WO2022163179A1 - 有価金属を回収する方法 - Google Patents
有価金属を回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022163179A1 WO2022163179A1 PCT/JP2021/045997 JP2021045997W WO2022163179A1 WO 2022163179 A1 WO2022163179 A1 WO 2022163179A1 JP 2021045997 W JP2021045997 W JP 2021045997W WO 2022163179 A1 WO2022163179 A1 WO 2022163179A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- treatment
- reduction melting
- oxidation
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 14
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/10—Roasting processes in fluidised form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/0052—Reduction smelting or converting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0056—Scrap treating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/021—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/18—Reducing step-by-step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/004—Dry processes separating two or more metals by melting out (liquation), i.e. heating above the temperature of the lower melting metal component(s); by fractional crystallisation (controlled freezing)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals.
- lithium-ion batteries have become popular as lightweight, high-output secondary batteries.
- a well-known lithium-ion battery has a structure in which a negative electrode material, a positive electrode material, a separator, and an electrolytic solution are enclosed in an outer can.
- the outer can is made of metal such as aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe).
- the negative electrode material is composed of a negative electrode active material (graphite, etc.) adhered to a negative electrode current collector (copper foil, etc.).
- the positive electrode material is composed of a positive electrode active material (lithium nickelate, lithium cobaltate, etc.) adhered to a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil, etc.).
- the separator is made of a polypropylene porous resin film or the like.
- Electrolyte solutions include electrolytes such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ).
- lithium-ion batteries One of the major uses of lithium-ion batteries is hybrid and electric vehicles. Therefore, it is expected that a large amount of lithium-ion batteries installed in automobiles will be discarded in the future in accordance with the life cycle of automobiles. Also, there are lithium ion batteries that are discarded as defective during manufacturing. It is desired to reuse such used batteries and defective batteries produced during manufacturing (hereinafter referred to as "waste lithium ion batteries”) as resources.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for a process of recovering enthalpy and metals from lithium-ion batteries in a copper smelting furnace. Specifically, it comprises the steps of feeding useful feedstocks and slag forming agents to the smelting furnace, and adding exothermic agents and reductants, wherein at least a portion of the exothermic agents and/or reductants are A process is disclosed, characterized in that it replaces a lithium-ion battery containing one or more of metallic iron, metallic aluminum, and carbon. If a copper smelting furnace can be used, valuable metals such as copper and nickel can be efficiently recovered from lithium ion batteries in conjunction with copper smelting. Cobalt is distributed in the slag in copper smelting. As a method for recovering cobalt, for example, a method of roasting waste lithium-ion batteries to separate the alloy and slag and wet-treating the obtained alloy can be considered.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a valuable metal recovery method for recovering valuable metals containing nickel and cobalt from waste lithium ion batteries containing nickel and cobalt. Specifically, a melting step of melting a waste battery to obtain a melt, an oxidation step performed on the melt or on a waste battery before the melting step to oxidize the waste battery, and A slag separation step of separating slag to recover an alloy containing valuable metals, and a dephosphorization step of separating phosphorus contained in the alloy. Oxidizing the alloy is disclosed. Patent Document 2 proposes a process for recovering valuable metals by adding silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and calcium oxide (CaO) when melting waste lithium-ion batteries to lower the melting point of the slag. .
- silicon dioxide SiO 2
- CaO calcium oxide
- Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 still have problems.
- the method of Patent Document 1 requires high-temperature treatment.
- the oxide of the processing container is eroded by the slag and immediately cracks. If such erosion occurs, the equipment cost will be enormous, and the valuable metal cannot be recovered at a low cost.
- the amount of flux added is large, so the amount of waste lithium ion batteries to be treated is small.
- the flux contains a large amount of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), which is an acidic oxide, removal of phosphorus, which is an acidic oxide, from the metal may be insufficient. Due to such problems, it is desired to develop a technique for inexpensively recovering valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries.
- the present invention has been proposed in view of such circumstances, and aims to provide a method for inexpensively recovering valuable metals.
