WO2022186241A1 - 不織布用バインダー組成物、及び不織布 - Google Patents
不織布用バインダー組成物、及び不織布 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022186241A1 WO2022186241A1 PCT/JP2022/008735 JP2022008735W WO2022186241A1 WO 2022186241 A1 WO2022186241 A1 WO 2022186241A1 JP 2022008735 W JP2022008735 W JP 2022008735W WO 2022186241 A1 WO2022186241 A1 WO 2022186241A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nanocellulose
- chemically modified
- nonwoven fabric
- cellulose
- binder composition
- Prior art date
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005643 Pelargonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QYTDEUPAUMOIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N TEMPO Chemical group CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1[O] QYTDEUPAUMOIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005822 acrylic binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021342 arachidonic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KBKZYWOOZPIUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;hypochlorous acid Chemical compound N.ClO KBKZYWOOZPIUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005016 bacterial cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SXGBREZGMJVYRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine;hydrobromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[NH3+] SXGBREZGMJVYRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQEDFGUKQJUMBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound [Cu].NCCN AQEDFGUKQJUMBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005384 cross polarization magic-angle spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N ethyl (z)-3-(methylamino)but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)NC FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XHQSLVIGPHXVAK-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XHQSLVIGPHXVAK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VIALJPAGUCTUBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;12-hydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O VIALJPAGUCTUBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hypochlorite Chemical compound [K+].Cl[O-] SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- YTGLVCFPQHEQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene styrene Chemical class C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=C YTGLVCFPQHEQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/02—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose; Cellulosehydrate, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
- C08B15/04—Carboxycellulose, e.g. prepared by oxidation with nitrogen dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
- C08L1/04—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/10—Copolymers of styrene with conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L31/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L31/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08L31/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/30—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with oxides of halogens, oxyacids of halogens or their salts, e.g. with perchlorates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/05—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
- D06M15/233—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated aromatic, e.g. styrene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
- D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a binder composition for nonwoven fabrics and nonwoven fabrics.
- Non-woven fabrics are used as wipes or water-absorbing sheets for household and industrial use, or as one of the components of industrial products, for example, as separators in batteries such as alkaline secondary batteries.
- cellulose-based non-woven fabrics made from cellulose-based fibers are suitable for household and industrial use as wipes or water-absorbing sheets because they exhibit excellent absorbency against aqueous liquids.
- the cellulose-based nonwoven fabric is excellent in hydrophilicity, there is a problem that water easily penetrates between fibers or between fibers and a binder, resulting in a decrease in strength in a wet state (hereinafter also referred to as wet strength). .
- wet strength styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylic copolymers, etc.
- a water-based resin dispersion that is used as a binder (hereinafter also referred to as a binder). Further, in Patent Document 1, a monomer mixture containing alkyl acrylate as a main component is subjected to emulsion polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble polymer having an acrylic acid monomer as an essential component and a specific acid value as a binder. Emulsions obtained by the method are described.
- Nonwoven fabrics mainly composed of polyester fiber, polyolefin fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyamide fiber, etc. are used as nonwoven fabrics for battery separators.
- a binder is used to improve the strength of these nonwoven fabrics.
- Patent Document 2 discloses the use of microfibrillated cellulose, which is a very fine fiber, as a binder in the manufacture of nonwoven fabrics. It is said that the microfibrillated cellulose is very strongly entangled with polyolefin fibers to increase the strength of the nonwoven fabric.
- Non-woven fabrics are required to have a binder that not only improves the strength in a dry state (hereinafter also referred to as dry strength), but also improves the wet strength.
- Patent Document 1 can increase the wet strength of the nonwoven fabric, there is a demand for further improvement in performance, and further improvement of the wet strength is a problem.
- the non-woven fabric of Patent Document 2 contains microfibrillated cellulose, and Patent Document 2 mentions microfibrillated cellulose that is produced by applying a mechanical shear force or bacterial cellulose. The use of chemically modified nanocellulose is not disclosed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nonwoven fabric having excellent dry strength and wet strength.
- nonwoven fabrics obtained using chemically modified nanocellulose are excellent in dry strength and wet strength, and have completed the present invention.
- a binder composition for nonwoven fabrics comprising chemically modified nanocellulose.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose comprises oxidized nanocellulose;
- the oxidized nanocellulose contains an oxide of a cellulosic raw material with hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof and is substantially free of N-oxyl compounds,
- the oxidized nanocellulose comprises hydrophobically modified oxidized nanocellulose, The binder composition for nonwoven fabrics according to [2] or [3].
- the non-woven fabric is a cellulose-based non-woven fabric made from cellulose-based fibers, The binder composition for nonwoven fabrics according to any one of [1] to [4].
- [6] Further comprising at least one selected from styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and acrylic copolymers, The binder composition for nonwoven fabrics according to any one of [1] to [5].
- the oxidized nanocellulose contains an oxide of a cellulosic raw material with hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof and is substantially free of N-oxyl compounds,
- the nonwoven fabric according to [9].
- a method for producing a nonwoven fabric binder composition containing chemically modified nanocellulose A step of stirring a mixture containing chemically modified cellulose and a material other than the chemically modified nanocellulose of the binder composition for nonwoven fabric to fibrillate the chemically modified cellulose to obtain the binder composition for nonwoven fabric.
- the chemically modified cellulose contains oxidized cellulose
- the production method wherein the oxidized cellulose contains an oxide of a cellulosic raw material produced by hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof and does not substantially contain an N-oxyl compound.
- a method for producing a nonwoven fabric binder composition containing chemically modified nanocellulose A step of stirring the chemically modified cellulose and continuously adding materials other than the chemically modified nanocellulose of the binder composition for nonwoven fabric to fibrillate the chemically modified cellulose to obtain the binder composition for nonwoven fabric.
- the chemically modified cellulose contains oxidized cellulose, The production method, wherein the oxidized cellulose contains an oxide of a cellulosic raw material produced by hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof and does not substantially contain an N-oxyl compound.
- the binder composition for nonwoven fabrics of the present invention contains chemically modified nanocellulose.
- dry strength dry strength
- the reason why the present invention is excellent in dry strength and wet strength is not limited to the above.
- the binder composition for nonwoven fabrics of the present invention is a composition for binding to nonwoven fabrics.
- the method of use of the binder composition for nonwoven fabric of the present invention is not limited as long as it is used so that the binder component in the composition and the nonwoven fabric bind together to form a composite.
- Techniques for combining the nonwoven fabric binder composition of the present invention with a nonwoven fabric include, for example, a technique for coating the nonwoven fabric with the composition, and the technique may be a wet method or a dry method. good.
- a method of combining the binder composition for nonwoven fabrics of the present invention with nonwoven fabrics there is also a method of blending the composition with raw materials of nonwoven fabrics to combine them, and then forming nonwoven fabrics.
- One of the preferred methods of using the binder composition for nonwoven fabrics of the present invention is to apply it to nonwoven fabrics.
- coating on nonwoven fabric refers to an operation of bringing the binder composition of the present invention into contact with a nonwoven fabric as a base material to bind the binder component to at least a part of the nonwoven fabric.
- the specific operation is not particularly limited, and includes a method of applying the binder composition of the present invention to a nonwoven fabric by spraying, a method of impregnating a nonwoven fabric with a binder composition, and the like.
- Nonwoven fabrics in the present invention include, for example, nonwoven fabrics entangled by a needle punching method, a hydroentanglement method, etc., nonwoven fabrics produced by a thermal bonding method, and nonwoven fabrics produced by a spunbonding method.
- Components constituting fibers of the nonwoven fabric are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic acid, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyvinyl ester, polymethacrylate, rayon, and acetate. etc.
- the fiber may contain only one type of resin, or may contain a plurality of types of resin.
- the fibers may include cotton, silk, wool, and the like.
- the fibers may contain cellulose or viscose fibers.
- the fibers may be, for example, a blend of polyester and cotton.
- cellulosic nonwoven fabrics made from cellulosic fibers are preferred.
- cellulose-based in cellulosic fibers or cellulosic nonwoven fabrics refers to those containing cellulose as a constituent.
- the fiber diameter of the fibers forming the nonwoven fabric is not particularly limited, it is usually 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose used in the present invention is nano-ized material obtained by chemically modifying a cellulosic raw material.
- chemically modified nanocellulose By using chemically modified nanocellulose, cellulosic raw materials can be efficiently pulverized, and there is a tendency to easily obtain nanocellulose.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose may be obtained by nanoizing a cellulosic raw material and then chemically modifying it.
- chemically modified nanocellulose is also simply referred to as nanocellulose.
- the main component of plants is cellulose, and bundles of cellulose molecules are called cellulose microfibrils.
- Cellulose in cellulosic raw materials is also contained in the form of cellulose microfibrils.
- Nanocellulose in the present invention is a general term for cellulose made into nano, and includes fine cellulose fibers, cellulose nanocrystals, and the like. Fine cellulose fibers are also referred to as cellulose nanofibers (also referred to as CNF).
- the chemical modification is not particularly limited as long as it partially changes the cellulose structure, and examples thereof include oxidation modification, phosphorylation modification, carboxymethylation modification and the like.
- oxidative modification carboxy groups are introduced into at least part of the cellulose structure by oxidizing the cellulosic raw material.
- phosphorylation modification a compound or a salt thereof containing a phosphate group in at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups of glucose units constituting cellulose undergoes a dehydration reaction to form a phosphate ester, and a phosphate group or a salt thereof is introduced. .
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is preferably nanoized oxidized cellulose obtained by oxidizing a cellulosic raw material. That is, the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention preferably contains oxidized nanocellulose.
- the oxidation method is not particularly limited, but oxidation using an N-oxyl compound such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (hereinafter also referred to as TEMPO), and hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof. and oxidation using.
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl
- chemically modified nanocellulose can be used as the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention, and it is also possible to use one obtained by preparing from a cellulosic raw material such as softwood pulp.
- chemically modified nanocellulose is prepared, for example, it can be prepared with reference to Cellulose Commun., 14(2), 62 (2007), and International Publication No. 2018/230354 pamphlet.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is nanoized oxidized cellulose obtained by oxidizing a cellulosic raw material with hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof.
- the oxidized cellulose can also be referred to as an oxide of a cellulosic raw material.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention preferably contains an oxide of a cellulosic raw material with hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is obtained by oxidizing a cellulosic raw material with hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof, and it is preferable not to use an N-oxyl compound such as TEMPO in this oxidation. Therefore, the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention preferably does not substantially contain N-oxyl compounds. Such nanocellulose is highly safe because the impact of N-oxyl compounds on the environment and the human body is sufficiently reduced.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose “substantially does not contain an N-oxyl compound” means that the chemically modified nanocellulose does not contain any N-oxyl compound, or the N-oxyl compound means that the content of is 2.0 mass ppm or less, preferably 1.0 mass ppm or less, relative to the total amount of chemically modified nanocellulose.
- the content of the N-oxyl compound is preferably 2.0 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 1.0 ppm by mass or less as an increase from the cellulosic raw material
- the N-oxyl compound is substantially means “not including”.
- the content of the N-oxyl compound can be measured by known means. Known means include a method using a trace total nitrogen analyzer. Specifically, the content of the N-oxyl compound can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention contains oxidized nanocellulose, it contains a carboxy group, but the carboxy group may be in the H type (—COOH), or in the salt type (—COO ⁇ X + : X + is a salt an anion forming a type), or the carboxy group may be modified by reacting with another compound to form a covalent bond.
- the type of salt is not particularly limited, but alkali metal salts such as lithium, sodium, and potassium; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and barium salts; other metal salts such as magnesium salts and aluminum salts; amine salts and the like.
- the carboxy group is modified by a covalent bond, other compounds are not particularly limited as long as they react with carboxylic acid.
- the carboxy group includes salt-type embodiments as described above, it is possible to appropriately select the type of counter anion of -COO- or to modify the carboxy group by reacting it with another compound to form a covalent bond.
- the oxidized nanocellulose can be modified to be hydrophobic.
- the dispersibility of the binder component in the binder composition of the present invention can be adjusted.
- the binder component tends to be uniformly applied to the nonwoven fabric that is the substrate, and the dry strength and wet strength of the nonwoven fabric can be further improved.
- the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the binder component the affinity of the binder component with the nonwoven fabric can be adjusted, and the dry strength and wet strength can be further improved.
- the compound that hydrophobically modifies oxidized nanocellulose is not particularly limited, but examples include metal soaps, amines, quaternary ammonium salt compounds, and the like.
