WO2022163655A1 - 空隙層、積層体、空隙層の製造方法、光学部材および光学装置 - Google Patents
空隙層、積層体、空隙層の製造方法、光学部材および光学装置 Download PDFInfo
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- LGROXJWYRXANBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(C)C LGROXJWYRXANBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DJYGUVIGOGFJOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(trimethoxysilylmethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C[Si](OC)(OC)OC DJYGUVIGOGFJOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C09J2301/302—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being pressure-sensitive, i.e. tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/312—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier parameters being the characterizing feature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/50—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by process specific features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
- C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
- C09J2400/24—Presence of a foam
- C09J2400/243—Presence of a foam in the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2433/00—Presence of (meth)acrylic polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2483/00—Presence of polysiloxane
- C09J2483/006—Presence of polysiloxane in the substrate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a void layer, a laminate, a method for manufacturing the void layer, an optical member, and an optical device.
- an air layer with a low refractive index is used as a total reflection layer.
- each optical film member for example, a light guide plate and a reflector
- a liquid crystal device is laminated via an air layer.
- problems such as bending of the members may occur, especially when the members are large.
- integration of each member is desired due to the trend toward thinner devices. For this reason, each member is integrated with an adhesive agent without an air layer (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 for example, if there is no air layer that plays the role of total reflection, optical characteristics such as light leakage may deteriorate.
- Patent Document 2 describes a structure in which a layer having a lower refractive index than that of the light guide plate is inserted between the light guide plate and the reflector.
- a void layer having voids is used in order to make the refractive index as close to air as possible.
- Patent Document 3 Furthermore, in order to introduce the void layer into the device, an integrated structure with the adhesive layer has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
- the void layer is used, for example, by laminating it with another layer via an adhesive layer.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive constituting the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer permeates into the voids of the void layer to fill the voids, thereby filling the voids.
- the higher the porosity of the void layer the easier the permeation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive easily permeates into the voids due to the molecular motion (elastic modulus reduction) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive.
- water absorption of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive facilitates permeation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive into the voids.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive In order to suppress or prevent the permeation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive into the voids, the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive should have a high elastic modulus (hard) as much as possible. However, if the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive has a high elastic modulus (hard), there is a risk that the adhesive strength or adhesive strength will decrease. Conversely, when the elastic modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive is low (soft), high adhesive strength or adhesive strength is likely to be obtained, but the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive may easily permeate the voids.
- a layer capable of suppressing permeation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive is provided on the void layer. Formation using substances other than agents or adhesives is also contemplated. However, in that case, a step of forming the permeation suppressing layer is required separately from the step of forming the void layer, which leads to an increase in the number of manufacturing steps.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a void layer, a laminate, a method for manufacturing the void layer, an optical member, and an optical device in which the pressure sensitive adhesive or the adhesive hardly permeates the voids.
- the void layer of the present invention is A void layer formed by chemically bonding particles together,
- the porosity of the void layer is 35% by volume or more
- the particles are inorganic-organic composite particles in which an organic group is bonded to an inorganic compound,
- the organic group includes an R 1 group that is a linear or branched alkyl group and an R 2 group that is a group containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, It is characterized in that the molar ratio of R 2 groups to the sum of R 1 groups and R 2 groups is from 1 to 30 mol %.
- the laminate of the present invention is characterized by comprising the void layer of the present invention and an adhesive layer directly laminated on one or both sides of the void layer.
- a method for producing a void layer of the present invention comprises a coating step of applying a dispersion containing the particles, and a drying step of drying the applied dispersion. It is a method for manufacturing a void layer.
- the optical member of the present invention is an optical member including the laminate of the present invention.
- An optical device of the present invention is an optical device including the optical member of the present invention.
- a void layer it is possible to provide a void layer, a laminate, a method for manufacturing the void layer, an optical member, and an optical device in which the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive hardly permeates the voids.
- FIG. 1 is a process cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a method of forming a laminate of the present invention in which a void layer 21, an intermediate layer 22 and an adhesive layer 30 are laminated on a resin film 10 in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing part of the steps in a method for producing a roll-shaped laminated film (laminated film roll) and an example of an apparatus used therefor.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing part of the steps in the method of manufacturing a laminated film roll and another example of the apparatus used therefor.
- the R 1 group may be a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- one R 2 group may have one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds.
- the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond may be, for example, a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond.
- the carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds may be, for example, either one or both of a carbon-carbon double bond and a carbon-carbon triple bond.
- the R 2 group may be a group represented by the following chemical formula (R 2 ).
- R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are each a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group and may be the same or different;
- R 24 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an oxycarbonyl group, an ether group, or a linear or branched alkyleneoxycarbonyl group, or is absent.
- oxycarbonyl group refers to an atomic group “—COO—” in which the hydrogen atom of the carboxy group “—COOH” is replaced with a bond (single bond).
- R 21 is a hydrogen atom
- R 22 is a methyl group
- R 23 is a hydrogen atom
- R 24 is an oxycarbonyl group
- the "straight-chain or branched alkyleneoxycarbonyl group” is an atomic group "-COO-L-" (L is linear or branched alkylene group).
- R 21 is a hydrogen atom
- R 22 is a methyl group
- R 23 is a hydrogen atom
- R 24 is a trimethyleneoxycarbonyl group (a type of linear or branched alkyleneoxycarbonyl group)
- R 2 becomes “CH 2 ⁇ C(CH 3 )—COO—(CH 2 ) 3 —”.
- the void layer of the present invention is, for example, In the chemical formula (R 2 ), R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are each a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and may be the same or different; R 24 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an oxycarbonyl group, an ether group, or a linear or branched alkyleneoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or is absent, void It can be layers.
- -(CH 2 ) 1-6 - represents a linear alkylene group having 1 to 6 methylene groups, that is, a methylene group, an ethylene group (dimethylene group), a trimethylene group, It means a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, or a hexamethylene group.
- the inorganic compound in the particles may contain at least one skeleton atom selected from the group consisting of Si, Mg, Al, Ti, Zn and Zr.
- the void layer of the present invention may be, for example, a silicone porous body.
- silicone porous material means a polymer porous material containing siloxane bonds, and includes, for example, a porous material containing silsesquioxane as a structural unit.
- the void layer of the present invention may have a refractive index of, for example, 1.25 or less.
- an intermediate layer exists between the void layer and the adhesive layer, and the intermediate layer is formed by uniting the void layer and the adhesive layer. It may be a laminated layer.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed from a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid containing a (meth)acrylic polymer
- the (meth)acrylic polymer contains, as a monomer component, a complex 3-10 wt% ring-containing acrylic monomer, 0.5-5 wt% (meth)acrylic acid, 0.05-2 wt% hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, and 83-96.45 wt% alkyl (meth)acrylate
- a (meth)acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1,500,000 to 2,800,000 obtained by polymerizing may be used.
- the (meth)acrylic polymer may contain a (meth)acrylic polymer crosslinked with a crosslinking agent.
- the adhesive layer is Prepare a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating solution containing a (meth)acrylic polymer, a monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule, an isocyanate cross-linking agent, and an organic peroxide.
- the monomer having one or two reactive double bonds may be a heterocyclic ring-containing acrylate.
- the adhesive layer may have a storage modulus of 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 or more at 23° C., for example.
- the laminate of the present invention may have a refractive index of 1.25 or less after a heating and humidification durability test in which it is held at a temperature of 60°C and a relative humidity of 90% for 1000 hours.
- the laminate of the present invention suppresses significant permeation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer into the void layer even under a long-term heating and humidification durability test. can do.
- the reason (mechanism) for achieving both adhesive strength or adhesive strength and difficulty in penetrating the adhesive or adhesive into the voids is, for example, as follows.
- the particles in the void layer contain R 2 groups (for example, vinyl groups) that are groups containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- the R 2 groups cause steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion. Due to steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion between the R 2 groups, when the particles incorporate the synthetic solvent in the void layer and gel (skeleton formation), a gel structure with a wider intermolecular distance is formed. become. Therefore, the diameter of the voids in the void layer after removing the synthetic solvent from the skeleton of the void layer increases.
- the electrostatic repulsion also acts when the particles are deposited to form a void layer, increasing the amount of air contained in the void layer and, as a result, lowering the initial refractive index.
- the moisture absorption of the adhesive layer under heating and humidifying conditions, and the increase in the refractive index of the void layer due to the penetration of the adhesive layer into the voids due to the decrease in apparent elastic modulus at high temperature It occurs when the sol component from the adhesive layer permeates into the voids of the void layer.
- the amount of penetrating components contained in the adhesive layer is constant if the thickness of the adhesive layer is fixed. Therefore, if the porosity of the void layer itself increases, the ratio of the original voids filled with the adhesive to the entire void layer after the heat-humidification durability test inevitably decreases. As a result, an increase in the refractive index after the heating and humidification durability test is suppressed.
- these explanations are examples and do not limit the present invention.
- the content of the R 2 groups is preferably neither too large nor too small.
- the reason why it is preferable that the content of the R 2 group is not too high is considered as follows. First, the presence of the R 2 group, which is a group containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, tends to increase the diameter of the voids in the void layer due to steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion.
- the R 2 groups is preferably not too high.
- the content of the R 2 group is not too large. If the pore system of the pore layer is too large, the target Mw (weight average molecular weight) range having a molecular size suitable for the pore diameter in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer expands, and as a result, the sol component that can permeate the pores increases. To increase.
- the voids in the void layer are likely to be filled and the refractive index may increase.
- the void layer of the present invention may contain, for example, nanoparticles surface-modified with a compound having surface orientation.
- the compound having surface orientation is an alkoxysilane derivative
- the alkoxysilane derivative contains a fluoroalkyl group having 5 to 17 or 5 to 10 fluorine atoms.
- the fluoroalkyl group may be an alkyl group in which only some hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine, or may be an alkyl group in which all hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine (perfluoroalkyl group).
- the void layer of the present invention may contain, for example, 10 to 50% by mass of the nanoparticles with respect to the skeleton component of the void layer.
- a layer composed of the nanoparticles may be formed inside the void layer along with the formation of the void layer.
- the adhesive layer is more difficult to penetrate into the void layer.
- the reason (mechanism) for this is, for example, as follows. First, by utilizing the surface orientation (migration to the air interface) of a compound having surface orientation (for example, a compound having perfluoroalkyl), surface orientation is imparted to the nanoparticles themselves surface-modified with the compound. do.
- a compound having surface orientation for example, a compound having perfluoroalkyl
- the pores on the outermost surface of the void layer are filled with nanoparticles to physically suppress permeation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive.
- nanoparticles without surface modification do not have surface orientation, they are not oriented on the surface of the pore layer just by being present in the pore layer, and the effect of suppressing permeation is not obtained.
- the nanoparticles By modifying the nanoparticles with a compound having surface orientation, the nanoparticles have surface orientation toward the void layer. Thereby, as described above, the nanoparticles fill the voids on the outermost surface of the void layer and physically suppress the permeation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive.
- nanoparticles modified with a compound having surface orientation fill voids on the outermost surface of the void layer, thereby forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive permeation suppression layer on the outermost surface (surface layer). Accordingly, as described above, a step of forming a separate permeation suppression layer is not required, and an increase in the number of manufacturing steps due to the formation step of the permeation suppression layer can be avoided.
- these mechanisms are merely examples and do not limit the present invention.
- nanoparticles modified with a compound having surface orientation may be added to the coating solution for forming the void layer.
- the void layer of the present invention is a void layer formed by chemically bonding particles together, the void ratio of the void layer is 35% by volume or more, and the particles are an inorganic compound.
- the laminate of the present invention is characterized by comprising the void layer of the present invention and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer directly laminated on one or both sides of the void layer.
- the phrase “directly laminated” on the void layer may mean that the adhesive layer is in direct contact with the void layer, or that the adhesive layer is in direct contact with the void layer.
- An agent layer may be laminated on the void layer via the intermediate layer.
- the void residual ratio of the void layer is lower than the voids before the heating and humidifying durability test. It may be 70% by volume or more, 80% by volume or more, or 83% by volume or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is ideally 100% by volume, 99% by volume or less, 98% by volume or less, or It may be 95% by volume or less.
- the rate of increase in the thickness of the intermediate layer is determined by the heating and humidifying durability.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer before the test it may be 500% or less when the thickness of the intermediate layer before the heating and humidification durability test is taken as 100%.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer before the durability test for heating and humidification was taken as 100% of the thickness of the intermediate layer before the durability test for heating and humidification.
- it may be 500% or less, 400% or less, or 300% or less, such as 110% or more, 120% or more, 130% or more, or 150% or more.
- the void residual rate of the void layer after the heating and humidifying durability test is, for example, 80% of the void residual rate when only the void layer is subjected to the heating and humidifying durability test. 85% or more, or 88% or more, or 99% or less, 98% or less, or 97% or less.
- the light transmittance of the void layer of the present invention or the laminate of the present invention may be 80% or more. Further, for example, the void layer of the present invention or the laminate of the present invention may have a haze of 3% or less.
- the light transmittance may be, for example, 82% or more, 84% or more, 86% or more, or 88% or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is ideally 100%. % or less, 92% or less, 91% or less, or 90% or less.
- the haze of the void layer of the present invention or the laminate of the present invention can be measured, for example, by the haze measuring method described later.
- the light transmittance is the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 550 nm, and can be measured, for example, by the following measuring method.
- the laminate is used as a sample to be measured. Then, the total light transmittance (light transmittance) of the sample is measured when the total light transmittance of air is assumed to be 100%. The value of the total light transmittance (light transmittance) is the value measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the adhesive strength or adhesive strength of the adhesive layer is, for example, 0.7 N/25 mm or more, 0.8 N/25 mm or more, 1.0 N/25 mm or more, or 1.5 N/ It may be 25 mm or more, 50 N/25 mm or less, 30 N/25 mm or less, 10 N/25 mm or less, 5 N/25 mm or less, or 3 N/25 mm or less. From the viewpoint of the risk of peeling during handling when the laminate is laminated to other layers, it is preferable that the adhesive strength or adhesive strength of the adhesive layer is not too low. Moreover, from the viewpoint of reworking when reattaching, it is preferable that the adhesive force or adhesive force of the adhesive layer is not too high.
- the adhesive strength or adhesive strength of the adhesive layer can be measured, for example, as follows.
- a strip of 50 mm ⁇ 140 mm is sampled from the laminated film of the present invention (a laminate of the present invention formed on a resin film substrate), and the sample is fixed to a stainless steel plate with double-sided tape.
- An acrylic adhesive layer (thickness: 20 ⁇ m) was attached to a PET film (T100: manufactured by Mitsubishi Resin Film Co., Ltd.), and an adhesive tape piece cut to 25 mm ⁇ 100 mm was attached to the opposite side of the laminated film of the present invention from the resin film. Then, it is laminated with the PET film.
- the sample is chucked in an autograph tensile tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation: AG-Xplus) so that the distance between chucks is 100 mm, and then a tensile test is performed at a tensile speed of 0.3 m / min. .
- the average test force which performed a 50-mm peel test be adhesive peel strength, ie, adhesive force.
- Adhesive force can also be measured by the same measuring method. In the present invention, there is no clear distinction between "adhesion” and "adhesion”.
- the laminate of the present invention may be formed on a substrate such as a film, for example.
- the film may be, for example, a resin film.
- a relatively small thickness is called a "film”
- a relatively thick one is called a "sheet”. No particular distinction shall be made.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include thermoplastic resin substrates, glass substrates, inorganic substrates typified by silicon, plastics molded from thermosetting resins, elements such as semiconductors, Carbon fiber-based materials such as carbon nanotubes are preferably used, but are not limited to these.
- examples of the form of the substrate include a film and a plate.
- examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylic, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cycloolefin polymer (COP), triacetylcellulose (TAC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyethylene (PE). , polypropylene (PP), and the like.
- optical member of the present invention is not particularly limited, it may be, for example, an optical film containing the laminate of the present invention.
- the optical device (optical device) of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, an image display device or a lighting device.
- image display devices include a liquid crystal display, an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) display, a micro LED (Light Emitting Diode) display, and the like.
- lighting devices include organic EL lighting and the like.
- the void layer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the void layer of the present invention") in the laminate of the present invention will be described with examples.
- the void layer of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the void layer of the present invention may have, for example, a porosity of 35% by volume or more and a peak pore diameter of 50 nm or less.
- a porosity of 35% by volume or more and a peak pore diameter of 50 nm or less.
- this is an example, and the void layer of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the porosity may be, for example, 35% by volume or more, 38% by volume or more, or 40% by volume or more, and may be 90% by volume or less, 80% by volume or less, or 75% by volume or less.
- the void layer of the present invention may be, for example, a high void layer having a void ratio of 60% by volume or more.
- the porosity can be measured, for example, by the following measuring method.
- the layer to be measured for porosity is a single layer and contains only voids
- the ratio (volume ratio) of the constituent substances of the layer to air (volume ratio) can be calculated by a standard method (e.g., measuring the weight and volume to calculate the density).
- the porosity % by volume
- the porosity can be calculated from the refractive index value of the layer.
- the porosity is calculated by Lorentz-Lorenz's formula from the value of the refractive index measured by an ellipsometer.
- the void layer of the present invention can be produced, for example, by chemical bonding of gel pulverized material (microporous particles), as described later.
- the voids in the void layer can be conveniently classified into the following three types (1) to (3).
- the voids in (2) above are considered to be one mass (block) regardless of the size, size, etc. of the pulverized gel (microporous particles).
- the voids of (3) above are voids generated due to irregularities in size, size, etc. of the gel pulverized product (microporous particles) in pulverization (for example, medialess pulverization).
- the porous layer of the present invention has an appropriate porosity and peak pore size, for example, by having the above-mentioned (1) to (3) pores.
- the peak pore diameter may be, for example, 5 nm or more, 10 nm or more, or 20 nm or more, and may be 50 nm or less, 40 nm or less, or 30 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the peak pore diameter of the void layer is not particularly limited, but if the peak pore diameter is too small, it becomes difficult to increase the porosity.
- the peak pore diameter can be measured, for example, by the following method.
- the void layer of the present invention is a void layer formed by chemically bonding particles together.
- the particles are inorganic-organic composite particles in which an organic group is bonded to an inorganic compound, and the organic group is a linear or branched alkyl group R 1 group and a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- the molar ratio of R 2 groups to the sum of R 1 groups and R 2 groups is 1 to 30 mol %.
- the void layer of the present invention may contain nanoparticles surface-modified with a compound having surface orientation.
- the nanoparticles will be described in detail later.
- the void layer of the present invention may contain the nanoparticles in an amount of, for example, 10 to 50% by mass, 15 to 40% by mass, or 20 to 30% by mass relative to the skeleton component of the void layer.