- the inventors have made extensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, focusing on the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to aluminum (Al) in the slag (Li/Al ratio) and the molar ratio of calcium (Ca) to aluminum (Al) (Ca/Al ratio), these By specifying the ratio within a predetermined range, the melting temperature of the slag can be lowered to a low temperature of 1575 ° C. or less, and the valuable metal can be recovered at a low cost. .
- a first aspect of the present invention is a method for recovering valuable metals, comprising the following steps: a preparation step of preparing a charge containing at least lithium (Li) and valuable metals; a redox melting step of obtaining a reduced product containing a valuable metal-containing fusion metal and slag by subjecting the waste to oxidation treatment and reduction melting treatment; and a slag separation step of separating slag from the reduced product to recover the fusion metal. and, wherein the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to aluminum (Al) in the slag (Li/Al ratio) is 0.15 or more and less than 0.40, and calcium (Ca ) is set to a molar ratio (Ca/Al) of 0.15 or more.
- a second aspect of the present invention is the first aspect, wherein calcium (Ca) is added to the charge and/or the treated material in either or both of the preparation step and the oxidation-reduction melting step. It is a method of adding a contained flux.
- a third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein during the oxidation treatment, the charging material is oxidatively roasted to obtain an oxidatively roasted product, and during the reduction melting treatment, and a method of reducing and melting the oxidized roasted product to obtain a reduced product.
- a fourth invention of the present invention is a method according to any one of the first to third inventions, wherein a reducing agent is introduced during the reduction melting treatment.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is the method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the heating temperature of the reduction melting treatment is 1300°C or higher and 1575°C or lower.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is the method according to the fifth aspect, wherein the heating temperature of the reduction melting treatment is 1350°C or higher and 1450°C or lower.
- the seventh invention of the present invention is the method according to any one of the first to sixth inventions, wherein the charge includes waste lithium ion batteries.
- the eighth invention of the present invention is the method according to any one of the first to seventh inventions, wherein manganese oxide (MnO) contained in the slag is 15% by mass or less.
- MnO manganese oxide
- FIG. 1 is a process chart showing the flow of a method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the apparatus used for the test.
- this embodiment An embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “this embodiment") will be described below.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications are possible without changing the gist of the present invention.
- the method of recovering valuable metals according to the present embodiment is a method of recovering valuable metals from a charge containing at least lithium (Li) and valuable metals.
- Valuable metals are those consisting of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and combinations thereof, and the group consisting of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and combinations thereof At least one metal or alloy selected from Moreover, the method according to the present embodiment is mainly a recovery method by a pyrometallurgical process. In addition, it may consist of a pyrometallurgical process and a hydrometallurgical process.
- this recovery method includes a preparation step of preparing a charge containing at least lithium (Li) and a valuable metal, and subjecting the charge to oxidation treatment and reduction melting treatment to melt the charge containing the valuable metal. It includes a redox melting step of obtaining a reduced product containing an alloy and slag, and a slag separation step of separating the slag from the obtained reduced product and recovering the fusion metal.
- the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to aluminum (Al) in the slag (Li/Al ratio) is set to 0.15 or more and less than 0.40
- the molar ratio of calcium (Ca) to aluminum (Al) in the slag ( Ca/Al ratio) is set to 0.15 or more.
- a charge is prepared.
- the charge is to be treated to recover valuable metals, contains lithium (Li), and is selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and combinations thereof. contains at least one valuable metal.
- the charge may contain these components (Li, Cu, Ni, Co) in the form of metals or in the form of compounds such as oxides.
- the charge may contain inorganic or organic components other than these components (Li, Cu, Ni, Co).
- the target of the charge there are no particular restrictions on the target of the charge, and examples include waste lithium-ion batteries, dielectric materials (capacitors), and magnetic materials.
- the form is not limited as long as it is suitable for the treatment in the subsequent oxidation-reduction melting process.
- the charge may be subjected to a treatment such as pulverization to form a suitable form.
- the charge may be subjected to treatment such as heat treatment or separation treatment to remove unnecessary components such as moisture and organic matter.