- the metal soap is not particularly limited, and examples include metal salts of long-chain fatty acids such as magnesium salts of long-chain fatty acids, calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids, zinc salts of long-chain fatty acids; calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids; Mixtures of zinc salts of chain fatty acids and lead-based metal soaps can be mentioned, and among these, metal salts of long-chain fatty acids are preferred.
- the metal salt of long-chain fatty acid is preferably a metal polyvalent salt of long-chain fatty acid.
- long-chain fatty acids examples include butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecyl acid, palmitic acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linol acid, ricinoleic acid, octylic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, montanic acid and the like. More preferred metal soaps are magnesium stearate, mixtures of calcium stearate and zinc stearate, and lead-based hot metal soaps.
- metal soaps may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a commercially available product containing the metallic soap described above may be used. Examples of commercially available products include RZ-161, RZ-162, MDZ-CP-102, FTZ-111 and SCI-HSA manufactured by Sun Ace.
- the above amine is not particularly limited and may be primary, secondary or tertiary.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon or aromatic group bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine or quaternary ammonium salt compound (if two or more hydrocarbon or aromatic groups are bonded to the nitrogen atom, the total The number of carbon atoms) is not particularly limited, and may be selected from 1 to 100 carbon atoms.
- As the amine one having a polyalkylene oxide structure such as an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) copolymer moiety may be used. From the viewpoint of imparting sufficient hydrophobicity to oxidized nanocellulose, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more.
- the quaternary ammonium salt compound is not particularly limited. Specific examples of quaternary ammonium salt compounds include quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide; quaternary ammonium chlorides such as tetrabutylammonium chloride; Examples include quaternary ammonium bromides such as butylammonium bromide, quaternary ammonium iodides such as tetrabutylammonium iodide, and the like.
- the cellulosic raw material in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a material mainly composed of cellulose, and examples thereof include pulp, natural cellulose, regenerated cellulose, and fine cellulose obtained by depolymerizing a cellulose raw material by mechanical treatment. be done.
- the cellulosic raw material a commercially available product such as crystalline cellulose made from pulp can be used as it is.
- unused biomass containing a large amount of cellulose components, such as bean curd refuse and soybean hulls may be used as a raw material.
- the cellulosic raw material may be treated with an alkali of an appropriate concentration for the purpose of facilitating penetration of the oxidizing agent into the raw pulp.
- the carboxy group content of the oxidized nanocellulose and oxidized cellulose in the present invention is preferably 0.20 to 2.0 mmol/g.
- the amount of carboxyl groups is 0.20 mmol/g or more, the oxidized cellulose can be imparted with sufficient easy disentanglement properties. As a result, even when the fibrillation treatment is performed under mild conditions, it is possible to obtain a binder composition in which the dispersion is stabilized, and it is thought that the coatability can be further improved.
- the amount of carboxyl groups is 2.0 mmol/g or less, oxidized nanocellulose having a low proportion of particulate cellulose and uniform quality can be obtained.
- the carboxy group content of the oxidized nanocellulose and oxidized cellulose in the present invention is more preferably 0.35 mmol/g or more, still more preferably 0.40 mmol/g or more, and even more preferably 0.42 mmol. /g or more, still more preferably 0.50 mmol/g or more, still more preferably over 0.50 mmol/g, and even more preferably 0.55 mmol/g or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of carboxyl groups may be 1.5 mmol/g or less, 1.2 mmol/g or less, 1.0 mmol/g or less, or 0.9 mmol/g or less. may be A preferable range of the amount of carboxyl groups can be determined by appropriately combining the above-mentioned upper limit and lower limit.
- the carboxy group content of oxidized nanocellulose and oxidized cellulose is more preferably 0.35 to 2.0 mmol/g, still more preferably 0.35 to 1.5 mmol/g, still more preferably 0.40 to 1.5 mmol/g, still more preferably 0.50 to 1.2 mmol/g, still more preferably greater than 0.50 to 1.2 mmol/g, still more preferably 0.55 to 1.2 mmol/g. 0 mmol/g.
- the amount of carboxyl groups was determined by adding 0.1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to an aqueous solution of oxidized cellulose and water to adjust the pH to 2.5, and then adding dropwise 0.05N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust the pH. is a value calculated from the amount (a) of sodium hydroxide consumed in the neutralization step of a weak acid in which the change in electrical conductivity is moderate, using the following formula. The details follow the method described in the examples below.
- the amount of carboxyl groups can be adjusted by changing the reaction time of the oxidation reaction, the reaction temperature, the pH of the reaction solution, and the like.
- Carboxy group weight a (ml) x 0.05/oxidized cellulose mass (g)
- the oxidized cellulose is obtained, for example, by oxidizing a cellulosic raw material under conditions in which the available chlorine concentration of hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof in the reaction system is relatively high (for example, 6% by mass to 43% by mass). can be obtained by The oxidized cellulose can also be produced by appropriately controlling reaction conditions such as effective chlorine concentration, pH during the reaction, and reaction temperature.
- the oxidized cellulose thus obtained preferably has a structure in which at least two of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose rings constituting the cellulose are oxidized. It preferably has a structure in which the hydroxyl group at the 3-position is oxidized and a carboxy group is introduced.
- the hydroxyl group at the 6th position of the glucopyranose ring in the present oxidized cellulose is not oxidized and remains as the hydroxyl group.
- the position of the carboxy group in the glucopyranose ring of oxidized cellulose can be analyzed by solid-state 13 C-NMR spectrum.
- Rayon has the same chemical structure as cellulose, and its oxide (rayon oxide) is water soluble.
- rayon oxide rayon oxide
- a carbon peak attributed to a carboxy group is observed at 165 to 185 ppm.
- two signals appear in this chemical shift range.
- solution two-dimensional NMR measurement it can be determined that the carboxy groups were introduced at the 2- and 3-positions.
- the introduction of carboxyl groups at the 2nd and 3rd positions can be confirmed by evaluating the spread of peaks appearing at 165 to 185 ppm. That is, after drawing a baseline to the peaks in the range of 165 ppm to 185 ppm in the solid 13 C-NMR spectrum and obtaining the overall area value, the two peak area values obtained by vertically dividing the area value at the peak top. A ratio (large area value/small area value) is obtained, and if the ratio of the peak area values is 1.2 or more, it can be said that the peak is broad.
- the presence or absence of the broad peak can be determined by the ratio of the length L of the baseline in the range of 165 ppm to 185 ppm to the length L' of the perpendicular line from the top of the peak to the baseline. That is, if the ratio L'/L is 0.1 or more, it can be determined that a broad peak exists.
- the ratio L'/L may be 0.2 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.4 or more, or 0.5 or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio L'/L is not particularly limited, it is usually 3.0 or less, may be 2.0 or less, or may be 1.0 or less.
- the structure of the glucopyranose ring can also be determined by analysis according to the method described in Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2020, 8, 48, 17800-17806.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is an assembly of single unit fibers.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention should contain at least one chemically modified nanocellulose, and preferably the chemically modified nanocellulose is the main component.
- Chemically modified nanocellulose is the main component here means that the ratio of chemically modified nanocellulose to the total amount of nanocellulose is more than 50% by mass, preferably more than 70% by mass, more preferably 80% by mass. It refers to being in excess. Although the upper limit of the above ratio is 100% by mass, it may be 98% by mass or 95% by mass.
- the average fiber length of the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is preferably 50-2000 nm.
- the average fiber length exceeds 2000 nm, the slurry containing chemically modified nanocellulose tends to thicken.
- the average fiber length is less than 50 nm, it becomes difficult to develop viscosity, which is a feature of chemically modified nanocellulose, and the binding property tends to decrease.
- the average fiber length of 50 to 2000 nm suppresses an increase in the viscosity of the binder composition, further improves coatability, and imparts good binding properties.
- the average fiber length is more preferably 100-1000 nm, still more preferably 100-500 nm, even more preferably 100-400 nm.
- the average fiber width of the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1 to 200 nm. It is believed that an average fiber width of 1 to 200 nm suppresses an increase in the viscosity of the binder composition and further improves coatability.
- the average fiber width is more preferably 1-10 nm, more preferably 1-5 nm.
- the aspect ratio (average fiber length/average fiber width) represented by the ratio of the average fiber width to the average fiber length is preferably 20 or more and 200 or less.
- the aspect ratio is 200 or less, it is believed that the binding properties can be further enhanced.
- the aspect ratio is more preferably 145 or less, still more preferably 130 or less, even more preferably 120 or less, and even more preferably 100 or less.
- the aspect ratio is preferably 20 or more, more preferably 30 or more, even more preferably 35 or more, and even more preferably 40 or more.
- the range of difference in values depending on the conditions is preferably within the range of ⁇ 100 nm for the average fiber length.
- the range of difference in values depending on conditions is preferably within the range of ⁇ 10 nm for the average fiber width.
- chemically modified cellulose and chemically modified nanocellulose are usually obtained in a state containing a dispersion medium, but may be in the form of a dried product. Since it is in the form of a dried product, it is excellent in handleability.
- the shape of the dried product is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lumps, granules, cotton, powder, and flakes.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, heat drying and freeze drying.
- a single drying method may be used, or two or more drying methods may be used in combination.
- the moisture content of the dry matter of chemically modified cellulose and chemically modified nanocellulose is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and still more preferably 15% by mass or less. , and more preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the water content is 30% by mass or less, an increase in storage space, an increase in storage and transportation costs, and the like can be suppressed, and handleability can be further improved.
- the dried product is a dried product of chemically modified cellulose
- the water content is more preferably 9% by mass or less, and even more preferably, from the viewpoint of further improving the fibrillation property of the chemically modified cellulose. It is 8% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 5.5% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the water content is ideally 0% by mass from the viewpoint of improving handleability, but from the viewpoint of drying work efficiency, it may exceed 0% by mass, and may be 0.5% by mass or more. It may be 1% by mass or more.
- the moisture content of the dried product can be measured with a heat drying moisture meter.
- the oxidized nanocellulose in the present invention is produced by, for example, a method comprising a step A of oxidizing a cellulosic raw material with hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof to obtain oxidized cellulose, and optionally a step B of fibrillating the oxidized cellulose. can be manufactured by
- Hypochlorous acid or salts thereof used for oxidizing cellulosic raw materials include hypochlorous acid water, sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and ammonium hypochlorite. is mentioned. Among these, sodium hypochlorite is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of handling.
- a method for producing oxidized cellulose by oxidizing a cellulosic raw material includes a method of mixing a cellulosic raw material with a reaction solution containing hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof.
- the solvent contained in the reaction solution is preferably water because it is easy to handle and hardly causes side reactions.
- the effective chlorine concentration of hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof in the reaction solution is preferably 6 to 43% by mass, more preferably 7 to 43% by mass, still more preferably 8 to 43% by mass. When the effective chlorine concentration of the reaction solution is within the above range, the amount of carboxyl groups in the oxidized cellulose can be sufficiently increased, and the oxidized cellulose can be easily defibrated.
- the effective chlorine concentration of the reaction solution is more preferably 14% by mass or more, still more preferably 18% by mass or more, and even more preferably 20% by mass or more. is.
- the effective chlorine concentration of the reaction solution is more preferably 40% by mass or less, and still more preferably 38% by mass or less.
- the range of effective chlorine concentration of the reaction liquid the aforementioned lower limit and upper limit can be appropriately combined.
- the effective chlorine concentration range is more preferably 16 to 43% by mass, more preferably 18 to 40% by mass.
- the effective chlorine concentration range is preferably 6% by mass or more and less than 14% by mass, more preferably 7% by mass or more and less than 14% by mass. It is more preferably 7% by mass or more and 13% by mass or less, and even more preferably 8% by mass or more and 13% by mass or less.
- hypochlorous acid is a weak acid that exists as an aqueous solution
- hypochlorites are compounds in which hydrogen in hypochlorous acid is replaced with other cations.
- sodium hypochlorite which is hypochlorite
- the concentration is measured as the amount of available chlorine in the solution, not the concentration of sodium hypochlorite. .
- the sample is accurately weighed, water, potassium iodide and acetic acid are added and left to stand, and the released iodine is titrated with a sodium thiosulfate solution using an aqueous starch solution as an indicator to measure the effective chlorine concentration. do.
- the oxidation reaction of cellulosic raw materials with hypochlorous acid or its salts should be carried out while adjusting the pH within the range of 5.0 to 14.0. Within this range, the oxidation reaction of the cellulosic raw material can be sufficiently advanced, and the amount of carboxyl groups in the oxidized cellulose can be sufficiently increased. This makes it possible to easily defibrate the oxidized cellulose.
- the pH of the reaction system is more preferably 7.0 or higher, still more preferably 8.0 or higher, even more preferably 8.5 or higher, still more preferably 9.0 or higher, and still more preferably 9.5 or higher.
