WO2022151843A1 - 一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法及测量装置 - Google Patents

一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法及测量装置 Download PDF

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WO2022151843A1
WO2022151843A1 PCT/CN2021/133196 CN2021133196W WO2022151843A1 WO 2022151843 A1 WO2022151843 A1 WO 2022151843A1 CN 2021133196 W CN2021133196 W CN 2021133196W WO 2022151843 A1 WO2022151843 A1 WO 2022151843A1
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acceleration
velocity
regularization
position data
displacement data
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French (fr)
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徐培亮
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徐培亮
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P7/00Measuring speed by integrating acceleration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/001Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by measuring acceleration changes by making use of a triple differentiation of a displacement signal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/64Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/11Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/52Determining velocity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a speed and acceleration calculation method and a measurement device based on a regularization algorithm, belonging to the field of speed and acceleration calculation.
  • velocity and acceleration hardware devices such as piezoelectric, piezoresistive, and capacitive acceleration measurement devices, as well as GNSS-based velocity and acceleration hardware devices.
  • the working process of these types of measurement equipment is as follows: first, the original measurement data is obtained according to a certain sampling frequency and converted into equivalent position data or displacement data; then, the difference method can be used to calculate and output the velocity and acceleration.
  • acceleration hardware devices the displacement of the proof mass under the hardware mechanical framework is usually used, the response is calculated through the transformation function of the mechanical system, and then the inverse transformation is performed to output the speed and acceleration.
  • GNSS-based velocity and acceleration directly use GNSS position data to perform primary and secondary differential calculations of velocity and acceleration.
  • the existing position data or displacement data can be used to output the velocity and acceleration based on the difference method and the system transfer function combined with the inverse transformation method, the velocity and acceleration output by these methods still have the following defects.
  • the noise can be controlled, but the low sampling rate means the interval average, resulting in the distortion of the velocity and acceleration signals, refer to the velocity diagram in Figure 3 and the acceleration diagram in Figure 4;
  • the low sampling rate also means that the user does not get the velocity and acceleration signals between two samples, especially the instantaneous velocity and acceleration signal values.
  • the present invention provides a velocity and acceleration calculation method and a velocity and acceleration measurement device based on a regularization algorithm. Under the condition of high sampling rate, it greatly compresses the inherent problem of noise amplification, thereby ensuring the correctness of the output speed and acceleration signals, ensuring the correctness of the instantaneous speed and acceleration signals, and avoiding the speed and acceleration signals under the condition of low sampling rate. signal distortion problem.
  • the present invention provides a kind of speed and acceleration calculation method based on regularization algorithm, and its special feature is, comprises the following steps:
  • step 2) specifically includes:
  • y is the observed position data or displacement data
  • A is the discretization coefficient matrix
  • is the velocity or acceleration
  • is the random error of the observed position data or displacement data
  • step 2.2) is specifically:
  • W is the weight matrix of the position data or displacement data
  • is the regularization parameter
  • S is the positive definite semi-positive definite matrix
  • is determined by the minimum mean square error method.
  • the regularization method can also be: generalized cross-validation (GCV) method, L-curve method of residuals and quadratic norm of parameters, truncated singular value decomposition method with some minimum eigenvalues discarded, or L1L2 norm minimum method .
  • GCV generalized cross-validation
  • displacement data or position data are obtained by acceleration measurement equipment or GNSS measurements.
  • the present invention provides a speed and acceleration calculation device based on a regularization algorithm, comprising:
  • Module 1 used to obtain observation position data or displacement data
  • And module 2 It is used to calculate the velocity and acceleration by using the position data or displacement data using the regularization method.
  • the second module includes:
  • Discretization module used to discretize the integral equation of velocity or integral equation of acceleration, and obtain the matrix form of the linear discretized observation equation of velocity or acceleration (6)
  • y is the observed position data or displacement data
  • A is the discretization coefficient matrix
  • is the velocity or acceleration
  • is the random error of the observed position data or displacement data
  • Recovery module Using the regularization method, recover the velocity and acceleration ⁇ from the observed position data or displacement data y.
  • the recovery module is specifically: constructing the objective function (7),
  • W is the weight matrix of the position data or displacement data
  • is the regularization parameter
  • S is the positive definite semi-positive definite matrix
  • is determined by the minimum mean square error method.
  • the regularization method can also be: generalized cross-validation (GCV) method, L-curve method of residuals and quadratic norm of parameters, truncated singular value decomposition method with some minimum eigenvalues discarded, or L1L2 norm minimum method .
