between multiple cells in a cell unit.
- Patent Document 3 describes a fireproof sheet comprising a base material containing glass fibers and wet heat adhesive binder fibers, and an inorganic particle layer, and also proposes a cell pack containing it.
- non-woven fabric fibers are impregnated with a basic sol prepared by adding a carbonate ester to a water glass composition to form a hydrogel-non-woven fabric composite, and the liquid contained in the composite is removed by drying. It is described that a heat insulating sheet is manufactured by the method, and the manufactured heat insulating sheet is disposed between an electronic component that generates heat and a housing.
- Resin moldings containing resins, graphite, clay minerals, etc., such as resin sheets, are difficult to handle, productivity, and productivity due to their weight when incorporated into cells or cell units, in the manufacture of cells or cell units, and in post-processing processes. Or it may impair the battery characteristics.
- Refractory/insulating sheets containing inorganic fibers, such as glass fibers, or inorganic materials, such as glass materials may melt in cells, cell units, or cell stacks under conditions of thermal runaway or abnormally high temperatures due to the melt viscosity of the inorganic fibers. I have something to do.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a cell and a cell unit that have similar flame prevention properties while ensuring battery characteristics.
- ⁇ 1> A cell characterized in that at least a portion of the cell surface is covered with flame resistant fibers, the flame resistant fibers being in direct contact with and/or remote from the cell surface.
- ⁇ 2> A cell according to item 1, wherein the entire cell is covered with the flame resistant fiber.
- ⁇ 3> A cell according to item 1, wherein said cell is partially covered by said flame resistant fiber.
- ⁇ 4> A cell according to item 1, wherein said cell is directly covered by said flame resistant fiber.
- ⁇ 5> A cell according to item 1, wherein said cell is indirectly covered by said flame resistant fiber.
- the flame resistant fiber is in the form of the felt, and the felt has a thickness of 1-10 mm, a basis weight of 100-600 g/m 2 and a bulk density of 55-90 kg/m 3 . cell.
- the flame resistant fiber is an organic fiber having flame retardancy, heat resistance, and flame resistance.
- a cell unit characterized in that an assembly of a plurality of cells is covered with flame resistant fibers.
- a cell unit according to item 11, wherein the flame resistant fiber is sandwiched between the plurality of cells.
- said cell unit includes a plurality of said assemblies, and wherein said flame resistant fiber is sandwiched between said plurality of assemblies.
- the flame resistant fiber is an organic fiber having flame retardancy, heat resistance, and flame resistance.
- the term "cell” refers to a unit cell, and is the minimum structural unit of a battery in which a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a separator, a positive electrode terminal, a negative electrode terminal, and the like are housed in an outer package.
- the term “assembly” refers to an assembly of multiple cells
- the term “cell unit” refers to an assembled battery that includes the assembly.
- the assembly and the cell unit may optionally include members such as electrical connection cables and lead tabs electrically connected to the cells.
- flame-resistant fiber refers to a fiber obtained by heat-treating organic fiber in an oxidizing atmosphere, and is sometimes called oxidized fiber or non-melting fiber. Flame resistant fibers are obtained, for example, in the first or upstream step of the flameproofing step in the carbon fiber manufacturing process.
- the term “coating” refers to at least a portion of the surface of an object being covered with another object, regardless of whether the object and another object are in direct contact. Covering the surface of an object wholly, continuously, regularly, irregularly, or periodically.
- general flame refers to flames that spread from other fire sources around the target to the target, and is also called “inherited fire”.
- “Spreading fire” refers to burning an object due to spreading flames.
- “Spread of fire” means that a fire that originates from a target spreads to the surroundings of the target.
- a cell is provided, characterized in that at least a portion of the cell surface is covered with flame resistant fibers, the flame resistant fibers being in direct contact with and/or remote from the cell surface.
- a cell in which at least a portion of the cell surface is directly or indirectly covered with a flame-resistant fiber not only improves the flame resistance of the cell itself, but also ensures battery characteristics such as output characteristics, capacity characteristics, and cycle stability.
- From surrounding members such as other surrounding cells or cell units, exterior bodies, electrodes, electrolytes or liquid electrolytes, electrode terminals, cables, housings or connection terminals of power storage modules, electronic devices, tools, vehicles, etc. It is possible to prevent or suppress the spread of fire to surrounding members with a similar flame or a cell as a fire source.
- a cell unit in a second embodiment, characterized in that the assembly of cells is covered with flame resistant fibers.
- An assembly in which the cell unit is directly or indirectly covered with flame-resistant fibers not only improves the flame resistance of the cell unit itself, but also protects the surrounding environment while ensuring battery characteristics such as output characteristics, capacity characteristics, and cycle stability.
- Materials such as surrounding cells, separate assemblies or separate cell units, outer bodies, electrodes, electrolytes or electrolytes, electrode terminals, cables, housings or connection terminals of storage modules, electronic devices, tools, vehicles, etc. It is possible to prevent or suppress the spread of fire to surrounding members with a similar flame from the original or a cell as a fire source.