- the upper limit of the pH of the reaction system is not particularly limited, and is preferably 14.5 or less, more preferably 14.0 or less, still more preferably 13.0 or less, still more preferably 12.5 or less, and still more preferably 12.5 or less. It is preferably 12.0 or less, more preferably 11.5 or less.
- the pH range of the reaction system is more preferably 7.0 to 14.0, still more preferably 8.0 to 13.5, still more preferably 8.5 to 13.0.
- the method for producing oxidized cellulose will be further described below, taking as an example the case where sodium hypochlorite is used as hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof.
- the reaction solution is preferably an aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution.
- a method of adjusting the effective chlorine concentration of the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution to the desired concentration for example, the desired concentration: 6% by mass to 43% by mass
- sodium hypochlorite with a lower effective chlorine concentration than the desired concentration A method of concentrating an aqueous solution, a method of diluting a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution with a higher effective chlorine concentration than the target concentration, and sodium hypochlorite crystals (e.g., sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate) as a solvent
- sodium hypochlorite crystals e.g., sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate
- adjusting the effective chlorine concentration as an oxidizing agent by a method of diluting a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution or a method of dissolving sodium hypochlorite crystals in a solvent is less self-decomposing (i.e., It is preferable because the decrease in the available chlorine concentration is small) and the adjustment of the available chlorine concentration is simple.
- stirring methods include magnetic stirrers, stirring rods, stirrers with stirring blades (three-one motor), homomixers, disper-type mixers, homogenizers, and external circulation stirring.
- stirring methods include magnetic stirrers, stirring rods, stirrers with stirring blades (three-one motor), homomixers, disper-type mixers, homogenizers, and external circulation stirring.
- shearing stirrers such as homomixers and homogenizers, stirrers with stirring blades, and disper type mixers are used because the oxidation reaction of the cellulosic raw material tends to proceed smoothly.
- a method using a stirrer with a stirring blade is particularly preferred.
- stirrer with stirring blades When a stirrer with stirring blades is used, a device equipped with known stirring blades such as propeller blades, paddle blades, and turbine blades can be used as the stirrer. When using a stirrer with stirring blades, it is preferable to stir at a rotational speed of 50 to 300 rpm.
- the reaction temperature in the oxidation reaction is preferably 15°C to 100°C, more preferably 20°C to 90°C.
- an alkaline agent e.g., sodium hydroxide, etc.
- an acid e.g., hydrochloric acid, etc.
- the reaction time of the oxidation reaction can be set according to the degree of progress of the oxidation, but is preferably about 15 minutes to 50 hours. When the pH of the reaction system is set to 10 or higher, it is preferable to set the reaction temperature to 30° C. or higher and/or the reaction time to 30 minutes or longer.
- a known isolation treatment such as filtration is performed, and if necessary, purification is performed to obtain an oxide of the cellulosic raw material with hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof.
- Oxidized cellulose can be obtained as
- the solution containing oxidized cellulose obtained by the above reaction may be directly subjected to defibration treatment.
- the oxidized nanocellulose in the present invention can be obtained by fibrillating the oxidized cellulose obtained above to make it nano.
- Examples of methods for defibrating oxidized cellulose include weak stirring using a magnetic stirrer and the like, mechanical fibrillation, and the like. It is preferable that the oxidized cellulose be defibrated mechanically because the oxidized cellulose can be fully defibrated and the defibration time can be shortened.
- Mechanical fibrillation methods include, for example, a screw type mixer, a paddle mixer, a disper type mixer, a turbine type mixer, a homogenizer under high speed rotation, a high pressure homogenizer, an ultrahigh pressure homogenizer, a double cylindrical homogenizer, and an ultrasonic homogenizer. , water jet counter-collision disperser, beater, disc refiner, conical refiner, double disc refiner, grinder, single or multi-screw kneader, rotation or revolution stirrer, vibration stirrer, etc. method.
- Nanocellulose can be produced by nanoizing oxidized cellulose by using one or more of these devices, preferably by treating oxidized cellulose in a dispersion medium.
- a method using an ultra-high-pressure homogenizer can be preferably used in that it can produce nanocellulose with more advanced fibrillation.
- the pressure during fibrillation treatment is preferably 100 MPa or higher, more preferably 120 MPa or higher, and still more preferably 150 MPa or higher.
- the number of defibration treatments is not particularly limited, it is preferably two or more, more preferably three or more, from the viewpoint of sufficiently progressing defibration.
- the oxidized cellulose can be sufficiently fibrillated by gentle stirring using a rotation/revolution stirrer, a vibrating stirrer, or the like. Examples of vibratory stirrers include vortex mixers (touch mixers). That is, according to the oxidized cellulose, uniform nanocellulose can be obtained even when the defibration treatment is performed under mild defibration conditions.
- the defibration treatment is preferably carried out while the oxidized cellulose is mixed with a dispersion medium.
- the dispersion medium is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Specific examples of dispersion media include water, alcohols, ethers, ketones, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. As the solvent, one of these may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, methyl cellosolve, ethylene glycol and glycerin.
- Ethers include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran.
- Ketones include acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention preferably satisfies the following zeta potential and light transmittance.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention preferably has a zeta potential of ⁇ 30 mV or less.
- zeta potential is -30 mV or less (that is, the absolute value is 30 mV or more)
- sufficient repulsion between microfibrils is obtained, and chemically modified nanocellulose with a high surface charge density is likely to be produced during mechanical fibrillation.
- the dispersibility of the chemically modified nanocellulose is improved, the slurry tends to have excellent viscosity stability, and the dry strength and wet strength tend to be compatible.
- the zeta potential is -100 mV or more (that is, the absolute value is 100 mV or less)
- oxidative cutting in the fiber direction due to the progress of oxidation tends to be suppressed, so chemically modified nanocellulose of uniform size can be obtained. can be formed, and the binding property tends to be higher.
- the zeta potential of the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is preferably ⁇ 35 mV or less, more preferably ⁇ 40 mV or less, and even more preferably ⁇ 50 mV or less.
- the lower limit of the zeta potential is preferably ⁇ 90 mV or more, more preferably ⁇ 85 mV or more, further preferably ⁇ 80 mV or more, even more preferably ⁇ 77 mV or more, even more preferably ⁇ 70 mV or more, and more preferably ⁇ 65 mV or more. More preferred.
- the aforementioned lower limit and upper limit can be appropriately combined.
- the zeta potential is preferably ⁇ 90 mV or more and ⁇ 30 mV or less, more preferably ⁇ 85 mV or more and ⁇ 30 mV or less, still more preferably ⁇ 80 mV or more and ⁇ 30 mV or less, still more preferably ⁇ 77 mV or more and ⁇ 30 mV or less. more preferably ⁇ 70 mV or more and ⁇ 30 mV or less, still more preferably ⁇ 65 mV or more and ⁇ 30 mV or less, and still more preferably ⁇ 65 mV or more and ⁇ 35 mV or less.
- the zeta potential is a cellulose aqueous dispersion in which chemically modified nanocellulose and water are mixed and the concentration of chemically modified nanocellulose is 0.1% by mass, pH 8.0, 20 ° C. It is a measured value. Specifically, it can be measured according to the following method. Pure water is added to the aqueous dispersion of chemically modified nanocellulose to dilute the concentration of chemically modified nanocellulose to 0.1%. A 0.05 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added to the diluted chemically modified nanocellulose aqueous dispersion to adjust the pH to 8.0, and the zeta potential such as a zeta potential meter (ELSZ-1000) manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. The zeta potential is measured at 20° C. by means of a measuring device.
- ELSZ-1000 zeta potential meter
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention has few aggregates, and the chemically modified nanocellulose dispersion dispersed in a dispersion medium tends to exhibit a high light transmittance with little light scattering of fine cellulose fibers.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention preferably has a light transmittance of 95% or more in a liquid mixture obtained by mixing with water to a solid content concentration of 0.1% by mass.
- the light transmittance is more preferably 96% or higher, still more preferably 97% or higher, and even more preferably 99% or higher.
- the light transmittance is a value measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 660 nm.
- light transmittance can be measured using an aqueous dispersion containing chemically modified nanocellulose. Specifically, it can be measured according to the following method. An aqueous dispersion of chemically modified nanocellulose is placed in a quartz cell with a thickness of 10 mm, and the light transmittance at a wavelength of 660 nm is measured using a spectrophotometer such as JASCO V-550.
- the zeta potential and light transmittance can be controlled by oxidation using hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof. It can be controlled by adjusting conditions and the like. Specifically, as the reaction time is lengthened and/or the reaction temperature is raised, oxidation of the cellulose microfibril surface in the cellulosic raw material progresses, and repulsion between fibrils occurs due to electrostatic repulsion and osmotic pressure. Strengthening tends to result in smaller average fiber widths.
- the zeta potential can be increased by setting one or more of the oxidation reaction time, reaction temperature, and stirring conditions (e.g., lengthening the reaction time) so that oxidation proceeds more (i.e., increases the degree of oxidation). It tends to be higher.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is obtained by nanoizing chemically modified cellulose (hereinafter also referred to as chemically modified cellulose). That is, the chemically modified nanocellulose in the present invention is obtained via chemically modified cellulose.
- the degree of polymerization of the chemically modified cellulose used in the present invention is preferably 600 or less. If the degree of polymerization of the chemically modified cellulose exceeds 600, it tends to require a large amount of energy for defibration, and sufficient easy fibrillation cannot be expressed, resulting in a decrease in the dispersibility of the chemically modified nanocellulose and, in turn, binding. It tends to cause a decline in sexuality.
- the degree of polymerization of the chemically modified cellulose exceeds 600, the amount of the chemically modified cellulose that is insufficiently fibrillated increases, so when the nanocellulose made into fine particles is dispersed in the dispersion medium, light scattering is increased. and the transparency may decrease.
- the lower limit of the degree of polymerization of chemically modified cellulose is not particularly set. However, if the degree of polymerization of the chemically modified cellulose is less than 50, the proportion of particulate cellulose rather than fibrous cellulose is increased, and the effect as nanocellulose may be reduced. From the above viewpoint, the degree of polymerization of the chemically modified cellulose is preferably in the range of 50 or more and 600 or less.
- the degree of polymerization of the chemically modified cellulose is more preferably 580 or less, still more preferably 560 or less, still more preferably 550 or less, still more preferably 500 or less, still more preferably 450 or less, Even more preferably, it is 400 or less.
- the lower limit of the degree of polymerization is more preferably 60 or more, still more preferably 70 or more, still more preferably 80 or more, and still more preferably from the viewpoint of improving viscosity stability and coatability of the slurry. is 90 or more, more preferably 100 or more, even more preferably 110 or more, and particularly preferably 120 or more.
- a preferred range of the degree of polymerization can be determined by appropriately combining the above-mentioned upper limit and lower limit.
- the degree of polymerization of the chemically modified cellulose is more preferably 60 to 600, still more preferably 70 to 600, still more preferably 80 to 600, still more preferably 80 to 550, It is preferably 80-500, more preferably 80-450, and particularly preferably 80-400.
- the degree of polymerization of chemically modified cellulose is the average degree of polymerization (viscosity average degree of polymerization) measured by a viscosity method. Details follow the methods described below. Chemically modified cellulose is added to an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride adjusted to pH 10, and reduction treatment is performed at 25° C. for 5 hours. The amount of sodium borohydride is 0.1 g per 1 g of chemically modified cellulose.
- Relative viscosity ( ⁇ r ) and specific viscosity ( ⁇ sp ) are obtained from the following formulas based on the flow time (t0) of the blank solution, the flow time (t) of the cellulose solution, and the chemically modified cellulose concentration (c [g/ml]). , and the intrinsic viscosity ([ ⁇ ]) are sequentially obtained, and the degree of polymerization (DP) of the chemically modified cellulose is calculated from the viscosity measurement formula.
- DP 175 x [ ⁇ ]
- the degree of polymerization of the oxidized cellulose can be controlled by oxidation using hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof. And it can be adjusted by changing the effective chlorine concentration of hypochlorous acid or its salt. Specifically, since the degree of polymerization tends to decrease when the degree of oxidation is increased, methods of reducing the degree of polymerization include, for example, increasing the reaction time and/or reaction temperature for oxidation. As another method, the degree of polymerization of oxidized cellulose can be adjusted by the stirring conditions of the reaction system during the oxidation reaction.
- the degree of polymerization of oxidized cellulose tends to vary depending on the selection of raw material cellulose. Therefore, the degree of polymerization of oxidized cellulose can be adjusted by selecting a cellulosic raw material.
- the binder composition of the present invention may contain binder components other than the chemically modified nanocellulose.
- binder components are not particularly limited as long as they are commonly used in nonwoven fabrics.