- the “skeletal component” refers to a component other than air that has the largest mass among the components forming the void layer of the present invention.
- the "skeletal component" in the porous layer of the present invention is, for example, a condensation product of monoalkyl(trimethoxy)silane when the porous layer of the present invention is a silicone porous material.
- the thickness of the void layer of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the porous layer of the present invention uses pulverized porous gel to destroy the three-dimensional structure of the porous gel and create a new three-dimensional structure different from that of the porous gel. is formed.
- the porous layer of the present invention has a new pore structure (new pore structure) that cannot be obtained in the layer formed from the porous gel.
- a void layer of scale can be formed.
- the void layer of the present invention is, for example, a silicone porous material
- the void layer of the present invention chemically bonds the pulverized materials together while adjusting the number of siloxane-bonded functional groups of the silicon compound gel.
- a void layer can be easily and simply applied to various objects.
- the void layer of the present invention includes, for example, pulverized porous gel particles, and the pulverized particles are chemically bonded to each other, as will be described later.
- the form of chemical bonding (chemical bonding) between the pulverized materials is not particularly limited, and specific examples of the chemical bonding include cross-linking and the like.
- the method for chemically bonding the pulverized materials to each other is as described in detail, for example, in the method for producing a void layer described later.
- the cross-linking bond is, for example, a siloxane bond.
- the siloxane bond include the following T2 bond, T3 bond, and T4 bond.
- the silicone porous material of the present invention may have any one kind of bond, any two kinds of bonds, or all three kinds of bonds. good too.
- the siloxane bonds the greater the ratio of T2 and T3, the greater the flexibility and the inherent properties of the gel can be expected, but the film strength becomes weaker.
- the T4 ratio among the siloxane bonds is large, the film strength tends to be exhibited, but the pore size becomes small and the flexibility becomes weak. Therefore, for example, it is preferable to change the T2, T3, and T4 ratios depending on the application.
- the silicon atoms contained are preferably siloxane-bonded.
- the ratio of unbonded silicon atoms (that is, residual silanol) to all silicon atoms contained in the silicone porous material is, for example, less than 50%, 30% or less, or 15% or less.
- the void layer of the present invention has, for example, a pore structure.
- the pore size of a pore refers to the diameter of the major axis of the pore (pore), out of the diameter of the major axis and the diameter of the minor axis.
- the pore size is, for example, 5 nm to 50 nm.
- the void size has a lower limit of, for example, 5 nm or more, 10 nm or more, or 20 nm or more, and an upper limit of, for example, 50 nm or less, 40 nm or less, or 30 nm or less, and a range of, for example, 5 nm to 50 nm or 10 nm. ⁇ 40 nm. Since the preferred pore size is determined according to the use of the pore structure, it is necessary to adjust the pore size to the desired pore size according to the purpose, for example. Void size can be evaluated, for example, by the following method.
- the morphology of the void layer can be observed and analyzed using an SEM (scanning electron microscope).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the void layer is subjected to FIB processing (accelerating voltage: 30 kV) under cooling, and the obtained cross-sectional sample is subjected to FIB-SEM (manufactured by FEI: trade name Helios NanoLab 600, accelerating voltage: 1 kV).
- FIB processing accelerating voltage: 30 kV
- FIB-SEM manufactured by FEI: trade name Helios NanoLab 600, accelerating voltage: 1 kV
- the pore size can be quantified by the BET test method. Specifically, 0.1 g of the sample (the porous layer of the present invention) was put into the capillary of a pore distribution/specific surface area measuring device (BELLSORP MINI/trade name of Microtrack Bell), and then at room temperature for 24 hours. Vacuum drying is performed to degas the gas within the void structure. Then, by causing the sample to adsorb nitrogen gas, a BET plot, a BJH plot, and an adsorption isotherm are drawn to determine the pore distribution. This allows the void size to be evaluated.
- a pore distribution/specific surface area measuring device BELLSORP MINI/trade name of Microtrack Bell
- the void layer of the present invention may have, for example, a pore structure (porous structure) as described above, and may be, for example, an open cell structure in which the pore structure is continuous.
- the open cell structure means, for example, that the pore structure is three-dimensionally connected in the void layer, and it can also be said that the internal voids of the pore structure are continuous. If the porous body has an open-cell structure, it is possible to increase the porosity in the bulk, but if closed-cell particles such as hollow silica are used, the open-cell structure cannot be formed.
- the coating film (pulverized porous gel) is The dendritic particles settle and accumulate in the coating film of the sol containing the sol, so that an open-cell structure can be easily formed.
- the porous layer of the present invention more preferably forms a monolithic structure in which the open-cell structure has a plurality of pore distributions.
- the monolithic structure refers to, for example, a structure in which nano-sized fine voids exist and a layered structure in which the nano-sized voids are aggregated to form an open-cell structure.
- the monolithic structure when the monolithic structure is formed, for example, fine voids can provide film strength, while coarse open-cell voids can provide high porosity, so that both film strength and high porosity can be achieved.
- the monolithic structure when the porous gel is pulverized, can be formed by controlling the particle size distribution of the pulverized product to a desired size.
- the haze indicating transparency is not particularly limited, and the lower limit is, for example, 0.1% or more, 0.2% or more, or 0.3% or more, and the upper limit is, for example, , 10% or less, 5% or less, or 3% or less, and the range is, for example, 0.1 to 10%, 0.2 to 5%, or 0.3 to 3%.
- the haze can be measured, for example, by the following method.
- the void layer (the void layer of the present invention) is cut into a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and set in a haze meter (HM-150 manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory) to measure the haze.
- the refractive index of the void layer of the present invention is not particularly limited. is, for example, 1.05 or more, 1.06 or more, 1.07 or more, and the range is, for example, 1.05 or more and 1.3 or less, 1.05 or more and less than 1.3, or 1.05 or more and 1.05 or more. 0.25 or less, 1.06 or more to less than 1.2, 1.07 or more to 1.15 or less.
- the refractive index refers to the refractive index measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the method for measuring the refractive index is not particularly limited, and the refractive index can be measured, for example, by the following method.
- the acrylic film After forming the void layer (the void layer of the present invention) on the acrylic film, the acrylic film is cut into a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and adhered to the surface of a glass plate (thickness: 3 mm) with an adhesive layer.
- a sample that does not reflect light on the back surface of the glass plate is prepared by filling the central portion (about 20 mm in diameter) of the back surface of the glass plate with black ink. The sample is set in an ellipsometer (JA Woollam Japan: VASE), the refractive index is measured under the conditions of a wavelength of 500 nm and an incident angle of 50 to 80 degrees, and the average value is taken as the refractive index.
- the thickness of the void layer of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, 0.05 to 1000 ⁇ m, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the void layer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a film shape, a block shape, or the like.
- the method for producing the void layer of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be produced by the below-described production method.
- the void layer of the present invention is, as described above, a void layer formed by chemically bonding particles together.
- the particles are inorganic-organic composite particles in which an organic group is bonded to an inorganic compound, and the organic group is a linear or branched alkyl group R 1 group and a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- the molar ratio of R 2 groups to the sum of R 1 groups and R 2 groups is 1 to 30 mol %.
- the molar ratio of R 2 groups to the sum of R 1 groups and R 2 groups may be, for example, 30 mol % or less, 25 mol % or less, or 10 mol % or less, such as 1 mol % or more, 1.
- the molar ratio can be determined by comparing the intensity of the proton peak derived from the R 1 group and the proton peak derived from the R 2 group using solid-state NMR ( 1 H-NMR).
- R 1 group examples include, but are not limited to, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group and the like.
- the R 2 group is also not particularly limited, but is, for example, as described above.
- the particles contain the R 1 group and the R 2 group
- a compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group is used as a part or all of the raw materials for producing the particles. good.
- the compound having the R 1 group and the compound having the R 2 group in addition to or instead of the compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group, the compound having the R 1 group and the compound having the R 2 group and may be used.
- the compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group include, but are not limited to, a combination of methyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane.
- Methyltrimethoxysilane is a compound having a methyl group as the R1 group
- vinyltrimethoxysilane is a compound having a vinyl group as the R2 group.
- Other combinations of compounds having the R 1 group and the R 2 group include, for example, a combination of methyltrimethoxysilane and allyltrimethoxysilane, and a combination of methyltrimethoxysilane and 3-(acryloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.
- methyltriethoxysilane and allyltrimethoxysilane examples include a combination of triethoxysilane, a combination of methyltrimethoxysilane and 3-(acryloxy)propyltriethoxysilane, a combination of methyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltriethoxysilane, and the like.
- the compound having the R 1 group is not particularly limited, but examples include methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane. , isopropyltrimethoxysilane, isopropyltriethoxysilane, and the like.
- the compound having the R 2 group is not particularly limited, but examples include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, 3-(acryloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (Acryloxy)propyltriethoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, methylvinyldiethoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, tris(trimethylsiloxy)vinylsilane, dimethylethoxyvinylsilane, trimethoxy(7- octen-1-yl)silane, 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl methacrylate, 3-(methoxydimethylsilyl)propyl acrylate, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-(triethoxysily
- the content of the compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group, the compound having the R 1 group, and the compound having the R 2 group in the raw material is not particularly limited, but for example, the R It may be appropriately set so that the content ratio of the 1 group and the R 2 group is suitable.
- the content of the compound having the R 2 group in the raw material is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 30% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group. , or 10% by mass or less, for example, 1% by mass or more, 1.5% by mass or more, 1.8% by mass or more, or 2% by mass or more.
- compounds other than those having the above R 1 group and the above R 2 group may also be included.
- the void layer of the present invention may contain a compound having surface orientation as described above.
- the compound having surface orientation may contain, for example, a fluoroalkyl group having 5 to 17 or 5 to 10 fluorine atoms.
- the fluoroalkyl group may be an alkyl group in which only some hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine, or may be an alkyl group in which all hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine (perfluoroalkyl group).
- the fluoroalkyl group may be, for example, a fluoroalkyl group containing a perfluoroalkyl group in part of its structure.
- the alkyl group in the fluoroalkyl group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include linear or branched alkyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the compound having surface orientation is an alkoxysilane derivative
- the alkoxysilane derivative may contain a fluoroalkyl group having 5 to 17 or 5 to 10 fluorine atoms.
- the fluoroalkyl group may be an alkyl group in which only some hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine, or may be an alkyl group in which all hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine (perfluoroalkyl group).
- the fluoroalkyl group may be, for example, a fluoroalkyl group containing a perfluoroalkyl group in part of its structure.
- the alkyl group in the fluoroalkyl group is not particularly limited, but as described above, for example, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms can be mentioned.
- the alkoxysilane derivative may be, for example, a derivative of monoalkoxysilane, dialkoxysilane, trialkoxysilane, or tetraalkoxysilane. More specifically, it may be a derivative in which one or more alkyl groups among the alkoxy groups in one molecule of the alkoxysilane are replaced with the fluoroalkyl group. Examples of the alkyl group in the fluoroalkyl group are as described above.
- the alkoxy group in which the alkyl group is not replaced by a fluoroalkyl group is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, For example, it may be a methoxy group or the like.
- alkoxysilane derivatives include trimethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H-nonafluorohexyl)silane, trimethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl)silane, triethoxy[5 , 5,6,6,7,7,7-heptafluoro-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)heptyl]silane. Further, the alkoxysilane derivative may be used alone or in combination of multiple types.
- examples of the compound having surface orientation include, other than the alkoxysilane derivative, for example, having a perfluoro group, and further having a hydrophilic site such as a hydroxyl group or a sodium sulfonate group and a hydrophobic site at the end. in one structure.
- the nanoparticles are not particularly limited, but may be, for example, silica particles, or more specifically, for example, pulverized silicon compound gel as described later.
- the particle size of the nanoparticles is not particularly limited. It may be below.
- the volume average particle diameter is measured by, for example, a particle size distribution evaluation device such as a dynamic light scattering method and a laser diffraction method, and an electron microscope such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). can do.
- the method of modifying the nanoparticles with the compound having surface orientation is not particularly limited, and for example, known methods can be used as appropriate. More specifically, for example, the nanoparticles and the compound having surface orientation may be heated in a liquid to react.
- the medium (dispersion medium) in the liquid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water and alcohol. Examples of the alcohol include IPA (isopropyl alcohol), IBA (isobutyl alcohol), ethanol, and methanol. good.
- the reaction temperature and reaction time of the reaction are also not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate.
- the adhesive layer is not particularly limited.
- it has a (meth)acrylic polymer and one or two reactive double bonds per molecule.
- It can be formed using an adhesive agent coating liquid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "adhesive agent coating liquid of the present invention") containing a monomer, an isocyanate-based cross-linking agent, and an organic peroxide.
- adhesive agent coating liquid of the present invention containing a monomer, an isocyanate-based cross-linking agent, and an organic peroxide.
- the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention comprises, for example, the (meth)acrylic polymer, the monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule, the isocyanate cross-linking agent, It can be produced by a production method including a mixing step of mixing with the organic peroxide.
- the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention comprises a (meth)acrylic polymer, a monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule, an isocyanate cross-linking agent, and organic peroxides. Except for this, the pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof are as shown below.
- the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention comprises, for example, the (meth)acrylic polymer having, as a monomer component, 3 to 10% by weight of a heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer and a polymerizable functional group, and ( (Meth)acrylic acid containing 0.5 to 5% by weight of meth)acrylic acid, 0.05 to 2% by weight of hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, and 83 to 96.45% by weight of alkyl (meth)acrylate This (meth)acrylic polymer is used as the base polymer.
- heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer for example, one having a polymerizable functional group and a heterocyclic ring can be used without particular limitation.
- the polymerizable functional group include a (meth)acryloyl group and a vinyl ether group. Among these, a (meth)acryloyl group is preferred.
- Heterocyclic rings include morpholine ring, piperidine ring, pyrrolidine ring, piperazine ring and the like.
- Heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomers include, for example, N-acryloylmorpholine, N-acryloylpiperidine, N-methacryloylpiperidine, N-acryloylpyrrolidine and the like.
- N-acryloylmorpholine is preferred.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer can improve durability in both heat resistance and moisture resistance when the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is made thinner.
- N-acryloylmorpholine may be referred to as "ACMO".
- the heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer is preferable in that it can improve the adhesive strength of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to the optical film.
- it is preferable in terms of improving the adhesion to cyclic polyolefins such as norbornene-based resins, and is suitable when cyclic polyolefins are used as the optical film.
- the heterocycle-containing acrylic monomer is used, for example, in a proportion of 3 to 10% by weight with respect to the total amount of monomer components forming the (meth)acrylic polymer.
- the proportion of heterocycle-containing acrylic monomers may be, for example, 4-9.5% by weight or 6-9% by weight.
- the proportion of the heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer is preferably no less than the above range from the viewpoint of heat resistance and moisture resistance when the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is made thinner.
- the proportion of the heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer is preferably not more than the above range from the viewpoint of moisture resistance when the thickness is reduced.
- the ratio of the heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer is not more than the above range from the viewpoint of improving the bonding property of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Moreover, it is preferable that the ratio of the heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer is not more than the above range from the viewpoint of adhesive strength.
- acrylic acid is particularly preferable.
- (Meth)acrylic acid is used, for example, in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight with respect to the total amount of monomer components forming the (meth)acrylic polymer.
- the proportion of (meth)acrylic acid may be, for example, 1-4.5% by weight or 1.5-4% by weight.
- the proportion of (meth)acrylic acid is preferably not less than the above range from the viewpoint of heat resistance when the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (adhesive layer) is made thinner.
- the proportion of (meth)acrylic acid is preferably not more than the above range from the viewpoint of heat resistance and moisture resistance when the thickness is reduced.
- the proportion of (meth)acrylic acid is preferably not more than the above range from the viewpoint of adhesive strength.
- hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate for example, one having a polymerizable functional group and a hydroxyl group can be used without particular limitation.
- Hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates include, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxy Hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as hexyl (meth)acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, 10-hydroxydecyl (meth)acrylate, 12-hydroxylauryl (meth)acrylate are preferred.
- Hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate is used, for example, in a proportion of 0.05 to 2% by weight with respect to the total amount of monomer components forming the (meth)acrylic polymer.
- the proportion of hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates may be, for example, 0.075-1.5% by weight or 0.1-1% by weight.
- the proportion of hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably not less than the above range.
- the proportion of hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably not more than the above range from the viewpoint of heat resistance and moisture resistance when the thickness is reduced.
- the proportion of hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate is not more than the above range from the viewpoint of adhesive strength.
- the average carbon number of the alkyl group of the alkyl (meth)acrylate may be about 1 to 12.
- (Meth)acrylate refers to acrylate and/or methacrylate, and has the same meaning as (meth) in the present invention.
- Specific examples of alkyl (meth)acrylates include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate and isononyl (meth)acrylate. , lauryl (meth)acrylate, etc., and these can be used alone or in combination.
- alkyl (meth)acrylates having an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms are preferred.
- Alkyl (meth)acrylate is used, for example, in a proportion of 83 to 96.45% by weight with respect to the total amount of monomer components forming the (meth)acrylic polymer.
- Alkyl (meth)acrylates are usually the remainder other than the heterocycle-containing acrylic monomer, (meth)acrylic acid and hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate.
- any monomer other than the above is used within a range of 10% or less of the total amount of the monomers, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. be able to.
- the optional monomer examples include acid anhydride group-containing monomers such as maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride; caprolactone adducts of acrylic acid; styrenesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, and 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methylpropane.
- sulfonic acid group-containing monomers such as sulfonic acid, (meth)acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth)acrylate, and (meth)acryloyloxynaphthalenesulfonic acid; and phosphoric acid group-containing monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acryloyl phosphate. .
- Nitrogen-containing vinyl monomers can be mentioned.
- maleimide N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide
- (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N-diethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-hexyl(meth)acrylamide, N - (N-substituted) amide monomers such as methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, and N-methylolpropane (meth) acrylamide;
- (Meth)aminoethyl acrylate aminopropyl (meth)acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, t-butylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-(3-pyrinidyl)propyl (me
- vinyl monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and N-vinylcaprolactam; cyanoacrylate monomers such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; epoxy group-containing acrylic monomers such as glycidyl (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylic glycol-based acrylic ester monomers such as acid polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, and methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate; tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, fluorine (meth) Acrylic acid ester monomers such as acrylates, silicone (meth)acrylates and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate can also be used.
- examples of copolymerizable monomers other than the above include silane-based monomers containing silicon atoms.
- silane monomers include 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 4-vinylbutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-vinylbutyltriethoxysilane, 8-vinyloctyltrimethoxysilane.
- the (meth)acrylic polymer used in the present invention may have, for example, a weight average molecular weight of 1,500,000 to 2,800,000.
- the weight average molecular weight may be, for example, 1.7 million to 2.7 million or 2 million to 2.5 million.