- the cell includes an exterior body, at least a pair of positive and negative electrodes housed in the exterior body, and optionally at least one selected from the group consisting of a positive electrode terminal, a negative electrode terminal, a separator, an electrolyte, and an electrolytic solution. OK.
- Examples of cells include lithium-ion secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-iron batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, lead-acid batteries, air batteries, and all-solid-state batteries. Secondary batteries such as batteries and all-resin batteries can be mentioned, and among them, lithium-ion secondary batteries are preferable from the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention.
- the cell has the following (c1) to (c5): (c1) A configuration in which the entire cell is covered with flame-resistant fiber, for example, an embodiment in which the cell is wrapped with a molded body of flame-resistant fiber, or an embodiment in which the entire cell exterior body contains flame-resistant fiber; (c2) A configuration in which the cells are partially covered with flame-resistant fibers, for example, as a mode in which the flame-resistant fibers cover only a part of the cells, only one surface of the cells is covered with a flame-resistant fiber molding, between a plurality of adjacent cells.
- flame resistant fiber In the first or second embodiment, at least a portion of the cell surfaces or at least a portion of the assembly is covered with flame resistant fibers.
- the flame resistant fibers can be wholly, partially, continuously, regularly, irregularly, or periodically arranged with respect to the cell surface or assembly. Above all, from the viewpoint of efficiently exhibiting the effects of the present invention, it is preferable that the entire cell or assembly is wrapped with the flame-resistant fiber molding.
- the flame resistant fiber may be in direct contact with the cell surface or assembly outer surface, or may be spaced apart from the cell surface or assembly as long as it can cover the cell surface or assembly. There may also be another cell, another assembly, a connecting piece, an adhesive or a binder material between the flame resistant fiber and the coated surface.
- flame-resistant fibers are nonflammable or non-melting in the air, and are a type of fire-resistant organic fiber.
- the flame resistant fiber may have heat resistance, chemical resistance, flexibility, light weight, soft touch, insulating properties, etc., as desired.
- the flame-resistant fiber organic fibers having flame retardancy, heat resistance, and flame-retardant properties are preferable from the viewpoint of preventing fire from spreading or spreading.
- Organic fibers with chemical properties are preferred.
- the flame resistant fiber preferably has a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 40 or more measured according to JIS K7201, preferably within the range of 50 to 60. more preferred.
- LOI limiting oxygen index
- the specific gravity of the flame resistant fibers is preferably 1.2 to 1.6, more preferably 1.3 to 1.5, based on the density of water. , 1.4 ⁇ 0.5.
- the bending resistance of the molded product is measured using a cantilever-type bending resistance tester according to JIS L 1096, JIS L 1912, or JIS L 1913.
- the nonwoven or felt is preferably 50-150 mm, more preferably 60-120 mm.
- the raw material of the organic fiber is not limited, but for example, a thermally carbonizable polymer that becomes carbon when fired can be used.
- thermally carbonizable polymers examples include acrylic resins such as polyacrylonitrile, cellulose, phenolic resins, PBO resins such as polyparaphenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO), aromatic polyamide (aramid) resins, epoxy resins, and pitch resins. etc. can be used as raw materials. These are used as raw materials in the carbon fiber manufacturing process, and are oxidized/stabilized by heat-treating the above raw material fibers in an oxidizing atmosphere such as air at a temperature range of 200 to 400 ° C. It becomes synthetic fiber. Fibers made from oxidized/stabilized acrylic resins are particularly preferred in the present invention.
- the flame resistant fiber has the following formula (I): ⁇ In the formula, n is an integer of 1 or more. ⁇ and more preferably as a repeating unit (where n ⁇ 2 in formula (I)).
- the repeating unit of the flame resistant structure represented by formula (I) may be included in the flame resistant fiber as random or block, and may be included in the thermally carbonizable polymer described above as random or block.
- the preferred atomic composition (mol%) of the flame-resistant fiber containing the repeating unit of the flame-resistant structure represented by the above formula (I) is 60 to 65% carbon atoms (C), 1 to 5% hydrogen atoms (H), Nitrogen atom (N) 16 to 24% and oxygen atom (O) 10 to 18%, more preferable atomic composition (mol%) is C61 to 64%, H2 to 4%, N18 to 22%, and O 12-16%.
- the flame-resistant fiber having a repeating unit of the flame-resistant structure represented by the above formula (I) is not limited. Furthermore, if necessary, it is obtained by carbonization so as to obtain a predetermined atomic composition.
- the flame-resistant fiber is preferably in the form of sheet, papermaking, woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, or felt from the viewpoint of wrapping a cell or assembly with a molded body of flame-resistant fiber, and is preferably in the form of sheet, non-woven fabric, or felt. is more preferred, and it is even more preferred that it is in the form of felt.
- the sheet in the present invention is a fabric coated with silicon.
- the felt in the present invention is a kind of nonwoven fabric, and is obtained by entangling and integrating fibers by a treatment such as needle punching or columnar flow punching (spunlace) for entangling fibers.
- the dimensions of the sheet, paper, woven, knitted, nonwoven or felt of flame resistant fibers can be determined according to the covering area of the cell or assembly and the covering means.