  • GCV generalized cross-validation
  • the present invention provides a velocity and acceleration measurement device based on a regularization algorithm, comprising a device for outputting position data or displacement data and any of the above computing devices.
  • the present invention provides a seismograph including the above-mentioned measuring device.
  • the present invention provides a vibration and impact sensor, including the above-mentioned measuring device.
  • the present invention provides an inertial measurement unit, including the above-mentioned measurement device.
  • the present invention provides a gravimeter, including the above-mentioned measuring device.
  • the present invention provides an AED instrument, including the above-mentioned measuring device.
  • the present invention provides an airbag deployment system, including the above-mentioned measuring device.
  • the present invention provides a footing board including the above-mentioned measuring device.
  • the present invention provides a free fall sensor, including the above-mentioned measuring device.
  • the present invention calculates the velocity and acceleration based on the position data or displacement data.
  • the acceleration problem is transformed into a typical Volterra first-type integral equation, and then the regularization method is used to suppress noise amplification and accurately extract the velocity and acceleration signal values.
  • Figure 1 is the 25 Hz velocity diagram calculated by the difference method
  • Figure 2 is the 25 Hz acceleration diagram calculated by the difference method
  • Figure 3 is a 1 Hz velocity diagram calculated by the difference method
  • Figure 4 is a 1 Hz acceleration diagram calculated by the difference method
  • Fig. 5 is the principle diagram of the speed and acceleration calculation method based on the regularization algorithm
  • Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the speed and acceleration calculation method based on the regularization algorithm
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of a speed and acceleration computing device based on a regularization algorithm
  • Fig. 8 is the 25 Hz velocity diagram calculated by the regularization algorithm
  • Figure 9 shows the 25 Hz acceleration plot calculated by the regularization algorithm.
  • Integral equation (2) is Volterra's first type of integral equation, which is a typical ill-posed problem, and the observation error is magnified.
  • the displacement of the inspection mass under the hardware mechanical framework at time t is obtained by subtracting r(t 0 ) from r(t), and v(t) is the speed of the inspection mass at time t.
  • the difference method or the transfer function combined with the inverse transform method will greatly amplify the noise of the displacement data or the position data, so that it is difficult to extract the correct velocity signal from the displacement data or the position data.
  • Integral equation (4) also belongs to Volterra's first type of integral equation, which is a typical ill-posed problem, and also has the problem of magnified observation error. The higher the sampling frequency, the more serious the error amplification, and even the acceleration signal is completely submerged in the amplified noise.
  • the corresponding integral equations are first discretized and the observation error is considered, and the discretized observation equation (5) is obtained.
  • y( t ) is the observed position data or displacement data
  • At is the discretization coefficient row vector
  • is the parameter to be estimated
  • ⁇ t is the random error of the position or displacement measurement.
  • is the velocity unknown vector
  • is the unknown vector of acceleration.
  • y is the observed position data or displacement data
  • A is the discretization coefficient matrix
  • is the velocity or acceleration
  • is the random error of the observed position data or displacement data.
  • the linearized observation equation (6) comes from Volterra's first-type integral equation, the coefficient matrix is ill-conditioned and will greatly amplify the observation random error with the increase of sampling frequency. Therefore, a regularization method is used to suppress noise amplification and accurately extract the velocity and acceleration signal values.
  • the corresponding optimization objective function (7) is as follows
  • the noise amplification can be suppressed and the velocity and acceleration signal values can be accurately extracted.
  • a method for calculating velocity and acceleration based on a regularization algorithm includes the following steps:
  • a method for calculating velocity and acceleration based on a regularization algorithm includes the following steps:
  • y is the observed position data or displacement data
  • A is the discretization coefficient matrix
  • is the velocity or acceleration
  • is the random error of the observed position data or displacement data
  • step 2.2 is optimized as:
  • W is the weight matrix of the position data or displacement data
  • is the regularization parameter
  • S is the positive definite semi-positive definite matrix
  • is determined by the minimum mean square error method, and can also be determined by experience or by other algorithms.
  • the regularization method can also use the generalized cross-validation (GCV) method, the L-curve method of the residuals and the quadratic norm of the parameters, the truncated singular value decomposition method of discarding some of the smallest eigenvalues, or the L1L2 norm minimum method.
