WO2022156090A1 - 一种动力电池顶盖结构及动力电池 - Google Patents

一种动力电池顶盖结构及动力电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022156090A1
WO2022156090A1 PCT/CN2021/092345 CN2021092345W WO2022156090A1 WO 2022156090 A1 WO2022156090 A1 WO 2022156090A1 CN 2021092345 W CN2021092345 W CN 2021092345W WO 2022156090 A1 WO2022156090 A1 WO 2022156090A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole
top cover
plastic part
power battery
upper plastic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/092345
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李勇军
邹武元
姜斌
魏建良
李恺
林法稳
Original Assignee
江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 filed Critical 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司
Publication of WO2022156090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156090A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and in particular relates to a power battery top cover structure and a power battery.
  • lithium batteries used in power tools and electric vehicles are generally called power batteries.
  • the structure of the friction welding pole of the power battery has been widely used in the setting of the top cover of the power battery.
  • the negative pole is composed of two kinds of substrates, copper and aluminum, which are generally formed by friction welding or composite plates.
  • the processing is complicated and the cost is high.
  • the contact surfaces of the two substrates still have the risk of failure in different environments. , which seriously affects the product's overcurrent capability or air leakage, resulting in the product being scrapped.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a power battery top cover structure in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, which saves the process of pole friction welding, helps to reduce the production cost of the battery, and can also improve the safety performance of the battery cell. .
  • a top cover structure of a power battery comprising a top cover sheet with a pole through hole; a pole assembly including an integrated pole, an upper plastic part and a sealing ring, the pole passing through the upper plastic part and the The sealing ring is inserted through the through hole of the pole, the upper plastic part is sleeved between the side of the pole and the top cover sheet, and the sealing ring is sleeved at the bottom of the pole and the top cover. between the top cover sheets; the outer wall of the pole is in concave-convex fit with the inner wall of the upper plastic part for clamping the upper plastic part to the pole, and the bottom outer edge of the pole passes through the The sealing ring is in contact with the bottom surface of the top cover sheet.
  • the pole includes a cover body and an outer edge arranged at the bottom of the cover body, the cover body is a hollow structure or a solid structure, and the cover body is a hollow structure or a solid structure.
  • the outer edge is arranged around the edge of the bottom of the cover body, the outer wall of the cover body is provided with a number of recesses, the recesses are arranged around the outer wall of the cover, and the upper plastic part is provided with a number of recesses that cooperate with the recesses the convex part.
  • the concave portion includes a first concave portion and/or a second concave portion, and the first concave portion and/or the second concave portion are arranged around the outer wall of the cover body,
  • the shape of the first concave portion is different from the shape of the second concave portion, and the inner wall of the cover body is provided with a convex hull matched with the concave portion.
  • At least one reinforcing rib is provided at the connection between the bottom of the cover body and the outer edge, and the edge of the outer edge is provided with an upward rib.
  • a protrusion is provided around the outer edge.
  • the power battery top cover structure further includes a lower plastic part, the lower plastic part is sleeved on the bottom of the pole, and the top cover The sheet, the upper plastic part, the pole post and the lower plastic part enclose a space for accommodating the sealing ring.
  • the top cover sheet is also provided with at least one of an explosion-proof valve hole and a liquid injection hole
  • the lower plastic part is provided with an explosion-proof valve ventilation hole and the liquid injection through hole
  • the explosion-proof valve ventilation hole is correspondingly arranged below the explosion-proof valve hole
  • the liquid injection through hole is correspondingly arranged below the liquid injection hole
  • the top cover sheet and the lower plastic An explosion-proof valve is installed between the parts, and a protective film is installed on the top of the explosion-proof valve hole.
  • the top of the pole through hole is provided with a first groove, and the bottom of the upper plastic part is embedded in the first groove, so
  • the bottom of the pole through hole is provided with a second groove, the top surface of the lower plastic part is provided with a convex edge embedded in the second groove, and at least one of the upper plastic part and the sealing ring is provided
  • the pole is divided into a first pole and a second pole, and the upper plastic part sleeved on the first pole is a conductive plastic Or insulating plastic, the upper plastic part sleeved on the second pole is insulating plastic, and the material of the pole is the same as the current collecting material of the pole piece of the cell to which it is electrically connected.
  • the second pole is a copper pole, and the surface of the second pole is subjected to anti-corrosion treatment of nickel plating or zinc, and the nickel Or the thickness of the zinc material is 0.001mm-0.1mm.
  • the pole, the upper plastic part and the sealing ring are all square, circular or oval, and the recess is circular, Oval or bar.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a power battery, including the above-mentioned power battery top cover structure.
  • the present invention includes a top cover sheet, which is provided with a pole through hole; a pole pole assembly includes an integrated pole pole, an upper plastic part and a sealing ring, and the pole pole is penetrated through the pole pole through hole.
  • the upper plastic part is sleeved between the side of the pole and the top cover, and the sealing ring is sleeved between the bottom of the pole and the top cover; the pole
  • the outer wall of the column and the inner wall of the upper plastic part are in concave-convex cooperation for clamping the upper plastic part to the pole, and the outer edge of the bottom of the pole abuts against the top cover through the sealing ring the underside of the sheet.
  • the negative pole is composed of two kinds of substrates, copper and aluminum, and the processing is complicated and costly by friction welding or composite plate, and the contact surfaces of the two substrates still have the risk of failure in different environments, which is a serious problem. Affect the product's overcurrent capability or air leakage, resulting in the product being scrapped. Therefore, die stamping is used to form two poles in one piece, without friction welding or composite plates, which saves the process of pole friction welding and helps reduce battery life.
  • the upper plastic part is set between the side of the pole and the top cover by means of overmolding.
  • the upper plastic part is fastened to the pole, and at the same time, the outer wall of the pole and the inner wall of the upper plastic part are concave and convex, so that the upper plastic part can be clamped to the pole, which helps to increase the bonding between the upper plastic part and the side of the pole. force, avoid displacement or shaking of the pole, and also ensure the sealing performance of the top cover structure of the battery.
  • the sealing ring is sleeved between the bottom of the pole and the top cover, so that the outer edge of the bottom of the pole is abutted by the sealing ring
  • On the bottom surface of the top cover piece it is equivalent to clamping the bottom of the pole column on the bottom surface of the top cover piece, which helps to improve the stability between the pole column and the top cover piece.
  • the space for accommodating the cell tabs is formed in the column, which can prevent the welded cell tabs from occupying the space inside the battery, which helps to improve the space utilization rate inside the battery, thereby improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the invention saves the process of pole friction welding, helps to reduce the production cost of the battery, and can also improve the safety performance of the battery core.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pole after installation according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded schematic view of the first pole after installation according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second pole after installation according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic view of the second pole after installation according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the pole in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the pole in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pole in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the pole in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the pole according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pole according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixation” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between the two components.
  • installation e.g., it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between the two components.