- the weight-average molecular weight is preferably not smaller than the above range from the viewpoint of heat resistance and moisture resistance when the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is made thinner.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably not larger than the above range from the viewpoint of the durability, bonding property, and adhesive strength when the film is made thin.
- a weight average molecular weight is measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography), for example, and refers to the value calculated by polystyrene conversion.
- the method for producing such a (meth)acrylic polymer is not particularly limited, and known production methods such as solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and various radical polymerizations can be appropriately selected.
- the (meth)acrylic polymer to be obtained may be a random copolymer, a block copolymer, a graft copolymer, or the like.
- solution polymerization for example, ethyl acetate, toluene, etc. are used as the polymerization solvent.
- the reaction is carried out under a stream of inert gas such as nitrogen, with the addition of a polymerization initiator, for example, at a temperature of about 50 to 70° C. for about 5 to 30 hours.
- the polymerization initiator, chain transfer agent, emulsifier, etc. used for radical polymerization are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected and used.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the polymerization initiator and the chain transfer agent used and the reaction conditions, and the amount used is appropriately adjusted according to these types.
- polymerization initiators examples include 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis[2-(5-methyl-2 -imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) disulfate, 2,2'-azobis(N,N'-dimethyleneisobutyramidine), 2,2 Azo initiators such as '-azobis[N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methylpropionamidine] hydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., VA-057), persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate , di(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di(4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-sec-butyl peroxydi
- Examples include, but are not limited to, initiators, redox initiators that combine a peroxide and a reducing agent, such as a combination of persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and a combination of peroxide and sodium ascorbate. not something.
- the polymerization initiators may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- the content of the polymerization initiator as a whole may be, for example, about 0.005 to 1 part by weight or about 0.02 to 0.5 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monomer.
- a polymerization initiator for example, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile is used to produce a (meth)acrylic polymer having the above weight average molecular weight.
- a polymerization initiator for example, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile is used to produce a (meth)acrylic polymer having the above weight average molecular weight.
- it may be about 0.06 to 0.2 parts by weight or about 0.08 to 0.175 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the components.
- chain transfer agents examples include lauryl mercaptan, glycidyl mercaptan, mercaptoacetic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, thioglycolic acid, 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate, and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. Chain transfer agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the chain transfer agent as a whole is, for example, about 0.1 part by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the monomer components.
- emulsifiers used in emulsion polymerization include anionic emulsifiers such as sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ammonium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, and sodium polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate;
- anionic emulsifiers such as sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ammonium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, and sodium polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate
- nonionic emulsifiers such as ethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymers. These emulsifiers may be used alone or
- reactive emulsifiers emulsifiers into which a radically polymerizable functional group such as a propenyl group or an allyl ether group is introduced, specifically, for example, Aqualon HS-10, HS-20, KH-10, BC-05 , BC-10, BC-20 (all of which are manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), Adekaria Soap SE10N (manufactured by Asahi Denkako Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- Reactive emulsifiers are preferred because they are incorporated into the polymer chain after polymerization, resulting in improved water resistance.
- the amount of the emulsifier to be used is preferably 0.3 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the monomer components, and from the viewpoint of polymerization stability and mechanical stability.
- the content of the (meth)acrylic polymer in the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, the total mass of the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention is , 3% by mass or more, or 5% by mass or more, and may be, for example, 30% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or less.
- the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention contains a monomer having one or two reactive double bonds per molecule.
- the monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule is not particularly limited. is preferred, and an acrylic monomer is more preferred.
- the acrylic monomer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, the same monomers exemplified as the monomer component of the (meth)acrylic polymer.
- the structure of the side chain is not particularly limited, but the heterocyclic ring-containing monomer has a high elastic modulus in an appropriate range and a semi-polymer polymer. It is preferable from the point that a reduction in the amount can be achieved at the same time.
- the content of the monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule is not particularly limited, but for example, the (meth)acrylic It may be, for example, 0.1 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, or 1 wt% or more, for example, 30 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, or 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the polymer. It may be below.
- the adhesive agent coating liquid of the present invention contains an isocyanate-based cross-linking agent.
- the isocyanate-based cross-linking agent include, but are not limited to, aromatic isocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate and xylene diisocyanate, alicyclic isocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate, and aliphatic isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- the isocyanate-based cross-linking agent includes, for example, lower aliphatic polyisocyanates such as butylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate; alicyclic isocyanates such as cyclopentylene diisocyanate, cyclohexylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate; 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, aromatic diisocyanates such as polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, trimethylolpropane / tolylene diisocyanate trimer adduct (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.
- lower aliphatic polyisocyanates such as butylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate
- alicyclic isocyanates such as cyclopentylene diisocyanate,
- Coronate L trimethylolpropane/hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer adduct
- Coronate HL trimethylolpropane/hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer adduct
- isocyanurate of hexamethylene diisocyanate manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Coronate HX
- isocyanate adducts polyether polyisocyanates, polyester polyisocyanates, adducts of these with various polyols, polyisocyanates polyfunctionalized with isocyanurate bonds, biuret bonds, allophanate bonds, etc.
- the isocyanate-based cross-linking agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- An isocyanate-based cross-linking agent may be contained, for example, in an amount of 0.02 to 2 parts by weight, 0.04 to 1.5 parts by weight, or 0.05 to 1 part by weight.
- the content of the isocyanate-based cross-linking agent is preferably 0.02 parts by mass or more from the viewpoint of cohesive strength, and is preferably 2 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of suppressing or preventing a decrease in adhesive strength due to excessive cross-linking.
- the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention may or may not contain a cross-linking agent other than the isocyanate-based cross-linking agent.
- the other cross-linking agents include organic cross-linking agents and polyfunctional metal chelates.
- organic cross-linking agents include epoxy cross-linking agents and imine cross-linking agents.
- an isocyanate cross-linking agent is preferable.
- Polyfunctional metal chelates are those in which polyvalent metals are covalently or coordinately bonded to organic compounds. Polyvalent metal atoms include Al, Cr, Zr, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Zn, In, Ca, Mg, Mn, Y, Ce, Sr, Ba, Mo, La, Sn, and Ti. can give.
- the atoms in the organic compound that form a covalent bond or coordinate bond include oxygen atoms, and the organic compounds include alkyl esters, alcohol compounds, carboxylic acid compounds, ether compounds, ketone compounds, and the like.
- the adhesive agent coating liquid of the present invention contains an organic peroxide.
- the organic peroxide is not particularly limited, but for example, di(2-ethylhexyl)peroxydicarbonate, di(4-t-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate, di-sec-butylperoxydicarbonate, t -butyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-hexyl peroxypivalate, t-butyl peroxypivalate, dilauroyl peroxide, di-n-octanoyl peroxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl Peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, di(4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, 1,1-di(t-hexylperoxy)cyclohexane, t-butyl Hydroperoxide
- the content of the organic peroxide in the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.1 mass with respect to the total mass of the (meth)acrylic polymer. % or more, 0.5 mass % or more, 1 mass % or more, 2 mass % or more, or 2.5 mass % or more, for example, 20 mass % or less, 10 mass % or less, 8 mass % or less, Alternatively, it may be 6% by mass or less.
- the adhesive agent coating liquid of the present invention may further contain a solvent and the like.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, for example, the polymerization solvent used in the solution polymerization in the production of the (meth)acrylic polymer may be used as it is.
- the adhesive agent coating liquid of the present invention may optionally contain fillers such as tackifiers, plasticizers, glass fibers, glass beads, metal powders and other inorganic powders, pigments, Colorants, fillers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, silane coupling agents, etc., and various additives can be used as appropriate without departing from the object of the present invention.
- fillers such as tackifiers, plasticizers, glass fibers, glass beads, metal powders and other inorganic powders, pigments, Colorants, fillers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, silane coupling agents, etc.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that contains fine particles and exhibits light diffusing properties may be used.
- the reason (mechanism) is considered as follows, for example.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer using a specific pressure-sensitive adhesive it is possible to achieve both adhesive strength or adhesive strength and difficulty in permeation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive into voids. More specifically, for example, by forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer using a specific pressure-sensitive adhesive as described above, a part of the void layer and a part of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are united.
- An intermediate layer is formed by Further, by using the specific adhesive as described above, the intermediate layer does not spread excessively even under the conditions of the heat and humidification durability test.
- the intermediate layer serves as a stopper, and it is possible to suppress the decrease in the void ratio due to filling the voids of the void layer with the adhesive. Even if the molecular motion of the adhesive increases under heating, if the elastic modulus of the adhesive is high, the intermediate layer formed from the adhesive and the high-porosity layer tends to act as a strong and dense stopper, and the adhesive to the high-porosity layer tends to function. Permeation is suppressed.
- the (meth)acrylic polymer which is the main component of the pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid, can undergo a cross-linking reaction with an isocyanate-based cross-linking agent by heating.
- the coexistence of a monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule and an organic peroxide that is a hydrogen abstraction initiator causes the adhesive agent coating liquid to A semi-high molecular weight polymer component with a molecular weight of 10,000 or less contained therein is also highly crosslinked, and it is thought that penetration of components from the pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid into the void layer can be suppressed at a higher level.
- a semi-high molecular weight polymer component having a molecular weight of 10,000 or less easily permeates into the pores of the porous layer due to its small molecular size, but as the molecular size increases due to the cross-linking reaction, it penetrates into the pores of the porous layer. It is thought that permeation is suppressed. Furthermore, the coexistence of a monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule during the cross-linking reaction causes the graft reaction with the (meth)acrylic polymer main chain and the graft chain to be the starting point. It is presumed that high-density cross-linking becomes possible, and the amount of semi-high-molecular-weight polymer that can become a sol component itself decreases. However, these mechanisms are merely examples and do not limit the present invention.
- the monomer has one or two reactive double bonds per molecule in order to efficiently crosslink the main chains in the graft reaction. is preferred.
- (meth)acrylic means at least one of acrylic and methacrylic.
- (meth)acrylic acid means at least one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
- (Meth)acrylic acid ester means at least one of acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester.
- (Meth)acrylate means at least one of methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
- the "(meth)acrylic polymer” is, for example, at least selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, monomers having an acryloyl group, and monomers having a methacryloyl group A polymer having a structure obtained by polymerizing components containing one.
- the component may appropriately contain a substance other than at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, a monomer having an acryloyl group, and a monomer having a methacryloyl group. and may or may not contain
- the "acrylic monomer” is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, monomers having an acryloyl group, and monomers having a methacryloyl group. It refers to the monomer containing
- an "isocyanate-based cross-linking agent” refers to, for example, a cross-linking agent having an isocyanate group (isocyanato group) in the molecule.
- the number of isocyanate groups (isocyanato groups) in one molecule of the isocyanate-based cross-linking agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 or more, for example, may be 2, 3 or 4, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, For example, 10 or less.
- the method for producing the void layer and laminate of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, the production method described below can be used. However, the following description is an example and does not limit the present invention. In the following, the method for producing the void layer of the present invention may be referred to as "the method for producing the void layer of the present invention”.
- the void layer of the present invention may be made of, for example, a silicon compound.
- the void layer of the present invention may be, for example, a void layer formed by chemical bonding between microporous particles.
- the microporous particles may be ground gel.
- the void layer of the present invention may have, for example, the R 1 group and the R 2 group in addition to the skeleton formed by chemical bonding between the microporous particles.
- part or all of the silicon compound may be a compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group.
- the compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group compounds may also be used.
- Examples of the compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group, the compound having the R 1 group, and the compound having the R 2 group are not particularly limited, but are as described above.
- the content of the compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group, the compound having the R 1 group, and the compound having the R 2 group in the silicon compound is not particularly limited.
- the contents of the R 1 group and the R 2 group may be set as appropriate.
- the silicon compound may contain 3 to 20% by mass of vinyltrimethoxysilane as the compound having the R 2 group.
- the remainder of the silicon compound (other than vinyltrimethoxysilane) is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, MTMS (methyltrimethoxysilane).
- the content of the compound having the R 1 group in the silicon compound is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 99% by mass or less, 98.5% by mass or less, or 98% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the silicon compound. For example, it may be 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, or 70% by mass or more.
- the content of the compound having the R 2 group in the silicon compound is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 50% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, or 30% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the silicon compound. For example, it may be 1% by mass or more, 1.5% by mass or more, 1.8% by mass or more, or 2% by mass or more.
- the void layer of the present invention may contain, for example, nanoparticles surface-modified with the compound having surface orientation, in addition to the skeleton formed by chemical bonding between the microporous particles.
- the gel pulverization step for pulverizing the gel of the porous body may be performed in one step, but it is preferably performed in a plurality of pulverization steps.
- the number of pulverization stages is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, two stages or three or more stages.
- the shape of the "particles" is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, spherical or non-spherical.
- the particles of the pulverized material may be, for example, sol-gel beaded particles, nanoparticles (hollow nanosilica/nanoballoon particles), nanofibers, and the like.
- the gel is preferably a porous gel, and the pulverized product of the gel is preferably porous, but is not limited to this.
- the pulverized gel may have a structure having at least one shape of, for example, particulate, fibrous, and tabular.
- the particulate and tabular constitutional units may be composed of, for example, inorganic substances.
- the constituent element of the particulate constitutional unit may contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Mg, Al, Ti, Zn and Zr, for example.
- the structure (structural unit) forming the particulate may be either a real particle or a hollow particle, and specific examples include silicone particles, silicone particles having micropores, hollow silica nanoparticles, hollow silica nanoballoons, and the like.
- the fibrous constitutional unit is, for example, a nanofiber having a nano-sized diameter, and specifically includes cellulose nanofiber, alumina nanofiber, and the like.
- the tabular structural unit include nanoclay, and specific examples include nano-sized bentonite (for example, Kunipia F [trade name]).
- the fibrous structural unit is not particularly limited, but for example, from the group consisting of carbon nanofibers, cellulose nanofibers, alumina nanofibers, chitin nanofibers, chitosan nanofibers, polymer nanofibers, glass nanofibers, and silica nanofibers. At least one fibrous material may be selected.
- the gel pulverization step (e.g., the plurality of pulverization stages, for example, the first pulverization stage and the second pulverization stage) includes, for example, the "other solvent You can go inside. The details of the "other solvent” will be described later.
- the "solvent" e.g., gel-producing solvent, void layer-producing solvent, replacement solvent, etc.
- the "solvent” may not dissolve the gel or its pulverized product.
- a pulverized product or the like may be dispersed or precipitated in the solvent.
- the volume average particle size of the gel after the first pulverization step may be, for example, 0.5-100 ⁇ m, 1-100 ⁇ m, 1-50 ⁇ m, 2-20 ⁇ m, or 3-10 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle size of the gel after the second milling step may be, for example, 10-1000 nm, 100-500 nm, or 200-300 nm.
- the volume average particle diameter indicates the particle size variation of the pulverized material in the gel-containing liquid (gel-containing liquid).
- the volume average particle diameter is measured by, for example, a particle size distribution evaluation device such as a dynamic light scattering method and a laser diffraction method, and an electron microscope such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). can be done.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the method for producing a void layer of the present invention includes, for example, a gelation step of gelling a massive porous body in a solvent to form the gel.
- a gelation step of gelling a massive porous body in a solvent to form the gel for example, in the first pulverizing step (for example, the first pulverizing step) of the multiple pulverizing steps, the gel gelled by the gelling step is used.
- the method for producing the void layer of the present invention includes, for example, an aging step of aging the gelled gel in a solvent.
- the gel after the aging step is used in the first pulverizing step (for example, the first pulverizing step) among the multiple pulverizing steps.
- the solvent replacement step of replacing the solvent with another solvent is performed.
- the gel in the other solvent is used in the first pulverization step (for example, the first pulverization step) among the multiple pulverization steps.
- the shear viscosity of the liquid is measured. while controlling pulverization of the porous body.
- At least one of the plurality of pulverization steps (for example, at least one of the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step) in the method for producing a void layer of the present invention is performed, for example, by high-pressure medialess pulverization.
- the gel is, for example, a gel of a silicon compound containing at least trifunctional or less saturated functional groups.
- the pulverized gel-containing liquid obtained by the step including the gel pulverization step is hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "pulverized gel-containing liquid of the present invention".
- the functional porous body of the present invention can be obtained. of void layers can be formed.
- the porous layer of the present invention can be applied to various objects. Therefore, the pulverized gel-containing liquid of the present invention and the method for producing the same are useful, for example, in producing the porous layer of the present invention.
- the gel pulverized product-containing liquid of the present invention has, for example, extremely excellent uniformity. Therefore, for example, when the porous layer of the present invention is applied to applications such as optical members, the appearance is improved. be able to.
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention is used, for example, to obtain a layer having a high porosity (porous layer) by applying (coating) the pulverized gel product-containing liquid onto a substrate and drying it. It may be a gel pulverized product-containing liquid.
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention may be, for example, a liquid pulverized gel material for obtaining a high-porosity porous body (large thickness or massive bulk body).
- the bulk body can be obtained, for example, by bulk film formation using the pulverized gel-containing liquid.
- the step of producing the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention the step of adding nanoparticles surface-modified with the compound having surface orientation to the pulverized gel product-containing liquid, and coating it on a substrate.
- the porous layer of the present invention having a high porosity can be produced by a production method including the step of forming a coating film with a coating film, and the step of drying the coating film.
- a step of producing the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention a step of feeding the resin film in a roll form, and applying the pulverized gel product-containing liquid to the rolled resin film.
- a manufacturing method comprising the steps of: forming a film; drying the coating film; and after the drying step, winding up the laminated film in which the void layer of the present invention is formed on the resin film.
- a roll-shaped laminated film laminated film (laminated film roll) can be produced.
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention includes, for example, pulverized gel pulverized in the gel pulverization step (for example, the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step) and the other solvent.
- the method for producing a void layer of the present invention may include, for example, a plurality of gel pulverization steps for pulverizing the gel (for example, porous gel) as described above. step and said second grinding step.
- the case where the method for producing a pulverized gel-containing liquid of the present invention includes the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step will be mainly described as an example.
- the case where the gel is a porous body (porous gel) will be mainly described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the description of the case where the gel is a porous body (porous body gel) can be analogously applied to cases other than the case where the gel is a porous body.
- the plurality of pulverization steps (for example, the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step) in the method for producing a void layer of the present invention may be collectively referred to as a "gel pulverization step”.
- the pulverized gel-containing liquid of the present invention can be used, for example, to produce a functional porous body that exhibits the same function as an air layer (for example, low refractive index), as described later.
- the functional porous body may be, for example, the void layer of the present invention.
- the pulverized gel material-containing liquid obtained by the production method of the present invention contains the pulverized material of the porous gel, and the pulverized material has the three-dimensional structure of the unpulverized porous gel destroyed. , a new three-dimensional structure different from the unpulverized porous gel can be formed.