- Oxidation-reduction melting process In the oxidation-reduction melting step, the prepared charge is subjected to oxidation treatment and reduction melting treatment to obtain a reduced product. This reductant separates the fusion metal and the slag.
- the fusion metal contains valuable metals. Therefore, it becomes possible to separate the component containing the valuable metal (fusion metal) from the other components in the reduced product. This is because metals with low added value (such as Al) have high affinity for oxygen, whereas valuable metals have low affinity for oxygen.
- metals with low added value such as Al
- metals with low added value such as Al
- metals with low added value such as Al
- metals with low added value such as Al
- metals with low added value such as Al
- metals with low added value such as Al
- metals with low added value such as Al
- aluminum (Al), lithium (Li), carbon (C), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) are commonly In general, they are oxidized in the order of Al>Li>C>Mn>P>Fe>Co>Ni>Cu. That is, aluminum (Al) is most easily oxidized, and copper (Cu) is most difficult to
- metals with low added value Al, etc.
- valuable metals Cu, Ni, Co
- molten metal alloy
- the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to aluminum (Al) in the slag (Li/Al ratio) is set to 0.15 or more and less than 0.40, and calcium (Ca ) is set to 0.15 or more (Ca/Al ratio).
- Lithium (Li) and calcium (Ca) contribute to lowering the melting temperature of slag. Therefore, by controlling the components of the slag within the ranges described above, the melting temperature of the slag can be set to 1575° C. or lower, for example, 1450° C. or lower.
- the slag contains a large amount of calcium (Ca)
- the slag may not contain aluminum (Al).
- Al aluminum
- Li/Al ratio is too high, the life of the crucible may be shortened depending on the crucible material used.
- both the Li/Al ratio and the Ca/Al ratio are excessively high, the slag may be difficult to melt. For this reason, the Li/Al ratio in the slag should be less than 0.4.
- the upper limit of the Ca/Al ratio in the slag is not particularly limited, it is preferably less than 1.0, more preferably less than 0.8, and even more preferably less than 0.3.
- the amount of slag components (Al, Li, Ca) can be easily controlled by adjusting the composition of the charged material and the amount of added flux, which will be described later.
- a flux containing calcium (Ca) can be added to the treated material in order to adjust the amount of calcium (Ca) in the slag.
- the flux preferably contains calcium (Ca) as a main component, and examples thereof include calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ).
- the flux may be added at a stage before the reduction melting treatment step. That is, flux may be added to the charge and/or treated material in either or both of the preparation process and/or the oxidation-reduction melting process (oxidation treatment, reduction melting treatment). However, if the charge itself contains a large amount of calcium (Ca) component, the flux may not be added.
- the flux preferably does not contain silicon (Si).
- the oxidation treatment and the reduction melting treatment may be performed simultaneously or separately.
- a simultaneous method there is a method of blowing an oxidizing agent into the melt produced by the reduction melting treatment. Specifically, a metal tube (lance) is inserted into the melt produced by the reduction melting process, and an oxidizing agent is blown into the melt by bubbling to simultaneously perform the oxidation process while performing the reduction melting process.
- an oxygen-containing gas such as air, pure oxygen, or oxygen-enriched gas can be used as the oxidant.
- the oxidation treatment and the reduction melting treatment are performed separately in the oxidation-reduction melting process.
- the prepared charge is oxidized roasted to obtain an oxidized roasted product (oxidation treatment), and then the obtained oxidized roasted product is reduced and melted to obtain a reduced product (reduction melting treatment). method.
- the oxidation treatment is a treatment to oxidize and roast the charge to obtain an oxidized roasted product (hereinafter also referred to as “oxidizing roasting treatment”).
- oxidizing roasting treatment By performing the oxidation roasting treatment, even if the charge contains carbon, the carbon is oxidized and removed, and as a result, the alloy integration of the valuable metals in the subsequent reduction melting treatment can be promoted. .
- the valuable metal is reduced and becomes local molten fine particles.
- the carbon contained in the charge acts as a physical obstacle when the molten fine particles (valuable metal) agglomerate. Become. Therefore, if the oxidizing roasting treatment is not performed, the carbon prevents the aggregation and integration of the molten fine particles and the separation of the metal (melting metal) and slag due to this, and the recovery rate of valuable metals may decrease. be.