  • GCV generalized cross-validation
  • a speed and acceleration calculation device based on a regularization algorithm including:
  • Module 1 used to obtain observation position data or displacement data
  • And module 2 It is used to calculate the velocity and acceleration by using the position data or displacement data using the regularization method.
  • the second module above is further optimized as:
  • Discretization module used to discretize the integral equation of velocity or integral equation of acceleration, and obtain the linear discretized observation equation of velocity or acceleration (6)
  • y is the observed position data or displacement data
  • A is the discretization coefficient matrix
  • is the velocity or acceleration
  • is the random error of the observed position data or displacement data
  • Recovery module Using the regularization method, recover the velocity and acceleration ⁇ from the observed position data or displacement data y.
  • the above recovery module is further optimized as:
  • W is the weight matrix of the position data or displacement data
  • is the regularization parameter
  • S is the positive definite semi-positive definite matrix
  • is determined by the minimum mean square error method.
  • GCV generalized cross-validation
  • a velocity and acceleration measurement device based on a regularization algorithm comprising a device for outputting position data or displacement data and the above-mentioned computing device.
  • the measurement device may be used in a seismometer, vibration and impact detection sensor or inertial measurement unit.
  • seismometers and vibration and impact detection sensors listed above, the present invention can also be applied to other devices that need to measure velocity and acceleration.
  • the invention firstly utilizes the 50 Hz GNSS pseudorange and phase observations of the station QLAI, adopts the GNSS precise single-point positioning method to calculate the 50 Hz position data of the station, and then uses the regularization algorithm to effectively and correctly extract the 25 Hz position data.
  • Velocity and acceleration signals both of which show a normal variation law, see Figure 8-a (velocity) and Figure 9-a (acceleration), respectively.
  • the invention firstly utilizes the 50 Hz GNSS pseudorange and phase observation of the station SCTQ, adopts the GNSS precise single-point positioning method to calculate the 50 Hz position data of the station, and then uses the regularization algorithm to effectively and correctly extract the 25 Hz position data.