- the coating film (precursor of the functional porous material) formed using the liquid containing the pulverized gel is a new layer that cannot be obtained with the layer formed using the unpulverized porous gel. It becomes a layer in which a pore structure (a new void structure) is formed. This allows the layer to have the same function as the air layer (for example, the same low refractive index).
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention for example, after the pulverized product contains residual silanol groups, a new three-dimensional structure is formed as the coating film (precursor of the functional porous body). , the pulverized products can be chemically bonded together.
- the formed functional porous body has a structure with voids, but can maintain sufficient strength and flexibility. Therefore, according to the present invention, the functional porous body can be easily and simply applied to various objects.
- the gel pulverized material-containing liquid obtained by the production method of the present invention is very useful, for example, in the production of the above-mentioned porous structure that can serve as a substitute for an air layer. Further, in the case of the air layer, for example, it is necessary to form an air layer between the members by laminating the members with a gap provided by interposing a spacer or the like between the members.
- the functional porous body formed using the pulverized gel-containing liquid of the present invention can exhibit the same function as the air layer simply by arranging it at the target site. Therefore, as described above, a function similar to that of the air layer can be imparted to various objects more easily and simply than forming the air layer.
- the pulverized gel-containing liquid of the present invention can also be called, for example, the solution for forming the functional porous body, or the solution for forming the void layer or the low refractive index layer.
- the porous body is a pulverized material thereof.
- the volume average particle size range of the pulverized product is, for example, 10 to 1000 nm, 100 to 500 nm, and 200 to 300 nm.
- the volume average particle diameter indicates the particle size variation of the pulverized product in the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention.
- the volume average particle diameter is, as described above, for example, a dynamic light scattering method, a particle size distribution evaluation device such as a laser diffraction method, and an electron microscope such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). can be measured by
- the gel concentration of the pulverized product is not particularly limited. 4.0% by weight, 2.8-3.2% by weight.
- the gel eg, porous gel
- examples thereof include silicon compounds.
- the silicon compound is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include silicon compounds containing at least trifunctional or less saturated functional groups.
- the above-mentioned "containing saturated functional groups of 3 or less functional groups” means that the silicon compound has 3 or less functional groups, and these functional groups are saturated with silicon (Si).
- the silicon compound is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- R 1 and R 2 are each a linear or branched alkyl group, R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different, R 1 may be the same or different when X is 2; R 2 may be the same or different from each other.
- Said X and R1 are, for example, the same as X and R1 in formula (1) described later.
- R 2 for example, examples of R 1 in formula (1) described later can be used.
- a compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group may be used as described above. Further, for example, as described above, in addition to or instead of the compound having the R 1 group and the R 2 group, the compound having the R 1 group and the compound having the R 2 group may be used. good.
- the silicon compound represented by the formula (2) include compounds represented by the following formula (2′) in which X is 3.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same as in formula (2) above.
- the silicon compound is trimethoxy(methyl)silane (hereinafter also referred to as “MTMS”).
- the solvent includes, for example, a dispersion medium.
- the dispersion medium (hereinafter also referred to as "coating solvent") is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a gelling solvent and a pulverization solvent described later, preferably the pulverization solvent.
- the coating solvent includes an organic solvent having a boiling point of 70°C or higher and lower than 180°C and a saturated vapor pressure of 15 kPa or lower at 20°C.
- organic solvent examples include carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, trichlorethylene, isobutyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, 1-pentyl alcohol (pentanol), Ethyl alcohol (ethanol), ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol mono-normal-butyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, xylene, cresol, chlorobenzene, isobutyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide,
- the pulverized gel-containing liquid of the present invention examples include a sol particle liquid, which is the sol-like pulverized material dispersed in the dispersion medium.
- the gel pulverized product-containing liquid of the present invention is, for example, coated and dried on a substrate, and then chemically crosslinked in the bonding step described later to continuously form a void layer having a film strength of a certain level or more.
- the "sol" in the present invention is obtained by pulverizing the three-dimensional structure of the gel, so that the pulverized product (that is, the particles of the porous sol with a nano-three-dimensional structure retaining a part of the void structure) is in a solvent. It refers to a state in which liquidity is exhibited by dispersing in
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention may contain, for example, a catalyst for chemically bonding the pulverized gel products to each other.
- the content of the catalyst is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01 to 20% by weight, 0.05 to 10% by weight, or 0.1 to 5% by weight with respect to the weight of the pulverized gel. .
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention may further contain, for example, a cross-linking aid for indirectly bonding the pulverized gel products to each other.
- a cross-linking aid for indirectly bonding the pulverized gel products to each other.
- the content of the cross-linking aid is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01 to 20% by weight, 0.05 to 15% by weight, or 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the pulverized gel. is.
- the proportion of functional groups that do not contribute to the crosslinked structure in the gel among the functional groups of the gel constituent monomers is, for example, 30 mol% or less, 25 mol% or less, or 20 mol% or less. % or less and 15 mol % or less, for example, 1 mol % or more, 2 mol % or more, 3 mol % or more, or 4 mol % or more.
- the proportion of functional groups that do not contribute to the intra-gel crosslinked structure can be measured, for example, as follows.
- the method for producing the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention will be described below with examples.
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention can refer to the following description unless otherwise specified.
- the mixing step is a step of mixing the particles (pulverized product) of the porous gel and the solvent, and may or may not be included.
- the mixing step for example, a step of mixing a pulverized product of a gel-like silicon compound (silicon compound gel) obtained from a silicon compound containing at least trifunctional or less saturated functional groups with a dispersion medium. mentioned.
- the pulverized porous gel can be obtained from the porous gel by a gel pulverization step described below. Further, the pulverized porous gel can be obtained, for example, from the porous gel that has been subjected to an aging process, which will be described later.
- the gelling step is, for example, a step of gelling a massive porous body in a solvent to form the porous body gel, and a specific example of the gelling step is For example, the step of gelling the silicon compound containing at least trifunctional or less saturated functional groups in a solvent to form a silicon compound gel.
- the gelation step will be described with an example in which the porous body is a silicon compound.
- the gelation step is, for example, a step of gelling the monomeric silicon compound by a dehydration condensation reaction in the presence of a dehydration condensation catalyst, whereby a silicon compound gel is obtained.
- the silicon compound gel has, for example, residual silanol groups, and the residual silanol groups are preferably adjusted appropriately according to the chemical bonding between pulverized silicon compound gels described later.
- the silicon compound is not particularly limited as long as it gels by a dehydration condensation reaction.
- the silicon compounds are bonded. Bonds between the silicon compounds are, for example, hydrogen bonds or intermolecular force bonds.
- Examples of the silicon compound include silicon compounds represented by the following formula (1). Since the silicon compound of formula (1) has a hydroxyl group, hydrogen bonding or intermolecular force bonding is possible between the silicon compounds of formula (1), for example, via the respective hydroxyl groups.
- X is 2, 3 or 4
- R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in R 1 is, for example, 1-6, 1-4, 1-2.
- Examples of the straight-chain alkyl group include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group and hexyl group, and examples of the branched alkyl group include isopropyl group and isobutyl group.
- Said X is 3 or 4, for example.
- the silicon compound represented by the formula (1) include compounds represented by the following formula (1′) in which X is 3.
- R 1 is the same as in formula (1) above, and is, for example, a methyl group.
- the silicon compound is tris(hydroxy)methylsilane.
- X is 3, the silicon compound is, for example, trifunctional silane having three functional groups.
- silicon compound represented by the formula (1) examples include, for example, compounds in which X is 4.
- the silicon compound is, for example, a tetrafunctional silane having four functional groups.
- the silicon compound may be, for example, a precursor that forms the silicon compound of formula (1) by hydrolysis.
- the precursor for example, any precursor can be used as long as it can generate the silicon compound by hydrolysis, and specific examples thereof include the compound represented by the formula (2).
- the production method of the present invention may include, for example, a step of hydrolyzing the precursor prior to the gelling step.
- the hydrolysis method is not particularly limited, and can be carried out, for example, by a chemical reaction in the presence of a catalyst.
- the catalyst include acids such as oxalic acid and acetic acid.
- the hydrolysis reaction can be carried out, for example, by slowly dropping and mixing an aqueous solution of oxalic acid with the dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the silicon compound precursor at room temperature, and then stirring the mixture for about 30 minutes.
- hydrolyzing the silicon compound precursor for example, by completely hydrolyzing the alkoxy groups of the silicon compound precursor, the subsequent gelation, aging, and heating/fixing after formation of the pore structure are further performed. It can be expressed efficiently.
- the silicon compound can be exemplified by, for example, a hydrolyzate of trimethoxy(methyl)silane.
- the silicon compound of the monomer is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected, for example, depending on the application of the functional porous body to be produced.
- the silicon compound is preferably the trifunctional silane from the viewpoint of excellent low refractive index property.
- the tetrafunctional silane is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent scratch resistance.
- the silicon compound as a raw material of the silicon compound gel for example, only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the silicon compound may contain only the trifunctional silane, may contain only the tetrafunctional silane, or may contain both the trifunctional silane and the tetrafunctional silane, Furthermore, other silicon compounds may be included.
- the ratio is not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate.
- the gelation of the porous body such as the silicon compound can be performed, for example, by a dehydration condensation reaction between the porous bodies.
- the dehydration condensation reaction is, for example, preferably carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
- the catalyst include acid catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, and sulfuric acid, and ammonia, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and the like.
- dehydration condensation catalysts such as basic catalysts of The dehydration condensation catalyst may be either an acid catalyst or a base catalyst, but a base catalyst is preferred.
- the amount of the catalyst added to the porous body is not particularly limited. 0.1 to 5 mol.
- the gelation of the porous material such as the silicon compound is preferably carried out, for example, in a solvent.
- the proportion of the porous body in the solvent is not particularly limited.
- the solvent include dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF), ⁇ -butyllactone (GBL), acetonitrile (MeCN), ethylene Glycol ethyl ether (EGEE) and the like are included.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- DMAc N,N-dimethylacetamide
- DMF dimethylformamide
- GBL ⁇ -butyllactone
- MeCN acetonitrile
- EGEE ethylene Glycol ethyl ether
- the gelation conditions are not particularly limited.
- the treatment temperature for the solvent containing the porous body is, for example, 20 to 30°C, 22 to 28°C, 24 to 26°C, and the treatment time is, for example, 1 to 60 minutes, 5 to 40 minutes, 10 to 30 minutes. minutes.
- the treatment conditions are not particularly limited, and these examples can be used.
- the porous body is a silicon compound
- the gelation causes, for example, siloxane bonds to grow to form primary particles of the silicon compound, and the reaction proceeds to allow the primary particles to A gel with a three-dimensional structure is formed in a series of beads.
- the gel form of the porous body obtained in the gelation step is not particularly limited.
- Gel generally refers to a solidified state in which solutes have a structure in which they lose their independent mobility due to interaction and aggregate.
- wet gel generally includes a dispersion medium and a solute has a uniform structure in the dispersion medium. It means something that takes In the present invention, it is preferable to use, for example, a wet gel as the silicon compound gel.
- the porous body gel is a silicon compound gel
- the residual silanol groups of the silicon compound gel are not particularly limited, and for example, the range described later can be similarly exemplified.
- the porous gel obtained by the gelation may, for example, be directly subjected to the solvent replacement step and the first pulverization step, but prior to the first pulverization step, it is subjected to aging treatment in the aging step. may be applied.
- the gelled porous body (porous body gel) is aged in a solvent.
- conditions for the aging treatment are not particularly limited, and for example, the porous gel may be incubated in a solvent at a predetermined temperature. According to the aging treatment, for example, in the porous gel having a three-dimensional structure obtained by gelation, the primary particles can be further grown, thereby increasing the size of the particles themselves. be.
- the contact state of the neck portion where the particles are in contact with each other can be increased from point contact to surface contact, for example.
- a porous gel subjected to the aging treatment as described above has, for example, increased strength of the gel itself, and as a result, the strength of the three-dimensional basic structure of the pulverized product after pulverization can be further improved.
- the pore size of the pore structure in which the three-dimensional basic structure is deposited is Shrinkage due to volatilization of the solvent in the coating film that occurs in the drying step can be suppressed.
- the temperature of the aging treatment has a lower limit, for example, of 30° C. or higher, 35° C. or higher, or 40° C. or higher, and an upper limit of, for example, 80° C. or lower, 75° C. or lower, or 70° C. or lower, and the range is , for example, 30-80°C, 35-75°C, 40-70°C.
- the predetermined time is not particularly limited, and the lower limit is, for example, 5 hours or more, 10 hours or more, or 15 hours or more, and the upper limit is, for example, 50 hours or less, 40 hours or less, or 30 hours or less. , the range is, for example, 5-50 hours, 10-40 hours, 15-30 hours.
- the optimum aging conditions are, for example, preferably set to conditions under which an increase in the size of the primary particles and an increase in the contact area of the neck portion in the porous gel are obtained, as described above. .
- the temperature of the aging treatment for example, the boiling point of the solvent to be used.
- the aging treatment for example, if the aging temperature is too high, the solvent may be excessively volatilized, and the concentration of the coating liquid may cause problems such as closing of the pores of the three-dimensional void structure. be.
- the aging temperature for example, if the aging temperature is too low, the effect of the aging cannot be sufficiently obtained, and the temperature variation increases over time in the mass production process, which may result in the production of products of inferior quality.
- the same solvent as in the gelation step can be used.
- the reaction product after the gel treatment that is, the solvent containing the porous gel
- the reaction product after the gel treatment can be directly subjected to the aging treatment.
- the porous body gel is the silicon compound gel
- the number of moles of residual silanol groups contained in the silicon compound gel that has undergone aging treatment after gelation is, for example, the raw material used for gelation (for example, the silicon compound or its precursor) is the ratio of residual silanol groups when the number of moles of alkoxy groups is 100, and the lower limit is, for example, 50% or more, 40% or more, or 30% or more, and the upper limit is , for example, 1% or less, 3% or less, 5% or less, and the range is, for example, 1 to 50%, 3 to 40%, 5 to 30%.
- the lower the number of moles of residual silanol groups For the purpose of increasing the hardness of the silicon compound gel, for example, the lower the number of moles of residual silanol groups, the better. If the number of moles of residual silanol groups is too high, for example, in the formation of the functional porous body, the pore structure may not be maintained until the precursor of the functional porous body is crosslinked. On the other hand, if the number of moles of residual silanol groups is too low, for example, in the bonding step, the precursor of the functional porous body cannot be crosslinked, and sufficient film strength may not be imparted.
- the above are examples of residual silanol groups. A similar phenomenon can be applied to
- the porous gel obtained by the gelation is, for example, subjected to aging treatment in the aging process, then subjected to a solvent replacement process, and then subjected to the gel pulverization process.
- the solvent replacement step replaces the solvent with another solvent.
- the gel pulverization step is a step of pulverizing the porous gel, as described above.
- the pulverization may be performed on the porous gel after the gelation step, or may be performed on the aged porous gel that has been subjected to the aging treatment.
- a gel morphology control step for controlling the shape and size of the gel may be performed prior to the solvent replacement step (for example, after the aging step).
- the shape and size of the gel to be controlled in the gel form control step are not particularly limited, but are, for example, as described above.
- the gel morphology control step may be performed, for example, by dividing (for example, cutting) the gel into three-dimensional bodies (three-dimensional bodies) having appropriate sizes and shapes.
- the gel is subjected to the solvent replacement step and then the gel pulverization step.
- the solvent replacement step replaces the solvent with another solvent. If the solvent is not replaced with the other solvent, for example, the catalyst and solvent used in the gelation step remain after the aging step, and gelation occurs over time, resulting in gel pulverization finally obtained. This is because there is a possibility that the pot life of the product-containing liquid may be affected, and the drying efficiency may be lowered when a coating film formed using the gel pulverized product-containing liquid is dried.
- the other solvent used in the gel pulverization step is hereinafter also referred to as a "pulverization solvent".
- the solvent for pulverization is not particularly limited, and for example, an organic solvent can be used.
- the organic solvent include solvents having a boiling point of 140° C. or lower, 130° C. or lower, a boiling point of 100° C. or lower, and a boiling point of 85° C. or lower. Specific examples include isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, pentyl alcohol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), methyl cellosolve, and acetone.
- the pulverizing solvent may be, for example, one type or a combination of two or more types.
- the solvent replacement step is divided into a plurality of solvent replacement steps, and in the solvent replacement step, the later step is performed more than the earlier step. , the hydrophilicity of the other solvent may be lowered. By doing so, it is possible, for example, to improve the solvent replacement efficiency and to make the residual amount of the gel-forming solvent (eg, DMSO) in the gel extremely low.
- the solvent replacement step is divided into three solvent replacement steps, and in the first solvent replacement step, DMSO in the gel is first replaced with water, and then in the second solvent replacement step. , the water in the gel may be replaced with IPA, and in the third replacement step, the IPA in the gel may be replaced with isobutyl alcohol.
- the combination of the gelling solvent and the grinding solvent is not particularly limited. and the like. By substituting the crushing solvent for the gelling solvent in this manner, for example, a more uniform coating film can be formed in the coating film formation described later.
- the solvent replacement step is not particularly limited, it can be performed, for example, as follows. That is, first, the gel produced by the gel production step (for example, the gel after the aging treatment) is immersed in or brought into contact with the other solvent, and the gel production catalyst in the gel and the alcohol component produced by the condensation reaction , water, etc., are dissolved in the other solvent. Thereafter, the solvent in which the gel is immersed or contacted is discarded, and the gel is again immersed in or contacted with a new solvent. This is repeated until the residual amount of the gel-producing solvent in the gel reaches the desired amount.
- the gel produced by the gel production step for example, the gel after the aging treatment
- the gel production catalyst in the gel and the alcohol component produced by the condensation reaction , water, etc. are dissolved in the other solvent.
- the solvent in which the gel is immersed or contacted is discarded, and the gel is again immersed in or contacted with a new solvent. This is repeated until the residual amount of the gel-producing solvent in the gel reaches the
- the immersion time per time is, for example, 0.5 hours or more, 1 hour or more, or 1.5 hours or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 hours or less.
- the immersion in the solvent may be performed by continuously contacting the gel with the solvent.
- the temperature during the immersion is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 20 to 70°C, 25 to 65°C, or 30 to 60°C. Heating accelerates the solvent replacement and reduces the amount of solvent required for the replacement, but the solvent replacement may be conveniently performed at room temperature. Further, for example, when the solvent replacement step is divided into a plurality of solvent replacement steps and performed, each of the plurality of solvent replacement steps may be performed as described above.
- the solvent replacement step is performed by dividing into a plurality of solvent replacement steps, and when the hydrophilicity of the other solvent is lower in the step performed later than in the step performed earlier, the other solvent (solvent for replacement) is not particularly limited.