- Fiber structures such as sheets, papermaking, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and felts made of flame-resistant fibers can also be obtained by processing the above-described oxidized/stabilized flame-resistant fibers into the shape of a fiber structure. It can also be obtained by heat-treating the raw material fiber after making it into a fiber structure. According to this method, the entire fiber structure is in contact with the heated air, and the individual fibers forming the fiber structure are made flame-resistant. - will be flame resistant.
- the sheet made of flame-resistant fiber preferably has a thickness of 0.6 to 1.2 mm, more preferably 0.7 to 1.1 mm, and/or It preferably has a basis weight of 350-830 g/m 2 , more preferably 380-800 g/m 2 .
- the fabric made of flame-resistant fibers preferably has a thickness of 0.5 to 1.1 mm, more preferably 0.6 to 1.0 mm, and/or It preferably has a basis weight of 200-500 g/m 2 , more preferably 250-450 g/m 2 .
- papermaking, woven fabric, knitted fabric, felt or non-woven fabric made of flame-resistant fibers be silicon-coated by a method such as sputtering, knife coater, or rotary screen.
- Fabrics made of flame-resistant fibers can be produced, for example, by forming a sheet of flame-resistant fibers obtained by oxidizing/stabilizing acrylic fibers at 200 to 400°C in air, or by weaving flame-resistant fibers and optionally coating them with silicone. can get.
- the paper made from flame-resistant fibers preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm, and/or It preferably has a basis weight of 10 to 300 g/m 2 , more preferably 10 to 150 g/m 2 .
- Paper made from flame-resistant fibers is obtained by, for example, oxidizing/stabilizing acrylic fibers in the air at 200 to 400° C. in a paper-making process including raw material preparation, paper making, processing, finishing, etc., and desired It is obtained by making a paper raw material containing other pulp raw materials, and optionally coating the paper with silicone. Alternatively, the papermaking may be obtained by making a paper stock comprising pre-silicone coated flame resistant fibers and optionally other pulp stocks.
- the nonwoven fabric made of flame-resistant fibers preferably has a thickness of 0.4 to 0.9 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 0.8 mm, from the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention.
- the nonwoven fabric made of flame-resistant fibers preferably has a basis weight of 30 to 90 g/m 2 , more preferably 40 to 80 g/m 2 , from the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention.
- the nonwoven fabric made of flame resistant fibers preferably has any combination of the thickness and basis weight described above.
- the nonwoven fabric made of flame-resistant fibers may be attached with a binder material, and may be attached with a form-stable resin such as acrylic resin by dipping, spraying, coating, or the like. Also good.
- the felt made of flame-resistant fibers preferably has a thickness of 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 8 mm, and even more preferably 2 to 6 mm. .
- the felt made of flame-resistant fibers preferably has a basis weight of 100 to 600 g/m 2 , more preferably 110 to 550 g/m 2 , more preferably 130 to 500 g/m 2 . It is even more preferred to have a basis weight of 2 .
- the felt made of flame-resistant fibers preferably has a bulk density of 55 to 90 kg/m 3 , more preferably 58 to 86 kg/m 3 , more preferably 60 to 82 kg/m 3 , from the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention. It is even more preferred to have a bulk density of / m3 .
- the felt made of flame-resistant fibers preferably has a volume resistivity of 10 8 to 10 12 ⁇ cm as measured by JIS K 6911. More preferably, it has a volume resistivity of 10 ⁇ cm.
- the felt made of flame-resistant fibers preferably has any combination of the thickness, basis weight, and bulk density described above.
- Non-woven fabric or felt made of flame-resistant fibers can be obtained, for example, by forming flame-resistant fibers obtained by oxidizing acrylic fibers in the air at 200 to 400° C. into a cloth by needle punching or spunlacing. Alternatively, it can be obtained by fabricating acrylic fibers by needlepunching or spunlacing and then oxidizing/stabilizing them in air at 200-400°C. At this time, the properties can be appropriately adjusted by appropriately controlling the conditions for oxidizing the fibers, the conditions for entangling the fibers with needles, and the like.
- heat-resistant fiber moldings include, but are not limited to, sputter sheets from Asahi Kasei Advance Co., Ltd.'s "Lastan (registered trademark)” series, and Asahi Kasei Advance Co., Ltd.'s “New Lastan (registered trademark)” series. nonwoven fabric (TOP 5150Z, etc.) or felt (TOP 8150Z, etc.).
- the "Lastan (registered trademark)” series sputtered sheet or the “Nulastan (registered trademark)” series nonwoven fabric or felt has a flameproof structure represented by the above formula (I) from the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention. It is preferably made of a flame resistant fiber having repeating units.
- the "Lastan (registered trademark)" series sputtered sheet from the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention, it is preferable to have a thickness of 0.7 to 1.1 mm and a basis weight of 380 to 800 g / m 2 and/or preferably have a volume resistivity of 10 8 to 10 10 ⁇ cm when measured according to JIS K 6911.