- other binder components may be appropriately selected according to the type of material of the nonwoven fabric, etc., and commercially available products can be used.
- binder components include, for example, styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylic copolymers, and aqueous resin dispersions containing these resins as main components. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- mainly composed means that the ratio of the styrene-butadiene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and acrylic copolymer to the total amount of resin constituting the aqueous resin dispersion is Usually 50% or more, preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more point to
- the aqueous resin dispersion containing an acrylic copolymer or the like as a main component is described in JP-A-2007-138325.
- acrylic acid is an essential monomer component and the acid value is 200 mgKOH/g.
- An emulsion for nonwoven fabrics having a glass transition temperature of 80° C. or less obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing an alkyl acrylate as an essential component in the presence of the above neutralized water-soluble polymer is preferably used. can be used.
- This nonwoven fabric emulsion is available as a commercial product.
- the water-soluble polymer is a homopolymer or a copolymer of acrylic acid as an essential monomer and other monomers.
- copolymers include alkyl acrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, and stearyl acrylate, (Meth)acrylamides such as acrylamide and methacrylamide (acrylamide and methacrylamide are collectively referred to as (meth)acrylamide), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamidoethanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide Acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acids such as propanesulfonic acid and 2-acrylamidobutanesulfonic acid (salts thereof may also be used.
- alkyl acrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohe
- acrylamidoalkanesulfones Acids and their salts are collectively referred to as acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acids (salts).
- alkyl methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene styrenes such as allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, functional group-containing monomers such as hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, vinyl carboxylates such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, ethylene, propylene and the like
- Halogenated olefins such as olefins and vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride are examples of alkyl methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl me
- At least one of alkyl acrylate, (meth)acrylamide, and acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acid (salt) is preferably used as the other monomer.
- the alkyl acrylate used in the monomer mixture the monomers exemplified for the water-soluble polymer can be used.
- the nonwoven fabric binder composition of the present invention may contain a dispersion medium for dispersing the chemically modified nanocellulose.
- the dispersion medium used in the binder composition for nonwoven fabric of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it disperses nanocellulose.
- dispersion media examples include water, alcohols, ethers, ketones, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, methyl cellosolve, ethylene glycol, and glycerin.
- the ethers examples include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran.
- ketones include acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- the content of chemically modified nanocellulose may be appropriately adjusted according to the type of nonwoven fabric, etc., but is usually 0.01 based on the total amount of the composition. It may be at least 0.1% by mass, preferably at least 0.1% by mass, more preferably at least 0.3% by mass, still more preferably at least 0.5% by mass.
- the ratio of nanocellulose is 0.01% by mass or more, the binder component can be efficiently bound to the nonwoven fabric, and dry strength and wet strength tend to be enhanced.
- the upper limit of the nanocellulose content is not particularly limited, and is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and still more preferably 3% by mass or less.
- nanocellulose content can be determined by appropriately combining the above-mentioned upper and lower limits, preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 5% by mass. , more preferably 0.5 to 3% by mass or more.
- the solid content concentration is usually in the range of 1% by mass to 99% by mass, and from the viewpoint of improving coatability, preferably 1% by mass to 50% by mass. % by mass, more preferably 1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- the amount of chemically modified nanocellulose is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, relative to the solid content of the nonwoven fabric binder composition. More preferably, it is 90% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of chemically modified nanocellulose to the solid content is not particularly limited, it may be, for example, 100% by mass, 98% by mass, 96% by mass, or 94% by mass.
- the range of the amount of chemically modified nanocellulose can be determined by appropriately combining the upper and lower limits described above. % by mass.
- the binder composition for nonwoven fabric of the present invention can be produced by blending chemically modified nanocellulose and, if necessary, other binder components.
- the chemically modified nanocellulose is preferably a dispersion containing a dispersion medium such as water.
- the solid content concentration may be appropriately adjusted by adding a dispersion medium.
- the binder composition for a nonwoven fabric of the present invention contains oxidized nanocellulose containing an oxide of a cellulosic raw material by hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof and substantially free of an N-oxyl compound
- the binder composition Articles can also be made using oxidized cellulose prior to fibrillation.
- oxidized cellulose having excellent fibrillating properties can be obtained.
- the oxidized cellulose is fibrillated into nanocellulose in the composition by a dispersing operation or a kneading operation during production.
- the oxidized cellulose and a material other than the oxidized cellulose of the binder composition for non-woven fabric are blended, and the mixture is defibrated by stirring such as dispersion or kneading operation, or the user of the oxidized cellulose is mixed.
- Nanocellulose can be obtained by defibrating and nanoizing by itself.
- the agitation can be performed by the above-described (step B: fibrillation treatment).
- One aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a binder composition for non-woven fabrics using, as a material, oxidized cellulose containing an oxide of a cellulosic raw material by hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof and substantially free of an N-oxyl compound.
- a method for producing a nonwoven fabric binder composition containing chemically modified nanocellulose comprising chemically modified cellulose (oxidized cellulose) and a material other than the chemically modified nanocellulose of the nonwoven fabric binder composition.
- a manufacturing method comprising the step of defibrating the chemically modified cellulose to obtain the binder composition for nonwoven fabric by stirring a mixture containing
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a nonwoven fabric binder composition containing chemically modified nanocellulose, wherein chemically modified cellulose (oxidized cellulose) is stirred and the nonwoven fabric binder composition is continuously chemically modified.
- the manufacturing method includes the step of adding a material other than nanocellulose to fibrillate the chemically modified cellulose to obtain the binder composition for nonwoven fabric.
- examples of aspects of the chemically modified nanocellulose, oxidized cellulose, and nonwoven fabric binder composition are as described above.
- the material other than the chemically modified nanocellulose of the binder composition for nonwoven fabric is any material other than the chemically modified nanocellulose that can be contained in the binder composition for nonwoven fabric.
- continuous addition of materials means performing in succession the pulverization of oxidized cellulose by stirring and the addition of materials.
- a specific embodiment in which stirring and addition are performed in series includes, for example, a mode in which the oxidized cellulose is stirred to make it finer and the above materials are added in one pot; Mode of adding material; and the like, but not limited to these.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is a nonwoven fabric produced using the binder composition for nonwoven fabric of the present invention or a nonwoven fabric containing the chemically modified nanocellulose of the present invention.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is produced by, for example, diluting the binder composition for nonwoven fabric or chemically modified nanocellulose of the present invention with a dispersion medium as necessary, applying it to the nonwoven fabric, and drying it at an arbitrary temperature. can do.
- Examples of the coating method include, but are not limited to, a method of spray coating the above binder composition onto a nonwoven fabric and a method of impregnating a nonwoven fabric with the above binder composition.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention can also be produced by combining a nonwoven fabric binder composition or chemically modified nanocellulose with a nonwoven fabric.
- a nonwoven fabric is produced by using (eg, spinning) a mixture of a nonwoven fabric binder composition or chemically modified nanocellulose and a raw material for a nonwoven fabric (base material).
- the amount of solid content derived from the nonwoven fabric binder composition in the nonwoven fabric of the present invention may be appropriately adjusted according to the type of nonwoven fabric, but it is usually 0.1% by mass or more with respect to the fiber basis weight. preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more.
- the dry strength and wet strength tend to be enhanced when the adhesion amount ratio is 0.1% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the adhesion amount ratio is not particularly limited, but it may be usually 50% by mass or less, may be 40% by mass or less, may be 30% by mass or less, or may be 20% by mass or less. may be 15% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, or 5% by mass or less.
- a preferred range of the amount of adhered solids can be determined by appropriately combining the upper and lower limits described above, preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 40% by mass. , More preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass, still more preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 1.0 to 15% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass %.
- the adhesion amount is preferably 0.1. % by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- chemically modified nanocellulose is the main component as the binder component of the binder composition for nonwoven fabric” means that the chemically modified nanocellulose exceeds 50 parts by mass when the binder component is 100 parts by mass, preferably.
- nanocellulose in this example were measured by the following methods.
- the obtained CNF dispersion is diluted 1000 to 1000000 times with pure water, it is dried naturally on a mica substrate, and an Oxford Asylum scanning probe microscope "MFP-3D infinity" is used, in AC mode. , the shape of CNF was observed.
- the fiber length was analyzed by binarizing the obtained image using image processing software "ImageJ". For 100 or more fibers, the average fiber length was determined by dividing the fiber length by 2.
- the product was solid-liquid separated by suction filtration using a PTFE mesh filter with an opening of 134 ⁇ m, and the obtained oxidized cellulose was washed with pure water.
- the amount of carboxyl groups in the filtered product (oxidized cellulose) after washing was measured and found to be 0.45 mmol/g. Also, the average fiber length was 553 nm and the average fiber width was 4.5 nm.
- Pure water is added to oxidized cellulose to prepare a 5% dispersion liquid, and an ultra-high pressure homogenizer “Starburst Lab” (hereinafter referred to as “Starburst Lab”) manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd. is used at 200 MPa for 10 passes.
- a nanocellulose aqueous dispersion was obtained.
- defibration is advanced by circulating the oxidized cellulose aqueous dispersion through a built-in ultrahigh-pressure disentanglement unit.
- One pass of liquid passing through the fibrillation section is called one pass.
- the residual nitrogen component derived from the N-oxyl compound in nanocellulose was 1.0 ppm or less.
- the residual nitrogen component was measured as nitrogen content using a trace total nitrogen analyzer (manufactured by Nitto Seiko Analytic Tech Co., Ltd., device name: TN-2100H), and calculated as an increase from the raw material pulp.
- the nanocellulose obtained in Production Example 1 is also referred to as CNF-2.
- the effective chlorine concentration in the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution was measured by the following method. (Measurement of effective chlorine concentration in sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution) Accurately weigh 0.582 g of an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals added to pure water, add 50 ml of pure water, add 2 g of potassium iodide and 10 ml of acetic acid, immediately seal tightly and store in a dark place for 15 minutes. I left it.
- the liberated iodine was titrated with a 0.1 mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution (indicator, starch test solution), and the titration amount was 34.55 ml.
- a blank test was performed separately and corrected. Since 1 ml of 0.1 mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution corresponds to 3.545 mg Cl, the effective chlorine concentration in the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is 21% by mass.
- the solid 13 C-NMR of the sample left at 23 ° C. and 50% RH for 24 hours or more was measured. It was confirmed to have a structure in which the hydroxyl group at the position was oxidized and a carboxyl group was introduced. Measurement conditions for solid-state 13 C-NMR are shown below.
- oxidized cellulose was recovered by repeating 6 times. Thereafter, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide was added in an amount approximately equivalent to the introduced carboxyl group to modify the carboxyl group into a tetrapropylammonium type.
- the oxidized cellulose aqueous dispersion was adjusted to 1% by mass by adding pure water, and then fibrillated with a homomixer (10,000 rpm, 10 minutes) to obtain nanocellulose as an aqueous dispersion.
- the nanocellulose obtained in Production Example 2 is also referred to as CNF-3.
- an aqueous sodium sulfite solution is added to the remaining sodium hypochlorite to deactivate it, and then hydrochloric acid is added to convert the carboxyl groups of the oxidized cellulose from the salt form (-COO-Na+) to the proton form (-COO -H+) to obtain an aqueous dispersion with a pH of 2.5.
- Solid-liquid separation was performed by pressure filtration at 0.2 MPa, and then washed with aqueous hydrochloric acid of pH 2.5.
- Sodium hydroxide is added to the obtained proton-type oxidized cellulose to restore the carboxylic acid group from the proton-type (-COO-H + ) to the salt-type (-COO-Na + ), thereby producing a salt-type oxidized cellulose of pH 6.8.
- a water dispersion was obtained.
- the carboxy group content was measured to be 0.73 mmol/g and the degree of polymerization was 100.
- the nitrogen component derived from the N-oxyl compound of oxidized cellulose was measured as a nitrogen content using a trace total nitrogen analyzer (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech, device name: TN-2100H), and the increase from the raw pulp was calculated to be 1 ppm or less.
- the oxidized cellulose aqueous dispersion obtained in Production Example 3 (oxidized cellulose concentration: 12% by mass, 1000 g) was dried with a drum dryer. The drying conditions were reduced pressure (100 torr), drum temperature of 80° C., drum rotation speed of 0.5 rpm, and clearance between drums of 0.6 mm. An oxidized cellulose dry product (flaky) of Production Example 3 was obtained.
- Example 1 to 6 ⁇ Preparation of binder composition for nonwoven fabric> 100 parts by mass of acrylic binder "Aron NW-7090" manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. (referred to as NW-7090 in Table 1) and nanocellulose aqueous dispersion are adjusted to the ratio shown in Table 1 and mixed. The mixture was stirred to prepare a binder composition for nonwoven fabric. The following nanocellulose was used as the nanocellulose in the nanocellulose aqueous dispersion.