- the other solvent (substitution solvent) is preferably a void layer-producing solvent.
- the void layer forming solvent include solvents having a boiling point of 140° C. or less.
- the void layer forming solvent include alcohols, ethers, ketones, ester solvents, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, and aromatic solvents. Specific examples of alcohols having a boiling point of 140° C.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- ethers having a boiling point of 140° C. or less include propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and the like.
- ketones having a boiling point of 140° C. or less include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, and the like.
- Specific examples of aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents having a boiling point of 140° C. or lower include hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, and the like.
- Specific examples of aromatic solvents having a boiling point of 140° C. or less include toluene, benzene, xylene, and anisole.
- Alcohol, ether, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon-based solvent is preferable as the solvent for forming the void layer from the viewpoint of hardly corroding the base material (for example, resin film) during coating.
- the pulverization solvent may be, for example, one type, or two or more types in combination.
- isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol (IBA), pentyl alcohol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), methyl cellosolve, heptane, and octane have low volatility at room temperature.
- it is preferable that the saturated vapor pressure of the void layer-forming solvent is not too high (ie, the volatility is not too high) in order to suppress scattering of the particles (for example, silica compound) that are the material of the gel.
- a solvent having an aliphatic group having 3 or 4 or more carbon atoms is preferable, and a solvent having an aliphatic group having 4 or more carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the solvent having an aliphatic group with 3 or 4 or more carbon atoms may be alcohol, for example. Specific examples of such solvents include isopropyl alcohol (IPA), isobutyl alcohol (IBA), n-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, and 2-pentanol, and isobutyl alcohol ( IBA) is preferred.
- the other solvent (solvent for replacement) other than the last solvent replacement step is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include alcohols, ethers, ketones, and the like.
- alcohol include isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol (IBA), pentyl alcohol and the like.
- ethers include propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and the like.
- Specific examples of ketones include acetone and the like.
- the other solvent (replacement solvent) may be any solvent as long as it can replace the gel-producing solvent or the other solvent (replacement solvent) in the previous step.
- the other solvent (solvent for replacement) other than the last solvent replacement step does not remain in the gel in the end, or even if it remains, the base material (e.g., resin film)
- the base material e.g., resin film
- Alcohol is preferable as the other solvent (solvent for substitution) other than the last solvent substitution step, from the viewpoint of less erosion of the base material (for example, resin film) during coating.
- the other solvent is preferably alcohol.
- the other solvent may be, for example, water or a mixed solvent containing water in any proportion.
- Water or a mixed solvent containing water is highly compatible with a highly hydrophilic gel-producing solvent (eg, DMSO), so that it is easy to replace the gel-producing solvent, and is also preferable in terms of cost.
- a highly hydrophilic gel-producing solvent eg, DMSO
- the plurality of solvent replacement steps include a step in which the other solvent is water, a subsequent step in which the other solvent is a solvent having an aliphatic group having 3 or less carbon atoms, and a subsequent step in which the and C., wherein the other solvent is a solvent having an aliphatic group with 4 or more carbon atoms.
- At least one of the solvent having an aliphatic group having 3 or less carbon atoms and the solvent having an aliphatic group having 4 or more carbon atoms may be an alcohol.
- the alcohol having an aliphatic group with 3 or less carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, methanol, n-propyl alcohol and the like.
- Alcohols having an aliphatic group of 4 or more carbon atoms are not particularly limited, but examples include n-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol (IBA), pentyl alcohol and the like.
- the solvent having an aliphatic group with 3 or less carbon atoms may be isopropyl alcohol, and the solvent having an aliphatic group with 4 or more carbon atoms may be isobutyl alcohol.
- the present inventors have found that it is very important to pay attention to the residual amount of the gel-producing solvent in order to form a porous layer having film strength under relatively mild conditions of, for example, 200° C. or lower. rice field.
- This knowledge is not disclosed in the prior art including the above-mentioned patent documents and non-patent documents, and is a knowledge independently discovered by the present inventors.
- the gel-producing solvent is preferably a solvent with a high boiling point (for example, DMSO, etc.) in order to promote the gelation reaction.
- the normal drying temperature and drying time (not particularly limited, but for example, 100° C. for 1 minute) will cause the above Complete removal of high-boiling solvents is difficult.
- the "solvent" e.g., gel-producing solvent, void layer-producing solvent, replacement solvent, etc.
- the "solvent” may not dissolve the gel or its pulverized product.
- a pulverized product or the like may be dispersed or precipitated in the solvent.
- the gel-producing solvent may, for example, have a boiling point of 140°C or higher, as described above.
- the gel-producing solvent is, for example, a water-soluble solvent.
- water-soluble solvent refers to a solvent that can be mixed with water at any ratio.
- each solvent replacement step can be performed, for example, as follows. That is, first, the gel is immersed in or brought into contact with the other solvent, and the gel-producing catalyst in the gel, the alcohol component generated by the condensation reaction, water, and the like are dissolved in the other solvent. Thereafter, the solvent in which the gel is immersed or contacted is discarded, and the gel is again immersed in or contacted with a new solvent. This is repeated until the residual amount of the gel-producing solvent in the gel reaches the desired amount.
- the immersion time per time is, for example, 0.5 hours or more, 1 hour or more, or 1.5 hours or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 hours or less.
- the immersion in the solvent may be performed by continuously contacting the gel with the solvent.
- the temperature during the immersion is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 20 to 70°C, 25 to 65°C, or 30 to 60°C. Heating accelerates the solvent replacement and reduces the amount of solvent required for the replacement, but the solvent replacement may be conveniently performed at room temperature.
- the other solvent replacement solvent
- the other solvent replacement solvent
- the other solvent substitution solvent
- the other solvent substitution solvent
- the other solvent substitution solvent
- the other solvent substitution solvent
- the residual amount of the gel-producing solvent in the gel can be extremely reduced.
- the amount of solvent to be used can be reduced to a very low level compared to, for example, one-step solvent replacement using only the coating solvent, and the cost can be reduced.
- a gel pulverization step of pulverizing the gel in the pulverization solvent is performed. Further, for example, as described above, after the solvent replacement step, prior to the gel pulverization step, if necessary, the gel concentration may be measured, and then, if necessary, the gel concentration adjustment step may be performed. good.
- the gel concentration measurement after the solvent replacement step and before the gel pulverization step can be performed, for example, as follows. That is, first, after the solvent replacement step, the gel is taken out from the other solvent (solvent for pulverization). This gel is controlled into a mass of appropriate shape and size (for example, block-like) by, for example, the gel morphology control step.
- the concentration of solid content in one gel mass is measured by a weight drying method.
- the measurement is performed on a plurality of (for example, 6) blocks taken out at random, and the average value and the variation of the values are calculated.
- the gel concentration of the gel-containing liquid may be reduced by further adding the other solvent (solvent for pulverization).
- the gel concentration of the gel-containing liquid may be increased by evaporating the other solvent (solvent for pulverization).
- the gel pulverization step may be performed in one step, but it is preferable to divide it into a plurality of pulverization steps.
- the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step may be performed.
- the gel pulverization step may include a gel pulverization step in addition to the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step. That is, in the production method of the present invention, the gel pulverization step is not limited to two stages of pulverization, and may include three or more stages of pulverization.
- a liquid (for example, a suspension) containing the microporous particles (pulverized gel compound) can be prepared. Further, after the liquid containing the microporous particles is prepared or during the preparation process, a catalyst for chemically bonding the microporous particles is added to prepare a containing liquid containing the microporous particles and the catalyst. can do.
- the amount of the catalyst to be added is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01 to 20% by weight, 0.05 to 10% by weight, or 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the pulverized product of the gelled silicon compound. %.
- the catalyst may be, for example, a catalyst that promotes cross-linking between the microporous particles.
- the microporous particles As a chemical reaction for chemically bonding the microporous particles, it is preferable to use a dehydration condensation reaction of residual silanol groups contained in silica sol molecules. By promoting the reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the silanol groups with the catalyst, it is possible to form a continuous film that hardens the pore structure in a short time.
- the catalyst include photoactivated catalysts and thermally activated catalysts. According to the photoactive catalyst, for example, in the void layer forming step, the microporous particles can be chemically bonded (for example, cross-linked) without heating.
- a substance that generates a catalyst may be used.
- a substance that generates a catalyst with light photocatalyst generator
- a catalyst with heat may be used. You may use the substance (thermal catalyst generating agent) which generate
- the photocatalyst generator is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include photobase generators (substances that generate basic catalysts by light irradiation), photoacid generators (substances that generate acidic catalysts by light irradiation), and the like. , a photobase generator is preferred.
- photobase generator examples include 9-anthrylmethyl N,N-diethylcarbamate (9-anthrylmethyl N,N-diethylcarbamate, trade name WPBG-018), (E)-1-[3-(2- Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]piperidine ((E)-1-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]piperidine, trade name WPBG-027), 1-(anthraquinone-2-yl)ethyl imidazole carboxy rate (1-(anthraquinon-2-yl)ethyl imidazolecarboxylate, trade name WPBG-140), 2-nitrophenylmethyl 4-methacryloyloxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (trade name WPBG-165), 1,2-diisopropyl- 3-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]guanidinium 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propionate (trade name WPBG-
- the photoacid generator include aromatic sulfonium salts (trade name SP-170: ADEKA), triarylsulfonium salts (trade name CPI101A: San-Apro Co.), aromatic iodonium salts (trade name Irgacure250: Ciba Japan company), etc.
- the catalyst that chemically bonds the microporous particles together is not limited to the photoactive catalyst and the photocatalyst generator, and may be, for example, a thermally active catalyst or a thermal catalyst generator.
- the catalyst for chemically bonding the microporous particles examples include base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide, and acid catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid. Among these, base catalysts are preferred.
- the catalyst or catalyst-generating agent that chemically bonds the microporous particles together is used, for example, by adding it to the sol particle liquid (e.g., suspension) containing the pulverized material (microporous particles) immediately before coating. , or as a mixed solution in which the catalyst or catalyst generator is mixed with a solvent.
- the mixed liquid is, for example, a coating liquid directly added to and dissolved in the sol particle liquid, a solution in which the catalyst or catalyst generator is dissolved in a solvent, or a dispersion liquid in which the catalyst or catalyst generator is dispersed in a solvent. It's okay.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, buffer solutions, and the like.
- the film appearance during film formation by coating can be improved. It becomes possible.
- the amount of the high boiling point solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.05 to 0.8 times, 0.1 to 0.5 times, particularly 0 times the solid content of the microporous particle-containing liquid. 0.15 times to 0.4 times the amount.
- the high-boiling solvent examples include, but are not limited to, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), ⁇ - butyl lactone (GBL), ethylene glycol ethyl ether (EGEE), and the like.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
- DMAc N,N-dimethylacetamide
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- GBL ⁇ - butyl lactone
- EGEE ethylene glycol ethyl ether
- a solvent having a boiling point of 110° C. or higher is preferable, and the solvent is not limited to the above specific examples. It is believed that the high boiling point solvent acts as a leveling agent during film formation in which particles are formed side by side. It is preferable to use the high boiling point solvent also during gel synthesis
- nanoparticles surface-modified with the compound having surface orientation are added to the produced gel pulverized product-containing liquid, and this can be used for producing the void layer of the present invention.
- the nanoparticles are added at a ratio of, for example, 10 to 50% by mass, 15 to 40% by mass, or 20 to 30% by mass with respect to the skeleton component of the void layer. Just add it.
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid used for producing the void layer of the present invention contains nanoparticles surface-modified with the compound having surface orientation.
- the nanoparticles surface-modified with the compound having surface orientation can be added to the pulverized gel-containing liquid after the pulverized gel-containing liquid is produced, for example, as described above.
- the method for producing a void layer of the present invention includes, for example, a precursor forming step of forming a precursor of the void layer using the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention, and the pulverized gel contained in the precursor. and a bonding step of chemically bonding the pulverized materials of the substance-containing liquid to each other.
- the precursor can also be called a coating film, for example.
- a porous structure is formed that has the same function as an air layer.
- the reason for this is, for example, presumed as follows, but the present invention is not limited to this presumption.
- the void layer of the present invention is a silicone porous body will be described as an example.
- the liquid containing pulverized gel of the present invention used in the method for producing a porous silicone body contains the pulverized silicon compound gel
- the three-dimensional structure of the gelled silica compound is dispersed in the three-dimensional basic structure. It is in a state of Therefore, in the method for producing a silicone porous body, for example, when the precursor (for example, coating film) is formed using the liquid containing the pulverized gel, the three-dimensional basic structure is deposited, and the three-dimensional basic structure is deposited. A void structure based on the structure is formed.
- a new three-dimensional structure is formed from the pulverized material of the three-dimensional basic structure, which is different from the three-dimensional structure of the silicon compound gel.
- the new three-dimensional structure is fixed because the pulverized materials are chemically bonded to each other. Therefore, the porous silicone body obtained by the method for producing a porous silicone body has a structure with voids, but can maintain sufficient strength and flexibility.
- the porous layer (for example, silicone porous body) obtained by the present invention can be used for products in a wide range of fields, such as heat insulating materials, sound absorbing materials, optical members, ink image receiving layers, etc., as members utilizing the voids. Furthermore, laminated films with various functions can be produced.
- liquid containing pulverized gel of the present invention can be used for the method for producing the porous layer of the present invention.
- the liquid containing pulverized gel of the present invention is applied onto the base material.
- the pulverized gel product-containing liquid of the present invention is, for example, coated on a substrate, and after drying the coating film, the pulverized products are chemically bonded (for example, crosslinked) by the bonding step. , it is possible to continuously form a void layer having a film strength above a certain level.
- the amount of the gel pulverized product-containing liquid applied to the base material is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to, for example, the desired thickness of the void layer of the present invention.
- the coating amount of the pulverized gel product-containing liquid on the substrate is per 1 m 2 of the area of the substrate, for example, the pulverized product 0.01-60000 ⁇ g, 0.1-5000 ⁇ g, 1-50 ⁇ g.
- the preferable coating amount of the gel pulverized product-containing liquid is related to, for example, the concentration of the liquid, the coating method, etc., and it is difficult to define it unambiguously. preferably.
- the coating amount is too large, for example, the possibility of drying in a drying oven before the solvent evaporates increases. As a result, the nano-pulverized sol particles settle and accumulate in the solvent, and the solvent dries before forming a void structure, which may hinder the formation of voids and greatly reduce the porosity. On the other hand, if the coating amount is too thin, there is a high risk of coating repellency due to unevenness of the base material, variations in hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and the like.
- the precursor (coating film) of the porous body may be subjected to a drying treatment.
- the drying process not only removes the solvent (solvent contained in the pulverized gel-containing liquid) in the precursor of the porous body, but also precipitates and deposits sol particles during the drying process to create voids.
- the purpose is to form a structure.
- the temperature of the drying treatment is, for example, 50 to 250° C., 60 to 150° C., 70 to 130° C.
- the time of the drying treatment is, for example, 0.1 to 30 minutes, 0.2 to 10 minutes, 0 .3 to 3 minutes.
- the drying treatment temperature and time lower and shorter ones are preferable in relation to, for example, continuous productivity and expression of high porosity. If the conditions are too severe, for example, when the base material is a resin film, the base material will be stretched in the drying oven by approaching the glass transition temperature of the base material, and immediately after coating, the film will be formed. Defects such as cracks may occur in the void structure. On the other hand, if the conditions are too loose, for example, it contains residual solvent at the timing of leaving the drying oven, so when it rubs with the roll in the next process, there is a possibility that defects in appearance such as scratches will occur. be.
- the drying treatment may be, for example, natural drying, drying by heating, or drying under reduced pressure.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and for example, general heating means can be used.
- the heating means include a hot air blower, a heating roll, and a far-infrared heater. Among them, it is preferable to use heat drying when continuous industrial production is assumed.
- the solvent to be used a solvent having a low surface tension is preferable for the purpose of suppressing the generation of shrinkage stress due to volatilization of the solvent during drying and the resulting cracking of the porous layer (said silicone porous body).
- the solvent include, but are not limited to, lower alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), hexane, and perfluorohexane.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include thermoplastic resin substrates, glass substrates, inorganic substrates typified by silicon, plastics molded from thermosetting resins, elements such as semiconductors, Carbon fiber-based materials such as carbon nanotubes are preferably used, but are not limited to these.
- examples of the form of the substrate include a film and a plate.
- examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylic, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cycloolefin polymer (COP), triacetylcellulose (TAC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyethylene (PE). , polypropylene (PP), and the like.
- the bonding step is a step of chemically bonding the pulverized materials contained in the precursor (coating film) of the porous body.
- the bonding step for example, the three-dimensional structure of the pulverized material in the precursor of the porous body is fixed.
- high-temperature treatment at 200° C. or higher induces dehydration condensation of silanol groups and formation of siloxane bonds.
- the bonding step of the present invention by reacting various additives that catalyze the dehydration condensation reaction, for example, when the base material is a resin film, the temperature is reduced to about 100° C. without causing damage to the base material. With a relatively low drying temperature and a short treatment time of less than several minutes, the void structure can be continuously formed and fixed.
- the chemical bonding method is not particularly limited, and can be determined as appropriate, for example, according to the type of gel (eg, silicon compound gel).
- the chemical bonding can be performed, for example, by chemical cross-linking between the pulverized products.
- inorganic particles such as titanium oxide are added to the pulverized product.
- chemical cross-linking between the inorganic particles and the pulverized material may be considered.
- a biocatalyst such as an enzyme
- a site other than the catalytic active site and the pulverized product may be chemically crosslinked. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to, but not limited to, an organic-inorganic hybrid pore layer, a host-guest pore layer, and the like, in addition to the pore layer formed by the sol particles.
- the bonding step can be carried out, for example, by a chemical reaction in the presence of a catalyst, depending on the type of pulverized gel (eg, silicon compound gel).
- a catalyst depending on the type of pulverized gel (eg, silicon compound gel).
- the chemical reaction in the present invention it is preferable to use a dehydration condensation reaction of residual silanol groups contained in the pulverized silicon compound gel.
- the catalyst include, but are not limited to, basic catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide, and acid catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid.
- the catalyst for the dehydration condensation reaction is particularly preferably a base catalyst.
- a photoacid-generating catalyst, a photobase-generating catalyst, or the like, which exhibits catalytic activity upon irradiation with light (for example, ultraviolet rays), can also be preferably used.
- the photoacid-generating catalyst and the photobase-generating catalyst are not particularly limited, they are, for example, as described above.
- the catalyst is preferably added to the sol particle liquid containing the pulverized material immediately before coating, or is preferably used as a mixture of the catalyst and a solvent.
- the mixed liquid may be, for example, a coating liquid directly added to and dissolved in the sol particle liquid, a solution in which the catalyst is dissolved in a solvent, or a dispersion liquid in which the catalyst is dispersed in a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, buffer solutions, etc., as described above.