- nonwoven fabrics of the "Neulastan (registered trademark)" series from the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention, it is preferable to have a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm and a basis weight of 40 to 80 g / m 2 and/or preferably have a volume resistivity of 10 8 to 10 10 ⁇ cm when measured according to JIS K 6911.
- the "NEULASTAN (registered trademark)" series felt from the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention, it preferably has a thickness of 2 to 6 mm, and preferably has a basis weight of 130 to 500 g/m 2 . and/or preferably has a volume resistivity of 10 8 to 10 10 ⁇ cm when measured according to JIS K 6911.
- Means for covering the cell or assembly with flame resistant fibers include, but are not limited to, adhesion, connection, fitting, engagement, spraying, contact electrification, triboelectrification, flocking, wrapping, wrapping, lining of the outer body or housing, or Various techniques such as wrapping, folding, casting, printing, encapsulation, etc. may be used.
- the nonwoven fabric or felt wraps the cell or assembly, the nonwoven fabric or felt is arranged as the lining or outer lining of the exterior body or housing, or the nonwoven fabric or felt is used as the cell or body. It may be inserted into or attached to the assembly, and it does not matter whether the sealing is completed. Since the flame resistant fiber itself may be insulative, when the cell or assembly is covered by the flame resistant fiber, terminals, cables or tabs for electrical integration or connection may be exposed.
- a positive electrode generally includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material-containing layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the dimensions of the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode material-containing layer can be determined according to the cell shape.
- a metal material that is difficult to elute during charging and discharging may be used.
- aluminum foil is preferable when the cell is a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the positive electrode material-containing layer can be disposed on one side or both sides of the current collector, can be formed in a single layer or multiple layers on the current collector, and/or can be formed on the entire surface of the current collector or in a pattern shape. can be placed in
- positive electrode materials include, but are not limited to, LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , spinel-type LiMnO 4 , olivine-type LiFePO 4 , and lithium-containing composite oxides such as lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxides.
- the positive electrode material-containing layer may also contain a binder material and/or a conductive aid in addition to the positive electrode material.
- a positive terminal can be formed to electrically integrate the positive electrode and an external power source.
- the positive electrode terminal may be made of the same material as the positive electrode current collector, and may be connected to the positive electrode current collector, integrally molded with the positive electrode current collector, or configured as an end portion of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode terminal and the lead tab connected to the positive electrode terminal constitute the positive lead body, and may be connected to the positive current collector.
- a negative electrode generally includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material-containing layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector.
- the dimensions of the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode material-containing layer can be determined according to the cell shape.
- a metal material that is unlikely to be eluted during charging and discharging may be used.
- copper foil is preferable when the cell is a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the negative electrode material-containing layer can be arranged on one side or both sides of the current collector, can be formed in a single layer or multiple layers on the current collector, and/or can be formed on the entire surface of the current collector or in a pattern shape. can be placed in
- the negative electrode material is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include carbon materials such as graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, and composite carbon; silicon, tin, metallic lithium, and various alloy materials. .
- the negative electrode material-containing layer may also contain a binder material and/or a conductive aid in addition to the negative electrode material.
- a negative terminal can be formed to electrically integrate the negative electrode and an external power source.
- the negative electrode terminal may be made of the same material as the negative electrode current collector, and may be connected to the negative electrode current collector, integrally molded with the negative electrode current collector, or configured as an end portion of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode terminal and the lead tab connected to the negative electrode terminal constitute the negative lead body, and may be connected to the negative current collector.
- the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent can be used.
- the electrolytic solution is preferably non-aqueous (however, the content of water as an unavoidable impurity is not excluded).
- Organic solvents include, for example, carbonate-based solvents such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, or mixtures thereof.
- Examples of electrolytes include lithium salts such as LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 and LiPF 6 .
- the cell preferably has a separator between the positive and negative electrodes from the viewpoint of safety such as short-circuit prevention of the positive and negative electrodes and shutdown.
- separators provided in known non-aqueous secondary batteries may be used, and from the viewpoint of ion permeability and mechanical strength, it is preferable to use an insulating thin film.
- separators include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, synthetic resin microporous membranes, etc. Among these, synthetic resin microporous membranes are preferred. Alternatively, it is an aspect of the invention to use as a separator a non-woven fabric or felt made from the flame resistant fibers described above.
- the synthetic resin microporous membrane for example, a microporous membrane containing polyethylene or polypropylene as a main component, or a polyolefin microporous membrane such as a microporous membrane containing both of these polyolefins is used.
- nonwoven fabrics include porous membranes made of heat-resistant resin such as glass, ceramic, polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, liquid crystal polyester, and aramid.
- the separator may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers of one type of microporous membrane, or may be composed of a laminate of two or more types of microporous membranes.
- the separator may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers using a mixed resin material obtained by melting and kneading two or more resin materials.
- the exterior body accommodates materials involved in charge and discharge of the cell, such as positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator, positive electrode terminal, negative electrode terminal, electrolyte, electrolytic solution, and the like.
- the shape of the cell that is, the shape of the outer package
- the shape of the cell is classified into cylindrical, prismatic, and laminated.
- flame resistant fibers are preferably arranged inside and/or outside the exterior body.