  • Velocity and acceleration signals both of which show a normal variation law, see Figure 8-b (velocity) and Figure 9-b (acceleration), respectively.
  • the present invention firstly utilizes the 50 Hz GNSS pseudorange and phase observation data of the station YAAN, adopts the GNSS precise single-point positioning method to calculate and obtains the 50 Hz position data of the station, and then uses the regularization algorithm to effectively and correctly extract the 25 Hz position data.
  • Velocity and acceleration signals both of which show a normal variation law, see Figure 8-c (velocity) and Figure 9-c (acceleration), respectively.

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Abstract

一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,包括以下步骤:1)获取观测位置数据或位移数据;2)利用位置数据或位移数据采用正则化方法计算速度和加速度。解决现有速度与加速度测量设备在高采样率条件下,极大放大噪声的技术问题;把基于位置数据或位移数据计算速度和加速度的问题转化成为典型的Volterra第一类型积分方程,再利用正则化方法,从而抑制噪声放大,精准提取速度和加速度信号值。还公开一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置、一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度测量装置及其应用。

Description

一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法及测量装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法及测量装置,属于速度和加速度计算领域。
背景技术
目前,市面上有多种速度和加速度硬件设备,如压电式、压阻式和电容式等加速度测量设备以及基于全球导航卫星系统GNSS的速度和加速度硬件设备。这些种类的测量设备的工作过程为:首先,按照一定的采样频率获得原始测量数据并转换成等价的位置数据或位移数据;然后,利用差分法即可计算并输出速度和加速度。对于加速度硬件设备,通常是利用硬件机械框架下检验质量(proofmass)的位移,通过力学系统的转换函数变换计算响应再进行逆变换计算并输出速度和加速度。基于GNSS的速度和加速度则直接利用GNSS位置数据进行一次和二次差分计算速度和加速度。
虽然采用现有的由位置数据或位移数据基于差分法和系统转换函数结合逆变换法能够输出速度和加速度,但是采用这些方法所输出的速度和加速度还存在下列缺陷。
第一,基于位置数据或位移数据计算速度和加速度的问题转化为Volterra第一类型积分方程,是典型的不适定问题,随着采样率的提高,噪声将被极 大放大,导致速度、加速度信号全部淹没在噪声中,甚至输出的速度和加速度看上去全是噪声,难以从位置数据或位移数据中提取正确的速度和加速度信号,甚至没有正确的速度和加速度信号可言,参照图1的速度图以及图2的加速度图;利用GNSS得到的位置数据,计算运动体的速度和加速度信号,从图中可以看出:几乎全为噪声,信号都完全淹没在噪声中,运动体的速度和加速度都表现出瞬间乱高下变化,没有任何速度和加速度信号的规律表现出来。
其次,如果降低采样率,噪音得以控制,但是,低采样率意味着区间平均,导致速度、加速度信号失真,参照图3的速度图以及图4的加速度图;
最后,低采样率也意味着,用户得不到两个采样之间的速度和加速度信号,特别是瞬间速度和加速度信号值。
发明内容
为了解决上述速度与加速度测量设备所存在的问题,本发明提供一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法以及速度和加速度测量装置。在高采样率条件下,极大压缩噪声的放大固有问题,从而保证输出的速度和加速度信号的正确性,保证瞬间速度和加速度信号的正确性,也避免速度和加速度信号在低采样率条件下的信号失真问题。
本发明采用了如下的技术解决方案:
本发明提供一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,其特殊之处 在于,包括以下步骤:
1)获取观测位置数据或位移数据;
2)利用位置数据或位移数据采用正则化方法计算速度和加速度。
进一步限定,步骤2)具体包括:
2.1)把位置数据或位移数据表示为速度或加速度的积分方程,并对速度或加速度积分方程进行离散化处理,得到关于速度或加速度的线性离散化观测方程的矩阵形式(6)
y=Aβ+ε     (6)
其中:y为观测的位置数据或位移数据,A为离散化系数矩阵,β为速度或加速度,ε是观测位置数据或位移数据的随机误差;
2.2)利用正则化方法,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β。
进一步限定,步骤2.2)具体为:
构建目标函数(7)
min:F(β)=(y-Aβ) TW(y-Aβ)+κβ TSβ    (7)
其中:W为位置数据或位移数据的权矩阵,κ为正则化参数,S为正定半正定矩阵;
确定正则化参数κ,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β:
β=(A TWA+κS) -1A TWy。
进一步限定:κ采用均方误差最小方法确定。
进一步限定,正则化法还可以为:广义交叉验证(GCV)法、残差与参数二次范数的L曲线法、舍去部分最小特征值的截断奇异值分解法或L1L2范数最小法。
进一步限定,通过加速度测量设备或GNSS测量获得位移数据或位置数据。
本发明提供一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置,包括:
模块一:用于获取观测位置数据或位移数据;
和模块二:用于利用位置数据或位移数据采用正则化方法计算速度以及加速度。
进一步限定,所述模块二包括:
离散化模块:用于对速度积分方程或加速度积分方程进行离散化处理,得到关于速度或加速度的线性离散化观测方程的矩阵形式(6)
y=Aβ+ε    (6)
其中:y为观测的位置数据或位移数据,A离散化系数矩阵,β为速度或加速度,ε是观测位置数据或位移数据的随机误差;
恢复模块:利用正则化方法,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β。
进一步限定,所述恢复模块具体为:构建目标函数(7),
min:F(β)=(y-Aβ) TW(y-Aβ)+κβ TSβ    (7)
其中:W为位置数据或位移数据的权矩阵,κ为正则化参数,S为正定半正定矩阵;
确定正则化参数κ,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β:
β=(A TWA+κS) -1A TWy。
进一步限定,κ采用均方误差最小方法确定。
进一步限定,正则化法还可以为:广义交叉验证(GCV)法、残差与参数二次范数的L曲线法、舍去部分最小特征值的截断奇异值分解法或L1L2范数最小法。
本发明提供一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度测量装置,包括用于输出位置数据或位移数据的设备和上述的任一计算装置。
本发明提供一种地震仪,包括上述的测量装置。
本发明提供一种振动及撞击传感器,包括上述的测量装置。
本发明提供一种惯性测量单元,包括上述的测量装置。
本发明提供一种重力仪,包括上述的测量装置。
本发明提供一种AED仪,包括上述的测量装置。
本发明提供一种安全气囊展开系统,包括上述的测量装置。
本发明提供一种垫脚板,包括上述的测量装置。
本发明提供一种自由落体传感器,包括上述的测量装置。
本发明所具有的有益效果:
为了克服差分法、系统转换函数结合逆变换法的不适定性而引起的观测误差被极大放大的问题,避免速度和加速度信号完全淹没在噪声中,本发明把基于位置数据或位移数据计算速度和加速度的问题转化成为典型的Volterra第一类型积分方程,再利用正则化方法,从而抑制噪声放大,精准提取速度和加速度信号值。
附图说明
图1为差分法计算得到的25赫兹速度图;
图2为差分法计算得到的25赫兹加速度图;
图3为差分法计算得到的1赫兹速度图;
图4为差分法计算得到的1赫兹加速度图;
图5为基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法原理图;
图6为基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法流程图;
图7为基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置图;
图8为正则化算法计算得到的25赫兹速度图;
图9为正则化算法计算得到的25赫兹加速度图。
具体实施方式
具体的说,根据速度的物理定义,有微分方程
Figure PCTCN2021133196-appb-000001
式中,r(t)为时刻t的位置,v(t)为时刻t运动物体的速度。微分方程(1)可以等价地写成下列的速度积分方程
Figure PCTCN2021133196-appb-000002
式中,r(t 0)为初始时刻t 0的位置。积分方程(2)是Volterra第一类型积分方程,是典型的不适定问题,存在观测误差被放大的问题。加速度测量设备上,时刻t硬件机械框架下检验质量的位移由r(t)减去r(t 0)得到,v(t)为时刻t检验质量的速度。差分法或转换函数结合逆变换法将极大放大位移数据或位置数据的噪声,从而难以从位移数据或位置数据中提取正确的速度信号。
类似于速度微分方程(1),对于加速度也有相应的微分方程
Figure PCTCN2021133196-appb-000003
式中的a(t)是运动物体在时刻t的加速度。微分方程(3)的等价加速度积分方程为
Figure PCTCN2021133196-appb-000004
式中v(t 0)为初始时刻t 0的速度。积分方程(4)也属于Volterra第一类型积分方程,是典型的不适定问题,同样存在观测误差被放大的问题。采样频率越高,误差放大越严重,甚至于加速度信号完全淹没在放大了的噪声当中。
为了利用正则化方法,从位置或位移数据采样中获取正确的速度和加速度信号,首先离散化相应的积分方程并顾及观测误差,得离散化观测方程(5)
y(t)=A tβ+ε t      (5)
其中,y(t)是观测位置数据或位移数据,A t是离散化系数行向量,β是待估参数,ε t是位置或位移测量的随机误差。当离散化方程对应于速度积分方程(2)时,β为速度未知数向量。当离散化方程对应于加速度积分方程(4)时,β为加速度的未知数向量。记y为所有位置数据或位移数据的列向量,则离散化方程(5)的矩阵形式为
y=Aβ+ε      (6)
其中:y为观测的位置数据或位移数据,A为离散化系数矩阵,β为速度或加速度,ε是观测位置数据或位移数据的随机误差。
因为线性化观测方程(6)来自于Volterra第一类型积分方程,系数矩阵是病态的,将随采样频率的提高极大地放大观测随机误差。因此,采用正则化方法抑制噪声放大,精准提取速度和加速度信号值。其对应的最优化目标函数(7)如下
min:F(β)=(y-Aβ) TW(y-Aβ)+κβ TSβ    (7)
式中W为位置数据或位移数据的权矩阵,κ为正则化参数,S为正定半正定矩阵。最优化问题(7)的解可以写为(8)