- the aggregation and integration of the molten fine particles (valuable metals) generated by the reduction melting treatment proceeds, and the recovery rate of the valuable metals is further improved. It is possible to increase it further.
- the degree of oxidation can be adjusted as follows. As noted above, aluminum (Al), lithium (Li), carbon (C), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) is generally oxidized in the order of Al>Li>C>Mn>P>Fe>Co>Ni>Cu. In the oxidation treatment, the treatment proceeds until the entire amount of aluminum (Al) is oxidized. Although the treatment may be accelerated until some of the iron (Fe) is oxidized, it is preferable to limit the degree of oxidation to such an extent that the cobalt (Co) is not oxidized and recovered as slag.
- oxidizing agent In order to adjust the degree of oxidation in the oxidative roasting treatment, it is preferable to introduce an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent.
- introduction of an oxidizing agent is preferred when the charge comprises waste lithium-ion batteries.
- Lithium ion batteries contain metals such as aluminum and iron as exterior materials.
- aluminum foil and carbon materials are included as positive electrode materials and negative electrode materials.
- plastic is used as the outer package. Since all of these are materials that act as reducing agents, the degree of oxidation can be adjusted within an appropriate range by introducing an oxidizing agent.
- the oxidizing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can oxidize carbon and low-value-added metals (such as Al), but oxygen-containing gases such as air, pure oxygen, and oxygen-enriched gas, which are easy to handle, are preferred. .
- the amount of oxidizing agent to be introduced is about 1.2 times (for example, 1.15 to 1.25 times) the amount (chemical equivalent) required for oxidizing each substance to be oxidized and roasted.
- the heating temperature for the oxidative roasting treatment is preferably 700°C or higher and 1100°C or lower, more preferably 800°C or higher and 1000°C or lower.
- the temperature for the oxidative roasting treatment is preferably 700°C or higher and 1100°C or lower, more preferably 800°C or higher and 1000°C or lower.
- the oxidative roasting treatment can be performed using a known roasting furnace. Further, it is preferable to use a furnace (preliminary furnace) different from the melting furnace used in the subsequent reduction melting treatment, and to perform the reduction melting treatment in the preliminarily furnace.
- a furnace preliminary furnace
- any type of furnace can be used as long as it is possible to supply an oxidizing agent (such as oxygen) while roasting the pulverized product and perform the treatment inside it. Examples include conventionally known rotary kilns and tunnel kilns (Haas furnaces).
- the reduction melting treatment is a treatment in which the oxidized roasted product obtained by the above-described oxidized roasting treatment is heated to be reduced and melted to obtain a reduced product.
- the purpose of this treatment is to maintain the low value-added metals (Al, etc.) oxidized by the oxidizing roasting treatment as oxides, while reducing and melting the valuable metals (Cu, Ni, Co) to integrate them. It is to recover as an alloy that has been processed.
- the alloy obtained after the reduction melting treatment is called "melting alloy".
- a reducing agent In the reduction melting treatment, it is preferable to introduce a reducing agent. Moreover, it is preferable to use carbon and/or carbon monoxide as a reducing agent. Carbon has the ability to easily reduce valuable metals (Cu, Ni, Co) to be recovered. For example, 1 mol of carbon can reduce 2 mol of valuable metal oxides (copper oxide, nickel oxide, etc.). Moreover, reduction methods using carbon or carbon monoxide are extremely safe compared to methods using metal reducing agents (for example, thermite reaction method using aluminum).
- Coal or coke can also be used if there is no risk of impurity contamination.
- the heating temperature for the reduction melting treatment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1300° C. or higher and 1575° C. or lower, more preferably 1350° C. or higher and 1450° C. or lower.
- the reduction melting treatment may be performed by a known technique.
- the oxidized roasted product is charged into an alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) crucible and heated by resistance heating or the like.
- harmful substances such as dust and exhaust gas may be generated, but the harmful substances can be rendered harmless by performing a known treatment such as exhaust gas treatment.