- a fiber structure such as a sheet, paper, woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, or felt made of the flame-resistant fiber described above is attached to the exterior body as an inner lining and/or an outer lining of the exterior body.
- the textile structure may be wholly or partly in direct contact with the materials involved in the charging and discharging of the cell, or it may be remote from the materials involved in the charging and discharging of the cell. good.
- the positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator, positive electrode terminal, negative electrode terminal, insulating material, gas discharge valve, gasket, positive electrode cap, etc. can be accommodated in the cylindrical can.
- Cylindrical outer casings such as cylindrical cans have a fibrous structure made of the flame resistant fiber described above from the viewpoint of passing the thermal insulation runaway test. It is preferably partially inserted or applied.
- a rectangular exterior body such as a square can has a fiber structure made of the flame-resistant fiber described above, for example, wholly or partially on the inside and/or the outside of at least one surface of the square exterior body.
- it is preferably arranged as an explosion-proof valve cover so as to cover the valve on the surface on which the valve is formed.
- Cylindrical cans or square cans are made of known materials, for example, made of metal materials such as stainless steel (SUS), iron, aluminum, or alloys thereof. can be done.
- SUS stainless steel
- the positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator, positive electrode terminal, negative electrode terminal, etc. can be housed in the outer film.
- the exterior film include an aluminum film laminated with a polyethylene terephthalate film.
- the materials involved in the charging and discharging of the cell can be housed in a pouch made of the same material as the exterior film, and from the viewpoint of explosion protection, it is made of the flame resistant fiber described above.
- the fibrous structure is arranged inside and/or outside the pouch.
- a method for sealing the exterior body in the case of a cylindrical can or square can, a method such as engaging, welding, screwing or screwing the can and lid can be used, and in the case of a laminated packaging material, heat sealing, Methods such as impulse sealing can be used.
- a cell unit according to the second embodiment can be obtained by coating the assembly with a flame resistant fiber.
- a single or multiple cells, a single or multiple cell units, or a combination thereof can be housed in a housing to form a power storage module.
- a cell pack or a battery pack can be configured by housing a plurality of power storage modules in a housing.
- the cell units are the following (u1) to (u6): (u1) A configuration in which the entire assembly or the entire cell unit is covered with flame-resistant fibers, for example, a mode in which the entire power storage module is covered with flame-resistant fibers or a molded product thereof, or a mode in which the entire battery pack is covered with flame-resistant fibers or a molded product thereof.
- an aspect in which the entire casing contains flame-resistant fibers an aspect in which the entire outer surface of the casing is covered with flame-resistant fibers or a molded product thereof, and the like;
- (u2) A configuration in which the assembly or cell unit is partially covered with flame-resistant fibers, for example, covering only a portion of the housing with a flame-resistant fiber molding, or integrally molding the flame-resistant fibers with a portion of the housing; Sandwiching a flame-resistant fiber or a molded body thereof between a plurality of adjacent cells in one storage module, sandwiching a flame-resistant fiber or a molded body thereof between a plurality of adjacent modules in one battery pack, curve of a cylindrical housing Covering only the part with flame resistant fiber or its molded product, etc.; (u3) A configuration in which the assembly or cell unit is directly covered by the flame resistant fiber, for example, an embodiment in which a multi-cell assembly is in direct contact with the flame resistant fiber, as a housing lining for a power storage module or battery pack Examples include inserting or attaching
- Inserting or pasting, etc. (u5) A configuration in which the cell unit includes a plurality of assemblies, and a flame-resistant fiber is sandwiched between the plurality of assemblies, for example, a flame-resistant fiber or molding thereof between a plurality of power storage modules individually housed in a housing. Inserting or attaching a body, inserting or attaching flame resistant fiber or its molding between multiple battery packs individually housed in a housing, etc.; Enclosed configuration with flame resistant fibers located inside and/or outside the housing; It is preferable to have at least one configuration represented by
- a plurality of cells according to the first embodiment may be used to form an assembly, and the formed assembly may be further covered with a heat resistant fiber.
- the cell unit according to the second embodiment and a cell or assembly not covered with heat-resistant fibers may be combined and further covered with heat-resistant fibers.
- one or more cells according to the first embodiment are prepared, combined with the cell unit according to the second embodiment and/or cells or assemblies not covered with heat-resistant fibers, and further heat-resistant fibers may be coated with
- the assembly or cell unit can be housed in a housing.
- the housing may be formed of the same material, shape, and manufacturing method as the exterior body of the cell described above, and from the viewpoint of mountability as a power storage module, cell pack, or battery pack, a rectangular or cylindrical shape is preferable. A rectangular shape is more preferable.
- flame-resistant fibers are preferably placed inside and/or outside the housing.
- a fiber structure such as a sheet, paper, woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, or felt made of the flame-resistant fiber described above is attached to the housing as the lining and/or the outer lining of the housing.
- the textile structure may be in direct contact, wholly or partially, with the single cell or multi-cell assembly, or may be separate from the single cell or multi-cell assembly.
