WO2022153735A1 - 建設機械 - Google Patents
建設機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022153735A1 WO2022153735A1 PCT/JP2021/045292 JP2021045292W WO2022153735A1 WO 2022153735 A1 WO2022153735 A1 WO 2022153735A1 JP 2021045292 W JP2021045292 W JP 2021045292W WO 2022153735 A1 WO2022153735 A1 WO 2022153735A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- mode
- electric power
- power
- construction machine
- Prior art date
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
- E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
- E02F3/325—Backhoes of the miniature type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2091—Control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. battery or capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/53—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
- E02F9/207—Control of propulsion units of the type electric propulsion units, e.g. electric motors or generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
- B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
- B60Y2200/412—Excavators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to construction machinery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an optimum storage method for a battery in a construction machine having a built-in battery when the construction machine is not used.
- an electric hydraulic excavator with a built-in battery may be used in a state where it is connected to an external power source such as a commercial power source with a cable. That is, there are construction machines capable of performing work using both an external power source and a battery power source. In such a construction machine, it is possible to charge the battery using an external power source during the work, and there is a concern that the charge control of the battery during the work becomes insufficient and the deterioration of the battery is accelerated.
- the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a method when the work is not performed on the construction machine, and cannot be applied as it is.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of suppressing deterioration of a battery in a construction machine including a battery that can be charged by an external power source.
- An exemplary construction machine of the present invention includes a power supply device connected to an external power source to output first electric power, a battery provided so as to be able to charge the first electric power, and the first electric power and the battery. It includes an electric motor driven by at least one of the second electric power to be discharged.
- the construction machine has a battery drive mode in which only the second electric power can be used to drive the electric motor, and a drive chargeable mode in which the first electric power can be used to drive the electric motor and can be used to charge the battery.
- a control device that controls the own machine in any of a plurality of modes including a mode is further provided. In the drive chargeable mode, the control device sets the upper limit of the charge amount of the battery lower than in the battery drive mode.
- the exemplary construction machine of the present invention includes a power supply device connected to an external power source to output the first electric power, a battery provided so as to be able to charge the first electric power, the first electric power, and the above. It comprises an electric motor driven by at least one of the second electric power to discharge the battery.
- the construction machine has a drive chargeable mode in which the first electric power can be used to drive the electric motor and can be used to charge the battery, and a charge-only mode in which the first electric power can be used only to charge the battery.
- a control device for controlling the own machine in any of a plurality of modes including a mode is provided. In the drive chargeable mode, the control device sets the upper limit of the charge amount of the battery lower than in the charge-only mode.
- deterioration of the battery can be suppressed in a construction machine including a battery that can be charged by an external power source.
- Block diagram showing an outline of the configuration related to the control of the power supply system Graph showing an example of daily SOC transition of batteries installed in construction machinery Block diagram for explaining a modified construction machine Block diagram showing a detailed example of a modified construction machine Schematic diagram showing an example of a charging map
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of the construction machine 1 of the present embodiment.
- the construction machine 1 is, in detail, an electric construction machine.
- the construction machine 1 is, more specifically, an electric hydraulic excavator.
- the construction machine to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the hydraulic excavator, and may be another construction machine such as a wheel loader.
- the construction machine 1 includes a lower traveling body 2, a working machine 3, and an upper rotating body 4.
- the direction is defined as follows. First, the direction in which the lower traveling body 2 travels straight is the front-rear direction, one side of which is “front”, and the other side is “rear”. In FIG. 1, as an example, the traveling motor 22 side is shown as “front” with respect to the blade 23. Further, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the front-rear direction is defined as the left-right direction. At this time, the left side is defined as “left” and the right side is defined as "right” when viewed from the operator (driver, driver) sitting in the driver's seat 41a. Further, the gravity direction perpendicular to the front-back direction and the left-right direction is the vertical direction, the upstream side in the gravity direction is "up”, and the downstream side is "down".
- the lower traveling body 2 includes a pair of left and right crawlers 21 and a pair of left and right traveling motors 22.
- Each traveling motor 22 is a hydraulic motor.
- the left and right traveling motors 22 drive the left and right crawlers 21, respectively, to move the construction machine 1 back and forth.
- the lower traveling body 2 is provided with a blade 23 for performing ground leveling work and a blade cylinder 23a.