- CNF-1, 2, and 3 in Table 1 are as follows.
- CNF-1 Rheocrysta (registered trademark) I-2S (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
- CNF-2 Nanocellulose of Production Example 1
- CNF-3 Nanocellulose of Production Example 2 ⁇ Preparation of nonwoven fabric>
- the binder composition for nonwoven fabric was diluted with distilled water so that the solid content concentration was 20% to obtain a diluted solution.
- a pulp web NKP pulp, fiber basis weight: 45 g/m 2 , size 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm
- the above-mentioned diluted solution was uniformly spray-coated so as to be uniform. After that, it was dried at 155° C. for 7 minutes to obtain a nonwoven fabric.
- Example 1 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a nonwoven fabric binder composition containing no nanocellulose (nonwoven fabric composition containing NW-7090 and containing no nanocellulose) was used.
- test piece for dry strength measurement was produced by cutting the pulp nonwoven fabric for evaluation into a rectangle having a width of 2.5 cm and a length of 10 cm. Next, the dry breaking strength of the obtained test piece was measured with a tensile tester under the conditions of a distance between chucks of 5 cm and a tensile speed of 200 mm/min. In the examples and comparative examples, the breaking strength was measured for eight samples per one type of sample, and the dry strength was obtained by averaging the measurement results.
- the dry strength of Comparative Example 1, which is a sample to which nanocellulose is not added, is set to 100 as a reference, and the strength of the example is shown.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the nonwoven fabrics obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Examples 1 to 6 in which a nonwoven fabric binder composition containing nanocellulose was applied had better dry strength and wet strength than Comparative Example 1 in which a nonwoven fabric binder composition containing no nanocellulose was applied. was excellent.
- Example 7 to 11 ⁇ Preparation of binder composition for nonwoven fabric> A nanocellulose aqueous dispersion prepared by adding pure water to the nanocellulose CNF-2 obtained in Production Example 1 to adjust the concentration to 2.5% was used as a binder composition for nonwoven fabrics.
- a binder composition for nonwoven fabric was applied to a pulp web (NBKP pulp, fiber basis weight: 45 g/m 2 , size 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm) prepared using a roller card, and the solid content in the composition was applied to the fiber basis weight.
- the amount (% by mass) shown in Table 2 was uniformly spray-coated. After that, it was dried at 155° C. for 7 minutes to obtain a nonwoven fabric.
- the numerical values in Table 2 are the amount of adhered solid matter per 100 parts by mass of the pulp web. Dry strength, wet strength, dry elongation and bending resistance of the obtained nonwoven fabric were measured.
- test piece for dry strength measurement was prepared by cutting the nonwoven fabric for evaluation into a rectangle having a width of 2.5 cm and a length of 10 cm. Next, the dry breaking strength of the obtained test piece was measured with a tensile tester under the conditions of a distance between chucks of 5 cm and a tensile speed of 200 mm/min. In the examples and comparative examples, the breaking strength was measured for eight samples per one type of sample, and the dry strength was obtained by averaging the measurement results. The dry strength of Comparative Example 2, which is a sample that was not coated, was set to 100, and the strength of the example was expressed.
- a test piece for bending resistance measurement was produced by cutting the nonwoven fabric for evaluation into a rectangle having a width of 2.5 cm and a length of 10 cm. The short side of the specimen was placed on a smooth-surfaced horizontal platform with one end beveled at 30° with the short side aligned with the scale base line. Next, gently move the test piece in the direction of the slope, and when the center point of one end of the test piece touches the slope, measure the position of the other end with a ruler, and measure the length (mm) that the test piece moved. and the bending resistance was obtained.
- the bending resistance of Comparative Example 2 which is a sample that has not been coated, is set to 100, and the bending resistance of the examples is shown.
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the nonwoven fabrics obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Examples 7 to 11 which are nonwoven fabrics coated with nanocellulose, are superior in dry strength, wet strength, and bending resistance to Comparative Example 2, which is a sample that is not coated. The dry elongation was also good.
- Example 12 to 15 ⁇ Preparation of nonwoven fabric> ⁇ Spray coating A binder composition for nonwoven fabric (nanocellulose) is applied to a pulp web (NBKP pulp, fiber basis weight: 45 g / m 2 , size 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm) prepared using a roller card. It was uniformly spray-coated so that the adhesion amount was the amount (% by mass) shown in Table 3 with respect to the fiber basis weight. After that, it was dried at 155° C. for 7 minutes to obtain a nonwoven fabric. The numerical values in Table 3 are the amount of adhered solid matter per 100 parts by mass of the pulp web.
- the binder composition for nonwoven fabric (nanocellulose) is as follows.
- CNF-4 Nanocellulose of Production Example 5
- CNF-5 Nanocellulose of Production Example 6
- CNF-6 Nanocellulose of Production Example 7
- CNF-7 Nanocellulose of Production Example 8 Dry strength, wet strength of the obtained nonwoven fabric Measurements of strength, dry elongation, and bending resistance were performed.
- Example 16 ⁇ Flour sieve
- the OC-P obtained in Production Example 4 was applied to a pulp web (NBKP pulp, fiber basis weight: 45 g / m 2 , size 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm) prepared using a roller card, and the solid content in the composition After uniformly sieving and sprinkling evenly so that the amount of OC-P attached is the amount (mass%) shown in Table 3 with respect to the fiber basis weight, the mass is 20 times the amount of OC-P attached. Pure water was evenly applied by spraying. After that, it was dried at 155° C. for 7 minutes to obtain a nonwoven fabric.
- the numerical values in Table 3 are the amount of adhered solid matter per 100 parts by mass of the pulp web. Dry strength, wet strength, dry elongation and bending resistance of the obtained nonwoven fabric were measured.
- test piece for dry strength measurement was prepared by cutting the nonwoven fabric for evaluation into a rectangle having a width of 2.5 cm and a length of 10 cm. Next, the dry breaking strength of the obtained test piece was measured with a tensile tester under the conditions of a distance between chucks of 5 cm and a tensile speed of 200 mm/min. In the examples and comparative examples, the breaking strength was measured for eight samples per one type of sample, and the dry strength was obtained by averaging the measurement results.
- the dry strength of Comparative Example 3, which is a sample that has not been coated, is set to 100, and the strength of the example is shown.