- the oxidizing roasting treatment When the oxidizing roasting treatment is performed prior to the reducing melting treatment, it is not necessary to perform the oxidizing treatment in the reducing melting treatment. However, if the oxidation in the oxidizing roasting treatment is insufficient, or if the purpose is to further adjust the degree of oxidation, additional oxidation treatment may be performed in the reduction melting treatment. The degree of oxidation can be adjusted more precisely by performing an additional oxidation treatment.
- a sulfurization step of sulfurizing the obtained alloy or a pulverization step of pulverizing the mixture of sulfide and alloy obtained in the sulfurization step may be provided. good.
- a hydrometallurgical process may be performed on the valuable metal alloys obtained through such a pyrometallurgical process. By the hydrometallurgical process, impurity components can be removed, valuable metals (Cu, Ni, Co) can be separated and refined, and each of them can be recovered.
- well-known methods, such as neutralization processing and solvent extraction processing are mentioned as processing in a hydrometallurgical process.
- the Li/Al molar ratio and the Ca/Al molar ratio in the slag are treated to be within the above-described specific ranges, so that the slag is melted.
- the temperature becomes 1575° C. or lower, for example 1450° C. or lower, and the slag becomes less viscous. Therefore, slag and fusion metal can be efficiently separated in the slag separation step, and as a result, valuable metals can be recovered efficiently and inexpensively.
- the charged material to be treated is not limited as long as it contains lithium (Li) and valuable metals. Among them, it is preferable that the charge includes a waste lithium ion battery.
- Waste lithium-ion batteries contain lithium (Li) and valuable metals (Cu, Ni, Co), as well as low value-added metals (Al, Fe) and carbon components. Therefore, valuable metals can be efficiently separated and recovered by using waste lithium ion batteries as a charge.
- waste lithium-ion batteries include not only used lithium-ion batteries, but also defective products such as cathode materials that make up the battery during the manufacturing process, residues inside the manufacturing process, and generated scraps of lithium-ion batteries. It is a concept that includes waste materials in the manufacturing process. Therefore, waste lithium ion batteries can also be called lithium ion battery waste materials.
- Fig. 1 is a process diagram showing the flow of a method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries.
- this method includes a waste battery pretreatment step (S1) in which the electrolyte and outer can of the waste lithium ion battery are removed, and a pulverization step ( S2), an oxidizing roasting step (S3) for oxidizing and roasting the pulverized product, a reducing melting step (S4) for reducing and melting the oxidized roasted product to alloy it, and from the reduced product obtained by the reducing melting treatment and a slag separation step (S5) for separating the slag and recovering the molten alloy.
- a sulfurization step of sulfurizing the obtained alloy and a pulverization step of pulverizing the mixture of the sulfide and the alloy obtained in the sulfurization step may also be provided. Details of each step are described below.
- the waste battery pretreatment step (S1) is performed for the purpose of preventing the waste lithium ion battery from exploding and rendering it harmless, and removing the outer can. Since the lithium ion battery is a closed system, it contains an electrolytic solution and the like inside. If the pulverization treatment is performed as it is, there is a risk of explosion, which is dangerous. Therefore, it is preferable to perform discharge treatment or electrolytic solution removal treatment by some method.
- outer cans are often made of metal such as aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe), and it is relatively easy to recover such metal outer cans as they are. In this way, in the waste battery pretreatment step (S1), by removing the electrolytic solution and the outer can, it is possible to improve the safety and the recovery rate of the valuable metals (Cu, Ni, Co).
- a specific method for the waste battery pretreatment step (S1) is not particularly limited, but for example, a method of physically opening holes in the waste battery with a needle-like cutting edge to remove the electrolytic solution can be mentioned. Also, there is a method of burning waste batteries to make them harmless.
- the pulverized material may be sieved using a sieve shaker. Since aluminum (Al) is easily pulverized by light pulverization, it can be efficiently recovered. Alternatively, iron (Fe) contained in the outer can may be recovered by magnetic separation.
- the pulverization step (S2) the content of the waste lithium ion battery is pulverized to obtain a pulverized product.