- the blade cylinder 23a is a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the blade 23 in the vertical direction.
- the work machine 3 includes a boom 31, an arm 32, and a bucket 33. By independently driving the boom 31, the arm 32, and the bucket 33, excavation work such as earth and sand can be performed.
- the boom 31 is rotated by the boom cylinder 31a.
- the base end of the boom cylinder 31a is supported by the front portion of the upper swing body 4, and the boom cylinder 31a can be expanded and contracted.
- the arm 32 is rotated by the arm cylinder 32a.
- the base end of the arm cylinder 32a is supported by the tip of the boom 31, and the arm cylinder 32a can be expanded and contracted.
- the bucket 33 is rotated by the bucket cylinder 33a.
- the base end of the bucket cylinder 33a is supported by the tip of the arm 32, and the bucket cylinder 33a can be expanded and contracted.
- the boom cylinder 31a, the arm cylinder 32a, and the bucket cylinder 33a are composed of hydraulic cylinders.
- the upper swivel body 4 is configured to be swivelable with respect to the lower traveling body 2 via a swivel bearing (not shown).
- a control unit 41, a swivel base 42, a swivel motor 43, an engine room 44, and the like are arranged in the upper swivel body 4.
- the upper swivel body 4 is swiveled via a swivel bearing by being driven by a swivel motor 43 which is a hydraulic motor.
- a swivel motor 43 which is a hydraulic motor.
- Inside the engine room 44 for example, an electric motor 5 and a hydraulic pump 61 (both see FIG. 2) are arranged. That is, the construction machine 1 includes an electric motor 5.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hydraulic system 6 included in the construction machine 1 of the present embodiment.
- the hydraulic pump 61 is mechanically coupled to the output shaft of the motor 5 and is driven by the drive of the motor 5.
- the control valve 62 controls the flow rate and direction of the working oil (pressure oil) supplied from the hydraulic pump 61, and appropriately supplies the working oil to various hydraulic actuators constituting the actuator group 63.
- the various hydraulic actuators included in the actuator group 63 include hydraulic motors (for example, left and right traveling motors 22 and swivel motors 43) and hydraulic cylinders (for example, blade cylinder 23a, boom cylinder 31a, arm cylinder 32a, bucket). Cylinder 33a) is included.
- a driver's seat 41a is arranged in the control unit 41.
- Various levers 41b are arranged around the driver's seat 41a.
- the hydraulic system 6 is operated to run the lower traveling body 2, the ground leveling work by the blade 23, the excavation work by the working machine 3, and the upper turning body 4. It can turn, etc.
- the upper swivel body 4 is provided with a power supply port (not shown).
- the power supply port and the commercial power supply 100 which is an external power supply, are connected via a power supply cable 101.
- the electric motor 5 can be driven by the electric power supplied from the commercial power source 100. It is also possible to charge the battery 72 by supplying the electric power supplied from the commercial power source 100 to the battery 72 detachably attached to the upper swing body 4.
- the lower traveling body 2, the working machine 3, and the upper turning body 4 may be configured to include an electric traveling motor, an electric cylinder, an electric turning motor, and the like.
- the lower traveling body 2, the working machine 3, and the upper turning body 4 can all be driven by electric power without using hydraulic equipment. That is, when the lower traveling body 2, the working machine 3, and the upper turning body 4 are collectively referred to as the machine body BA, the machine body BA may be driven only by electric power (all electric power), and the electric power and hydraulic equipment are used in combination. May be driven. Therefore, it can be said that the construction machine 1 of the present embodiment has a configuration including at least an airframe BA driven by electric power.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply system 7 included in the construction machine 1 of the present embodiment.
- the power supply system 7 includes a power supply device 71, a battery 72, and an inverter 73. That is, the construction machine 1 includes a power feeding device 71 and a battery 72. The construction machine 1 further includes an inverter 73.
- the power supply device 71 is connected to an external power source and outputs the first electric power.
- the external electrode is a commercial power source 100 (see FIG. 1).
- the power feeding device 71 is arranged in, for example, the engine room 44.
- the power supply device 71 converts the AC voltage supplied from the commercial power supply 100 via the power supply cable 101 into a DC voltage.
- the power feeding device 71 is provided so that the electric power after voltage conversion (first electric power) can be supplied to the battery 72 and the inverter 73.