  • a top cover structure of a power battery includes a top cover sheet 1 provided with a pole through hole 10; a pole assembly, including an integrated pole 2, an upper plastic part 3 and a sealing ring 4, the pole 2 is penetrated through the pole The through hole 10, the upper plastic part 3 is sleeved between the side of the pole 2 and the top cover sheet 1, the sealing ring 4 is sleeved between the bottom of the pole 2 and the top cover sheet 1; The inner wall of the upper plastic part 3 is in a concave-convex fit for clamping the upper plastic part 3 to the pole 2 .
  • the negative pole is composed of two kinds of substrates, copper and aluminum, and the processing is complicated and costly by friction welding or composite plate, and the contact surfaces of the two substrates still have the risk of failure in different environments, which is a serious problem. Affect the product's over-current capability or air leakage, resulting in the product being scrapped. Therefore, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, two poles 2 are formed by die stamping, without friction welding or composite plates, eliminating the need for pole friction. The welding process helps to reduce the production cost of the battery. In order to pass the pole 2 through the pole through hole 10, the pole 2 is installed on the top cover sheet 1, and the upper plastic part 3 is overmolded.
  • the upper plastic part 3 is fastened to the pole 2, and at the same time, the outer wall of the pole 2 and the inner wall of the upper plastic part 3 are concave and convex, so that the upper plastic part 3 can be
  • the part 3 is clamped to the pole 2, which helps to increase the adhesive force between the upper plastic part 3 and the side of the pole 2, avoids the displacement or shaking of the pole 2, and also ensures the sealing performance of the battery top cover structure.
  • the ring 4 is set between the bottom of the pole 2 and the top cover sheet 1, so that the bottom outer edge 22 of the pole 2 abuts on the bottom surface of the top cover sheet 1 through the sealing ring 4, which is equivalent to clamping the bottom of the pole 2.
  • the space of the battery can be prevented from encroaching on the space inside the battery by the electrode tabs of the battery after welding, which helps to improve the space utilization rate inside the battery, thereby improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the sealing ring 4 is made of fluoroplastic injection molding or fluororubber die-cutting to make an assembly, which has good electrical insulation performance, high heat resistance, oil resistance, solvent resistance, abrasion resistance, and moisture resistance. high temperature resistance and low temperature resistance, which help to prolong the service life of the sealing ring 4, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery cell, which is not only convenient for disassembly and installation, but also reduces the cost of manufacturing the battery, but the present invention is not limited to this, the plastic part 3
  • the sealing ring 4 and the sealing ring 4 can also be formed by integral overmolding, which saves the process of installing the sealing ring 4 separately, which helps to improve the production efficiency of the battery.
  • poles 2 in the power battery for outputting electric energy to the outside, one is a positive pole and the other is a negative pole.
  • the battery in this embodiment has two poles 2 , which are a first pole 201 and a second pole 202 , which are both disposed on the top cover sheet 1 , and the first pole 201 may be a positive pole or a negative pole. , correspondingly, the second pole 202 is a negative pole or a positive pole.
  • the pole 2 includes a cover body 21 and an outer edge 22 arranged at the bottom of the cover body 21 , and the outer edge 22 is arranged around the edge of the bottom of the cover body 21 ,
  • the outer wall of the cover body 21 is provided with a plurality of concave portions, the concave portions are arranged around the outer wall of the cover body 21 , and the upper plastic part 3 is provided with a plurality of convex portions 31 that cooperate with the concave portions.
  • the opening of the cover body 21 faces downward, a space for accommodating the tabs of the battery cells is formed in the cover body 21, and the top of the cover body 21 is exposed through the upper plastic part 3, which is convenient for charging or discharging, and saves the need for
  • the top of the cover body 21 of the second pole 202 is welded with an aluminum plate, that is, the formation of the second pole 202 by friction welding is omitted.
  • the convex part 31 of the upper plastic part 3 is embedded in the concave part of the outer wall of the cover body 21, so that the convex part 31 of the upper plastic part 3 is clamped to the concave part of the outer wall of the pole 2, and the pole 2 is fastened to ensure the sealing performance and the leakage
  • the outer wall of the cover body 21 can also be provided with several convex parts 31.
  • the upper plastic part 3 is provided with concave parts, or the outer wall of the cover body 21 can also be provided with concave parts and convex parts.
  • the upper plastic part 3 is provided with a convex part 31 and a concave part, so that the outer wall of the cover body 21 and the inner wall of the upper plastic part 3 can be unevenly matched.
  • the concave portion includes a first concave portion 211 , and the first concave portion 211 is arranged around the outer wall of the cover body 21 .
  • the first recesses 211 are circular blind holes, which can be evenly distributed on the four sides of the square cover 21 .
  • the number and spacing of the first concave parts 211 are adjusted according to the requirements, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the number of the concave parts 211 can be the same or different, as long as the convex part 31 of the upper plastic part 3 is clamped to the concave part of the outer wall of the pole 2 to improve the stability of the upper plastic part 3 and the pole 2 .
  • the top cover structure of the power battery further includes a lower plastic part 6 , the lower plastic part 6 is sleeved on the bottom of the pole 2 , the top cover 1 , the upper plastic part The part 3 , the pole 2 and the lower plastic part 6 enclose a space for accommodating the sealing ring 4 .
  • the lower plastic part 6 can avoid safety risks such as short circuit caused by direct contact with the top cover metal such as the winding core or the tab, so that there is a certain safety distance between the battery core and the pole 2.
  • the top cover sheet 1 and the upper plastic part 3 , The pole 2 and the lower plastic part 6 enclose a space for accommodating the sealing ring 4, and the space of the sealing ring 4 is compressed by the upper plastic part 3, the top cover sheet 1 and the bottom plate 22, which helps to reduce the space of the sealing ring 4.
  • the rebound force reduces the impact of the rebound force on the axial assembly parts, and also reduces the probability of deformation of the sealing ring 4, the contact end of the top cover sheet 1 and the pole 2, thereby ensuring the sealing performance of the sealing ring 4.
  • the top cover sheet 1 is also provided with at least one of an explosion-proof valve hole 11 and a liquid injection hole 12
  • the lower plastic part 6 is provided with an explosion-proof valve for ventilation
  • the hole 61 and the liquid injection through hole 62, the explosion-proof valve ventilation hole 61 is correspondingly arranged below the explosion-proof valve hole 11, the liquid injection through hole 62 is correspondingly arranged below the liquid injection hole 12, between the top cover sheet 1 and the lower plastic part 6
  • An explosion-proof valve 7 is installed, and a protective film 8 is installed at the top of the explosion-proof valve hole 11 .
  • the liquid injection hole 12 is added to facilitate the injection of electrolyte into the battery.
  • the explosion-proof valve 7 can make the battery automatically and quickly release the pressure when the battery internal pressure rises due to overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent and internal short circuit, so as to avoid the battery The explosion leads to the occurrence of safety accidents.