- the gel-containing liquid of the present invention may further contain a cross-linking aid for indirectly bonding the pulverized gel particles together.
- the cross-linking aid enters between the particles (the pulverized material), and the particles and the cross-linking aid interact or bond with each other, so that even particles that are somewhat distant from each other can be bonded together, It is possible to increase strength efficiently.
- a multi-crosslinked silane monomer is preferable as the cross-linking aid.
- the polycrosslinked silane monomer has, for example, 2 to 3 alkoxysilyl groups, and the chain length between the alkoxysilyl groups may be 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an element other than carbon may also include
- the crosslinking aid include bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane, bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, bis(trimethoxysilyl)methane, bis(triethoxysilyl)methane, bis(triethoxysilyl)propane, bis (trimethoxysilyl)propane, bis(triethoxysilyl)butane, bis(trimethoxysilyl)butane, bis(triethoxysilyl)pentane, bis(trimethoxysilyl)pentane, bis(triethoxysilyl)hexane, bis(tri methoxysilyl)hexane, bis(trimethoxysilyl)-N-butyl
- the chemical reaction in the presence of the catalyst includes, for example, light irradiation or heating of the coating film containing the catalyst or catalyst generator previously added to the pulverized gel-containing liquid, or , light irradiation or heating after spraying the catalyst, or light irradiation or heating while spraying the catalyst or catalyst generator.
- the catalyst is a photoactive catalyst
- the microporous particles can be chemically bonded to each other by light irradiation to form the silicone porous material.
- the microporous particles can be chemically bonded to each other by heating to form the silicone porous body.
- the light irradiation amount (energy) in the light irradiation is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 200 to 800 mJ/cm 2 , 250 to 600 mJ/cm 2 , or 300 to 400 mJ/cm 2 in terms of @360 nm. From the viewpoint of preventing insufficient effect due to insufficient irradiation amount and insufficient decomposition due to light absorption of the catalyst generator, an integrated light amount of 200 mJ/cm 2 or more is preferable. In addition, from the viewpoint of preventing damage to the substrate under the void layer and generation of thermal wrinkles, an integrated amount of light of 800 mJ/cm 2 or less is preferable.
- the wavelength of light in the light irradiation is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 200 to 500 nm and 300 to 450 nm.
- the light irradiation time in the light irradiation is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.1 to 30 minutes, 0.2 to 10 minutes, or 0.3 to 3 minutes.
- the conditions for the heat treatment are not particularly limited, and the heating temperature is, for example, 50 to 250° C., 60 to 150° C., or 70 to 130° C., and the heating time is, for example, 0.1 to 30 minutes. 0.2 to 10 minutes, 0.3 to 3 minutes.
- a solvent having a low surface tension is preferable for the purpose of suppressing the generation of shrinkage stress due to volatilization of the solvent during drying and the resulting cracking phenomenon of the void layer.
- examples include, but are not limited to, lower alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), hexane, and perfluorohexane.
- the porous layer (for example, silicone porous body) of the present invention can be produced.
- the method for producing the void layer of the present invention is not limited to the above.
- the void layer of the present invention which is a silicone porous material, may be hereinafter referred to as "the porous silicone material of the present invention”.
- the method for producing a laminate of the present invention includes, for example, an adhesive layer producing step of producing the adhesive layer by the method for producing an adhesive layer of the present invention; and a bonding step of bonding to the void layer.
- the method for producing the adhesive layer of the present invention includes, for example, as described above, an adhesive coating liquid applying step of applying the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention to a substrate; and a heat drying step of heat-drying the substrate coated with the adhesive coating liquid.
- an adhesive coating liquid applying step of applying the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention to a substrate for example, by laminating the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer side of a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or the like in which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present invention is laminated on a base material, onto the porous layer of the present invention, the porous layer of the present invention can be obtained.
- the adhesive layer may be formed thereon.
- the substrate such as the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape may be left attached as it is, or may be separated from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
- the thickness can be significantly reduced, and the thickness of the device or the like can be greatly reduced. You can control the increase.
- the terms "adhesive" and “adhesive layer” mean, for example, an agent or layer intended for removability from adherends.
- adherend means, for example, an agent or layer that does not presuppose re-peeling of the adherend.
- the "adhesive” and the “adhesive” cannot always be clearly distinguished, and the “adhesive layer” and the “adhesive layer” cannot always be clearly distinguished.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present invention can be produced using the pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid of the present invention, as described above.
- the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention comprises a (meth)acrylic polymer, a monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule, an isocyanate cross-linking agent, It can be produced by the method for producing a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid of the present invention, which includes a mixing step of mixing with an organic peroxide.
- the adhesive layer manufacturing process can be performed, for example, as follows. First, as described above, in a mixing step of mixing a (meth)acrylic polymer, a monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule, an isocyanate cross-linking agent, and an organic peroxide, , to produce the pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid of the present invention. At this time, the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention contains the (meth)acrylic polymer, the monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule, the isocyanate cross-linking agent, and When other ingredients other than the organic peroxide are included, the other ingredients may also be mixed together.
- the method for producing a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid of the present invention may or may not include steps other than the mixing step. It is also possible to simply mix all the components of the pressure-sensitive adhesive coating solution.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a substrate such as a film.
- the base material include thermoplastic resin base materials, glass base materials, inorganic substrates typified by silicon, plastics molded from thermosetting resins, devices such as semiconductors, and carbon nanotubes. Although a carbon fiber-based material or the like can be preferably used, it is not limited to these.
- the form of the substrate include a film and a plate.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylic, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cycloolefin polymer (COP), triacetylcellulose (TAC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyethylene (PE). , polypropylene (PP), and the like.
- the coating thickness of the adhesive coating liquid is not particularly limited, but for example, the thickness of the adhesive layer after drying becomes a predetermined thickness. It should be adjusted accordingly. Although the thickness of the adhesive layer after drying is not particularly limited, it is, for example, as described later.
- the base material to which the adhesive coating liquid has been applied is heated and dried (heat drying step).
- the temperature for heat drying is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 50° C. or higher, 80° C. or higher, 100° C. or higher, or 155° C. or higher, for example, 200° C. or lower, 180° C. or lower. , or 160° C. or lower.
- the heat-drying time is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 minute or longer, 2 minutes or longer, or 3 minutes or longer. There may be.
- the (meth)acrylic polymer, the monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule, and the isocyanate-based cross-linking agent undergo a cross-linking reaction and graft polymerization. happens.
- the amount of the semi-high molecular weight polymer present in the pressure-sensitive adhesive coating solution is reduced, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present invention penetrates into the voids of the void layer. become difficult.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present invention can be produced.
- the adhesive layer is laminated to the void layer (lamination step).
- This method is not particularly limited.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be formed on the void layer of the present invention by laminating it thereon. As described above, the laminate of the present invention can be produced.
- a heating step of heating the adhesive layer and the void layer may be further performed after the bonding step.
- this heating process may be referred to as an "aging process".
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited. or less, or 55° C. or less.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 minute or longer, 10 minutes or longer, 60 minutes or longer, or 1800 minutes or longer. It may be below.
- the intermediate layer is formed by coalescence of the void layer and the adhesive layer. Then, for example, as described above, the intermediate layer serves as a stopper, and it is possible to suppress the decrease in void ratio due to filling the voids of the void layer with the adhesive.
- the adhesive layer can protect the void layer from physical damage (particularly scratches).
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer preferably has excellent pressure resistance so that the void layer does not collapse even if the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer does not have a substrate (substrate-less) void layer-containing adhesive sheet. is not limited.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, 5 to 50 ⁇ m, 10 to 30 ⁇ m, or 12 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the porous layer of the present invention thus obtained may be further laminated with another film (layer) to form a laminated structure containing the porous structure.
- each constituent element may be laminated via, for example, the adhesive layer (adhesive or adhesive).
- lamination may be performed by continuous processing using a long film (so-called roll to roll, etc.), and when the base material is a molded product, element, etc. may be laminated after batch processing.
- FIG. 2 shows the process of laminating and winding a protective film after forming the porous layer (silicone porous body). may be used, or after coating and drying another functional film, the porous layer formed as described above may be laminated immediately before winding.
- the illustrated film formation method is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited to these.
- the base material may be the resin film described above.
- the void layer of the present invention is obtained by forming the void layer on the substrate.
- the void layer of the present invention can also be obtained by forming the void layer on the substrate and then laminating the void layer on the resin film described above in the description of the void layer of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the steps in the method for producing a laminate of the present invention in which the void layer, the intermediate layer and the adhesive layer are laminated in the order described above on the substrate (resin film). , schematically shown.
- the method for forming the void layer is a coating step of coating a substrate (resin film) 10 with a sol particle liquid 20'' of the pulverized product of the gel compound to form a coating film.
- the method for producing a laminate of the present invention also includes, as described above, an adhesive layer for producing the adhesive layer by the method for producing an adhesive layer of the present invention. It includes an agent layer manufacturing step and a bonding step of bonding the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to the void layer.
- the method for producing the adhesive layer of the present invention comprises: an adhesive coating liquid applying step of applying the adhesive coating liquid of the present invention to a substrate; and a heat drying step of heat-drying the substrate coated with the agent coating liquid.
- the chemical treatment step (crosslinking step) (3) corresponds to the “void layer forming step” for forming the void layer in the laminate of the present invention.
- the intermediate layer forming step (5) corresponds to the heating step (aging step) described above.
- the intermediate layer forming step (5) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “aging step”) is a step of improving the strength of the void layer 20 (a cross-linking reaction step of causing a cross-linking reaction inside the void layer 20).
- the lamination step (4) may be, for example, lamination of an adhesive tape having an adhesive layer on a base material.
- the base material on which the adhesive coating liquid is applied is not shown. It may be removed or left as it is on the adhesive layer 30 .
- a laminated film in which the void layer 21, the intermediate layer 22, and the adhesive layer 30 are laminated in the above order on the resin film 10 is produced.
- the intermediate layer forming step (5) may be omitted, and the laminate of the present invention to be produced may not include an intermediate layer.
- the method for manufacturing the laminate of the present invention may or may not include steps other than those described with reference to FIG. 1 as appropriate.
- the coating method of the sol particle liquid 20'' is not particularly limited, and a general coating method can be adopted.
- the coating method include slot die method, reverse gravure coating method, micro gravure coating method (micro gravure coating method), dip coating method (dip coating method), spin coating method, brush coating method, roll coating method, and flexographic printing. method, wire bar coating method, spray coating method, extrusion coating method, curtain coating method, reverse coating method and the like.
- the extrusion coating method, the curtain coating method, the roll coating method, the micro gravure coating method, and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of productivity, smoothness of the coating film, and the like.
- the coating amount of the sol particle liquid 20 ′′ is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set, for example, so that the thickness of the void layer 20 is appropriate.
- the thickness of the void layer 21 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, as described above.
- the sol particle liquid 20'' is dried (that is, the dispersion medium contained in the sol particle liquid 20'' is removed), and the dried coating film (void layer precursor) 20 is ' to form.
- Conditions for the drying treatment are not particularly limited, and are as described above.
- the coating film 20 containing the catalyst or the catalyst generator (for example, a photoactive catalyst, a photocatalyst generator, a thermally active catalyst, or a thermal catalyst generator) added before coating.
- the catalyst or the catalyst generator for example, a photoactive catalyst, a photocatalyst generator, a thermally active catalyst, or a thermal catalyst generator
- ' is irradiated with light or heated to chemically bond (for example, cross-link) the pulverized materials in the coating film 20 ′ to form the void layer 20 .
- Light irradiation or heating conditions in the chemical treatment step (3) are not particularly limited and are as described above.
- the adhesive layer of the present invention is separately manufactured by the adhesive layer manufacturing process.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer manufacturing step (the method for manufacturing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present invention) is, for example, as described above.
- the intermediate layer forming step (5) is, as described above, a heating step for heating the adhesive layer 30 and the void layer 20 after the bonding step (4).
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing a polymer (eg, (meth)acrylic polymer) and a cross-linking agent
- the polymer may be cross-linked by the cross-linking agent in the heating step.
- the heating step may also serve as a step of drying the adhesive, for example. Further, for example, the heating step may serve as the intermediate layer forming step (5).
- the temperature of the heating step is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 70 to 160°C, 80 to 155°C, and 90 to 150°C.
- the time for the heating step is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 to 10 minutes, 1 to 7 minutes, or 2 to 5 minutes.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of a slot die coating apparatus and a method of forming the void layer using the same.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view, hatching is omitted for clarity.
- each step in the method using this apparatus is performed while the base material 10 is conveyed in one direction by rollers.
- the conveying speed is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1 to 100 m/min, 3 to 50 m/min, 5 to 30 m/min.
- the coating roll 102 performs the coating step (1) of coating the base material 10 with the sol particle liquid 20'', followed by the oven zone.
- the drying process (2) is entered.
- a pre-drying process is performed after the coating process (1) and prior to the drying process (2).
- the preliminary drying step can be performed at room temperature without heating.
- Heating means 111 is used in the drying step (2).
- a hot air blower, a heating roll, a far-infrared heater, or the like can be appropriately used.
- the drying step (2) may be divided into a plurality of steps, and the drying temperature may be increased in the later drying steps.
- the chemical treatment process (3) is performed in the chemical treatment zone 120.
- the chemical treatment step (3) for example, when the coating film 20 ′ after drying contains a photoactive catalyst, light is irradiated from lamps (light irradiation means) 121 arranged above and below the substrate 10 .
- lamps (light irradiation means) 121 arranged above and below the substrate 10 .
- a hot air blower heating means
- This cross-linking treatment causes chemical bonding between the pulverized materials in the coating film 20 ′, and hardens and strengthens the void layer 20 .
- the chemical treatment step (3) is performed after the drying step (2).
- the drying step (2) may double as the chemical treatment step (3).
- the chemical treatment step (3) may be further performed to further strengthen the chemical bonding between the pulverized products.
- the pulverized materials are chemically Coupling may occur.
- the bonding step (4) is performed in the adhesive layer coating zone 130a to bond the adhesive layer 30 onto the void layer 20 by the bonding means 131a.
- the lamination step (4) may be, for example, lamination (pasting) of an adhesive tape or the like having the adhesive layer 30 on the substrate, as described above. Although not shown, the description may be removed by peeling from the adhesive layer 30 as described above, or may be left on the adhesive layer 30 as it is.
- the intermediate layer forming step (aging step) (5) is performed in the intermediate layer forming zone (aging zone) 130 to react the void layer 20 and the adhesive layer 30 to form the intermediate layer 22 .
- the void layer 20 undergoes a cross-linking reaction inside and becomes the void layer 21 with improved strength.
- the intermediate layer forming step (aging step) (5) is performed, for example, by heating the void layer 20 and the adhesive layer 30 using hot air blowers (heating means) 131 arranged above and below the substrate 10. Also good.
- the heating temperature, time, etc. are not particularly limited, they are, for example, as described above.
- the laminate in which the void layer 21 is formed on the substrate 10 is wound up by the winding roll 105 .
- the void layer 21 of the laminate is covered and protected with a protective sheet fed out from a roll 106 .
- another layer formed of a long film may be laminated on the void layer 21 instead of the protective sheet.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of a micro-gravure method (micro-gravure coating method) coating apparatus and a method of forming the void layer using the apparatus. Although this figure is a cross-sectional view, hatching is omitted for ease of viewing.
- micro-gravure method micro-gravure coating method
- each step in the method using this apparatus is performed while conveying the base material 10 in one direction by rollers, as in FIG.
- the conveying speed is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1 to 100 m/min, 3 to 50 m/min, 5 to 30 m/min.
- the coating step (1) is performed to apply the sol particle liquid 20 ′′ to the base material 10 while feeding the base material 10 from the feed roller 201 and conveying it.
- the sol particle liquid 20 ′′ is applied using a liquid reservoir 202 , a doctor (doctor knife) 203 and a micro gravure 204 as shown.
- the sol particle liquid 20'' stored in the liquid reservoir 202 is adhered to the surface of the micro gravure 204, and the micro gravure 204 is applied to the substrate 10 while controlling the thickness to a predetermined thickness by the doctor 203. Coat the surface.
- the microgravure 204 is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this, and any other coating means may be used.
- the drying step (2) is performed. Specifically, as shown in the figure, the substrate 10 coated with the sol particle liquid 20'' is conveyed into the oven zone 210, and heated by the heating means 211 in the oven zone 210 to obtain the sol particle liquid 20'. 'Dry.
- the heating means 211 may be the same as in FIG. 2, for example. Further, for example, by dividing the oven zone 210 into a plurality of sections, the drying step (2) may be divided into a plurality of steps, and the drying temperature may be increased in the later drying steps.
- chemical treatment step (3) is performed in chemical treatment zone 220 .
- the coating film 20 ′ after drying contains a photoactive catalyst
- light is irradiated from lamps (light irradiation means) 221 arranged above and below the substrate 10 .
- a hot air blower heating means
- This cross-linking treatment causes chemical bonding between the pulverized materials in the coating film 20 ′ to form the void layer 20 .
- the bonding step (4) is performed in the adhesive layer coating zone 230a to bond the adhesive layer 30 onto the void layer 20 by the bonding means 231a.
- the lamination step (4) may be, for example, lamination (pasting) of an adhesive tape or the like having the adhesive layer 30 on the substrate, as described above. Although not shown, for example, the description may be peeled off from the adhesive layer 30 as described above, or may be left on the adhesive layer 30 as it is.
- the intermediate layer forming step (aging step) (5) is performed in the intermediate layer forming zone (aging zone) 230 to react the void layer 20 and the adhesive layer 30 to form the intermediate layer 22 . Further, as described above, in this step, the void layer 20 becomes the void layer 21 with improved strength.
- the intermediate layer forming step (aging step) (5) is performed, for example, by heating the void layer 20 and the adhesive layer 30 using hot air blowers (heating means) 231 arranged above and below the substrate 10. Also good. Although the heating temperature, time, etc. are not particularly limited, they are, for example, as described above.
- the laminate film in which the void layer 21 is formed on the substrate 10 is wound up by the winding roll 251 .
- other layers may be laminated on the laminated film.
- another layer may be laminated on the laminated film.
- the number of parts (relative amount used) of each substance is parts by mass (parts by weight) unless otherwise specified.
- the storage elastic modulus of the adhesive layer at 23° C. was measured by the following measurement methods.
- the storage modulus of the adhesive layer at 23° C. was measured by the following method. That is, first, a sheet (layer) was molded which was the same as the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in each of the following reference examples, examples, and comparative examples, except that it had a sheet shape with a thickness of 2 mm. The sheet was matched with a parallel plate having a diameter of 25 mm and punched out to obtain a measurement sample. This measurement sample was attached to the chuck of the viscoelasticity measuring device ARES. Then, the storage modulus at 23° C. was measured by increasing the temperature from ⁇ 70° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 5° C./min while applying strain at a cycle of 1 Hz.