- the battery 72 is provided so that the first electric power output from the power supply device 71 can be charged. Further, the battery 72 is provided so that the discharge power (second power) can be supplied to the inverter 73.
- the battery 72 is composed of, for example, a lithium ion battery.
- the battery 72 is arranged, for example, in the engine room 44.
- the inverter 73 converts the DC power supplied from the power supply device 71 and the battery 72 into AC power.
- the AC power converted by the inverter 73 is supplied to the motor 5.
- the inverter 73 is arranged, for example, in the engine room 44, for example.
- the electric motor 5 is driven by AC power supplied from the inverter 73 to operate the hydraulic pump 61.
- the electric motor 5 is driven by at least one of the electric power output from the power feeding device 71 (first electric power) and the electric power discharged from the battery 72 (second electric power).
- the power supply system 7 is provided so as to be configurable in three modes including a first mode, a second mode, and a third mode.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic view showing a state set in the first mode.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic view showing a state set in the second mode.
- FIG. 4C is a schematic view showing a state set in the third mode.
- the first mode corresponds to the battery drive mode of the present invention.
- the second mode corresponds to the drive chargeable mode of the present invention.
- the third mode corresponds to the charge-only mode of the present invention.
- the commercial power source 100 and the power supply device 71 are electrically disconnected. Therefore, in the first mode, it is not possible to supply electric power from the power feeding device 71 to the inverter 73.
- the battery 72 and the inverter 73 are electrically connected, and the discharge power of the battery 72 can be supplied to the inverter 73. That is, the first mode is a mode in which only the electric power discharged by the battery 72 (second electric power) can be used to drive the electric motor 5.
- the first mode is a mode used when it is desired to operate the motor 5 in a state where electric power from the outside is not supplied.
- the power supply device 71 is electrically connected to the commercial power source 100. Further, the battery 72 and the inverter 73 are electrically connected.
- the second mode is a mode used when it is desired to operate the motor 5 in a state where electric power can be supplied from the outside.
- the second mode includes the four states shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing a case where the first state is reached in the second mode.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic view showing a case where the second state is reached in the second mode.
- FIG. 5C is a schematic view showing a case where the third state is reached in the second mode.
- FIG. 5D is a schematic view showing a case where the fourth state is reached in the second mode.
- the first state is a state selected when the electric power required to drive the electric motor 5 cannot be obtained only by the electric power output from one of the power feeding device 71 and the battery 72.
- the first state most of the electric power required to drive the electric motor 5 is covered by the electric power output from the power supply device 71, and the insufficient electric power is supplemented by the electric power (discharge power) output from the battery 72. Will be.
- the second state power is supplied from the power supply device 71 to the battery 72 and the inverter 73.
- the second state is selected when the electric power output from the power feeding device 71 is larger than the electric power required to drive the electric motor 5.
- the battery 72 stores a part of the electric power output from the power feeding device 71. That is, the battery 72 is charged by the electric power supplied from the power feeding device 71.
- the third state power is supplied to the inverter 73 only from the power supply device 71.
- the third state is selected when, for example, the electric power output from the power feeding device 71 is equal to the electric power required to drive the electric motor 5.
- the third state may be a state in which the battery 72, the power feeding device 71, and the inverter 73 are electrically disconnected by using a relay.
- the fourth state is a state in which the power feeding device 71 is in a state where power can be supplied but is forcibly disconnected from the inverter 73.
- a relay (not shown) is used to switch between electrical connection and non-connection between the power supply device 71 and the inverter 73.
- the fourth state is selected, for example, when it is desired to positively utilize the electric power of the battery 72.
- the second mode is a mode in which the electric power output from the power supply device 71 (first electric power) can be used to drive the electric motor 5 while charging the battery 72. Further, in the second mode, at least one of the electric power output from the power supply device 71 (first electric power) and the electric power discharged from the battery 72 (second electric power) is used to drive the electric motor 5. It is possible. With such a configuration, the life of the battery 72 can be extended by appropriately controlling the charging and discharging of the battery 72 while appropriately supplying the electric power required for driving the electric motor 5.
- the power supply device 71 and the battery 72 are not electrically connected to the inverter 73.