  • the explosion-proof valve hole 11 cooperates with the protective film 8 to ensure that the function of the explosion-proof valve 14 can be realized.
  • the protective film 8 can prevent external dust, water or other impurities from entering the explosion-proof valve 7.
  • the liquid through hole 62 ensures that the function of the liquid injection hole 12 can be realized.
  • the top of the pole through hole 10 is provided with a first groove 101 , and the bottom of the upper plastic part 3 is embedded in the first groove 101 .
  • the bottom of the pole through hole 10 is provided with a second groove 102 , and the top surface of the lower plastic part 6 is provided with a protruding edge 63 embedded in the second groove 102 .
  • the addition of the first groove 101 can partially embed the upper plastic part 3 on the top cover sheet 1 to prevent the horizontal displacement of the upper plastic part 3 and help to improve the stability between the top cover sheet 1 and the upper plastic part 3 It also helps to reduce the overall thickness of the top cover structure, increases the second groove 102, prevents the lower plastic 5 from moving horizontally, can improve the stability between the top cover sheet 1 and the lower plastic 5, and also makes the lower plastic parts 6 is embedded at the bottom of the top cover sheet 1, which helps to reduce the space that the top cover structure occupies inside the battery, and is beneficial to improve the energy density of the battery.
  • first groove 101 and the second groove 102 ensures the stability between the top cover and each component, saves the riveting process, helps to reduce production costs and improve production efficiency; convex edge 63 It can be embedded in the second groove 102 to limit the position of the sealing ring 4 . At the same time, the convex edge 63 cooperates with the outer edge 22 to abut against the bottom surface of the top cover sheet 1 to fix the top of the lower plastic part 6 . This helps to reduce the probability of displacement or shaking of the lower plastic part 6 .
  • the upper plastic part 3 and the sealing ring 4 is provided with an extension part 9 , and the extension part 9 surrounds the inner wall of the pole through hole 10 .
  • the upper plastic part 3 extends downward to form an extension part 9 , which can isolate the inner wall of the pole through hole 10 and the function of the pole 2 , so as to avoid isolating the remaining metal wires in the pole through hole 10 .
  • the sealing ring 4 can also be provided with an upwardly protruding extension portion 9, which cooperates with the extension portion 9 of the upper plastic part 3 and can also surround the inner wall of the pole through hole 10.
  • the extension portion 9 Other shapes are also possible, as long as the inner wall of the pole through hole 10 is prevented from directly contacting the pole 2 .
  • the pole 2 is divided into a first pole 201 and a second pole 202 , and the upper plastic part 3 sleeved on the first pole 201 is conductive Plastic or insulating plastic, the upper plastic part 3 sleeved on the second pole 202 is insulating plastic, and the material of the pole 2 is the same as that of the current collecting material of the pole piece of the cell to which it is electrically connected.
  • the first pole 201 is used as a positive pole
  • the second pole 202 is used as a negative pole
  • the upper plastic part 3 sleeved on the first pole 201 is a conductive plastic, so that the first pole 201 and the battery case are electrically conductive.
  • the plastic parts 3 can also be all insulating plastics, which eliminates the need to make the upper plastic parts 3 on the positive pole with additional conductive materials, which helps to improve the production efficiency of the upper plastic parts 3 and also facilitates mass production of the upper plastic parts 3.
  • the first pole 201 is used as a positive electrode, the cover body 21 and the outer edge 22 can be made of metal aluminum, and the integrated structure can ensure that the quality of the battery is not affected, and the first pole 201 can be reduced.
  • the second pole 202 is used as a negative electrode, and the cover body 21 and the outer edge 22 can be both metal copper, and the current collector material of the pole piece of the electric core connected to it is the same, that is, the metal material corresponding to the negative electrode piece is the same, Not only does it not need to go through friction welding or composite plate, the process of pole friction welding is omitted, which helps to reduce the production cost of the battery, but also ensures that the quality of the battery is not affected, and reduces the production cost of the second pole 202 .
  • the second pole 202 is a copper pole, and the anti-oxidation treatment or nickel plating process is adopted to improve the quality of the pole, which helps to prolong the service life of the second pole 202, thereby improving the quality of the battery.
  • the pole 2 , the upper plastic part 3 and the sealing ring 4 are all square, and the concave part is circular.
  • the pole 2, the upper plastic part 3 and the sealing ring 4 are all square, and the concave part is circular, that is, the cover body 21 and the outer edge 22 are all square, but the present invention is not limited to this, the cover The body 21 is square, the outer edge 22 can be circular, and vice versa, the shapes of the upper plastic part 3 and the sealing ring 4 can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the working principle of the present invention is:
  • Die stamping is used to form two poles 2 in one piece, without friction welding or composite plates, which saves the process of pole friction welding and helps reduce the production cost of the battery.
  • the hole 10 is used to install the pole 2 on the top cover sheet 1, and the upper plastic part 3 is sleeved between the side of the pole 2 and the top cover sheet 1 by means of overmolding, so that the upper plastic part 3 is fastened.
  • the outer wall of the pole 2 and the inner wall of the upper plastic part 3 are concave and convex, so that the upper plastic part 3 can be clamped to the pole 2, which helps to increase the adhesion between the upper plastic part 3 and the side of the pole 2.
  • the outer edge 22 is in contact with the bottom surface of the top cover sheet 1 through the sealing ring 4, which is equivalent to clamping the bottom of the pole 2 on the bottom surface of the top cover sheet 1, which helps to improve the stability between the pole post 2 and the top cover sheet 1.
  • the pole 2 is a hollow structure and protrudes upward, and a space for accommodating the battery tabs is formed in the pole 2, which can prevent the welded battery tabs from encroaching on the space inside the battery and help improve the internal battery. space utilization, thereby improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the concave portion of this embodiment includes a second concave portion 212 , the second concave portion 212 is arranged around the outer wall of the cover body 21 , and at least one reinforcing rib is arranged at the connection between the bottom of the cover body 21 and the outer edge 22 . 5.
  • the edge of the outer edge 22 is provided with an upward protrusion 221, the protrusion 221 is arranged around the outer edge 22, the pole 2, the upper plastic part 3 and the sealing ring 4 are all circular, and the concave part is strip-shaped. Specifically, as shown in FIGS.
  • the second concave portion 212 is strip-shaped, which can be designed to be perpendicular to the top surface of the cover body 21 or parallel to the top surface of the cover body 21 , and the second concave portion 212 can be continuous. It can also be a plurality of strip-shaped segments arranged at intervals; the protrusion 221 can fix the position of the outer edge 22, thereby fixing the position of the bottom of the pole 2, that is, the bottom of the pole 2 abuts the lower plastic part 6 The bottom surface of the pole 2 can be clamped on the bottom surface of the lower plastic part 6, which helps to improve the stability between the top cover sheet 1 and the pole 2.