- a test piece for bending resistance measurement was produced by cutting the nonwoven fabric for evaluation into a rectangle having a width of 2.5 cm and a length of 10 cm. The short side of the specimen was placed on a smooth-surfaced horizontal platform with one end beveled at 30° with the short side aligned with the scale base line. Next, gently move the test piece in the direction of the slope, and when the center point of one end of the test piece touches the slope, measure the position of the other end with a ruler, and measure the length (mm) that the test piece moved. and the bending resistance was obtained.
- the bending resistance of Comparative Example 3, which is an uncoated sample was set to 100 as a reference, and the bending resistance of the example was expressed.
- Table 3 shows the physical properties of the nonwoven fabrics obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the nonwoven fabric binder composition of the present invention has industrial applicability in the field of nonwoven fabrics.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2の不織布はミクロフィブリル化セルロースを含むが、特許文献2には、使用されるミクロフィブリル化セルロースとして、機械的せん断力を加えて製造されるものか、バクテリアセルロースが挙げられており、化学変性されたナノセルロースを用いることは開示されていない。
[1]
化学変性ナノセルロースを含む、不織布用バインダー組成物。
[2]
前記化学変性ナノセルロースが、酸化ナノセルロースを含む、
[1]に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。
[3]
前記酸化ナノセルロースが、次亜塩素酸又はその塩によるセルロース系原料の酸化物を含み、且つ、N-オキシル化合物を実質的に含まない、
[2]に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。
[4]
前記酸化ナノセルロースが、疎水変性された酸化ナノセルロースを含む、
[2]又は[3]に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。
[5]
前記不織布が、セルロース系繊維を原料とするセルロース系不織布である、
[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。
[6]
スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、及びアクリル系共重合体から選択される少なくとも一種をさらに含む、
[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。
[7]
[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の不織布用バインダー組成物を用いて作製された、不織布。
[8]
化学変性ナノセルロースを含む、不織布。
[9]
前記化学変性ナノセルロースが、酸化ナノセルロースを含む、
[8]に記載の不織布。
[10]
前記酸化ナノセルロースが、次亜塩素酸又はその塩によるセルロース系原料の酸化物を含み、且つ、N-オキシル化合物を実質的に含まない、
[9]に記載の不織布。
[11]
化学変性ナノセルロースを含む不織布用バインダー組成物の製造方法であって、
化学変性セルロースと、前記不織布用バインダー組成物の化学変性ナノセルロース以外の材料とを含む混合物を撹拌することにより、前記化学変性セルロースを解繊して、前記不織布用バインダー組成物を得る工程を含み、
前記化学変性セルロースが、酸化セルロースを含み、
前記酸化セルロースが、次亜塩素酸又はその塩によるセルロース系原料の酸化物を含み、且つ、N-オキシル化合物を実質的に含まない、製造方法。
[12]
化学変性ナノセルロースを含む不織布用バインダー組成物の製造方法であって、
化学変性セルロースを撹拌し、連続して前記不織布用バインダー組成物の化学変性ナノセルロース以外の材料を添加することにより、前記化学変性セルロースを解繊して、前記不織布用バインダー組成物を得る工程を含み、
前記化学変性セルロースが、酸化セルロースを含み、
前記酸化セルロースが、次亜塩素酸又はその塩によるセルロース系原料の酸化物を含み、且つ、N-オキシル化合物を実質的に含まない、製造方法。
本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物は、化学変性ナノセルロースを含む。
本発明のバインダー組成物中の化学変性ナノセルロースが、不織布に含まれることにより不織布の乾燥時の強度(ドライ強度)を向上させることができる。また、不織布の繊維同士間や、不織布とバインダーとの間に液体が浸入するのを防ぎ、基材である不織布が液体を吸収することにより強度低下することを抑制できる、すなわち、ウェット強度に優れる。そのため、本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物は、ドライ強度とウェット強度とを両立できると考えられる。ただし、本発明がドライ強度とウェット強度とに優れる理由は、上記に限定されない。
本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物は、当該組成物中のバインダー成分と不織布とが結着して複合化するように用いられればその使用方法は制限されない。本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物を不織布と複合化する手法としては、例えば、不織布に当該組成物をコーティングする手法が挙げられ、その手法としては、湿式法であっても乾式法であってもよい。また、本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物を不織布と複合化する手法としては、当該組成物を不織布の原料と配合して複合化し、その後不織布を形成する手法も挙げられる。
本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物の好適な使用方法の一つは、不織布に塗布して用いる方法である。ここで「不織布に塗布」とは、不織布を基材として、本発明のバインダー組成物を接触させ、不織布の少なくとも一部にバインダー成分を結着させる操作を指す。具体的な上記操作としては、特に制限されず、本発明のバインダー組成物をスプレーによって不織布に塗布する方法や、バインダー組成物を不織布に含浸させる方法等が挙げられる。
本発明における不織布は、例えば、ニードルパンチ法や水流絡合法等により交絡されている不織布、サーマルボンド法により製造された不織布、及びスパンボンド法により製造された不織布等が挙げられる。
不織布の繊維を構成する成分としては、特に制限されず、例えば、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアミド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリウレタン、ポリビニルエステル、ポリメタクリル酸エステル、レーヨン、及びアセテート等が挙げられる。上記繊維は、1種のみの樹脂を含んでいてもよく、複数種類の樹脂を含んでいてもよい。また、上記繊維としては、綿、絹、及び羊毛などを含んでいてもよい。さらに、上記繊維としては、セルロース又はビスコース繊維を含んでいてもよい。上記繊維は、例えば、ポリエステルと綿との混紡であってもよい。
これらの中でも不織布としては、セルロース系繊維を原料とするセルロース系不織布が好ましい。ここで、セルロース系繊維又はセルロース系不織布における「セルロース系」とは、セルロースを構成成分として含むものを指す。
不織布を形成する繊維の繊維径は、特に制限されないが、通常1μm以上1mm以下であればよい。
本発明に用いられる化学変性ナノセルロースとは、セルロース系原料を化学変性したものをナノ化したものである。化学変性ナノセルロースを用いることにより、効率的にセルロース系原料を微細化することができ、容易にナノセルロースを入手できる傾向にある。また、化学変性ナノセルロースは、セルロース系原料をナノ化し、その後、化学変性させたものであってもよい。本明細書において、化学変性ナノセルロースを単にナノセルロースとも記載する。
植物の主成分はセルロースであり、セルロース分子が束になったものがセルロースミクロフィブリルと称される。セルロース系原料中のセルロースもまた、セルロースミクロフィブリルの形態で含まれている。本発明におけるナノセルロースは、セルロースをナノ化したものの総称を表し、微細セルロース繊維やセルロースナノクリスタル等を含む。微細セルロース繊維は、セルロースナノファイバー(CNFとも記載する)ともいう。
酸化変性においては、セルロース系原料を酸化することによって、セルロース構造の少なくとも一部にカルボキシ基が導入される。リン酸化変性においては、セルロースを構成するグルコースユニットの水酸基の少なくとも一部にリン酸基を含む化合物又はその塩が脱水反応してリン酸エステルが形成され、リン酸基又はその塩が導入される。カルボキシメチル化変性においては、セルロースを構成するグルコースユニットの水酸基の少なくとも一部にカルボキシメチル基をエーテル結合させ、カルボキシメチル基が導入される。
これらの変性の中でも酸化変性が好適である。したがって、本発明における化学変性ナノセルロースは、好ましくは、セルロース系原料を酸化して得られる酸化セルロースのナノ化したものである。すなわち、本発明における化学変性ナノセルロースは、好ましくは、酸化ナノセルロースを含む。
酸化方法としては、特に制限されないが、2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン 1-オキシル(以下、TEMPOとも記載する)等のN-オキシル化合物を用いる酸化、及び次亜塩素酸又はその塩を用いる酸化等が挙げられる。なお、ここでいう次亜塩素酸又はその塩を用いる酸化とは、次亜塩素酸又はその塩がセルロース系原料に作用して起こる酸化を指す。
カルボキシ基が共有結合により修飾されている場合、他の化合物としては、カルボン酸と反応するものであれば特に制限されない。
金属石鹸としては、上述の金属石鹸を含む市販品を用いてもよく、市販品としては、例えば、サンエース製のRZ-161、RZ-162、MDZ-CP-102、FTZ-111、SCI-HSA-M1、SAK-CS-P、SAK-CS-G、SAK-CS-P-1/USP、SAK-CS-PPT、SAK-CS-GPT-1、SAK-CS-POF、SAK-CS-PLB、SAK-CS-PC、SAK-ZS-P、SAK-ZS-TB、SAK-ZS-PLB500、SAK-ZS-TPS、SAK-ZS-TBPS、SAK-MS-P、SAK-MS-P/USP、SCI-HCS、SCI-HCS-SG、SCI-HCS-AB、SCI-HZS、SCI-HMS、SCI-ZNB、SAK-NAS-P、SAK-KS-CP、SAK-ZL-P、SCI-LIS、FerricStearate83X、堺化学工業のLHR-200シリーズ、LHR-300シリーズ、LHR-400シリーズ、日東化成工業のHT-シリーズ、PSLシリーズ、SRシリーズ、TRシリーズ等が挙げられる。
本発明における酸化ナノセルロース及び酸化セルロースのカルボキシ基量は、0.20~2.0mmol/gであることが好ましい。当該カルボキシ基量が0.20mmol/g以上であると、酸化セルロースに十分な易解繊性を付与することができる。これにより、温和な条件によって解繊処理を行った場合にも、分散安定化させたバインダー組成物を得ることができ、塗工性が一層向上できると考えられる。一方、カルボキシ基量が2.0mmol/g以下であると、粒子状のセルロースの比率が少なく品質が均一な酸化ナノセルロースを得ることができる。これによって、酸化ナノセルロースの分散性が向上し、不織布への結着性を一層高めることができると考えられる。こうした観点から、本発明における酸化ナノセルロース及び酸化セルロースのカルボキシ基量は、より好ましくは0.35mmol/g以上であり、更に好ましくは0.40mmol/g以上であり、より更に好ましくは0.42mmol/g以上であり、更により好ましくは0.50mmol/g以上であり、一層好ましくは0.50mmol/g超過であり、より一層好ましくは0.55mmol/g以上である。カルボキシ基量の上限については、1.5mmol/g以下であってもよく、1.2mmol/g以下であってもよく、1.0mmol/g以下であってもよく、0.9mmol/g以下であってもよい。カルボキシ基量の好ましい範囲は、既述の上限及び下限を適宜組み合わせることにより定めることができる。酸化ナノセルロース及び酸化セルロースのカルボキシ基量は、より好ましくは0.35~2.0mmol/gであり、更に好ましくは0.35~1.5mmol/gであり、より更に好ましくは0.40~1.5mmol/gであり、更により好ましくは0.50~1.2mmol/gであり、一層好ましくは0.50超過~1.2mmol/gであり、より一層好ましくは0.55~1.0mmol/gである。
カルボキシ基量=a(ml)×0.05/酸化セルロース質量(g)
こうして得られた酸化セルロースは、好適には、セルロースを構成するグルコピラノース環の水酸基のうち少なくとも2個が酸化された構造を有し、より具体的には、グルコピラノース環の第2位及び第3位の水酸基が酸化されてカルボキシ基が導入された構造を有することが好ましい。また、本酸化セルロースにおけるグルコピラノース環の第6位の水酸基は酸化されず、水酸基のままであることが好ましい。なお、酸化セルロースが有するグルコピラノース環におけるカルボキシ基の位置は、固体13C-NMRスペクトルにより解析することができる。
すなわち、固体13C-NMRスペクトルにおける165ppm~185ppmの範囲のピークにベースラインを引いて、全体の面積値を求めた後、ピークトップで面積値を垂直分割して得られる2つのピーク面積値の比率(大きな面積値/小さな面積値)を求め、該ピーク面積値の比率が1.2以上であればブロードなピークであるといえる。
また、上記ブロードなピークの有無は、165ppm~185ppmの範囲のベースラインの長さLと、上記ピークトップからベースラインへの垂線の長さL’との比によって判断することができる。すなわち、比L’/Lが0.1以上であれば、ブロードなピークが存在すると判断できる。上記比L’/Lは、0.2以上であってもよく、0.3以上であってもよく、0.4以上であってもよく、0.5以上であってもよい。比L’/Lの上限値は特に制限されないが、通常3.0以下あればよく、2.0以下であってもよく、1.0以下であってもよい。
また、上記グルコピラノース環の構造は、Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2020, 8, 48, 17800-17806に記載の方法に準じて解析することにより決定することもできる。
アスペクト比が200以下であることにより、結着性を一層高めることができると考えられる。こうした観点から、アスペクト比は、より好ましくは145以下であり、さらに好ましくは130以下であり、よりさらに好ましくは120以下であり、一層好ましくは100以下である。
その一方で、アスペクト比が低すぎる、すなわち、ナノセルロースの形状が細長い繊維状というよりも太い棒状である場合、偏在により凝集が起こり、分散性が低下する傾向にある。そのため、アスペクト比は、好ましくは20以上であり、より好ましくは30以上であり、さらに好ましくは35以上であり、よりさらに好ましくは40以上である。
なお、乾燥物が化学変性セルロースの乾燥物である場合には、化学変性セルロースの解繊性をより向上させる観点から、水分含有量は、一層好ましくは9質量%以下であり、より一層好ましくは8質量%以下であり、特に好ましくは5.5質量%以下である。
水分含有量の下限値は、取り扱い性の向上の観点から0質量%が理想であるが、乾燥の作業効率の観点から、0質量%超過であってもよく、0.5質量%以上であってもよく、1質量%以上であってもよい。
乾燥物の水分含有量は、加熱乾燥式水分計によって測定することができる。
本発明における酸化ナノセルロースは、市販品を用いてもよく、自ら調製したものを使用してもよい。
上記酸化ナノセルロースの製造方法について説明する。本発明における酸化ナノセルロースは、例えば、セルロース系原料を次亜塩素酸又はその塩で酸化して酸化セルロースを得る工程Aと、必要に応じて、酸化セルロースを解繊する工程Bとを含む方法により製造することができる。