- a relay (not shown) is used, for example, for switching between electrical connection and non-connection between the power supply device 71 and the battery 72 and the inverter 73.
- the power feeding device 71 and the battery 72 are electrically connected.
- the third mode is a mode in which the electric power (first electric power) output from the power feeding device 71 can be used only for charging the battery 72.
- the third mode is a mode used when it is not necessary to drive the electric motor 5.
- the third mode is a mode used when the battery 72 is charged in preparation for the next use of the construction machine 1.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an outline of a configuration related to control of the power supply system 7.
- the construction machine 1 includes a control device 8.
- the control device 8 is composed of an electronic control unit called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).
- the ECU is a device that controls using an electronic circuit, and includes, for example, a microcontroller (microcomputer).
- the microcontroller includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory for storing programs and the like, and an input / output unit for communicating with peripheral devices.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- memory for storing programs and the like
- an input / output unit for communicating with peripheral devices.
- the control device 8 controls the entire power supply system 7 in cooperation with the power supply device ECU 711 built in the power supply device 71 and the battery ECU 721 built in the battery 72. Further, the control device 8 controls the own machine 1 in any of the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode.
- the control device 8 includes a mode determination unit 81 and a command generation unit 82.
- the mode determination unit 81 and the command generation unit 82 are functions of the control device 8 realized by a computer such as a CPU executing arithmetic processing according to a program stored in a memory.
- the mode determination unit 81 and the command generation unit 82 are conceptual components.
- the functions executed by one component may be distributed to a plurality of components, or the functions of the plurality of components may be integrated into one component.
- the mode determination unit 81 determines which mode the current mode of the power supply system 7 is. Specifically, the mode determination unit 81 determines which of the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode the current mode is. The mode determination unit 81 determines which mode the current mode is based on, for example, the information obtained from the power supply device ECU 711 and the information obtained from the charge start switch 9.
- the charging start switch 9 is a switch operated by the user when he / she wants to charge the battery 72.
- the charging start switch 9 is provided, for example, in the control unit 41 or the like.
- the charging start switch 9 may be, for example, an operation button, an operation lever, an operation dial, a touch panel, or the like.
- the mode determination unit 81 determines the mode based on the energization signal from the power supply device ECU 711 and the charge ON signal from the charge start switch 9.
- the energization signal is a signal generated when the power supply device 71 is electrically connected to the commercial power supply 100 via the power supply cable 101.
- the charge ON signal is a signal generated when the user requests charging using the charge start switch 9.
- the charge ON signal may be input to the control device 8 via the power supply device ECU 711.
- the mode determination unit 81 determines that the mode is the first mode when neither the communication signal nor the charge ON signal is received. When the mode determination unit 81 receives the communication signal and does not receive the charge ON signal, the mode determination unit 81 determines that the mode is the second mode. When the mode determination unit 81 receives the energization signal and the charge ON signal, it determines that the mode is the third mode.
- the control device 8 cannot perform appropriate control because the preparation for charging is insufficient. In such a case, an error may be notified.
- the mode determination method of the present embodiment is only an example, and for example, the information obtained from the battery ECU 721 may be used for the mode determination.
- the command generation unit 82 controls the power feeding device 71 according to the mode determination by the mode determination unit 81. Specifically, the command generation unit 82 controls the power supply device 71 based on the information of the battery 72 input from the battery ECU 721 in addition to the mode determination result.
- the information of the battery 72 includes at least one of the voltage of the battery 72 and the state of charge (SOC).
- the control device 8 sets the upper limit of the charge amount of the battery 72 lower in the second mode than in the case of the third mode. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the charge amount of the battery 72 from becoming higher than necessary when the construction machine 1 is operating. As a result, deterioration of the battery 72 can be suppressed and the life of the battery 72 can be extended. Further, according to this configuration, since the charge capacity of the battery 72 can be suppressed to be lower than the full charge capacity when the motor 5 is operating, the battery 72 can receive the regenerative power generated by the stop of the motor 5. , It is possible to prevent the battery 72 from being damaged.
- the command generation unit 82 issues a voltage command to the power supply device ECU 711 so that the charge amount does not exceed the set upper limit value.