- the pulverization treatment in the pulverization step (S2) aims at enhancing the reaction efficiency in the pyrometallurgical process. By increasing the reaction efficiency, the recovery rate of valuable metals (Cu, Ni, Co) can be increased.
- a specific crushing method is not particularly limited. It can be pulverized using a conventionally known pulverizer such as a cutter mixer.
- the pulverized product obtained in the crushing step (S2) is oxidized roasted to obtain an oxidizing roasted product.
- This step corresponds to the oxidation treatment (oxidation roasting treatment) in the above-described "oxidation-reduction melting step", and the details are as described there.
- a sulfurization process or a pulverization process may be provided after the slag separation process. Additionally, a hydrometallurgical process may be performed on the resulting valuable metal alloy. The details of the sulfidation step, the pulverization step, and the hydrometallurgical process are as described above.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the device used in the test.
- 20 g of a mixture of Al 2 O 3 , CaO, LiCO 3 , MnO 2 and Mn reagents at a predetermined ratio was placed in an alumina crucible with a capacity of 30 ml, and the temperature was raised to 1873 K in a small muffle type electric furnace. Warm and hold for 60 seconds.
- Quantitative analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and the melting temperature of each composition was measured by the hot thermocouple method.
- the melting temperature tended to rise more than when Li 2 O was 5 mass % to 10 mass %.
- the dashed lines in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, which will be described later, indicate liquidus lines calculated by thermodynamic calculation software (FactSage).
- FIG. 4 shows a phase diagram of the Al 2 O 3 —CaO—Li 2 O—10 mass % MnO system in which the measurement results of the melting temperature are plotted.
- Mn the melting range at 1773K tends to widen slightly. Based on this result, it is inferred that a similar tendency is observed when the MnO content in the slag is about 15% by mass or less.
- waste lithium ion batteries 18650-type cylindrical batteries, used rectangular batteries for vehicles, and defective products collected in the battery manufacturing process were prepared. Then, after the waste lithium ion battery is immersed in salt water and discharged, water is removed, and the electrolyte and the outer can are decomposed and removed by roasting in the air at a temperature of 260 ° C., and the contents of the battery are obtained. got stuff