セルロース系原料の酸化に使用される次亜塩素酸又はその塩としては、次亜塩素酸水、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、次亜塩素酸カリウム、次亜塩素酸カルシウム、及び次亜塩素酸アンモニウム等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、取り扱いやすさの点から、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムが好ましい。
本発明における酸化ナノセルロースは、上記で得られた酸化セルロースを解繊してナノ化することにより得ることができる。酸化セルロースを解繊する方法としては、マグネチックスターラー等を用いた弱い撹拌による方法、機械的解繊による方法等が挙げられる。酸化セルロースの解繊を十分に行うことができ、また解繊時間の短縮を図ることができる点で、酸化セルロースの解繊は機械的解繊によることが好ましい。
解繊処理の際に分散媒として有機溶剤を使用することにより、酸化セルロース及びこれを解繊して得られるナノセルロースの単離が容易となる。
本発明における化学変性ナノセルロースは、好ましくはゼータ電位が-30mV以下である。ゼータ電位が-30mV以下(すなわち、絶対値が30mV以上)であると、ミクロフィブリル同士の反発が十分に得られ、機械的解繊時に表面電荷密度が高い化学変性ナノセルロースが生じやすくなる。これにより、化学変性ナノセルロースの分散性が向上し、スラリーとしたときの粘度安定性に優れる傾向にあり、ドライ強度とウェット強度とをより両立できる傾向にある。
ゼータ電位が-100mV以上(すなわち、絶対値が100mV以下)の場合には、酸化の進行に伴う繊維方向の酸化切断が抑制される傾向にあるため、均一なサイズの化学変性ナノセルロースを得ることができ、結着性がより高まる傾向にある。
なお、本明細書においてゼータ電位は、化学変性ナノセルロースと水とを混合して化学変性ナノセルロースの濃度を0.1質量%としたセルロース水分散体につき、pH8.0、20℃の条件で測定した値である。
具体的には、以下の方法に従い測定することができる。
化学変性ナノセルロースの水分散体に純水を加えて、化学変性ナノセルロースの濃度が0.1%になるように希釈する。希釈後の化学変性ナノセルロースの水分散体に、0.05mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えてpH8.0に調整して、大塚電子社製ゼータ電位計(ELSZ-1000)等のゼータ電位測定装置によりゼータ電位を20℃で測定する。
本発明における化学変性ナノセルロースは、凝集物が少なく、分散媒中に分散させた化学変性ナノセルロース分散体は、微細セルロース繊維の光散乱等が少なく、高い光透過率を示す傾向にある。具体的には、本発明における化学変性ナノセルロースは、水と混合して固形分濃度0.1質量%とした混合液における光透過率が95%以上であることが好ましい。当該光透過率は、より好ましくは96%以上であり、さらに好ましくは97%以上であり、よりさらに好ましくは99%以上である。なお、光透過率は、分光光度計により測定した波長660nmでの値である。また、光透過率は、化学変性ナノセルロースを含む水分散体を用いて測定することができる。
具体的には、以下の方法に従い測定することができる。
化学変性ナノセルロースの水分散体を10mm厚の石英セルに入れて、JASCO V-550等の分光光度計により波長660nmの光透過率を測定する。
化学変性セルロースの重合度は、粘度法により測定された平均重合度(粘度平均重合度)である。詳細は、以下の記載の方法に従う。
pH10に調整した水素化ホウ素ナトリウム水溶液に化学変性セルロースを加え、25℃で5時間、還元処理を行う。水素化ホウ素ナトリウム量は、化学変性セルロース1gに対して0.1gとする。還元処理後、吸引ろ過にて固液分離、水洗を行い、得られた化学変性セルロースを凍結乾燥させる。純水10mlに乾燥させた化学変性セルロース0.04gを加えて2分間撹拌した後、1M銅エチレンジアミン溶液10mlを加えて溶解させる。その後、キャピラリー型粘度計にて25℃でブランク溶液の流下時間とセルロース溶液の流下時間測定する。ブランク溶液の流下時間(t0)とセルロース溶液の流下時間(t)、化学変性セルロースの濃度(c[g/ml])から次式のように相対粘度(ηr)、比粘度(ηsp)、固有粘度([η])を順次求め、粘度測の式から化学変性セルロースの重合度(DP)を計算する。
ηr=η/η0=t/t0
ηsp=ηr-1
[η]=ηsp/(100×c(1+0.28ηsp))
DP=175×[η]
本発明のバインダー組成物には、上記化学変性ナノセルロース以外のその他のバインダー成分を含んでいてもよい。その他のバインダー成分としては、不織布に一般に使用されるものであれば特に制限されない。また、その他のバインダー成分は、不織布の材料の種類等に応じて適宜選択すればよく、市販品を用いることができる。
上記水溶性重合体は、アクリル酸を必須単量体として、その単独重合体又はその他の単量体との共重合体である。その他の共重合体としては、例えば、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸プロピル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル、アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、アクリル酸ラウリル、アクリル酸ステアリル等のアクリル酸アルキル類、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド等の(メタ)アクリルアミド類(なお、アクリルアミドとメタクリルアミドを総称して(メタ)アクリルアミドという)、2-アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸、2-アクリルアミドエタンスルホン酸、2-アクリルアミドプロパンスルホン酸、2-アクリルアミドブタンスルホン酸等のアクリルアミドアルカンスルホン酸(その塩であってもよい。塩として用いる場合はナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等が例示され、ナトリウム塩が好ましい。以下、アクリルアミドアルカンスルホン酸およびその塩をアクリルアミドアルカンスルホン酸(塩)と総称する。)類、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸プロピル、メタクリル酸ブチル等のメタクリル酸アルキル類、スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン等のスチレン類、アリルグリシジルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジル、(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル等の官能基含有単量体、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等のカルボン酸ビニル類、エチレン、プロピレン等のオレフィン類、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン等のハロゲン化オレフィン類が例示される(なお、アクリル酸エステルとメタクリル酸エステルを総称して(メタ)アクリル酸エステルという)。
その他の単量体には、アクリル酸アルキル、(メタ)アクリルアミド、アクリルアミドアルカンスルホン酸(塩)の少なくとも1種以上を使用することが好ましい。
単量体混合物で使用するアクリル酸アルキルとしては、前記水溶性重合体で例示した単量体を使用することができる。
本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物は、化学変性ナノセルロースを分散させる分散媒を含んでいてもよい。本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物に用いられる分散媒としては、ナノセルロースを分散させるものであれば特に制限されない。
上記アルコール類としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、イソブタノール、sec-ブチルアルコール、tert-ブチルアルコール、メチルセロソルブ、エチレングリコール、及びグリセリン等が挙げられる。
上記エーテル類としては、例えば、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、1,4-ジオキサン、及びテトラヒドロフラン等が挙げられる。
上記ケトン類としては、例えば、アセトン及びメチルエチルケトン等が挙げられる。
ナノセルロースの含有量の上限は、特に制限されず、好ましくは10質量%以下であり、より好ましくは5質量%以下であり、さらに好ましくは3質量%以下である。ナノセルロースの割合が10質量%以下であることにより、不織布への塗工性が高まる傾向にある。
ナノセルロースの含有量の好ましい範囲は、既述の上限及び下限を適宜組み合わせることにより定めることができ、好ましくは0.1~10質量%であり、より好ましくは0.3~5質量%であり、更に好ましくは0.5~3質量%以上である。
前記固形分に対する化学変性ナノセルロースの量の上限は特に限定されないが、例えば、100質量%、98質量%、96質量%又は94質量%としてもよい。
化学変性ナノセルロースの量の範囲は、既述の上限及び下限を適宜組み合わせることにより定めることができ、例えば、60~100質量%、70~98質量%、80~96質量%、又は90~94質量%としてもよい。
本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物は、化学変性ナノセルロースと、必要に応じてその他のバインダー成分とを配合することにより製造することができる。化学変性ナノセルロースは、水等の分散媒を含む分散体であることが好ましい。不織布用バインダー組成物の製造方法において、分散媒を添加することにより固形分濃度を適宜調整してもよい。
ここで、化学変性ナノセルロース、酸化セルロース、及び不織布用バインダー組成物の態様の例は、上記にて説明したとおりである。不織布用バインダー組成物の化学変性ナノセルロース以外の材料とは、不織布用バインダー組成物に含まれうる、化学変性ナノセルロース以外の任意の材料であり、例えば、上述したその他のバインダー成分や分散媒を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されない。
また、本明細書において「連続して材料を添加する」とは、撹拌による酸化セルロースの微細化と材料の添加とを一連で行うことを意味する。撹拌と添加を一連で行う具体的な態様としては、例えば、酸化セルロースを撹拌して微細化することと上記材料を添加することをワンポットで操作する態様;酸化セルロースの撹拌を行いながら、同時に上記材料を添加する態様;等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明の不織布は、本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物を用いて作製される不織布、又は本発明の化学変性ナノセルロースを含む不織布である。
本発明の不織布は、例えば、本発明の不織布用バインダー組成物又は化学変性ナノセルロースを、必要に応じて分散媒を用いて希釈して、不織布に塗布し、任意の温度で乾燥することにより製造することができる。塗布の方法としては、不織布に上記バインダー組成物をスプレー塗布する方法や、上記バインダー組成物に不織布を含浸させる方法が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。また、本発明の不織布は、不織布用バインダー組成物又は化学変性ナノセルロースを不織布と複合化して製造することもできる。複合化の方法としては、例えば、不織布用バインダー組成物又は化学変性ナノセルロースと、不織布(基材)の原料との混合物を使用(例えば、紡糸)して、不織布を製造することが挙げられる。
付着量の割合の上限は、特に制限されないが、通常50質量%以下であればよく、40質量%以下であってもよく、30質量%以下であってもよく、20質量%以下であってもよく、15質量%以下であってもよく、10質量%以下であってもよく、5質量%以下であってもよい。
固形分の付着量の好ましい範囲は、既述の上限及び下限を適宜組み合わせることにより定めることができ、好ましくは0.1~50質量%であり、より好ましくは0.1~40質量%であり、更に好ましくは0.5~30質量%であり、より更に好ましくは0.5~20質量%であり、一層好ましくは1.0~15質量%であり、より好ましくは1.0~10質量%である。
得られたCNF分散液を純水で1000~1000000倍に希釈し、それをマイカ基材上で自然乾燥させ、オックスフォード・アサイラム製 走査型プローブ顕微鏡「MFP-3D infinity」を用いて、ACモードで、CNFの形状観察を行った。
繊維長については、得られた画像を画像処理ソフトウェア「ImageJ」を用いて二値化し解析を行った。繊維100本以上について、繊維長=「周囲長」÷2として平均繊維長を求めた。
繊維幅については、「MFP-3D infinity」に付属されているソフトウェアを用いて、繊維50本以上について、形状像の断面高さ=繊維幅として平均繊維幅を求めた。
酸化セルロース繊維の濃度を0.5質量%に調整した酸化セルロース水分散体60mlに、0.1M塩酸水溶液を加えてpH2.5にした後、0.05Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下して、pHが11.0になるまで電気伝導度を測定し、電気伝導度の変化が穏やかな弱酸の中和段階において消費された水酸化ナトリウム量(a)から、下記式を用いてカルボキシ基量(mmol/g)を算出した。
カルボキシ基量=a(ml)×0.05/酸化セルロース繊維の質量(g)
セルロース系原料として、針葉樹パルプ(SIGMA-ALDRICH社 NIST RM 8495, bleached kraft pulp)を5mm角にハサミで切断し、大阪ケミカル(株)製「ワンダーブレンダーWB-1」にて、25,000rpmで1分間処理して、綿状に機械解繊した。
ビーカーに、有効塩素濃度が42質量%である次亜塩素酸ナトリウム5水和物結晶を350g入れ、純水を加えて撹拌し、有効塩素濃度を21質量%とした。そこへ、35質量%塩酸を加えて撹拌し、pH11の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を得た。
前記次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を新東科学(株)製の撹拌機(スリーワンモータ、BL600)にてプロペラ型撹拌羽根を使用して200rpmで撹拌しながら恒温水浴にて30℃に加温した後、上記セルロース系原料を50g加えた。
セルロース系原料を供給後、同じ恒温水槽で30℃に保温しながら、48質量%水酸化ナトリウムを添加しながら反応中のpHを11に調整して、30分間、撹拌機にて同条件で撹拌を行った。
反応終了後、目開き134μmのPTFE製メッシュフィルターを使用して、吸引ろ過により生成物を固液分離し、得られた酸化セルロースを純水で洗浄した。洗浄後のろ過上物(酸化セルロース)につき、カルボキシ基量を測定したところ、0.45mmol/gであった。また、平均繊維長は、553nmであり、平均繊維幅は4.5nmであった。
酸化セルロースに純水を加え、5%分散液を作製し、(株)スギノマシン製の超高圧ホモジナイザー「スターバースト ラボ」(以下、スターバースト ラボという)にて200MPaで、10パスで処理し、ナノセルロース水分散体を得た。
なお、超高圧ホモジナイザーでは、内蔵された超高圧解繊部に酸化セルロース水分散液を循環通液させて解繊を進める。その解繊部への通液1回分を1パスと呼んでいる。
ナノセルロース中のN-オキシル化合物由来の残留窒素成分は、1.0ppm以下であった。なお、残留窒素成分は、微量全窒素分析装置(日東精工アナリテック(株)製、装置名:TN-2100H)を用いて窒素量として測定し、原料パルプからの増加分として算出した。
製造例1において得られたナノセルロースをCNF-2とも記載する。
(次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液中の有効塩素濃度の測定)
次亜塩素酸ナトリウム5水和物結晶を純水に加えた水溶液0.582gを精密に量り、純水50mlを加え、ヨウ化カリウム2g及び酢酸10mlを加え、直ちに密栓して暗所に15分間放置した。15分間の放置後、遊離したヨウ素を0.1mol/Lチオ硫酸ナトリウム溶液で滴定した結果(指示薬 デンプン試液)、滴定量は34.55mlであった。別に空試験を行い補正し、0.1mol/Lチオ硫酸ナトリウム溶液1mlが3.545mgClに相当するので、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液中の有効塩素濃度は21質量%である。