- the power supply device 71 is controlled in response to a voltage command received from the command generation unit 82 by the power supply device ECU 711. Since the upper limit of the charge amount of the battery 72 is lower in the second mode than in the third mode, the target voltage for charging the battery 72 to the preset upper limit is the third in the second mode. Lower than mode. Assuming that the charge amount is expressed in SOC, the upper limit value of the charge amount may be set to 100% in the third mode and 80% in the second mode, for example. However, these numerical values may be changed as appropriate.
- the control device 8 detects that the charge amount of the battery 72 is smaller than the preset lower limit value in the second mode, the control device 8 controls the power supply device 71 so that the charge of the battery 72 is started. It is preferable to do so.
- the lower limit value of the charge amount in the second mode may be 50% or the like.
- the lower limit of the charge amount in the second mode may be the same as the upper limit value of the charge amount in the second mode described above.
- control device 8 sets the upper limit value of the charge amount of the battery 72 lower in the second mode than in the case of the first mode. For this reason, when the construction machine 1 is operated, the charge amount of the battery 72 is appropriately reduced by first driving in the first mode, and then the battery 72 is charged by switching to the second mode. , The charge amount of the battery 72 can be maintained at an appropriate charge amount that is neither too high nor too low. As a result, deterioration of the battery 72 can be suppressed and the life of the battery 72 can be extended.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of daily SOC transitions of the battery 72 included in the construction machine 1 of the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is the SOC of the battery 72.
- the construction machine 1 starts to be used at the time A, and at the time of the start of use, the construction machine 1 exists in a place where the commercial power source 100 cannot be secured.
- the construction machine 1 exists on a truck bed or the like. The construction machine 1 needs to self-propell from the truck bed to the construction site where the commercial power source 100 can be secured.
- the control device 8 of the construction machine 1 determines that it is in the first mode because an energization signal cannot be obtained. For this purpose, the control device 8 controls the construction machine 1 in the first mode. That is, the construction machine 1 drives the electric motor 5 using only the electric power discharged from the battery 72. The construction machine 1 operates the traveling motor 22 by driving the electric motor 5 to travel. As the power of the battery 72 continues to be used while the construction machine 1 is controlled in the first mode, the SOC of the battery 72 continues to decrease, as shown in FIG.
- the control device 8 detects the energization signal and determines that it is in the second mode. For this purpose, the control device 8 controls the construction machine 1 in the second mode. That is, the construction machine 1 drives the electric motor 5 by using the electric power of at least one of the power feeding device 71 and the battery 72. By driving the electric motor 5, the construction machine 1 performs excavation work using the work machine 3, ground leveling work using the blade 23, running by the lower traveling body 2, and the like.
- the output of the power supply device 71 has a margin, the battery 72 is charged by using the electric power output from the power supply device 71.
- the time B corresponds to the time when the power supply to the construction machine 1 is started from the commercial power source 100, and at this time, the control device 8 starts the control of the construction machine 1 in the second mode. ..
- the SOC of the battery 72 is below the preset lower limit value, so that the charging of the battery 72 is started. That is, the SOC of the battery 72 starts to increase.
- the output of the power feeding device 71 has a margin for the electric power required for driving the electric motor 5 while the second mode is determined.
- the upper limit value UL1 (for example, 80% or the like) is set in the SOC of the battery 72. Therefore, the battery 72 is not charged beyond the upper limit UL1.
- the power of the battery 72 is not used from the second mode until the work is completed, and the SOC of the battery 72 is increased. It is maintained at the upper limit UL1.
- the electric power of the battery 72 may be used when working in the second mode, depending on the electric power required to drive the electric motor 5.
- the control device 8 detects both the energization signal and the charge ON signal, and determines that the mode is the third mode.
- the control device 8 starts controlling the construction machine 1 in the third mode. That is, only the battery 72 is charged by the output from the power feeding device 71.
- the upper limit value UL2 (for example, 100%) of the SOC of the battery 72 in the third mode is set higher than the upper limit value UL1 in the case of the second mode. Therefore, when the second mode is switched to the third mode, charging of the battery 72 is started, and charging is performed up to the upper limit value UL2.
- time D the battery 72 is stored. The charging operation is completed, for example, when the power of the construction machine 1 is turned off.
- the upper limit of the SOC of the battery 72 in the first mode is the same as the upper limit of the SOC of the battery 72 in the third mode UL2.