- the textile structure can be arranged as an explosion-proof valve cover on the housing surface on which the valve is formed so as to cover the valve, and can form part of the housing. and/or may be integrally molded with the housing.
- a power storage module, cell pack, or battery pack including the cell according to the first embodiment and/or the cell unit according to the second embodiment can prevent similar flames or spread of fire in a safety test such as a nail penetration test. Therefore, it can be used in fields requiring fire resistance, heat resistance, anti-combustion properties, etc., and can be mounted in, for example, mobile devices, vehicles, construction machines, and tools.
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Abstract
Description
<1>
セル表面の少なくとも一部分が耐炎繊維により覆われていて、該耐炎繊維は、該セル表面と直接接触し、かつ/又は該セル表面から離れていることを特徴とするセル。
<2>
前記セルの全体が前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、項目1に記載のセル。
<3>
前記セルが部分的に前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、項目1に記載のセル。
<4>
前記セルが前記耐炎繊維により直接的に覆われている、項目1に記載のセル。
<5>
前記セルが前記耐炎繊維により間接的に覆われている、項目1に記載のセル。
<6>
前記セルの外装体の内側及び/又は外側に前記耐炎繊維が配置されている、項目1~5のいずれか1項に記載のセル。
<7>
前記耐炎繊維が、シート、抄紙、織物、編物、不織布又はフェルトの形態である、項目1~6のいずれか1項に記載のセル。
<8>
前記耐炎繊維が、前記フェルトの形態であり、かつ前記フェルトは、1~10mmの厚み、100~600g/m2の目付け、及び55~90kg/m3のかさ密度を有する、項目7に記載のセル。
<9>
前記耐炎繊維が、難燃性、耐熱性、及び類炎防止性を有する有機繊維である、項目1~8のいずれか1項に記載のセル。
<10>
項目1~9のいずれか1項に記載のセルの複数のアセンブリが、前記耐炎繊維により被覆されている、セルユニット。
<11>
複数のセルのアセンブリが耐炎繊維により覆われていることを特徴とするセルユニット。
<12>
前記アセンブリの全体又は前記セルユニットの全体が前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、項目11に記載のセルユニット。
<13>
前記アセンブリ又は前記セルユニットが部分的に前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、項目11に記載のセルユニット。
<14>
前記アセンブリ又は前記セルユニットが前記耐炎繊維により直接的に覆われている、項目11に記載のセルユニット。
<15>
前記複数のセルの間に前記耐炎繊維が挟まれている、項目11に記載のセルユニット。
<16>
前記セルユニットが、前記アセンブリを複数含み、かつ該複数のアセンブリの間に前記耐炎繊維が挟まれている、項目11に記載のセルユニット。
<17>
前記アセンブリ又は前記セルユニットが筐体内に収納されており、かつ該筐体の内側及び/又は外側に前記耐炎繊維が配置されている、項目11~16のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニット。
<18>
前記耐炎繊維が、シート、抄紙、織物、編物、不織布又はフェルトの形態である、項目11~17のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニット。
<19>
前記耐炎繊維が、前記フェルトの形態であり、かつ前記フェルトは、1~10mmの厚み、100~600g/m2の目付け、及び55~90kg/m3のかさ密度を有する、項目18に記載のセルユニット。
<20>
前記耐炎繊維が、難燃性、耐熱性、及び類炎防止性を有する有機繊維である、項目11~19のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニット。
<21>
単数のセル又は複数のセルのアセンブリと、項目11~20のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニットとが、前記耐炎繊維により被覆されている、セルユニット。
<22>
項目1~9のいずれか1項に記載のセルと、項目10~20のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニットとが、前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、セルユニット。
本明細書において、「セル」とは、単電池を指し、正極材、負極材、セパレータ、正極端子、負極端子等が外装体に収容された電池の最小構成単位である。
第一の実施形態では、セルが提供され、セル表面の少なくとも一部分が耐炎繊維により覆われていて、耐炎繊維はセル表面と直接接触し、かつ/又はセル表面から離れていることを特徴とする。セル表面の少なくとも一部分が耐炎繊維により直接又は間接的に覆われたセルは、出力特性、容量特性、サイクル安定性などの電池特性を確保しながら、セルそのものの耐炎性を向上させるだけでなく、周囲の部材、例えば、周囲の別のセル又はセルユニット、外装体、電極、電解質又は電解液、電極端子、ケーブル、蓄電モジュールの筐体又は接続端子、電子機器、工具、乗り物などの火元からの類炎、又はセルを火元として周囲の部材への延焼を、防止又は抑制することができる。