  • the pole 2 and the upper plastic part 3 and the sealing ring 4 are all circular, that is, the cover body 21 and the outer edge 22 are both circular, but the present invention is not limited to this, the cover body 21 is square, the outer edge 22 can be circular, and vice versa,
  • the shapes of the upper plastic part 3 and the sealing ring 4 can be adjusted accordingly; the addition of the reinforcing ribs 5 not only prevents the pole 2 from being deformed, but also improves the mechanical strength of the connection between the bottom of the cover 21 and the outer edge 22 , It is helpful to prolong the service life of the pole 2 .
  • the concave portion in this embodiment includes a first concave portion 211 and a second concave portion 212, the first concave portion 211 and the second concave portion 212 are arranged around the outer wall of the cover body 21, and the shape of the first concave portion 211 and the second concave portion 212 are different.
  • the shapes of the recesses 212 are different, the pole 2, the upper plastic part 3 and the sealing ring 4 are all square or oval, and the recesses are circular or strip.
  • the first recesses 211 are circular blind holes, which can be evenly distributed on the four sides of the square cover 21 .
  • the number of the first recesses 211 on each side is The number and spacing of the first concave parts 211 can be adjusted according to the actual sealing performance requirements.
  • a strip-shaped second concave part 212 is arranged between the adjacent first concave parts 211, which can increase the number of plastic and polar parts.
  • the adhesive force of the cylindrical surface reduces the probability of rotation or displacement of the upper plastic part.
  • the depth of the second concave portion 212 may be less than or equal to the depth of the first concave portion 211, but the present invention is not limited.
  • adjust the shape and size of the first concave portion 211 and the second concave portion 212 may be different, or they may adopt the same shape and different size structures; the first concave portion 211 and The second concave parts 212 can also be only provided on two opposite sides of the cover body 21 , and the number of the first concave parts 211 or the second concave parts 212 on the adjacent sides can be the same or different, so as to satisfy the convexity of the upper plastic part 3 .
  • the part 31 is clamped to the concave part of the outer wall of the pole 2 to improve the stability of the upper plastic part 3 and the pole 2 .
  • At least one reinforcing rib 5 is provided at the connection between the bottom of the cover body 21 and the outer edge 22 of the cover body 21 in this embodiment, and the inner wall of the cover body 21 is provided with The convex hull 213 to which the concave part fits.
  • the addition of the reinforcing ribs 5 can improve the mechanical strength of the connection between the bottom of the cover body 21 and the outer edge 22, and help to prolong the service life of the pole 2, which can be evenly distributed on the four sides of the square cover body 21,
  • the number of the reinforcing ribs 5 on each side is 3, and the number and spacing of the reinforcing ribs 5 can be adjusted according to the actual requirements of the mechanical strength of the battery top cover;
  • the inner wall of the cover body 21 is provided with a convex hull 213 that cooperates with the concave part , the convex shell 213 is formed when the concave part is punched, which can increase the depth of the concave part, so that the concave part can accommodate the convex part 31 of the upper plastic part 3 with a larger size, and also make the convex part 31 of the upper plastic part 3 clip to the outer wall of the pole 2 the concave part, and fasten the pole to ensure the sealing performance, the overcurrent capacity and the pulling force.