(1)試料管:ジルコニア製管(4mm径)
(2)磁場強度:9.4T(1H共鳴周波数:400MHz)
(3)MAS回転数:15kHz
(4)パルスシーケンス:CPMAS法
(5)コンタクトタイム:3ms
(6)待ち時間:5秒
(7)積算回数:10000~15000回
(8)測定装置:JNM ECA-400(日本電子社製)
また、各製造例で得られた酸化セルロースが、グルコピラノース環の第2位及び第3位の水酸基が酸化されてカルボキシ基が導入された構造を有することは、当該酸化セルロースのモデル分子を試料とし、二次元NMRを測定した結果からも確認された。
また、第6位に係る、セルロース系原料の固体13C-NMRと、酸化セルロースの固体13C-NMRとのスペクトルデータの変化が見られなかったことから、第6位の水酸基は酸化されず、酸化セルロースにおいて水酸基のままであると判断した。
製造例1においてセルロース系原料の供給後の撹拌時間(すなわち、反応時間)を120分間としたこと以外は、製造例1と同じ条件で酸化反応を行った。
反応終了後、余剰の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム分に対して亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を加え反応を停止し、続いて塩酸を加えてpHを2.5としカルボキシ基を-COOH型(H型)とした。得られた酸化セルロース水分散体について、固液分離及び洗浄を行った。具体的には、遠心分離(1000G、10分間)、デカンテーションにより上澄み除去、除去分相当量の純水を加えて匙で充分に撹拌して均一にした後、再び遠心分離、という工程を合計6回繰り返して精製酸化セルロースを回収した。その後、導入されたカルボキシ基のほぼ当量分のテトラプロピルアンモニウムヒドロキシドを添加し、カルボキシ基をテトラプロピルアンモニウム型に変性した。その酸化セルロース水分散体について純水を加えて1質量%に調整した後、ホモミキサーで解繊(10,000rpm、10分間)し、ナノセルロースを水分散体として得た。製造例2において得られたナノセルロースをCNF-3とも記載する。
ジャケット付きガラス製容器に、pH12.8、有効塩素濃度21質量%である次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液500gを入れ、新東科学社製の撹拌機(スリーワンモータ、BL600)にて三枚後退翼を使用して200rpmで撹拌しながら、30℃に加温した後、セルロース系原料として、日本製紙社の粉末パルプ(KCフロックW-100GK)を25g加えた。セルロース系原料を供給後、30℃に保温しながら、pHが11.3に下がるまで撹拌し、その後、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加しながら反応中のpHを11.3に調整して、セルロース系原料を投入してから合計6時間、同条件で撹拌を行った。反応終了後、残存する次亜塩素酸ナトリウムに対して亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を加えて失活させた後、塩酸を加えて酸化セルロースのカルボキシル基を塩型(-COO-Na+)からプロトン型(-COO-H+)とし、pH2.5の水分散体を得た。0.2MPaの加圧濾過にて固液分離し、次いでpH2.5の塩酸水で洗浄した。得られたプロトン型の酸化セルロースに水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、カルボン酸基をプロトン型(-COO-H+)から塩型(-COO-Na+)に戻し、pH6.8の塩型の酸化セルロース水分散体を得た。カルボキシ基量を測定したところ、0.73mmol/g、重合度は100であった。
また、酸化セルロースのN-オキシル化合物由来の窒素成分を、微量全窒素分析装置(三菱ケミカルアナリテック社製、装置名:TN-2100H)を用いて窒素量として測定し、原料パルプからの増加分を算出した結果、1ppm以下であった。
製造例3で得られた酸化セルロース水分散液(酸化セルロース濃度12質量%、1000g)を、ドラムドライヤーにて乾燥させた。乾燥条件は、減圧(100torr)、ドラム温度80℃、ドラム回転数0.5rpm、ドラム間のクリアランス0.6mmとした。製造例3の酸化セルロース乾燥物(薄片状)を得た。
大阪ケミカル(株)製「ワンダーブレンダーWB-1」に製造例3において得られた酸化セルロース乾燥物(薄片状)5gを入れ、25,000rpmで5秒間処理して、製造例4の酸化セルロース乾燥物(粉末状)を得た。製造例4において得られた酸化セルロース乾燥物(粉末状)をOC-Pとも記載する。
製造例3において得られた酸化セルロース乾燥物(薄片状)1gに純水を加えて2.5質量%に調整した後、ホモミキサーで解繊(10,000rpm、10分間)し、ナノセルロース水分散体を得た。製造例5において得られたナノセルロースをCNF-4とも記載する。
酸化セルロース乾燥物(薄片状)から作製したナノセルロースの平均繊維長は、170nmであり、平均繊維幅は3.6nmであった。
製造例3において得られた酸化セルロース乾燥物(薄片状)1gに純水を加えて2.5質量%に調整した後、ガラス管に全量投入し、蓋を締めた後、1分間に120回の速度(振幅幅:およそ50cm)で、手で振とうし、ナノセルロース水分散体を得た。製造例6において得られたナノセルロースをCNF-5とも記載する。
酸化セルロース乾燥物(薄片状)から作製したナノセルロースの平均繊維長は、190nmであり、平均繊維幅は4.5nmであった。
製造例4において得られた酸化セルロース乾燥物(粉末状)1gに純水を加えて2.5質量%に調整した後、ホモミキサーで解繊(10,000rpm、10分間)し、ナノセルロース水分散体を得た。製造例7において得られたナノセルロースをCNF-6とも記載する。
酸化セルロース乾燥物(粉末状)から作製したナノセルロースの平均繊維長は、160nmであり、平均繊維幅は3.5nmであった。
製造例4において得られた酸化セルロース乾燥物(粉末状)1gに純水を加えて2.5質量%に調整した後、ガラス管に全量投入し、蓋を締めた後、1分間に120回の速度(振幅幅:およそ50cm)で、手で振とうし、ナノセルロース水分散体を得た。製造例8において得られたナノセルロースをCNF-7とも記載する。
酸化セルロース乾燥物(粉末状)から作製したナノセルロースの平均繊維長は、180nmであり、平均繊維幅は4.2nmであった。
<不織布用バインダー組成物の調製>
東亞合成(株)製アクリル系バインダー「アロンNW-7090」(表1中、NW-7090と記載する)100質量部と、ナノセルロース水分散液を表1に示す割合となるよう調整し、混合撹拌し、不織布用バインダー組成物を調製した。
上記ナノセルロース水分散液のナノセルロースは、以下のナノセルロースを使用した。
なお、表1におけるCNF-1、2、及び3は、以下のとおりである。
CNF-1:レオクリスタ(登録商標)I-2S(第一工業製薬(株)製)
CNF-2:製造例1のナノセルロース
CNF-3:製造例2のナノセルロース
<不織布の作製>
不織布用バインダー組成物を、蒸留水を使用して、固形分濃度が20%になるように希釈して希釈液を得た。ローラーカードを用いて作製したパルプウェブ(NBKPパルプ、繊維目付量:45g/m2、大きさ10cm×10cm)に、組成物中固形分の付着量が繊維目付量に対して15質量%となるよう、上記希釈液を均一にスプレー塗布した。その後、155℃で7分間乾燥し、不織布を得た。
ナノセルロースを含まない不織布用バインダー組成物(ナノセルロースを含まず、NW-7090を含む不織布用組成物)を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
評価用パルプ不織布を、幅2.5cm、長さ10cmの長方形に裁断することにより、ドライ強度測定用の試験片を作製した。次いで、得られた試験片を、引張り試験機により、チャック間距離5cm、引張速度200mm/分の条件で、乾燥時の破断強度を測定した。なお、実施例及び比較例においては、破断強度の測定は、1種類の試料につき、8つのサンプルについて行い、その測定結果を平均することにより、ドライ強度を求めた。
なお、ナノセルロースを添加していない試料である比較例1のドライ強度を基準として100とし、実施例の強度を表した。
上記ドライ強度測定用試験片の中央1cm幅全体を水で濡らし、5秒後にドライ強度と同様の条件で引張り試験を実施し、ウェット強度を求めた。
なお、ナノセルロースを添加していない試料である比較例1のウェット強度を基準として100とし、実施例の強度を表した。
<不織布用バインダー組成物の調製>
製造例1において得られたナノセルロースCNF-2に純水を加えて濃度2.5%になるよう調整したナノセルロース水分散液を、不織布用バインダー組成物とした。
<不織布の作製>
不織布用バインダー組成物を、ローラーカードを用いて作製したパルプウェブ(NBKPパルプ、繊維目付量:45g/m2、大きさ10cm×10cm)に、組成物中固形分の付着量が繊維目付量に対して表2に示す量(質量%)となるよう、均一にスプレー塗布した。その後、155℃で7分間乾燥し、不織布を得た。
なお、表2中の数値は、パルプウェブ100質量部としたときの固形分の付着量である。
得られた不織布の、ドライ強度、ウェット強度、ドライ伸度、及び剛軟度の測定を行った。
塗布加工をしていないパルプウェブを用い、ドライ強度、ウェット強度、ドライ伸度、及び剛軟度の測定を行った。
評価用不織布を、幅2.5cm、長さ10cmの長方形に裁断することにより、ドライ強度測定用の試験片を作製した。次いで、得られた試験片を、引張り試験機により、チャック間距離5cm、引張速度200mm/分の条件で、乾燥時の破断強度を測定した。なお、実施例及び比較例においては、破断強度の測定は、1種類の試料につき、8つのサンプルについて行い、その測定結果を平均することにより、ドライ強度を求めた。
なお、塗布加工していない試料である比較例2のドライ強度を基準として100とし、実施例の強度を表した。
上記ドライ強度測定用試験片の中央1cm幅全体を水で濡らし、5秒後にドライ強度と同様の条件で引張り試験を実施、ウェット強度を求めた。
なお、塗布加工していない試料である比較例2のウェット強度を基準として100とし、実施例の強度を表した。
上記ドライ強度の測定時に試験片が破断した時点でのチャック間距離を測定した。
なお、塗布加工していない試料である比較例2のドライ伸度を基準として100とし、実施例の伸度を表した。
評価用不織布を、幅2.5cm、長さ10cmの長方形に裁断することにより、剛軟度測定用の試験片を作製した。一端が30°の斜面をもつ表面の滑らかな水平台の上に試験片の短辺をスケール基線に合わせて置いた。次に、試験片を斜面の方向に緩やかに動かし、試験片の一端の中央点が斜面と接したとき、他端の位置を定規によって測定し、試験片が移動した長さ(mm)を測定し、剛軟度を求めた。
なお、塗布加工していない試料である比較例2の剛軟度を基準として100とし、実施例の剛軟度を表した。
<不織布の作製>
〇スプレー塗布
不織布用バインダー組成物(ナノセルロース)を、ローラーカードを用いて作製したパルプウェブ(NBKPパルプ、繊維目付量:45g/m2、大きさ10cm×10cm)に、組成物中固形分の付着量が繊維目付量に対して表3に示す量(質量%)となるよう、均一にスプレー塗布した。その後、155℃で7分間乾燥し、不織布を得た。
なお、表3中の数値は、パルプウェブ100質量部としたときの固形分の付着量である。また、上記不織布用バインダー組成物(ナノセルロース)は以下のとおりである。
CNF-4:製造例5のナノセルロース
CNF-5:製造例6のナノセルロース
CNF-6:製造例7のナノセルロース
CNF-7:製造例8のナノセルロース
得られた不織布の、ドライ強度、ウェット強度、ドライ伸度、及び剛軟度の測定を行った。
〇粉ふるい
製造例4で得られたOC-Pを、ローラーカードを用いて作製したパルプウェブ(NBKPパルプ、繊維目付量:45g/m2、大きさ10cm×10cm)に、組成物中固形分の付着量が繊維目付量に対して表3に示す量(質量%)となるよう、均一に篩を通して、均一にまぶした後、OC-Pの付着量に対して、20倍の質量となる純水を均一にスプレー塗布した。その後、155℃で7分間乾燥し、不織布を得た。
なお、表3中の数値は、パルプウェブ100質量部としたときの固形分の付着量である。
得られた不織布の、ドライ強度、ウェット強度、ドライ伸度、及び剛軟度の測定を行った。
塗布加工をしていないパルプウェブを用い、ドライ強度、ウェット強度、ドライ伸度、及び剛軟度の測定を行った。
評価用不織布を、幅2.5cm、長さ10cmの長方形に裁断することにより、ドライ強度測定用の試験片を作製した。次いで、得られた試験片を、引張り試験機により、チャック間距離5cm、引張速度200mm/分の条件で、乾燥時の破断強度を測定した。なお、実施例及び比較例においては、破断強度の測定は、1種類の試料につき、8つのサンプルについて行い、その測定結果を平均することにより、ドライ強度を求めた。
なお、塗布加工していない試料である比較例3のドライ強度を基準として100とし、実施例の強度を表した。
上記ドライ強度測定用試験片の中央1cm幅全体を水で濡らし、5秒後にドライ強度と同様の条件で引張り試験を実施、ウェット強度を求めた。
なお、塗布加工していない試料である比較例3のウェット強度を基準として100とし、実施例の強度を表した。
上記ドライ強度の測定時に試験片が破断した時点でのチャック間距離を測定した。
なお、塗布加工していない試料である比較例3のドライ伸度を基準として100とし、実施例の伸度を表した。
評価用不織布を、幅2.5cm、長さ10cmの長方形に裁断することにより、剛軟度測定用の試験片を作製した。一端が30°の斜面をもつ表面の滑らかな水平台の上に試験片の短辺をスケール基線に合わせて置いた。次に、試験片を斜面の方向に緩やかに動かし、試験片の一端の中央点が斜面と接したとき、他端の位置を定規によって測定し、試験片が移動した長さ(mm)を測定し、剛軟度を求めた。
なお、塗布加工していない試料である比較例3の剛軟度を基準として100とし、実施例の剛軟度を表した。
Claims (12)
- 化学変性ナノセルロースを含む、不織布用バインダー組成物。
- 前記化学変性ナノセルロースが、酸化ナノセルロースを含む、
請求項1に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。 - 前記酸化ナノセルロースが、次亜塩素酸又はその塩によるセルロース系原料の酸化物を含み、且つ、N-オキシル化合物を実質的に含まない、
請求項2に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。 - 前記酸化ナノセルロースが、疎水変性された酸化ナノセルロースを含む、
請求項2又は3に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。 - 前記不織布が、セルロース系繊維を原料とするセルロース系不織布である、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。 - スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、及びアクリル系共重合体から選択される少なくとも一種をさらに含む、
請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の不織布用バインダー組成物を用いて作製された、不織布。
- 化学変性ナノセルロースを含む、不織布。
- 前記化学変性ナノセルロースが、酸化ナノセルロースを含む、
請求項8に記載の不織布。 - 前記酸化ナノセルロースが、次亜塩素酸又はその塩によるセルロース系原料の酸化物を含み、且つ、N-オキシル化合物を実質的に含まない、
請求項9に記載の不織布。 - 化学変性ナノセルロースを含む不織布用バインダー組成物の製造方法であって、
化学変性セルロースと、前記不織布用バインダー組成物の化学変性ナノセルロース以外の材料とを含む混合物を撹拌することにより、前記化学変性セルロースを解繊して、前記不織布用バインダー組成物を得る工程を含み、
前記化学変性セルロースが、酸化セルロースを含み、
前記酸化セルロースが、次亜塩素酸又はその塩によるセルロース系原料の酸化物を含み、且つ、N-オキシル化合物を実質的に含まない、製造方法。 - 化学変性ナノセルロースを含む不織布用バインダー組成物の製造方法であって、
化学変性セルロースを撹拌し、連続して前記不織布用バインダー組成物の化学変性ナノセルロース以外の材料を添加することにより、前記化学変性セルロースを解繊して、前記不織布用バインダー組成物を得る工程を含み、
前記化学変性セルロースが、酸化セルロースを含み、
前記酸化セルロースが、次亜塩素酸又はその塩によるセルロース系原料の酸化物を含み、且つ、N-オキシル化合物を実質的に含まない、製造方法。
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