- the polymer (acrylic polymer) is crosslinked by the crosslinking agent by heating and drying the coated adhesive to form a crosslinked structure.
- the crosslinked structure was not confirmed.
- a substrate sample with a low refractive index layer is set in an ellipsometer (JA Woollam Japan Co., Ltd.: VASE), and the refractive index is measured under the conditions of a wavelength of 500 nm and an incident angle of 50 to 80 degrees, and the average value is the refractive index.
- a prism coupler (manufactured by Metricon) is attached to the base material side of a laminate in which an adhesive is attached to an ultra-low refractive index layer.
- the refractive index was calculated from the value of
- the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was obtained by measuring the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer at five points using a dial gauge and taking the average value.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is the value obtained by reading the thickness of the intermediate layer at two points on the SEM image, with the thickness portion of the intermediate layer having different contrast existing between the adhesive layer and the low refractive index layer in the SEM image. Average value.
- the refractive index at a wavelength of 500 nm was measured by the method described above.
- Morphology control step Water as a replacement solvent was poured onto the gel synthesized in the above-described steps (1) and (2) in the stainless steel vessel of 30 cm x 30 cm x 5 cm. Next, a cutting blade of a cutting jig was slowly inserted into the gel in the stainless steel container from above, and the gel was cut into rectangular parallelepipeds having a size of 1.5 cm ⁇ 2 cm ⁇ 5 cm.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid was produced as follows. Furthermore, an adhesive layer was produced using the adhesive coating liquid.
- Adhesive Coating Liquid For 100 parts of the solid content (all components other than the solvent) of the acrylic polymer solution produced as described above, an isocyanate cross-linking agent (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.: trade name “Coronate L”, trimethylolpropane tolylene diisocyanate adduct of) 0.15 parts, benzoyl peroxide (manufactured by NOF Corporation: trade name “Niper BMT”) 1.0 parts, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyl methoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.: trade name “KBM- 403”) and 8 parts of N-acryloylmorpholine to prepare an acrylic adhesive solution.
- an isocyanate cross-linking agent manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.: trade name “Coronate L"
- Trimethylolpropane tolylene diisocyanate adduct of 0.
- the benzoyl peroxide corresponds to an organic peroxide.
- the N-acryloylmorpholine (ACMO) corresponds to "a monomer having one or two reactive double bonds in one molecule”.
- the N-acryloylmorpholine is a monomer having one reactive double bond per molecule.
- the acrylic adhesive solution produced as described above was applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Polyester Film Co., Ltd., thickness: 38 ⁇ m) that had been subjected to silicone treatment, and the thickness of the adhesive layer after drying was It was applied so as to have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and dried at 150° C. for 3 minutes to produce a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of this reference example.
- the storage elastic modulus G' of this adhesive layer at 23° C. was 1.3 ⁇ 10 5 .
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid was produced as follows. Furthermore, an adhesive layer was produced using the adhesive coating liquid.
- Adhesive Coating Liquid For 100 parts of the solid content (all components other than the solvent) of the acrylic polymer solution produced as described above, an isocyanate cross-linking agent (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.: trade name “Coronate L”, trimethylolpropane tolylene diisocyanate adduct of) 0.15 parts, 0.25 parts of benzoyl peroxide (manufactured by NOF Co., Ltd.: trade name “Niper BMT”), ⁇ -glycidoxypropyl methoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.: trade name “KBM- 403'') was prepared into an acrylic adhesive solution containing 0.075 parts. That is, except that N-acryloylmorpholine was not added and the amount of benzoyl peroxide was changed, an acrylic adhesive solution was produced in the same manner as in "Preparation of adhesive coating liquid" in Reference
- the acrylic adhesive solution produced as described above was applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Polyester Film Co., Ltd., thickness: 38 ⁇ m) that had been subjected to silicone treatment, and the thickness of the adhesive layer after drying was It was applied so as to have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and dried at 150° C. for 3 minutes to produce a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of this reference example. That is, the procedure was carried out in the same manner as in Reference Example 3 "Production of adhesive layer" except that the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive solution of this reference example (Reference Example 4) was used in place of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive solution of Reference Example 3.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of this reference example was produced by The storage elastic modulus G' of this adhesive layer at 23° C. was 1.3 ⁇ 10 5 .
- Example 1 The coating solution for forming a void layer produced in Reference Example 1 was applied onto an acrylic base material and then dried to form a high void layer (void rate of 59% by volume) having a film thickness of about 850 nm. After performing UV irradiation (450 mJ/cm 2 ) from the high porosity layer surface, the 10 ⁇ m thick adhesive layer obtained in Reference Example 3 was laminated on the high porosity layer surface and aged at 50° C. for 30 hours. Thus, a laminate of the present invention was produced in which an adhesive layer was directly laminated on one side of the void layer.
- the laminate of the present invention produced was placed in an oven at 60°C and 90% RH, and a heating and humidification durability test was conducted for 1000 hours. Then, the amount of change in refractive index before and after the heating and humidification durability test was measured and compared. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was directly laminated on one side of the void layer in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of Reference Example 4 was used instead of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of Reference Example 3. A laminate was produced. Furthermore, the produced laminate was subjected to a heating and humidifying durability test for 1000 hours in an oven at 60° C. and 90% RH in the same manner as the laminate of Example 1, and the amount of change in the refractive index before and after the heating and humidifying durability test was measured. and compared. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 3 A void layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the ratio of MTMS and vinyltrimethoxysilane in the void layer-producing coating liquid of Reference Example 2 was changed to 97% by mass of MTMS and 3% by mass of vinyltrimethoxysilane.
- a laminate was produced in which an adhesive layer was directly laminated on one side of the sheet. Furthermore, the produced laminate was subjected to a heating and humidifying durability test for 1000 hours in an oven at 60° C. and 90% RH in the same manner as the laminate of Example 1, and the amount of change in the refractive index before and after the heating and humidifying durability test was measured. and compared. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 4 A void layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the ratio of MTMS and vinyltrimethoxysilane in the void layer-producing coating liquid of Reference Example 2 was changed to 90% by mass of MTMS and 10% by mass of vinyltrimethoxysilane.
- a laminate was produced in which an adhesive layer was directly laminated on one side of the sheet. Furthermore, the produced laminate was subjected to a heating and humidifying durability test for 1000 hours in an oven at 60° C. and 90% RH in the same manner as the laminate of Example 1, and the amount of change in the refractive index before and after the heating and humidifying durability test was measured. and compared. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 1 A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was formed on one side of the void layer in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the void layer-producing coating liquid of Reference Example 1 was used in place of the void layer-producing coating liquid of Reference Example 2. Direct laminated laminates were produced. Furthermore, the produced laminate was subjected to a heating and humidifying durability test for 1000 hours in an oven at 60° C. and 90% RH in the same manner as the laminate of Example 1, and the amount of change in the refractive index before and after the heating and humidifying durability test was measured. and compared. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 A void layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the ratio of MTMS and vinyltrimethoxysilane in the void layer-producing coating liquid of Reference Example 2 was changed to 50% by mass of MTMS and 50% by mass of vinyltrimethoxysilane.
- a laminate was produced in which an adhesive layer was directly laminated on one side of the sheet. Furthermore, the produced laminate was subjected to a heating and humidifying durability test for 1000 hours in an oven at 60° C. and 90% RH in the same manner as the laminate of Example 1, and the amount of change in the refractive index before and after the heating and humidifying durability test was measured. and compared. Table 1 shows the results.
- void residual ratio before and after durability test is the porosity (volume%) of the pore layer after the heating and humidification durability test, and the porosity (volume%) of the pore layer before the heating and humidification durability test. ).
- the "introduced double bond” represents the content (% by mass) of vinyltrimethoxysilane with respect to the total mass of MTMS and vinyltrimethoxysilane in the void layer-forming coating liquid.
- the porosity of the void layer was as high as 52 vol% or more in both the laminates of Examples and Comparative Examples, and as a result, the refractive index of the void layer was 1. 0.20 or less.
- all the laminates of Examples had a high void ratio of the void layer, and as a result, the refractive index of the void layer maintained a low numerical value of 1.21 or less.
- the void residual ratio of the void layer was low after the heating and humidification durability test, and as a result, the refractive index of the void layer increased.
- the optical device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes an image display device, a lighting device, and the like.
- the image display device include a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, a micro LED display, and the like.
- the lighting device include organic EL lighting.
- the applications of the void layer and laminate of the present invention are not limited to the optical member and optical device of the present invention, and they can be used in a wide range of applications.
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Abstract
Description
粒子同士を化学的に結合させて形成された空隙層であって、
前記空隙層の空隙率が35体積%以上であり、
前記粒子は、無機化合物に有機基が結合した無機有機複合体粒子であり、
前記有機基は、直鎖または分枝アルキル基であるR1基と、炭素-炭素不飽和結合を含む基であるR2基とを含み、
R1基とR2基の合計に対するR2基のモル比率が、1~30モル%であることを特徴とする。
R21、R22およびR23は、それぞれ、水素原子または直鎖もしくは分枝アルキル基であり、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、
R24は、直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレン基、オキシカルボニル基、エーテル基、または直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレンオキシカルボニル基であるか、または存在しない。なお、「オキシカルボニル基」は、カルボキシ基「-COOH」の水素原子を結合手(単結合)に置き換えた原子団である「-COO-」をいう。例えば、R21が水素原子であり、R22がメチル基であり、R23が水素原子であり、R24がオキシカルボニル基であると、R2は「CH2=C(CH3)-COO-」となる。また、「直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレンオキシカルボニル基」は、カルボキシ基「-COOH」の水素原子を直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレン基に置き換えた原子団である「-COO-L-」(Lは、直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレン基)をいう。例えば、R21が水素原子であり、R22がメチル基であり、R23が水素原子であり、R24がトリメチレンオキシカルボニル基(直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレンオキシカルボニル基の一種)であると、R2は「CH2=C(CH3)-COO-(CH2)3-」となる。
前記化学式(R2)において、
R21、R22およびR23は、それぞれ、水素原子または炭素数1~6の直鎖もしくは分枝アルキル基であり、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、
R24は、炭素数1~6の直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレン基、オキシカルボニル基、エーテル基、または炭素数1~7の直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレンオキシカルボニル基であるか、または存在しない、空隙層であってもよい。
前記粘接着剤層は、
(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーと、反応性二重結合を1分子中に1つ又は2つ有するモノマーと、イソシアネート系架橋剤と、有機過酸化物とを含む粘接着剤塗工液を準備する粘接着剤塗工液準備工程と、
前記粘接着剤塗工液を基材に塗布する粘接着剤塗工液塗布工程と、
前記粘接着剤塗工液が塗布された前記基材を加熱乾燥する加熱乾燥工程と、
を含む方法によって形成される層であってもよい。