  • the cover body 21 is a solid structure
  • the second pole 202 is a copper pole
  • the surface of the second pole 202 is protected by nickel or zinc plating.
  • the thickness of nickel or zinc material is 0.001mm-0.1mm.
  • the cover body 21 with a solid structure can also be used; by plating the second pole 202 with nickel, it can not only prevent corrosion, but also increase the laser welding strength, and limit the thickness of the nickel-plated or zinc-plated material, Prevents a situation where the thickness of the nickel or zinc material is too large and the production cost increases.
  • a power battery includes the power battery top cover structure of the first embodiment.
  • the power battery includes a cell
  • the cell includes a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet, which can be stacked and wound in sequence
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector
  • the negative electrode The sheet includes a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the first tab is connected to the positive electrode current collector
  • the second tab is connected to the negative electrode current collector
  • the edge of the positive electrode current collector may have a blank area not covered by the positive active material, and the first tab can be directly formed by cutting the blank area .
  • the second tab can be directly cut through the blank area of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the first tab and the second tab can also be fixed to the blank area of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet respectively by welding.
  • the first tab is connected to the first pole 201 and the second tab is connected to the second pole 202 by means of laser welding.
  • a power battery includes the power battery top cover structure of the second embodiment.
  • a power battery includes the power battery top cover structure of the third embodiment.
  • a power battery includes the power battery top cover structure of the fourth embodiment.
  • a power battery includes the power battery top cover structure of the fifth embodiment.

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Abstract

一种动力电池顶盖结构及动力电池，属于电池的技术领域，具体涉及一种动力电池顶盖结构，包括顶盖片（1），设置有极柱通孔（10）；极柱组件，包括一体式极柱（2）、上塑胶件（3）及密封圈（4），所述极柱（2）通过所述上塑胶件（3）和所述密封圈（4）穿设于所述极柱通孔（10）；所述极柱（2）的外壁与所述上塑胶件（3）的内壁凹凸配合，用于将所述上塑胶件（3）卡接于所述极柱（2），所述极柱（2）的底部外沿（22）通过所述密封圈（4）抵接于所述顶盖片（1）的底面。省去了极柱摩擦焊的工序，有助于降低电池生产成本，还能提高电芯的安全性能。

Description

一种动力电池顶盖结构及动力电池
本申请要求于2021年01月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110072938.4、发明名称为“一种动力电池顶盖结构及动力电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于电池的技术领域，具体涉及一种动力电池顶盖结构及动力电池。
背景技术
随着现代社会的发展和人们环保意识的增强，越来越多的设备选择以锂电池作为电源，如手机、笔记本电脑、电动工具和电动汽车等等，这为锂电池的应用与发展提供了广阔的空间。其中，电动工具和电动汽车等所使用的锂电池一般称之为动力电池。动力电池摩擦焊极柱的结构，一直被广泛使用于动力电池顶盖设置中。
但现有的电池结构中，负极柱由铜铝两种基材组成，一般通过摩擦焊或复合板形成，加工复杂成本高，而且这两种基材接触面在不同环境下，还存在失效风险，严重影响产品过流能力或漏气，导致产品报废。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于：针对现有技术的不足，提供一种动力电池顶盖结构，省去了极柱摩擦焊的工序，有助于降低电池生产成本，还能提高电芯的安全性能。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种动力电池顶盖结构，包括顶盖片，设置有极柱通孔；极柱组件，包括一体式极柱、上塑胶件及密封圈，所述极柱通过所述上塑胶件和所述密封圈穿设于所述极柱通孔，所述上塑胶件套设在所述极柱的侧部和所述顶盖片之间，所述密封圈套设在所述极柱的底部和所述顶盖片之间；所述极柱的外壁与所述上塑胶件的内壁凹凸配合，用于将所述上塑胶件卡接于 所述极柱，所述极柱的底部外沿通过所述密封圈抵接于所述顶盖片的底面。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述极柱包括盖体及设置在所述盖体底部的外沿，所述盖体为空心结构或实心结构，所述外沿围绕所述盖体的底部的边缘设置，所述盖体的外壁设置有若干个凹部，所述凹部围绕所述盖体外壁设置，所述上塑胶件设置有若干个与所述凹部配合的凸部。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述凹部包括第一凹部和/或第二凹部，第一凹部和/或第二凹部围绕所述盖体的外壁设置，所述第一凹部的形状和所述第二凹部的形状不相同，所述盖体的内壁设置有与所述凹部配合的凸包。