- Valuable metal recovery rate Valuable metal (Co) recovery was determined as follows. i.e. (Co weight in recovered alloy) ⁇ (Co weight in recovered alloy + Co weight in slag) ⁇ 100 I asked as The component analysis in the recovered alloy was performed using fluorescent X-rays.
- Table 1 shows the results of the cobalt recovery rate when the obtained slag was melted at melting temperatures of 1450° C. and 1550° C. with different molar ratios of Li/Al and Ca/Al.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態に係る有価金属を回収する方法は、少なくとも、リチウム(Li)及び有価金属を含む装入物から有価金属を回収する方法である。
準備工程では、装入物を準備する。装入物は、有価金属を回収する処理対象となるものであり、リチウム(Li)を含み、さらに銅(Cu)、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有価金属を含有する。装入物は、これらの成分(Li、Cu、Ni、Co)を金属の形態で含んでもよく、あるいは酸化物等の化合物の形態で含んでいてもよい。また、装入物は、これらの成分(Li、Cu、Ni、Co)以外の無機成分や有機成分を含んでいてもよい。
酸化還元熔融工程では、準備した装入物に酸化処理及び還元熔融処理を施して還元物を得る。この還元物は、熔融合金とスラグとを分離して含む。
酸化処理は、装入物を酸化焙焼して酸化焙焼物とする処理(以下、「酸化焙焼処理」ともいう)である。酸化焙焼処理を行うことで、装入物が炭素を含む場合であってもその炭素を酸化除去し、その結果、後続する還元熔融処理での有価金属の合金一体化を促進させることができる。
還元熔融処理は、上述した酸化焙焼処理により得られた酸化焙焼物を加熱して還元熔融し、還元物とする処理である。この処理の目的は、酸化焙焼処理により酸化した付加価値の低い金属(Al等)を酸化物のままに維持する一方で、有価金属(Cu、Ni、Co)を還元及び熔融して一体化した合金として回収することである。なお、還元熔融処理後に得られる合金を「熔融合金」という。
スラグ分離工程では、酸化還元熔融工程で得られた還元物からスラグを分離して、熔融合金を回収する。スラグと熔融合金とはその比重が異なり、熔融合金に比べ比重の小さいスラグは熔融合金の上部に集まることから、比重分離により分離回収することができる。
本実施の形態に係る回収方法において、処理対象である装入物としては、リチウム(Li)及び有価金属を含有する限り、限定されない。その中でも、装入物としては、廃リチウムイオン電池を含むものであることが好ましい。
廃電池前処理工程(S1)は、廃リチウムイオン電池の爆発防止及び無害化、並びに外装缶の除去を目的に行われる。リチウムイオン電池は密閉系であるため、内部に電解液等を有している。そのままの状態で粉砕処理を行うと、爆発のおそれがあり危険であるため、何らかの方法で放電処理や電解液除去処理を施すことが好ましい。また、外装缶は金属であるアルミニウム(Al)や鉄(Fe)から構成されていることが多く、こうした金属製の外装缶はそのまま回収することが比較的に容易である。このように、廃電池前処理工程(S1)において、電解液及び外装缶を除去することで、安全性を高めるとともに、有価金属(Cu、Ni、Co)の回収率を高めることができる。
粉砕工程(S2)では、廃リチウムイオン電池の内容物を粉砕して粉砕物を得る。粉砕工程(S2)での粉砕処理は、乾式製錬プロセスでの反応効率を高めることを目的としている。反応効率を高めることで、有価金属(Cu、Ni、Co)の回収率を高めることができる。
酸化焙焼工程(S3)では、粉砕工程(S2)で得られた粉砕物を酸化焙焼して酸化焙焼物を得る。この工程は、上述した「酸化還元熔融工程」における酸化処理(酸化焙焼処理)に相当する工程であり、詳細はそこで説明したとおりである。
還元熔融工程(S4)では、酸化焙焼工程(S3)で得られた酸化焙焼物を還元して還元物を得る。この工程は、上述した「酸化還元熔融工程」における還元熔融処理に相当する工程であり、詳細はそこで説明したとおりである。
スラグ分離工程(S5)では、還元熔融工程(S4)で得られた還元物からスラグを分離して、熔融合金を回収する。この工程は、上述した「スラグ分離工程」に相当し、詳細はそこで説明したとおりである。
(原料)
リチウム(Li)及びマンガン(Mn)のスラグ熔融温度への影響を調査するための試験として、試薬のAl2O3、CaO、LiCO3、MnO2、Mnを用いた。MnO2とMnについては、還元熔融処理によってMnOとなることを想定し、モル比でMnO2:Mn=1:1になるように添加した。
図2に、試験に用いた装置の構成図を示す。本実施例では、Al2O3、CaO、LiCO3、MnO2、Mnの試薬を所定の割合で混合したものを容量30mlのアルミナ坩堝に20g入れ、小型のマッフル型電気炉にて1873Kに昇温して60秒間保持した。誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法にて定量分析を行うとともに、ホットサーモカップル法にて各組成での熔融温度を測定した。
図3に、熔融温度の測定結果をプロットしたAl2O3-CaO-Li2O系(MnO=0質量%)の状態図を示す。図3に示すように、重量比CaO/(CaO+Al2O3)=0.2、0.3付近の組成においてLi2O=5質量%~10質量%の場合では、Li2O=0質量%の場合と比較して熔融温度が低下した。一方で、Li2Oを15質量%まで増やすと、Li2O=5質量%~10質量%の場合よりも熔融温度が上昇する傾向となった。なお、図3及び後述する図4中の破線は、熱力学計算ソフト(FactSage)により計算された液相線を示す。
続いて、リチウム(Li)及び有価金属を含む廃リチウムイオン電池を使用して処理した実施例を示す。
(廃電池前処理工程)