本発明の空隙層は、前述のとおり、粒子同士を化学的に結合させて形成された空隙層であって、前記空隙層の空隙率が35体積%以上であり、前記粒子は、無機化合物に有機基が結合した無機有機複合体粒子であり、前記有機基は、直鎖または分枝アルキル基であるR1基と、炭素-炭素不飽和結合を含む基であるR2基とを含み、R1基とR2基の合計に対するR2基のモル比率が、1~30モル%であることを特徴とする。また、本発明の積層体は、前述のとおり、前記本発明の空隙層と、前記空隙層の片面または両面に直接積層された粘接着剤層と、を含むことを特徴とする。なお、本発明において、前記粘接着剤層が前記空隙層に「直接積層され」は、例えば、前記粘接着剤層が前記空隙層に直接接触していてもよいし、前記粘接着剤層が、前記中間層を介して前記空隙層に積層されていてもよい。
分光光度計U-4100(株式会社日立製作所の商品名)を用いて、前記積層体を、測定対象のサンプルとする。そして、空気の全光線透過率を100%とした際の前記サンプルの全光線透過率(光透過率)を測定する。前記全光線透過率(光透過率)の値は、波長550nmでの測定値をその値とする。
本発明の積層フィルム(樹脂フィルム基材上に、本発明の積層体が形成されたもの)を、50mm×140mmの短冊状にサンプリングを行い、前記サンプルをステンレス板に両面テープで固定する。PETフィルム(T100:三菱樹脂フィルム社製)にアクリル粘着層(厚み20μm)を貼合し、25mm×100mmにカットした粘着テープ片を、前記本発明の積層フィルムにおける、樹脂フィルムと反対側に貼合し、前記PETフィルムとのラミネートを行う。次に、前記サンプルを、オートグラフ引っ張り試験機(島津製作所社製:AG-Xplus)にチャック間距離が100mmになるようにチャッキングした後に、0.3m/minの引張速度で引っ張り試験を行う。50mmピール試験を行った平均試験力を、粘着ピール強度、すなわち粘着力とする。また、接着力も同一の測定方法で測定できる。本発明において、「粘着力」と「接着力」とに明確な区別はない。
以下、本発明の積層体における前記空隙層(以下、「本発明の空隙層」という場合がある。)について、例を挙げて説明する。ただし、本発明の空隙層は、これに限定されない。
空隙率の測定対象となる層が単一層で空隙を含んでいるだけならば、層の構成物質と空気との割合(体積比)は、定法(例えば重量および体積を測定して密度を算出する)により算出することが可能であるため、これにより、空隙率(体積%)を算出できる。また、屈折率と空隙率は相関関係があるため、例えば、層としての屈折率の値から空隙率を算出することもできる。具体的には、エリプソメーターで測定した屈折率の値から、Lorentz‐Lorenz’s formula(ローレンツ-ローレンツの式)より空隙率を算出する。
(1)原料ゲル自体(粒子内)が有する空隙
(2)ゲル粉砕物単位が有する空隙
(3)ゲル粉砕物の堆積により生じる粉砕物間の空隙
細孔分布/比表面積測定装置(BELLSORP MINI/マイクロトラックベル社の商品名)を用いて、窒素吸着によるBJHプロットおよびBETプロット、等温吸着線を算出した結果から、ピーク細孔径を算出する。
本発明において、空隙層の形態は、SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)を用いて観察および解析できる。具体的には、例えば、前記空隙層を、冷却下でFIB加工(加速電圧:30kV)し、得られた断面サンプルについてFIB-SEM(FEI社製:商品名Helios NanoLab600、加速電圧:1kV)により、観察倍率100,000倍にて断面電子像を得ることができる。
本発明において、前記空隙サイズは、BET試験法により定量化できる。具体的には、細孔分布/比表面積測定装置(BELLSORP MINI/マイクロトラックベル社の商品名)のキャピラリに、サンプル(本発明の空隙層)を0.1g投入した後、室温で24時間、減圧乾燥を行って、空隙構造内の気体を脱気する。そして、前記サンプルに窒素ガスを吸着させることで、BETプロットおよびBJHプロット、吸着等温線を描き、細孔分布を求める。これによって、空隙サイズが評価できる。
空隙層(本発明の空隙層)を50mm×50mmのサイズにカットし、ヘイズメーター(村上色彩技術研究所社製:HM-150)にセットしてヘイズを測定する。ヘイズ値については、以下の式より算出を行う。
ヘイズ(%)=[拡散透過率(%)/全光線透過率(%)]×100(%)
アクリルフィルムに空隙層(本発明の空隙層)を形成した後に、50mm×50mmのサイズにカットし、これを粘着層でガラス板(厚み:3mm)の表面に貼合する。前記ガラス板の裏面中央部(直径20mm程度)を黒インクで塗りつぶして、前記ガラス板の裏面で反射しないサンプルを調製する。エリプソメーター(J.A.Woollam Japan社製:VASE)に前記サンプルをセットし、500nmの波長、入射角50~80度の条件で、屈折率を測定し、その平均値を屈折率とする。
本発明の空隙層は、前述のとおり、粒子同士を化学的に結合させて形成された空隙層である。前記粒子は、前述のとおり、無機化合物に有機基が結合した無機有機複合体粒子であり、前記有機基は、直鎖または分枝アルキル基であるR1基と、炭素-炭素不飽和結合を含む基であるR2基とを含み、R1基とR2基の合計に対するR2基のモル比率が、1~30モル%である。R1基とR2基の合計に対するR2基のモル比率は、例えば、30モル%以下、25モル%以下、または10モル%以下であってもよく、例えば、1モル%以上、1.5モル%以上、1.8モル%以上、2モル%以上、または2.5モル%以上であってもよい。モル比率は、固体NMR(1H-NMR)を用いて、R1基由来のプロトンピークとR2基由来のプロトンピークの強度を比較することによって求めることができる。
本発明の空隙層は、前述のとおり、表面配向性を有する化合物を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の積層体において、前記粘接着剤層は、特に限定されないが、例えば、前述のとおり、(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーと、反応性二重結合を1分子中に1つ又は2つ有するモノマーと、イソシアネート系架橋剤と、有機過酸化物とを含む粘接着剤塗工液(以下「本発明の粘接着剤塗工液」ということがある。)を用いて形成することができる。本発明の粘接着剤塗工液は、例えば、前記(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーと、前記反応性二重結合を1分子中に1つ又は2つ有するモノマーと、前記イソシアネート系架橋剤と、前記有機過酸化物とを混合する混合工程を含む製造方法により製造することができる。本発明において、「粘着剤」と「接着剤」とは、後述するように、必ずしも明確に区別できるものではない。本発明において、「粘接着剤」という場合は、特に断らない限り、「粘着剤」と「接着剤」との両方を含む。前記本発明の粘接着剤塗工液は、前述のとおり、(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーと、反応性二重結合を1分子中に1つ又は2つ有するモノマーと、イソシアネート系架橋剤と、有機過酸化物とを含む。これ以外は、前記本発明の粘接着剤塗工液は、特に限定されないが、例えば、以下に例示するとおりである。
本発明の空隙層および積層体の製造方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、以下に説明する製造方法により行うことができる。ただし、以下の説明は例示であり、本発明をなんら限定しない。なお、以下において、本発明の空隙層を製造する方法を、「本発明の空隙層の製造方法」ということがある。
以下、本発明の空隙層の製造方法について、例を挙げて説明する。ただし、本発明の空隙層の製造方法は、以下の説明によりなんら限定されない。
本発明のゲル粉砕物含有液は、例えば、前記ゲル粉砕工程(例えば、前記第1の粉砕段階及び前記第2の粉砕段階)により粉砕したゲルの粉砕物と、前記他の溶媒とを含む。
R1およびR2は、それぞれ、直鎖もしくは分枝アルキル基であり、
R1およびR2は、同一でも異なっていても良く、
R1は、Xが2の場合、互いに同一でも異なっていても良く、
R2は、互いに同一でも異なっていても良い。
ゲルを乾燥後、固体NMR(Si-NMR)を測定し、NMRのピーク比から架橋構造に寄与していない残存シラノール基(ゲル内架橋構造に寄与していない官能基)の割合を算出する。また、前記官能基がシラノール基以外の場合でも、これに準じて、NMRのピーク比からゲル内架橋構造に寄与していない官能基の割合を算出することができる。
以下に、本発明の積層体の製造方法を、前記積層体を構成する本発明の空隙層の製造方法および粘接着層の製造方法と併せて、例を挙げて説明する。以下においては、主に、前記本発明の空隙層が、ケイ素化合物により形成されたシリコーン多孔体である場合について説明する。しかし、本発明の空隙層は、シリコーン多孔体のみに限定されない。本発明の空隙層がシリコーン多孔体以外である場合においては、特に断らない限り、以下の説明を準用できる。また、以下において、本発明の空隙層の製造に用いるゲル粉砕物含有液は、特に断らない限り、前記表面配向性を有する化合物で表面修飾したナノ粒子を含んでいるものとする。前記表面配向性を有する化合物で表面修飾したナノ粒子は、例えば、前述のとおり、前記ゲル粉砕物含有液の製造後に、前記ゲル粉砕物含有液に加えることができる。
粘弾性測定装置ARES(TAインスツルメント社の商品名)を使用し、以下の方法により粘接着剤層の23℃時の貯蔵弾性率を測定した。すなわち、まず、厚み2mmのシート状である以外は以下の各参考例、実施例および比較例における粘接着剤層と同じであるシート(層)を成形した。そのシートを直径25mmのパラレルプレートに合わせて打ち抜き、測定サンプルとした。この測定サンプルを、前記粘弾性測定装置ARESのチャックに装着した。そして、1Hzの周期でひずみを与えつつ、5℃/分の昇温速度で-70℃から150℃まで温度を上昇させて、23℃時の貯蔵弾性率を測定した。
エリプソメーター(J.A.Woollam Japan社製:VASE)に低屈折率層付き基材サンプルをセットし、500nmの波長、入射角50~80度の条件で、屈折率を測定し、その平均値を屈折率とした。
プリズムカプラ(メトリコン製)に、超低屈層上に粘着剤を貼り合わせた積層体の基材面側に装置のプリズムを密着させ、レーザーを用いて全反射臨界角を測定し、その臨界角の値から屈折率を算出した。
上記の通り測定された屈折率の値から、Lorentz‐Lorenz’s formula(ローレンツ-ローレンツの式)より空隙率を算出した。
粘着剤層の厚みは、粘着剤層の5地点の厚みを、ダイヤルゲージを用いて測定し、その平均値とした。中間層の厚みは、SEM画像において粘着剤層と低屈折率層との間に存在している、コントラストが異なる厚み部分を中間層とし、その厚みをSEM画像上の2地点で読み取った値の平均値とした。
ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィー(GPC)法により測定した分子量重量分布曲線から、ゾル分の重量平均分子量と、分子量1万以下の低分子量成分の割合(重量百分率)を算出した。具体的には、まず、以下の各参考例、実施例および比較例における粘接着剤層と同じ方法で調整した測定サンプル(各粘着剤組成物を塗工後、加熱乾燥済)を調製した。この測定サンプル200mgにテトラヒドロフラン(THF)を10ml添加したものを20時間静置し、0.45μmメンブレンフィルターにてろ過した。その後、得られたろ液について下記の測定装置および測定条件にてGPC測定を行ない、前述のとおり、分子量重量分布曲線から、ゾル分の重量平均分子量と、分子量1万以下の低分子量成分の割合(重量百分率)を算出した。
GPC測定装置:商品名「AQCUITY APC」(Water社製)
カラム:商品名「G7000HxL+GMHxL+GMHxL」(東ソー社製)
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:0.8mL/min
検出器:示差屈折計(RI)
カラム温度(測定温度):40℃
注入量:100μL
標準:ポリスチレン
前述の方法により、波長500nmでの屈折率を測定した。
まず、ケイ素化合物のゲル化(下記工程(1))および熟成工程(下記工程(2))を行ない、多孔質構造を有するゲル(シリコーン多孔体)を製造した。さらにその後、下記(3)形態制御工程、(4)溶媒置換工程、(5)ゲル粉砕工程、(6)フルオロアルキル基によるナノ粒子の修飾反応、および(7)ナノ粒子のフルオロアルキル基修飾済み分散液の混合を行ない、空隙層形成用塗工液(ゲル粉砕物含有液)を得た。なお、本参考例では、下記のとおり、下記(3)形態制御工程を、下記工程(1)とは別の工程として行なった。しかし、本発明は、これに限定されず、例えば、下記(3)形態制御工程を、下記工程(1)中に行なっても良い。
DMSO 22kgに、ケイ素化合物の前駆体であるMTMSを9.5kg溶解させた。前記混合液に、0.01mol/Lのシュウ酸水溶液を5kg添加し、室温で120分、撹拌を行うことでMTMSを加水分解して、トリス(ヒドロキシ)メチルシランを生成した。
前記ゲル化処理を行なって得られた、ゲル状ケイ素化合物を40℃で20時間インキュベートして、熟成処理を行ない、前記直方体形状の塊のゲルを得た。
前記工程(1)(2)によって前記30cm×30cm×5cmのステンレス容器中で合成されたゲル上に、置換溶媒である水を流し込んだ。つぎに、前記ステンレス容器中でゲルに対して上部から切断用治具の切断刃をゆっくり挿入し、ゲルを1.5cm×2cm×5cmのサイズの直方体に切断した。
つぎに、下記(4-1)~(4-3)のようにして溶媒置換工程を行った。
前記(4)溶媒置換工程後の前記ゲル(ゲル状ケイ素化合物)に対して、第1の粉砕段階で連続式乳化分散(太平洋機工社製、マイルダーMDN304型)、第2の粉砕段階で高圧メディアレス粉砕(スギノマシン社製、スターバーストHJP-25005型)の2段階で粉砕を行なった。この粉砕処理は、前記溶媒置換されたゲル状ケイ素化合物を溶媒含有したゲル43.4kgに対しイソブチルアルコール26.6kgを追加、秤量した後、第1の粉砕段階は循環粉砕にて20分間、第2の粉砕段階は粉砕圧力100MPaの粉砕を行なった。このようにして、ナノメートルサイズの粒子(前記ゲルの粉砕物)が分散したイソブチルアルコール分散液(ゲル粉砕物含有液)を得た。さらに、前記ゲル粉砕物含有液3kg中にWPBG-266(商品名、Wako製)のメチルイソブチルケトン1.5%濃度溶液を224g添加し、さらにビス(トリメトキシシリル)エタン(TCI製)のメチルイソブチルケトン5%濃度溶液を67.2g添加したあと、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドを31.8g添加・混合し、ゲル粉砕物含有液を得た。
0.1N(0.1mol/L)のHCl水溶液0.06gにIPA(イソプロピルアルコール)0.27gを添加後撹拌し、均一な溶液を得た。その液にMIBK-ST(日産化学の商品名:Siナノ粒子のMIBK[メチルイソブチルケトン]分散液)を10g添加し、さらにトリメトキシ(1H,1H,2H,2H-ノナフルオロヘキシル)シランを0.7g添加した。そのようにして得られた混合物を60℃で1h加熱撹拌して前記Siナノ粒子の修飾反応を行ない、前記Siナノ粒子のフルオロアルキル基修飾済み分散液(修飾ナノ粒子分散液)を得た。
前記(1)~(5)の工程により製造したゲル粉砕物含有液に、3kg中に、前記(6)の工程により製造した前記Siナノ粒子のフルオロアルキル基修飾済み分散液(修飾ナノ粒子分散液)を60g添加して空隙層製造用塗工液を得た。
参考例1のMTMSの全質量(100質量%)に代えて、MTMS94質量%およびビニルトリメトキシシラン(TCI社製)6質量%を用いた(すなわち、MTMSのうち6質量%をビニルトリメトキシシランに置き換えた)こと以外は参考例1と同様にして空隙層製造用塗工液を製造した。
以下のようにして、粘接着剤塗工液を製造した。さらに、その粘接着剤塗工液を用いて粘接着剤層を製造した。
攪拌羽根、温度計、窒素ガス導入管、冷却器を備えた4つ口フラスコに、ブチルアクリレート90.7部、N-アクリロイルモルホリン6部、アクリル酸3部、2-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート0.3部、重合開始剤として2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1重量部を酢酸エチル100gと共に仕込み、緩やかに攪拌しながら窒素ガスを導入して窒素置換した後、フラスコ内の液温を55℃付近に保って8時間重合反応を行い、アクリル系ポリマー溶液を製造した。
前述のとおり製造したアクリル系ポリマー溶液の固形分(溶媒以外の全成分)100部に対して、イソシアネート系架橋剤(日本ポリウレタン工業社製:商品名「コロネートL」、トリメチロールプロパンのトリレンジイソシアネートのアダクト体)0.15部、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド(日本油脂社製:商品名「ナイパーBMT」)1.0部、γ-グリシドキシプロピルメトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製:商品名「KBM-403」)0.075部、さらにN-アクリロイルモルホリン8部を配合したアクリル系粘着剤溶液を製造した。前記ベンゾイルパーオキサイドは、有機過酸化物に該当する。前記N-アクリロイルモルホリン(ACMO)は、「反応性二重結合を1分子中に1つ又は2つ有するモノマー」に該当する。なお、前記N-アクリロイルモルホリンは、反応性二重結合を1分子中に1つ有するモノマーである。
前述のとおり製造したアクリル系粘着剤溶液を、シリコーン処理を施したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(三菱化学ポリエステルフィルム社製、厚さ:38μm)の片面に、乾燥後の粘着剤層の厚さが10μmになるように塗布し、150℃で3分間乾燥を行い、本参考例の粘接着剤層を製造した。この粘接着剤層の23℃時の貯蔵弾性率G’は、1.3×105であった。
以下のようにして、粘接着剤塗工液を製造した。さらに、その粘接着剤塗工液を用いて粘接着剤層を製造した。
参考例3の「アクリル系ポリマーの製造」と完全に同一の方法で、同一のアクリル系ポリマー溶液を製造した。
前述のとおり製造したアクリル系ポリマー溶液の固形分(溶媒以外の全成分)100部に対して、イソシアネート系架橋剤(日本ポリウレタン工業社製:商品名「コロネートL」、トリメチロールプロパンのトリレンジイソシアネートのアダクト体)0.15部、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド(日本油脂社製:商品名「ナイパーBMT」)0.25部、γ-グリシドキシプロピルメトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製:商品名「KBM-403」)0.075部を配合したアクリル系粘着剤溶液を製造した。すなわち、N-アクリロイルモルホリンを加えなかったことと、ベンゾイルパーオキサイドの量を変更したこと以外は参考例3の「粘接着剤塗工液の製造」と同様にしてアクリル系粘着剤溶液を製造した。
前述のとおり製造したアクリル系粘着剤溶液を、シリコーン処理を施したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(三菱化学ポリエステルフィルム社製、厚さ:38μm)の片面に、乾燥後の粘着剤層の厚さが10μmになるように塗布し、150℃で3分間乾燥を行い、本参考例の粘接着剤層を製造した。すなわち、参考例3のアクリル系粘着剤溶液に代えて本参考例(参考例4)のアクリル系粘着剤溶液を用いたこと以外は参考例3の「粘接着剤層の製造」と同様にして本参考例の粘接着剤層を製造した。この粘接着剤層の23℃時の貯蔵弾性率G’は、1.3×105であった。
参考例1で製造した空隙層形成用塗工液を、アクリル基材上に塗工した後に乾燥し、膜厚約850nmの高空隙率層(空隙率59体積%)を形成した。高空隙率層面からUV照射(450mJ/cm2)を行なった後、参考例3で得られた厚み10μmの粘接着剤層を高空隙率層面上に貼り合わせし、50℃で30hエージングを行なって、空隙層の片面に粘接着剤層が直接積層された本発明の積層体を製造した。
参考例3の粘接着剤層に代えて参考例4の粘接着剤層を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、空隙層の片面に粘接着剤層が直接積層された積層体を製造した。さらに、製造した積層体に対し、実施例1の積層体と同様に60℃90%RHオーブン中で1000hの加熱加湿耐久性試験を行ない、加熱加湿耐久性試験前後の屈折率変化量をそれぞれ測定し、比較した。その結果を表1に示す。
参考例2の空隙層製造用塗工液におけるMTMSとビニルトリメトキシシランとの比を、MTMS97質量%およびビニルトリメトキシシラン3質量%に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、空隙層の片面に粘接着剤層が直接積層された積層体を製造した。さらに、製造した積層体に対し、実施例1の積層体と同様に60℃90%RHオーブン中で1000hの加熱加湿耐久性試験を行ない、加熱加湿耐久性試験前後の屈折率変化量をそれぞれ測定し、比較した。その結果を表1に示す。
参考例2の空隙層製造用塗工液におけるMTMSとビニルトリメトキシシランとの比を、MTMS90質量%およびビニルトリメトキシシラン10質量%に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、空隙層の片面に粘接着剤層が直接積層された積層体を製造した。さらに、製造した積層体に対し、実施例1の積層体と同様に60℃90%RHオーブン中で1000hの加熱加湿耐久性試験を行ない、加熱加湿耐久性試験前後の屈折率変化量をそれぞれ測定し、比較した。その結果を表1に示す。
参考例2の空隙層製造用塗工液に代えて参考例1の空隙層製造用塗工液を用いたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、空隙層の片面に粘接着剤層が直接積層された積層体を製造した。さらに、製造した積層体に対し、実施例1の積層体と同様に60℃90%RHオーブン中で1000hの加熱加湿耐久性試験を行ない、加熱加湿耐久性試験前後の屈折率変化量をそれぞれ測定し、比較した。その結果を表1に示す。
参考例2の空隙層製造用塗工液におけるMTMSとビニルトリメトキシシランとの比を、MTMS50質量%およびビニルトリメトキシシラン50質量%に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、空隙層の片面に粘接着剤層が直接積層された積層体を製造した。さらに、製造した積層体に対し、実施例1の積層体と同様に60℃90%RHオーブン中で1000hの加熱加湿耐久性試験を行ない、加熱加湿耐久性試験前後の屈折率変化量をそれぞれ測定し、比較した。その結果を表1に示す。
20 空隙層
20’ 塗工膜(乾燥後)
20’’ ゾル粒子液
21 強度が向上した空隙層
22 中間層
30 粘接着層
101 送り出しローラ
102 塗工ロール
110 オーブンゾーン
111 熱風器(加熱手段)
120 化学処理ゾーン
121 ランプ(光照射手段)または熱風器(加熱手段)
130a 粘接着層塗工ゾーン
130 中間体形成ゾーン
131a 粘接着層塗工手段
131 熱風器(加熱手段)
105 巻き取りロール
106 ロール
201 送り出しローラ
202 液溜め
203 ドクター(ドクターナイフ)
204 マイクログラビア
210 オーブンゾーン
211 加熱手段
220 化学処理ゾーン
221 光照射手段または加熱手段
230a 粘接着層塗工ゾーン
230 中間体形成ゾーン
231a 粘接着層塗工手段
231 熱風器(加熱手段)
251 巻き取りロール
Claims (19)
- 粒子同士を化学的に結合させて形成された空隙層であって、
前記空隙層の空隙率が35体積%以上であり、
前記粒子は、無機化合物に有機基が結合した無機有機複合体粒子であり、
前記有機基は、直鎖または分枝アルキル基であるR1基と、炭素-炭素不飽和結合を含む基であるR2基とを含み、
R1基とR2基の合計に対するR2基のモル比率が1~30モル%であることを特徴とする空隙層。 - 前記R1基が、炭素数1~6の直鎖または分枝アルキル基である請求項1記載の空隙層。
- 前記化学式(R2)において、
R21、R22およびR23は、それぞれ、水素原子または炭素数1~6の直鎖もしくは分枝アルキル基であり、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、
R24は、炭素数1~6の直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレン基、オキシカルボニル基、エーテル基、または炭素数1~7の直鎖もしくは分枝アルキレンオキシカルボニル基であるか、または存在しない、請求項3記載の空隙層。 - 前記R2基が、CH2=CH-、CH2=CH-(CH2)1-6-、CH2=C(CH3)-COO-、CH2=CH-O-、CH2=C(CH3)-COO-(CH2)1-6-、またはCH2=C(CH3)-CH2-である請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の空隙層。
- 前記粒子における前記無機化合物が、Si、Mg、Al、Ti、ZnおよびZrからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの骨格原子を含む請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の空隙層。
- シリコーン多孔体である請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の空隙層。
- 屈折率が1.25以下である請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の空隙層。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の空隙層と、
前記空隙層の片面または両面に直接積層された粘接着剤層と、
を含むことを特徴とする積層体。 - 前記空隙層と前記粘接着剤層との間に中間層が存在し、
前記中間層は、前記空隙層と前記粘接着剤層との合一によって形成された層である請求項9記載の積層体。 - 前記粘接着剤層は、(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーを含む粘接着剤塗工液から形成され、
前記(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーは、モノマー成分として、複素環含有アクリルモノマー3~10重量%、(メタ)アクリル酸0.5~5重量%、ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレート0.05~2重量%、およびアルキル(メタ)アクリレート83~96.45重量%を重合させて得られる重量平均分子量が150万~280万の(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーである、請求項9または10記載の積層体。 - 前記(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーが、架橋剤で架橋された(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーを含む請求項11記載の積層体。
- 前記粘接着剤層は、
(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーと、反応性二重結合を1分子中に1つ又は2つ有するモノマーと、イソシアネート系架橋剤と、有機過酸化物とを含む粘接着剤塗工液を準備する粘接着剤塗工液準備工程と、
前記粘接着剤塗工液を基材に塗布する粘接着剤塗工液塗布工程と、
前記粘接着剤塗工液が塗布された前記基材を加熱乾燥する加熱乾燥工程と、
を含む方法によって形成される層である請求項9から12のいずれか一項に記載の積層体。 - 前記反応性二重結合を1つ又は2つ有するモノマーが複素環含有アクリレートである、請求項13記載の積層体。
- 前記粘接着層の23℃時の貯蔵弾性率が1.0×105以上である請求項9から14のいずれか一項に記載の積層体。
- 温度60℃かつ相対湿度90%で1000時間保持する加熱加湿耐久性試験後に、屈折率が1.25以下である、請求項9から15のいずれか一項に記載の積層体。
- 前記粒子を含む分散液を塗工する塗工工程と、
塗工した前記分散液を乾燥させる乾燥工程と、を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の空隙層の製造方法。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の空隙層または請求項9から16のいずれか一項に記載の積層体を含む光学部材。
- 請求項18記載の光学部材を含む光学装置。
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JP2020152873A (ja) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-24 | 株式会社カネカ | 硬化物、硬化物の製造方法、硬化性樹脂組成物および硬化物の利用 |
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US20240101870A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
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