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述盖体的底部和所述外沿之间的连接处设置至少一个加强肋，所述外沿的边缘设置有向上的凸起，所述凸起围绕所述外沿设置。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述动力电池顶盖结构还包括下塑胶件，所述下塑胶件套设在所述极柱的底部，所述顶盖片、所述上塑胶件、所述极柱及所述下塑胶件围成用于容置所述密封圈的空间。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述顶盖片上还设置有防爆阀孔和注液孔中的至少一种，所述下塑胶件设置有防爆阀透气孔和注液通孔，所述防爆阀透气孔对应设置在所述防爆阀孔的下方，所述注液通孔对应设置在所述注液孔的下方，所述顶盖片和所述下塑胶件之间安装有防爆阀，所述防爆阀孔顶部安装有保护膜。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述极柱通孔的顶部设置有第一凹槽，所述上塑胶件的底部嵌于所述第一凹槽，所述极柱通孔的底部设置有第二凹槽，所述下塑胶件的顶面设置有嵌于所述第二凹槽的凸沿，所述上塑胶件和所述密封圈至少一者设置有延伸部，所述延伸部包围所述极柱通孔的内壁。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述极柱分为第一极柱和第二极柱，套设于所述第一极柱的上塑胶件为导电塑胶或绝缘 塑胶，套设于所述第二极柱的上塑胶件为绝缘塑胶，所述极柱的材质与其电连接的电芯的极片的集流材料相同。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述第二极柱为铜极柱，所述第二极柱的表面经过镀镍或锌的防腐蚀处理，所述镍或锌材料的厚度为0.001mm-0.1mm。
作为本发明所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构的一种改进，所述极柱、所述上塑胶件及所述密封圈均为方形、圆形或椭圆形，所述凹部为圆形、椭圆形或条形。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种动力电池，包括上述的动力电池顶盖结构。
本发明的有益效果在于，本发明包括顶盖片，设置有极柱通孔；极柱组件，包括一体式极柱、上塑胶件及密封圈，所述极柱穿设于所述极柱通孔，所述上塑胶件套设在所述极柱的侧部和所述顶盖片之间，所述密封圈套设在所述极柱的底部和所述顶盖片之间；所述极柱的外壁与所述上塑胶件的内壁凹凸配合，用于将所述上塑胶件卡接于所述极柱，所述极柱的底部外沿通过所述密封圈抵接于所述顶盖片的底面。由于现有的电池结构中，负极柱由铜铝两种基材组成，通过摩擦焊或复合板，加工复杂成本高，而且这两种基材接触面在不同环境下，还存在失效风险，严重影响产品过流能力或漏气，导致产品报废，因此，采用模具冲压一体分别形成两个极柱，无需经过摩擦焊或复合板，省去了极柱摩擦焊的工序，有助于降低电池的生产成本，为了将极柱穿设于极柱通孔，实现将极柱安装于顶盖片，上塑胶件经过包胶注塑的方式，套设在极柱的侧部和顶盖片之间，使得上塑胶件紧固于极柱，同时，极柱的外壁与上塑胶件的内壁凹凸配合，能够将上塑胶件卡接于极柱，有助于增加上塑胶件和极柱侧面的粘接力，避免极柱发生位移或晃动，还保证电池顶盖结构的密封性能，此外，将密封圈套设在极柱的底部和顶盖片之间，使得极柱的底部外沿通过密封圈抵接于顶盖片的底面，相当于将极柱的底部卡在顶盖片的底面，有助于提高极柱和顶盖片之间的稳固性，其中，极柱为中空结构，向上突起，极柱内形成用于容纳电芯极耳的空间，能够避免焊接后的电芯极耳侵占电池内部的空间， 有助于提高电池内部的空间利用率，从而提高电池的能量密度。本发明省去了极柱摩擦焊的工序，有助于降低电池生产成本，还能提高电芯的安全性能。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本发明示例性实施方式的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为本发明中实施方式一的结构示意图。
图2为本发明中实施方式一的分解示意图。
图3为本发明中实施方式一的第一极柱安装后的剖面示意图。
图4为本发明中实施方式一的第一极柱安装后的分解示意图。
图5为本发明中实施方式一的第二极柱安装后的剖面示意图。
图6为本发明中实施方式一的第二极柱安装后的分解示意图。
图7为本发明中实施方式二的极柱的结构示意图。
图8为本发明中实施方式二的极柱的底部结构示意图。
图9为本发明中实施方式三的极柱的结构示意图。
图10为本发明中实施方式三的极柱的底部结构示意图。
图11为本发明中实施方式三的极柱的剖面示意图。
图12为本发明中实施方式四的极柱的结构示意图。
图13为本发明中实施方式四的极柱的底部结构示意图。
图14为本发明中实施方式五的极柱的结构示意图。
图15为本发明中实施方式五的极柱的底部结构示意图。
图16为本发明中实施方式五的极柱的剖面示意图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1-顶盖片；10-极柱通孔；11-防爆阀孔；12-注液孔；101-第一凹槽；102-第二凹槽；
2-极柱；21-盖体；22-外沿；211-第一凹部；212-第二凹部；213-凸包； 221-凸起；201-第一极柱；202-第二极柱；
3-上塑胶件；31-凸部；
4-密封圈；
5-加强肋；
6-下塑胶件；61-防爆阀透气孔；62-注液通孔；63-凸沿；
7-防爆阀；
8-保护膜；
9-延伸部。
具体实施方式
如在说明书及权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件。本领域技术人员应可理解，硬件制造商可能会用不同名词来称呼同一个组件。本说明书及权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件的方式，而是以组件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。如在通篇说明书及权利要求当中所提及的“包含”为一开放式用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。“大致”是指在可接受的误差范围内，本领域技术人员能够在一定误差范围内解决技术问题，基本达到技术效果。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
以下结合附图1～16对本发明作进一步详细说明，但不作为对本发明的限定。
实施方式一
一种动力电池顶盖结构，包括顶盖片1，设置有极柱通孔10；极柱组件，包括一体式极柱2、上塑胶件3及密封圈4，极柱2穿设于极柱通孔10，上塑胶件3套设在极柱2的侧部和顶盖片1之间，密封圈4套设在极柱2的底部和顶盖片1之间；极柱2的外壁与上塑胶件3的内壁凹凸配合，用于将上塑胶件3卡接于极柱2，极柱2的底部外沿22通过密封圈4抵接于顶盖片1的底面。
由于现有的电池结构中，负极柱由铜铝两种基材组成，通过摩擦焊或复合板，加工复杂成本高，而且这两种基材接触面在不同环境下，还存在失效风险，严重影响产品过流能力或漏气，导致产品报废，因此，参见图1至图6所示，采用模具冲压一体分别形成两个极柱2，无需经过摩擦焊或复合板，省去了极柱摩擦焊的工序，有助于降低电池的生产成本，为了将极柱2穿设于极柱通孔10，实现将极柱2安装于顶盖片1，上塑胶件3经过包胶注塑的方式，套设在极柱2的侧部和顶盖片1之间，使得上塑胶件3紧固于极柱2，同时，极柱2的外壁与上塑胶件3的内壁凹凸配合，能够将上塑胶件3卡接于极柱2，有助于增加上塑胶件3和极柱2侧面的粘接力，避免极柱2发生位移或晃动，还保证电池顶盖结构的密封性能，此外，将密封圈4套设在极柱2的底部和顶盖片1之间，使得极柱2的底部外沿22通过密封圈4抵接于顶盖片1的底面，相当于将极柱2的底部卡在顶盖片1的底面，有助于提高极柱2和顶盖片1之间的稳固性，其中，极柱2为中空结构，向上突起，极柱2内形成用于容纳电芯极耳的空间，能够避免焊接后的电芯极耳侵占电池内部的空间，有助于提高电池内部的空间利用率，从而提高电池的能量密度。
于本实施方式中，密封圈4由氟塑胶注塑成型或氟橡胶模切成型，制成装配件，具有良好电绝缘性能、高度的耐热性、耐油性、耐溶剂、耐磨性、耐湿性和耐低温性，有助于延长密封圈4的使用寿命，从而提高电芯安全性能，不仅便于拆卸和安装，还能够降低制造电池成本，但本发明不以此为限，上塑胶件3和密封圈4也可以通过一体包胶注塑形成，省去了单独安装密封圈4的工序，有助于提高电池的生产效率。