先ず、廃リチウムイオン電池として、18650型円筒型電池、車載用の角形電池の使用済み電池、及び電池製造工程で回収した不良品を用意した。そして、この廃リチウムイオン電池を塩水中に浸漬して放電させた後、水分を除去し、260℃の温度で大気中にて焙焼することによって電解液及び外装缶を分解除去し、電池内容物を得た。
次に、電池内容物を粉砕機(商品名:グッドカッター:(株)氏家製作所製)により粉砕した。
次に、得られた粉砕物を、ロータリーキルンにおいて、大気中、900℃の加熱温度で180分間の酸化焙焼を行った。
次に、得られた酸化焙焼物に、還元剤として黒鉛粉を有価金属(Cu、Ni、Co)の合計モル数の0.6倍のモル数だけ添加し、さらにフラックスとして酸化カルシウム(CaO)を、生成するスラグ中のLi/Al比(モル比)、及び、Ca/Al比(モル比)が下記表1中の値となるように混合し、アルミナ製坩堝に装入した。各試料について、抵抗加熱により還元溶融温度(表1)に加熱して60分間の還元熔融処理を行って合金化し、熔融合金とスラグとを得た。
得られた還元物からスラグを分離して、熔融合金を回収し、回収合金とした。
還元物から分離したスラグの成分分析を次のようにして行った。すなわち、得られたスラグを冷却後に粉砕し、蛍光X線により分析を行った。
有価金属(Co)回収率を、次のようにして求めた。すなわち、
(回収合金中のCo重量)÷(回収合金中のCo重量+スラグ中のCo重量)×100
として求めた。なお、回収合金中の成分分析は蛍光X線にて行った。
下記表1に、得られるスラグのLi/Al及びCa/Alのモル比を変え、熔融温度1450℃及び1550℃にて熔融した際のコバルト回収率の結果を示す。
Claims (8)
- 有価金属を回収する方法であって、以下の工程:
少なくともリチウム(Li)及び有価金属を含む装入物を準備する準備工程と、
前記装入物に酸化処理及び還元熔融処理を施して、有価金属を含有する熔融合金とスラグとを含む還元物を得る酸化還元熔融工程と、
前記還元物からスラグを分離して熔融合金を回収するスラグ分離工程と、を含み、
前記スラグ中のアルミニウム(Al)に対するリチウム(Li)のモル比(Li/Al比)を0.15以上0.40未満とし、
前記スラグ中のアルミニウム(Al)に対するカルシウム(Ca)のモル比(Ca/Al)を0.15以上とする、
方法。 - 前記準備工程及び酸化還元熔融工程のいずれか一方又は両方の工程で、装入物及び/又は処理物にカルシウム(Ca)を含有するフラックスを加える、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記酸化処理の際に、前記装入物を酸化焙焼して酸化焙焼物とし、
前記還元熔融処理の際に、前記酸化焙焼物を還元熔融して還元物とする、
請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 - 前記還元熔融処理の際に、還元剤を導入する、
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記還元熔融処理の加熱温度が1300℃以上1575℃以下である、
請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記還元熔融処理の加熱温度が1350℃以上1450℃以下である、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記装入物が廃リチウムイオン電池を含む、
請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記スラグに含まれる酸化マンガン(MnO)が15質量%以下である、
請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の方法。
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KR1020237024800A KR20230121900A (ko) | 2021-01-27 | 2021-12-14 | 유가 금속을 회수하는 방법 |
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EP1589121A1 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-10-26 | Umicore | Battery recycling |
JP2013506048A (ja) * | 2009-09-25 | 2013-02-21 | ユミコア | リチウムイオンバッテリーに含まれる金属を資源化する方法 |
JP5853585B2 (ja) | 2011-10-25 | 2016-02-09 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 有価金属回収方法 |
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JP5781206B2 (ja) | 2013-10-11 | 2015-09-16 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成システム及びシート給送ユニット |
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EP1589121A1 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-10-26 | Umicore | Battery recycling |
JP2013506048A (ja) * | 2009-09-25 | 2013-02-21 | ユミコア | リチウムイオンバッテリーに含まれる金属を資源化する方法 |
JP5853585B2 (ja) | 2011-10-25 | 2016-02-09 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 有価金属回収方法 |
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