第二の実施形態では、セルユニットが提供され、複数のセルのアセンブリが耐炎繊維により覆われていることを特徴とする。セルユニットにおいて耐炎繊維により直接又は間接的に覆われたアセンブリは、出力特性、容量特性、サイクル安定性などの電池特性を確保しながら、セルユニットそのものの耐炎性を向上させるだけでなく、周囲の部材、例えば、周囲のセル、別のアセンブリ又は別のセルユニット、外装体、電極、電解質又は電解液、電極端子、ケーブル、蓄電モジュールの筐体又は接続端子、電子機器、工具、乗り物などの火元からの類炎、又はセルを火元として周囲の部材への延焼を、防止又は抑制することができる。
セルは、外装体と、外装体に収納された少なくとも一対の正負極とを含み、所望により、正極端子、負極端子、セパレータ、電解質、及び電解液から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つを含んでよい。
(c1)セル全体が耐炎繊維により覆われている構成、例えば、耐炎繊維の成形体によりセルが包装され、又はセル外装体の全体が耐炎繊維を含む態様など;
(c2)セルが部分的に耐炎繊維により覆われている構成、例えば、耐炎繊維がセルの一部分だけを覆う態様として、耐炎繊維の成形体によりセル片面だけを覆うこと、複数の隣接セルの間に耐炎繊維の成形体を挟むこと、セルの円筒型外装体の曲線部だけを耐炎繊維の成形体により覆うこと等が挙げられる;
(c3)セルが耐炎繊維により直接的に覆われている構成、例えば、正極材、負極材、セパレータ、正極端子、負極端子、電解質などのセルの充放電に関与する材料が、耐炎繊維又はその成形体と直接接触している態様;
(c4)セルが耐炎繊維により間接的に覆われている構成、例えば、セルの充放電に関与する材料が、耐炎繊維又はその成形体と直接接触していない態様であり、セル外装体の外側に耐炎繊維又はその成形体を配置すること、耐炎繊維の成形体とセルとの間に非耐炎性部材を挟むこと、充放電に関与する材料が外装体に収納された複数セルの間に耐炎繊維又はその成形体を挿入すること等が挙げられる;並びに
(c5)セル外装体の内側及び/又は外側に耐炎繊維が配置されている構成;
で表される少なくとも1つの構成を有することが好ましい。
第一又は第二の実施形態では、セル表面の少なくとも一部分、又はアセンブリの少なくとも一部分が、耐炎繊維により覆われる。耐炎繊維は、セル表面又はアセンブリに対して、全面的に、部分的に、連続的に、規則的に、不規則に、又は周期的に配置されることができる。中でも、本発明の効果を効率よく発揮するという観点からは、セル又はアセンブリの全体が、耐炎繊維の成形体により包まれていることが好ましい。
で表される耐炎化構造を含むことが好ましく、繰り返し単位(式(I)中、n≧2)として含むことがより好ましい。
正極は、一般に正極集電体と、正極集電体上に配置された正極材料含有層とを備える。正極集電体と正極材料含有層の寸法は、セル形状に応じて決定されることができる。正極集電体としては、充放電時に溶出し難い金属材料を使用してよく、例えば、セルがリチウムイオン二次電池の場合はアルミニウム箔が好ましい。
正極端子は、正極と外部電源を電気的に統合するために形成されることができる。また、正極端子は、正極集電体と同じ材料でもよく、正極集電体に接続されたり、正極集電体と一体成型されたり、正極集電体の端部として構成されたりすることができる。また、正極端子、及び正極端子と接続するリードタブが、正極リード体を構成し、正極集電体に接続されることもできる。
負極は、一般に負極集電体と、負極集電体上に配置された負極材料含有層とを備える。負極集電体と負極材料含有層の寸法は、セル形状に応じて決定されることができる。負極集電体としては、充放電時に溶出し難い金属材料を使用してよく、例えば、セルがリチウムイオン二次電池の場合は銅箔が好ましい。
負極端子は、負極と外部電源を電気的に統合するために形成されることができる。また、負極端子は、負極集電体と同じ材料でもよく、負極集電体に接続されたり、負極集電体と一体成型されたり、負極集電体の端部として構成されたりすることができる。また、負極端子、及び負極端子と接続するリードタブが、負極リード体を構成し、負極集電体に接続されることもできる。
電解液としては、特に限定されないが、電解質を有機溶媒に溶解した電解液を用いることができる。電解液は、非水系(ただし、不可避的不純物としての水の含有を除外しない)であることが好ましい。有機溶媒としては、例えば、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、又はそれらの混合物などのカーボネート系溶媒が挙げられる。電解質としては、例えば、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiPF6等のリチウム塩が挙げられる。
セルは、正負極の短絡防止、シャットダウンなどの安全性の観点から、正負極間にセパレータを備えることが好ましい。第一及び第二の実施形態では、既知の非水系二次電池に備えられるセパレータを使用してよく、イオン透過性と機械的強度の観点からは絶縁性の薄膜を使用することが好ましい。
外装体は、セルの充放電に関与する材料、例えば、正極材、負極材、セパレータ、正極端子、負極端子、電解質、電解液などを収容する。セルがリチウムイオン電池であるとき、セルの形状(すなわち、外装体の形状)は、円筒型、角型、及びラミネート型に分類される。
複数のセルは、電気的に直列、並列、又はそれらの組み合わせになるように、配列されて、アセンブリを構成することができる。アセンブリを耐炎繊維で被覆することにより第二の実施形態に係るセルユニットを得ることができる。単数若しくは複数のセル、単数若しくは複数のセルユニット、又はそれらの組み合わせを筐体に収納して、蓄電モジュールを構成することができる。また、複数の蓄電モジュールを筐体に収納して、セルパック又はバッテリーパックを構成することができる。