动力电池中用于向外部输出电能的极柱2有两个，一个为正极极柱、 一个为负极极柱。本实施方式中的电池有两个极柱2，分别为第一极柱201、第二极柱202，均设置在顶盖片1上，第一极柱201可以为正极柱也可以为负极柱，相应地，第二极柱202为负极柱或正极柱。
在根据本发明的动力电池顶盖结构中，参见图2所示，极柱2包括盖体21及设置在盖体21底部的外沿22，外沿22围绕盖体21的底部的边缘设置，盖体21的外壁设置有若干个凹部，凹部围绕盖体21外壁设置，上塑胶件3设置有若干个与凹部配合的凸部31。具体的，盖体21的开口朝下，盖体21内形成用于容纳电芯极耳的空间，盖体21的顶部穿过上塑胶件3裸露在外，便于进行充电或放电，省去了在第二极柱202的盖体21的顶部焊接铝板，即省去了通过摩擦焊形成第二极柱202，极柱202的材质均是与其电连接的电芯的极片的集流材料相同，同时，上塑胶件3的凸部31嵌入盖体21的外壁的凹部，使得上塑胶件3的凸部31卡接于极柱2外壁的凹部，通过紧固极柱2，保证密封性能和过流能力及拉力作用，但本发明不以为限，盖体21的外壁也可设置若干个凸部31，相应的，上塑胶件3设置凹部，或盖体21的外壁也可设置有凹部和凸部31，相应的，上塑胶件3设置凸部31和凹部，满足盖体21的外壁和上塑胶件3内壁凹凸配合即可。
在根据本发明的动力电池顶盖结构中，参见图2所示，凹部包括第一凹部211，第一凹部211围绕盖体21的外壁设置。于本实施方式中，第一凹部211为圆形盲孔，可均布在方形盖体21的四个侧面上，每个侧面上的第一凹部211的数量为5个，可根据实际密封性能的需求，对第一凹部211的数量和间距进行调整，但本发明不以此为限，第一凹部211也可只设置在盖体21相对的两个侧面上，或相邻的侧面的第一凹部211的数量可以相同，也可以不相同，满足上塑胶件3的凸部31卡接于极柱2外壁的凹部，提高上塑胶件3和极柱2的稳固性即可。
在根据本发明的动力电池顶盖结构中，参见图2所示，动力电池顶盖结构还包括下塑胶件6，下塑胶件6套设在极柱2的底部，顶盖片1、上塑胶件3、极柱2及下塑胶件6围成用于容置密封圈4的空间。下塑胶件6能够避免卷芯或极耳等与顶盖金属直接接触造成短路等安全风险，使得电 芯与极柱2之间有一定的安全距离，同时，顶盖片1、上塑胶件3、极柱2及下塑胶件6围成用于容置密封圈4的空间，通过上塑胶件3、顶盖片1及底板22对密封圈4的空间压缩，有助于减少密封圈4的反弹力，降低反弹力对轴向装配零件冲击，还降低密封圈4与顶盖片1和极柱2接触端变形的概率，从而确保密封圈4的密封性能。
在根据本发明的动力电池顶盖结构中，参见图2所示，顶盖片1上还设置有防爆阀孔11和注液孔12中的至少一种，下塑胶件6设置有防爆阀透气孔61和注液通孔62，防爆阀透气孔61对应设置在防爆阀孔11的下方，注液通孔62对应设置在注液孔12的下方，顶盖片1和下塑胶件6之间安装有防爆阀7，防爆阀孔11顶部安装有保护膜8。增加注液孔12，便于将电解液注入到电池内部，防爆阀7能够在电池由于过充、过放、过流及电池内部短路导致电池内压上升时，使电池自动快速泄压，避免电池爆炸导致安全事故的发生，其中，防爆阀孔11配合保护膜8，确保防爆阀14的功能能够实现，保护膜8能够防止外部灰尘、水或其它杂质进入防爆阀7，注液孔12配合注液通孔62，确保注液孔12的功能能够实现。
在根据本发明的动力电池顶盖结构中，参见图4和图6所示，极柱通孔10的顶部设置有第一凹槽101，上塑胶件3的底部嵌于第一凹槽101，极柱通孔10的底部设置有第二凹槽102，下塑胶件6的顶面设置有嵌于第二凹槽102的凸沿63。增加第一凹槽101，能够将上塑胶件3部分嵌于到顶盖片1上，防止上塑胶件3发生水平方向的位移，有助于提高顶盖片1和上塑胶件3之间的稳固性，还有助于降低顶盖结构整体的厚度，增加第二凹槽102，防止下塑胶5发生水平移动，能够提高顶盖片1和下塑胶5之间的稳固性，还使得下塑胶件6嵌于顶盖片1底部，有助于减少顶盖结构侵占电池内部的空间，有利于提高电池的能量密度。此外，采用第一凹槽101和第二凹槽102的设计，保证了顶盖和各组件间的稳固性，省去了铆接的工序，有助于降低生产成本，提高生产效率；凸沿63能够嵌入到第二凹槽102中，起到限制密封圈4位置的作用，同时，凸沿63配合外沿22抵接于顶盖片1底面，起到固定下塑胶件6的顶部的作用，有助于降低下塑胶件6发生位移或晃动的概率。
在根据本发明的动力电池顶盖结构中，参见图3至图6所示，上塑胶件3和密封圈4至少一者设置有延伸部9，延伸部9包围极柱通孔10的内壁。于本实施方式中，上塑胶件3向下延伸形成延伸部9，延伸部9能够隔离极柱通孔10的内壁和极柱2的作用，避免隔离极柱通孔10内加工残留的金属丝刮蹭极柱2，防止金属丝与极柱2发生短路的情况，有助于提高电池的安全性，同时，进一步提高密封圈4与极柱2之间的密闭性能，降低电解液发生外泄的概率，但本发明不以此为限，密封圈4也可设置向上突起的延伸部9，与上塑胶件3的延伸部9配合，也能包围极柱通孔10的内壁，延伸部9还可以是其它形状，满足防止极柱通孔10的内壁和极柱2直接接触即可。
在根据本发明的动力电池顶盖结构中，参见图2所示，极柱2分为第一极柱201和第二极柱202，套设于第一极柱201的上塑胶件3为导电塑胶或绝缘塑胶，套设于第二极柱202的上塑胶件3为绝缘塑胶，极柱2的材质与其电连接的电芯的极片的集流材料相同。于本实施方式中，第一极柱201作为正极，第二极柱202作为负极，套设于第一极柱201的上塑胶件3为导电塑胶，使得第一极柱201和电池壳体导通，保证壳体和极柱电位一致，即使极柱与外壳发生短路时，不至于产生大电流，从而不会出现打火现象，保证电池的安全性，套设于第一极柱201的上塑胶件3也可以均为绝缘塑胶，省去了额外用导电材料制成正极柱上的上塑胶件3，有助于提高上塑胶件3的生产效率，还利于批量化生产上塑胶件3，降低上塑胶件3生产成本，第一极柱201作为正极，盖体21和外沿22可均为金属铝，采用一体成型的结构，能够保证电池的质量不受影响，降低第一极柱201的生产成本；第二极柱202作为负极，盖体21和外沿22可均为金属铜，与其电连接的电芯的极片的集流材料相同，即与负极片对应的金属材料相同，不仅无需经过摩擦焊或复合板，省去了极柱摩擦焊的工序，有助于降低电池的生产成本，还能够保证电池的质量不受影响，降低第二极柱202的生产成本。具体的，第二极柱202为铜极柱，采用防氧化处理或者镀镍等工艺，提高极柱的质量，有助于延长第二极柱202的使用寿命，从而提高电池的质量。
在根据本发明的动力电池顶盖结构中，参见图4和图6所示，极柱2、上塑胶件3及密封圈4均为方形，凹部为圆形。于本实施方式中，极柱2、上塑胶件3及密封圈4均为方形，凹部为圆形，即，盖体21和外沿22均为方形，但本发明不以此为限，盖体21为方形，外沿22可以为圆形，反之亦然，上塑胶件3及密封圈4的形状做相应调整即可。
本发明的工作原理是：
采用模具冲压一体分别形成两个极柱2，无需经过摩擦焊或复合板，省去了极柱摩擦焊的工序，有助于降低电池的生产成本，为了将极柱2穿设于极柱通孔10，实现将极柱2安装于顶盖片1，上塑胶件3经过包胶注塑的方式，套设在极柱2的侧部和顶盖片1之间，使得上塑胶件3紧固于极柱2，同时，极柱2的外壁与上塑胶件3的内壁凹凸配合，能够将上塑胶件3卡接于极柱2，有助于增加上塑胶件3和极柱2侧面的粘接力，避免极柱2发生位移或晃动，还保证电池顶盖结构的密封性能，此外，将密封圈4套设在极柱2的底部和顶盖片1之间，使得极柱2的底部外沿22通过密封圈4抵接于顶盖片1的底面，相当于将极柱2的底部卡在顶盖片1的底面，有助于提高极柱2和顶盖片1之间的稳固性，其中，极柱2为中空结构，向上突起，极柱2内形成用于容纳电芯极耳的空间，能够避免焊接后的电芯极耳侵占电池内部的空间，有助于提高电池内部的空间利用率，从而提高电池的能量密度。
实施方式二
与实施方式一不同的是：本实施方式的凹部包括第二凹部212，第二凹部212围绕盖体21的外壁设置，盖体21的底部和外沿22之间的连接处设置至少一个加强肋5，外沿22的边缘设置有向上的凸起221，凸起221围绕外沿22设置，极柱2、上塑胶件3及密封圈4均为圆形，凹部为条形。具体的，参见图7和图8所示，第二凹部212为条形，可设计为垂直于盖体21顶面，也可设计为平行于盖体21顶面，第二凹部212可以为连续的长条形，也可以为间隔设置的多个条形段；凸起221能够固定外沿22的位置，从而固定极柱2底部的位置，即将极柱2的底部抵接于下塑胶件6的底面，实现将极柱2的底部卡在下塑胶件6的底面，有助于提高顶盖片1 和极柱2之间的稳固性，于本实施方式中，极柱2、上塑胶件3及密封圈4均为圆形，即，盖体21和外沿22均为圆形，但本发明不以此为限，盖体21为方形，外沿22可以为圆形，反之亦然，上塑胶件3及密封圈4的形状做相应调整即可；增加加强肋5，不仅防止极柱2发生变形，还能够提高盖体21的底部和外沿22之间的连接处的机械强度，有助于延长极柱2的使用寿命。