- the SOC of the battery 72 is smaller than the SOC (upper limit value UL2) when the battery 72 is stored, and does not become higher than necessary. Therefore, deterioration of the battery 72 can be suppressed.
- the storage method of the battery 72 may be different from the example shown in FIG. For example, after the work is completed, a storage method may be adopted in which charge / discharge control is performed so that the SOC is suitable for charging, and the SOC becomes the upper limit value UL2 immediately before the start of the work. As a result, deterioration of the battery 72 can be suppressed both when the construction machine 1 is used and when the battery 72 is stored without using the construction machine 1, and the life of the battery 72 can be further extended.
- the charge amount of the battery 72 may exceed the upper limit value UL1 of the charge amount of the battery 72 in the second mode in spite of the second mode. If the charge amount of the battery 72 exceeds the upper limit value UL1 of the charge amount of the battery 72 in the second mode at the start of the second mode, for example, the electric motor 5 is driven only by the power of the battery 72, or the battery 72 It is preferable that the charge amount of the battery 72 is made smaller than the upper limit value UL1 by positively using the electric power.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram for explaining a modified construction machine 1.
- the construction machine 1 of the modified example in addition to the information of the above-described embodiment (for example, energization signal, charge ON signal, SOC of battery 72, etc.), it is acquired by the specific information acquisition unit 10 provided outside the control device 8. Specific information is input to the control device 8.
- the control device 8 charges the battery 72 while driving the electric motor 5 with the electric power (first electric power) output from the power supply device 71
- the control device 8 is a specific input input from the outside.
- the target amount of the increase rate of the charge amount of the battery 72 is changed according to the information.
- the speed of charging the battery 72 can be changed according to, for example, the driving condition of the electric motor 5, the environment in which the battery 72 is placed, and the like. As a result, the load on the battery 72 during the operation of the electric motor 5 can be reduced and the life of the battery 72 can be extended.
- the fluctuation of the target amount of the increase rate of the charge amount is performed only when the battery safe mode, which is a mode for suppressing the load at the time of charging the battery 72, is selected by the user such as the operator. May be good.
- the battery safe mode may be configured to be selected by operating an operation unit such as an operation button, an operation lever, an operation dial, or a touch panel.
- the control device 8 controls the current supplied from the power supply device 71 according to the target amount of the set increase rate of the charge amount of the battery 72 and the electric power consumed by the electric motor 5. According to this, while appropriately supplying electric power to the electric motor 5 and suppressing a decrease in operability of work using the construction machine 1, the charging speed of the battery 72 is appropriately controlled to suppress the load applied to the battery 72. can do.
- the electric power consumed by the motor 5 is obtained from various information input to the control device 8 (for example, operation information of the lever 41b of the driver's seat 41a, the actual rotation speed of the motor 5 and the like).
- the specific information may include the temperature of the battery 72. According to this, the speed of charging the battery 72 can be appropriately controlled according to the temperature environment in which the battery 72 is placed, the burden on the battery 72 can be reduced, and the life of the battery 72 can be extended.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a detailed example of the construction machine 1 of the modified example.
- the above-mentioned specific information acquisition unit 10 is the battery temperature measurement unit 10A.
- the battery temperature measuring unit 10A may be built in the battery 72. In this case, the temperature of the battery 72 measured by the battery temperature measuring unit 10A may be transmitted to the control device 8 by the battery ECU 721.
- the resistance value of the battery 72 decreases. For this reason, if charging is performed with a current value that is normally used when the temperature of the battery 72 drops, the speed at which the target charging voltage is reached becomes faster, and the amount of heat generated by the battery 72 may become too large. Charging in such a large amount of heat generation imposes a burden on the battery 72, which may shorten the life of the battery 72. For this reason, it is preferable to determine the target amount of the increase rate of the charge amount of the battery 72 according to the temperature of the battery 72.
- the control device 8 (command generation unit 82) is input from the battery temperature measurement unit 10A in the second mode when the battery 72 is charged while driving the electric motor 5 with the electric power output from the power supply device 71.
- the target amount of the increase rate of the charge amount of the battery 72 is set according to the temperature of the battery 72.
- the charge map 831 stored in advance in the memory 83 included in the control device 8 is used.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a charging map.
- the horizontal axis is the temperature and the vertical axis is the allowable charge amount.