(u1)アセンブリ全体又はセルユニット全体が耐炎繊維により覆われている構成、例えば、耐炎繊維又はその成形体により蓄電モジュール全体が覆われる態様、耐炎繊維又はその成形体によりバッテリーパック全体が覆われる態様、筐体の全体が耐炎繊維を含む態様、筐体の外面の全てが耐炎繊維又はその成形体により覆われる態様など;
(u2)アセンブリ又はセルユニットが部分的に耐炎繊維により覆われている構成、例えば、耐炎繊維の成形体により筐体の一部分だけを覆うこと、耐炎繊維を筐体の一部分と一体成形すること、1つの蓄電モジュールにおいて複数の隣接セルの間に耐炎繊維又はその成形体を挟むこと、1つのバッテリーパックにおいて複数の隣接モジュールの間に耐炎繊維又はその成形体を挟むこと、円筒型筐体の曲線部だけを耐炎繊維又はその成形体により覆うこと等が挙げられる;
(u3)アセンブリ又はセルユニットが耐炎繊維により直接的に覆われている構成、例えば、複数セルのアセンブリが耐炎繊維と直接接触している態様、蓄電モジュール又はバッテリーパックのための筐体の内張りとして耐炎繊維の成形体を挿入又は貼付すること等が挙げられる;
(u4)アセンブリにおいて複数セルの間に耐炎繊維が挟まれている構成、例えば、蓄電モジュールにおいて、充放電に関与する材料が外装体に収納された複数セルの間に耐炎繊維又はその成形体を挿入又は貼付すること等;
(u5)セルユニットが、アセンブリを複数含み、かつ複数アセンブリの間に耐炎繊維が挟まれている構成、例えば、個別に筐体に収納されている複数の蓄電モジュールの間に耐炎繊維又はその成形体を挿入又は貼付すること、個別に筐体に収納されている複数のバッテリーパックの間に耐炎繊維又はその成形体を挿入又は貼付すること等;並びに
(u6)アセンブリ又はセルユニットが筐体内に収納されており、かつ筐体の内側及び/又は外側に耐炎繊維が配置されている構成;
で表される少なくとも1つの構成を有することが好ましい。
Claims (22)
- セル表面の少なくとも一部分が耐炎繊維により覆われていて、該耐炎繊維は、該セル表面と直接接触し、かつ/又は該セル表面から離れていることを特徴とするセル。
- 前記セルの全体が前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、請求項1に記載のセル。
- 前記セルが部分的に前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、請求項1に記載のセル。
- 前記セルが前記耐炎繊維により直接的に覆われている、請求項1に記載のセル。
- 前記セルが前記耐炎繊維により間接的に覆われている、請求項1に記載のセル。
- 前記セルの外装体の内側及び/又は外側に前記耐炎繊維が配置されている、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のセル。
- 前記耐炎繊維が、シート、抄紙、織物、編物、不織布又はフェルトの形態である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のセル。
- 前記耐炎繊維が、前記フェルトの形態であり、かつ前記フェルトは、1~10mmの厚み、100~600g/m2の目付け、及び55~90kg/m3のかさ密度を有する、請求項7に記載のセル。
- 前記耐炎繊維が、難燃性、耐熱性、及び類炎防止性を有する有機繊維である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のセル。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のセルの複数のアセンブリが、前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、セルユニット。
- 複数のセルのアセンブリが耐炎繊維により覆われていることを特徴とするセルユニット。
- 前記アセンブリの全体又は前記セルユニットの全体が前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、請求項11に記載のセルユニット。
- 前記アセンブリ又は前記セルユニットが部分的に前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、請求項11に記載のセルユニット。
- 前記アセンブリ又は前記セルユニットが前記耐炎繊維により直接的に覆われている、請求項11に記載のセルユニット。
- 前記複数のセルの間に前記耐炎繊維が挟まれている、請求項11に記載のセルユニット。
- 前記セルユニットが、前記アセンブリを複数含み、かつ該複数のアセンブリの間に前記耐炎繊維が挟まれている、請求項11に記載のセルユニット。
- 前記アセンブリ又は前記セルユニットが筐体内に収納されており、かつ該筐体の内側及び/又は外側に前記耐炎繊維が配置されている、請求項11~16のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニット。
- 前記耐炎繊維が、シート、抄紙、織物、編物、不織布又はフェルトの形態である、請求項11~17のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニット。
- 前記耐炎繊維が、前記フェルトの形態であり、かつ前記フェルトは、1~10mmの厚み、100~600g/m2の目付け、及び55~90kg/m3のかさ密度を有する、請求項18に記載のセルユニット。
- 前記耐炎繊維が、難燃性、耐熱性、及び類炎防止性を有する有機繊維である、請求項11~19のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニット。
- 単数のセル又は複数のセルのアセンブリと、請求項11~20のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニットとが、前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、セルユニット。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のセルと、請求項10~20のいずれか1項に記載のセルユニットとが、前記耐炎繊維により覆われている、セルユニット。
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