其他结构与实施方式一相同，这里不再赘述。
实施方式三
与实施方式一不同的是：本实施方式的凹部包括第一凹部211和第二凹部212，第一凹部211和第二凹部212围绕盖体21的外壁设置，第一凹部211的形状和第二凹部212的形状不相同，极柱2、上塑胶件3及密封圈4均为方形或椭圆形，凹部为圆形或条形。于本实施例中，参见图9至图11所示，第一凹部211为圆形盲孔，可均布在方形盖体21的四个侧面上，每个侧面上的第一凹部211的数量为5个，可根据实际密封性能的需求，对第一凹部211的数量和间距进行调整，同时，相邻的第一凹部211之间设置有条形的第二凹部212，能够增加塑胶与极柱面的粘接力，降低上塑胶件发生转动或位移的概率，其中，第二凹部212的深度可以小于或等于第一凹部211的深度，但本发明不以为限，根据实际电池顶盖结构，调整第一凹部211和第二凹部212的形状和大小，即第一凹部211和第二凹部212的形状和大小可以不相同，也可以采用相同形状，尺寸不同的结构；第一凹部211和第二凹部212也可只设置在盖体21相对的两个侧面上，相邻的侧面的第一凹部211或第二凹部212的数量可以相同，也可以不相同，满足上塑胶件3的凸部31卡接于极柱2外壁的凹部，提高上塑胶件3和极柱2的稳固性即可。
其他结构与实施方式一相同，这里不再赘述。
实施方式四
与实施方式一不同的是：参见图12和图13所示，本实施方式的盖体21的底部和外沿22之间的连接处设置至少一个加强肋5，盖体21的内壁设置有与凹部配合的凸包213。增加加强肋5，能够提高盖体21的底部和 外沿22之间的连接处的机械强度，有助于延长极柱2的使用寿命，可均布在方形盖体21的四个侧面上，每个侧面上的加强肋5的数量为3个，可根据实际电池顶盖机械强度的需求，对加强肋5的数量和间距进行调整；盖体21的内壁设置有与凹部配合的凸包213，凸包213在凹部冲压时形成，能够增加凹部的深度，使得凹部能容纳更大尺寸的上塑胶件3的凸部31，还使得上塑胶件3的凸部31卡接于极柱2外壁的凹部，紧固极柱保证密封性能和过流能力及拉力作用。
其他结构与实施方式一相同，这里不再赘述。
实施方式五
与实施方式一不同的是：参见图14至图16所示，盖体21为实心结构，第二极柱202为铜极柱，所述第二极柱202的表面经过镀镍或锌的防腐蚀处理，镍或锌材料的厚度为0.001mm-0.1mm。根据实际电池的结构和成本需求，也可以采用实心结构的盖体21；通过在第二极柱202镀镍，不仅可以防腐蚀，还可以增加激光焊接强度，限定镀镍或锌材料的厚度，防止镍或锌材料的厚度过大，导致生产成本上升的情况。
其他结构与实施方式一相同，这里不再赘述。
实施方式六
一种动力电池，包括实施方式一的动力电池顶盖结构。
需要说明的是：动力电池包括电芯，电芯包括正极片、隔膜及负极片，可以顺序堆叠并卷绕，正极片包括正极集流体，以及涂覆于正极集流体表面的正极活性材料，负极片包括负极集流体，以及涂覆于负极集流体表面的负极活性材料。第一极耳连接于正极集流体，第二极耳连接于负极集流体，正极集流体的边缘处可具有未被正极活性材料覆盖的空白区，第一极耳可直接通过裁切空白区形成。同样的，第二极耳可直接通过裁切负极集流体的空白区，此外，第一极耳和第二极耳也可以通过焊接分别固定于正极片和负极片的空白区。可采用激光焊接的方式，将第一极耳与第一极柱201连接，第二极耳与第二极柱202连接。
实施方式七
一种动力电池，包括实施方式二的动力电池顶盖结构。
实施方式八
一种动力电池，包括实施方式三的动力电池顶盖结构。
实施方式九
一种动力电池，包括实施方式四的动力电池顶盖结构。
实施方式十
一种动力电池，包括实施方式五的动力电池顶盖结构。
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导，本发明所属领域的技术人员还能够对上述实施方式进行变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，凡是本领域技术人员在本发明的基础上所作出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于，包括：
    顶盖片(1)，设置有极柱通孔(10)；
    极柱组件，包括一体式极柱(2)、上塑胶件(3)及密封圈(4)，所述极柱(2)通过所述上塑胶件(3)和所述密封圈(4)穿设于所述极柱通孔(10)；
    所述极柱(2)的外壁与所述上塑胶件(3)的内壁凹凸配合，用于将所述上塑胶件(3)卡接于所述极柱(2)，所述极柱(2)的底部外沿(22)通过所述密封圈(4)抵接于所述顶盖片(1)的底面。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于：所述极柱(2)包括盖体(21)及设置在所述盖体(21)底部的外沿(22)，所述盖体(21)为空心结构或实心结构，所述外沿(22)围绕所述盖体(21)的底部的边缘设置，所述盖体(21)的外壁设置有若干个凹部，所述凹部围绕所述盖体(21)外壁设置，所述上塑胶件(3)设置有若干个与所述凹部配合的凸部(31)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于：所述凹部包括第一凹部(211)和/或第二凹部(212)，第一凹部(211)和/或第二凹部(212)围绕所述盖体(21)的外壁设置，所述第一凹部(211)的形状和所述第二凹部(212)的形状不相同，所述盖体(21)的内壁设置有与所述凹部配合的凸包(213)，所述盖体(21)的底部和所述外沿(22)之间的连接处设置至少一个加强肋(5)，所述外沿(22)的边缘设置有向上的凸起(221)，所述凸起(221)围绕所述外沿(22)设置。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于：所述动力电池顶盖结构还包括下塑胶件(6)，所述下塑胶件(6)套设在所述极柱(2)的底部，所述顶盖片(1)、所述上塑胶件(3)、所述极柱(2)及所述下塑胶件(6)围成用于容置所述密封圈(4)的空间。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于：所述顶盖片(1)上还设置有防爆阀孔(11)和注液孔(12)中的至少一种，所述下塑胶件(6)设置有防爆阀透气孔(61)和注液通孔(62)，所述防爆阀透气孔(61)对应设置在所述防爆阀孔(11)的下方，所述注液通孔(62)对应设置在所述注液孔(12)的下方，所述顶盖片(1)和所述下塑胶件(6)之间安装有防爆阀(7)，所述 防爆阀孔(11)顶部安装有保护膜(8)。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于：所述极柱通孔(10)的顶部设置有第一凹槽(101)，所述上塑胶件(3)的底部嵌于所述第一凹槽(101)，所述极柱通孔(10)的底部设置有第二凹槽(102)，所述下塑胶件(6)的顶面设置有嵌于所述第二凹槽(102)的凸沿(63)，所述上塑胶件(3)和所述密封圈(4)至少一者设置有延伸部(9)，所述延伸部(9)包围所述极柱通孔(10)的内壁。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于：所述极柱(2)分为第一极柱(201)和第二极柱(202)，套设于所述第一极柱(201)的上塑胶件(3)为导电塑胶或绝缘塑胶，套设于所述第二极柱(202)的上塑胶件(3)为绝缘塑胶，所述极柱(2)的材质与其电连接的电芯的极片的集流材料相同。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于：所述第二极柱(202)为铜极柱，所述第二极柱(202)的表面经过镀镍或锌的防腐蚀处理，所述镍或锌材料的厚度为0.001mm-0.1mm。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的一种动力电池顶盖结构，其特征在于：所述极柱(2)、所述上塑胶件(3)及所述密封圈(4)均为方形、圆形或椭圆形，所述凹部为圆形、椭圆形或条形。
  10. 一种动力电池，其特征在于：包括权利要求1-9任意一项所述的动力电池顶盖结构。
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