- the allowable charge amount is the charge amount that the battery 72 can accept, and the lower the SOC of the battery 72, the higher the charge amount.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram assuming a certain output.
- the area indicated by the maximum charging current is an area indicating that charging may be performed with the maximum charging current.
- the region indicated by the minimum charge current is a region indicating that charging may be performed with the minimum charge current.
- the region indicated by the half charge current is a region indicating that charging may be performed with the average value of the maximum charge current and the minimum charge current.
- the non-chargeable area is an area where charging is prohibited.
- the maximum charge current, the minimum charge current, and the half charge current are current values determined in advance by experiments and the like, and correspond to the target amount of the increase rate of the charge amount of the battery 72. Further, in the case of a non-chargeable area, the target amount of the increase rate of the charge amount cannot be set.
- the control device 8 determines the target amount of the increase rate of the charge amount from the SOC input from the battery ECU 721 and the temperature input from the battery temperature measurement unit 10A with reference to the charge map 831. .. As can be seen from the charge map 831 shown in FIG. 10, the lower the temperature of the battery 72 and the higher the allowable charge amount, the smaller the target amount is set.
- the control device 8 controls the power supply device 71 according to the set target amount and the electric power consumed by the electric motor 5.
- the power feeding device 71 supplies the electric current 5 and the battery 72 with a current determined according to the control device 8.
- the specific information may include attachment information attached to the tip of the work machine 3 of the construction machine 1.
- the attachment is a bucket 33.
- the attachment attached to the tip of the working machine 3 may be replaceable.
- the replaceable attachment may include a breaker (for example, a hydraulic breaker) used for crushing work in addition to the bucket.
- the specific information may include attachment information.
- the specific information acquisition unit 10 for acquiring the attachment information may be, for example, an input device for a user such as an operator to input the attachment information. Further, the specific information acquisition unit 10 that acquires attachment information may be an attachment detection unit that detects that a specific attachment has been attached.
- the control device 8 When the control device 8 detects the use of a specific attachment, the rate of increase in the charge amount of the battery 72 is set as a preset target amount corresponding to the specific attachment. Then, the control device 8 controls the power supply device 71 according to the target amount and the information related to the power consumption of the electric motor 5 input to the control device 8. The power feeding device 71 supplies the electric current 5 and the battery 72 with a current determined according to the control device 8.
- a specific attachment is, for example, a breaker. Work using a breaker often has little load fluctuation. Therefore, when the breaker is used as the attachment, by setting the target amount of the increase rate of the charge amount of the battery 72 to be small, it is possible to charge the battery 72 while stably reducing the load. , The life of the battery 72 can be extended.
- the specific information may include the actual rotation speed of the motor 5.
- the control device 8 may input to the control device 8 from, for example, an inverter ECU (not shown) that receives information from a position sensor included in the motor 5.
- the control device 8 controls the own machine 1 in any of the first mode (battery drive mode), the second mode (drive chargeable mode), and the third mode (charge-only mode). And said.
- the control device may be configured to control the own machine 1 in any of a plurality of modes including the first mode and the second mode.
- the control device may be configured to control the own machine 1 in either the first mode or the second mode. That is, the third mode in which the electric power of the power supply device 71 can be used only for charging the battery 72 does not necessarily have to be provided.
- control device may be configured to control the own machine 1 in any of a plurality of modes including the second mode and the third mode.
- the control device may be configured to control the own machine 1 in either the second mode or the third mode. That is, the first mode in which only the electric power of the battery 72 can be used to drive the electric motor 5 does not necessarily have to be provided.
- the electric motor 5 is driven by the electric power from the power feeding device 71 in principle. Then, when the work load is high and the electric power for driving the electric motor 5 is insufficient only with the electric power from the power feeding device 71, the electric power of the battery 72 can be used to supplement the insufficient electric power.
Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態の建設機械1の概略の構成を示す側面図である。建設機械1は、詳細には、電動式の建設機械である。建設機械1は、より詳細には、電動式油圧ショベルである。なお、本発明が適用される建設機械は、油圧ショベルに限定されず、ホイルローダ等の他の建設機械であってもよい。建設機械1は、下部走行体2と、作業機3と、上部旋回体4と、を備える。
図3は、本実施形態の建設機械1が備える電源システム7の概略の構成を示すブロック図である。電源システム7は、給電装置71と、バッテリ72と、インバータ73とを備える。すなわち、建設機械1は、給電装置71とバッテリ72とを備える。建設機械1は、インバータ73を更に備える。
図6は、電源システム7の制御に関わる構成の概略を示すブロック図である。図6に示すように、建設機械1は制御装置8を備える。制御装置8は、ECU(Electronic Control Unit)と呼ばれる電子制御ユニットで構成される。ECUは、電子回路を用いて制御を行う装置であり、例えばマイクロコントローラ(マイコン)を含んで構成される。マイクロコントローラは、例えば、CPU(Central Processing Unit)と、プログラム等を格納するメモリと、周辺機器と通信を行うための入出力部と、を含んで構成される。
SOC(%) = 残容量(Ah)÷満充電容量(Ah)×100 ・・・(1)
図8は、変形例の建設機械1について説明するためのブロック図である。変形例の建設機械1においては、上述した実施形態の情報(例えば通電信号、充電ON信号、バッテリ72のSOC等)に加えて、制御装置8の外部に設けられる特定情報取得部10で取得された特定の情報が、制御装置8に入力される。
本明細書中に開示される種々の技術的特徴は、その技術的創作の主旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更を加えることが可能である。また、本明細書中に示される複数の実施形態および変形例は、可能な範囲で組み合わせて実施されてよい。
5・・・電動機
8・・・制御装置
71・・・給電装置
72・・・バッテリ
100・・・商用電源(外部電源)
Claims (7)
- 外部電源と接続されて第1の電力を出力する給電装置と、
前記第1の電力を充電可能に設けられるバッテリと、
前記第1の電力と前記バッテリが放電する第2の電力とのうち少なくとも一方により駆動する電動機と、
を備える建設機械であって、
前記電動機の駆動に前記第2の電力のみを使用可能なバッテリ駆動モードと、前記第1の電力を前記電動機の駆動に使用しつつ前記バッテリの充電に使用可能な駆動充電可能モードとを含む複数のモードのいずれかで自機械の制御を行う制御装置を更に備え、
前記制御装置は、前記駆動充電可能モードである場合に、前記バッテリ駆動モードである場合に比べて、前記バッテリの充電量の上限値を低く設定する、建設機械。 - 外部電源と接続されて第1の電力を出力する給電装置と、
前記第1の電力を充電可能に設けられるバッテリと、
前記第1の電力と前記バッテリが放電する第2の電力とのうち少なくとも一方により駆動する電動機と、
を備える建設機械であって、
前記第1の電力を前記電動機の駆動に使用しつつ前記バッテリの充電に使用可能な駆動充電可能モードと、前記第1の電力を前記バッテリの充電にのみ使用可能な充電専用モードとを含む複数のモードのいずれかで自機械の制御を行う制御装置を更に備え、
前記制御装置は、前記駆動充電可能モードである場合に、前記充電専用モードである場合に比べて、前記バッテリの充電量の上限値を低く設定する、建設機械。 - 前記複数のモードに、前記電動機の駆動に前記第2の電力のみを使用可能なバッテリ駆動モードが更に含まれる、請求項2に記載の建設機械。
- 前記制御装置は、前記駆動充電可能モードであって、前記第1の電力で前記電動機を駆動しながら前記バッテリを充電する場合に、外部から入力される特定の情報に応じて前記バッテリの充電量の増加率の目標量を変動させる、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の建設機械。
- 前記特定の情報には、前記バッテリの温度が含まれる、請求項4に記載の建設機械。
- 前記制御装置は、設定された前記目標量と前記電動機が消費する電力とに応じて前記給電装置から供給される電流を制御する、請求項4又は5に記載の建設機械。
- 前記駆動充電可能モードにおいては、前記電動機の駆動に前記第1の電力と前記第2の電力とのうちの少なくとも一方を使用可能である、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の建設機械。
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CN110932276A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-03-27 | 三一重机有限公司 | 移动式控制装置及电动挖掘机系统 |
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US20240051405A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
KR20230129977A (ko) | 2023-09-11 |
JP2022109029A (ja) | 2022-07-27 |
EP4279661A1 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
JP7389064B2 (ja) | 2023-11-29 |
CN116806281A (zh) | 2023-09-26 |
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