β=(A TWA+κS) -1A TWy     (8)
通过选择恰当的正则化参数κ,从而达到抑制噪声放大,精准提取速度和加速 度信号值。
实施例1:
如图5所示,一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,包括以下步骤:
1)获取观测位置数据或位移数据;
2)利用位置数据或位移数据采用正则化方法计算速度以及加速度。
实施例2:
如图6所示,一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,包括以下步骤:
1)获取观测位置数据或位移数据:通过加速度测量设备或GNSS测量获得位移数据或位置数据。
2)利用位置数据或位移数据采用正则化方法计算速度以及加速度:
2.1)把位置数据或位移数据表示为速度或加速度的积分方程,并对速度或加速度积分方程进行离散化处理,得到关于速度或加速度的离散化观测方程的矩阵形式(6)
y=Aβ+ε     (6)
其中:y为观测的位置数据或位移数据,A为离散化系数矩阵,β为速度或加速度,ε是观测位置数据或位移数据的随机误差;
2.2)利用正则化方法,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和 加速度β。
上述步骤2.2)优化为:
构建目标函数(7)
min:F(β)=(y-Aβ) TW(y-Aβ)+κβ TSβ   (7)
其中:W为位置数据或位移数据的权矩阵,κ为正则化参数,S为正定半正定矩阵;
确定正则化参数κ,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β:
β=(A TWA+κS) -1A TWy
κ采用均方误差最小方法确定,也可以利用经验确定或采用其他算法确定。
正则化法还可以采用广义交叉验证(GCV)法、残差与参数二次范数的L曲线法、舍去部分最小特征值的截断奇异值分解法或L1L2范数最小法。
实施例3:
如图7所示,一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置,包括:
模块一:用于获取观测位置数据或位移数据;
和模块二:用于利用位置数据或位移数据采用正则化方法计算速度以及加速度。
实施例4:
上述模块二进一步优化为:
离散化模块:用于对速度积分方程或加速度积分方程进行离散化处理,得到关于速度或加速度的线性离散化观测方程(6)
y=Aβ+ε      (6)
其中:y为观测的位置数据或位移数据,A离散化系数矩阵,β为速度或加速度,ε是观测位置数据或位移数据的随机误差;
恢复模块:利用正则化方法,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β。
上述恢复模块进一步优化为:
构建目标函数(7)
min:F(β)=(y-Aβ) TW(y-Aβ)+κβ TSβ    (7)
其中:W为位置数据或位移数据的权矩阵,κ为正则化参数,S为正定半正定矩阵;
确定正则化参数κ,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β:
β=(A TWA+κS) -1A TWy
其中κ采用均方误差最小方法确定。
除了上面提到的正则化法之外,还可以采用广义交叉验证(GCV)法、残差与参数二次范数的L曲线法、舍去部分最小特征值的截断奇异值分解法或L1L2范数最小法。
实施例5:
一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度测量装置,包括用于输出位置数据或位移数据的设备和上述计算装置。
实施例6:
测量装置可以用于一种地震仪,振动及撞击检测传感器或惯性测量单元。当然除了上列所罗列的地震仪及振动及撞击检测传感器之外,本发明还可以应用于其他需要测量速度及加速度的设备上。
实施例7:
本发明首先利用台站QLAI的50赫兹GNSS伪距和相位观测量,采用GNSS精密单点定位法计算得到该台站50赫兹的位置数据,然后再采用正则化算法有效正确地提取了25赫兹的速度和加速度信号,速度和加速度信号都表现出正常的变化规律,分别参见图8-a(速度)和图9-a(加速度)。
比较差分法计算得到的速度图1-a和正则化算法计算得到的速度图8-a,可以看到,相同的采样频率下,差分法得到的最大速度比本发明得到的最大速度在东西,南北与上下方向分别大了约7.4倍,5.4倍和9.7倍。比较差分法计算得到的加速度图2-a和正则化算法计算得到的加速度图9-a,最大加速度比本发明得到的最大加速度在东西,南北与上下方向分别大了约390.4倍,366.4倍和910.8倍。
实施例8:
本发明首先利用台站SCTQ的50赫兹GNSS伪距和相位观测量,采用GNSS精密单点定位法计算得到该台站50赫兹的位置数据,然后再采用正则化算法有效正确地提取了25赫兹的速度和加速度信号,速度和加速度信号都表现出正常的变化规律,分别参见图8-b(速度)和图9-b(加速度)。
比较差分法计算得到的速度图1-b和正则化算法计算得到的速度图8-b,可以看到,相同的采样频率下,差分法得到的最大速度比本发明得到的最大速度在东西,南北与上下方向分别大了约7.2倍,3.6倍和13.4倍。比较差分法计算得到的加速度图2-b和正则化算法计算得到的加速度图9-b,最大加速度比本发明得到的最大加速度在东西,南北与上下方向分别大了约1977.2倍,2444.4倍和1606.0倍。
实施例9:
本发明首先利用台站YAAN的50赫兹GNSS伪距和相位观测量,采用GNSS精密单点定位法计算得到该台站50赫兹的位置数据,然后再采用正则化算法有效正确地提取了25赫兹的速度和加速度信号,速度和加速度信号都表现出正常的变化规律,分别参见图8-c(速度)和图9-c(加速度)。
比较差分法计算得到的速度图1-c和正则化算法计算得到的速度图8-c,可以看到,相同的采样频率下,差分法得到的最大速度比本发明得到的最大速度在东西,南北与上下方向分别大了约9.0倍,7.8倍和13.6倍。比较差分 法计算得到的加速度图2-c和正则化算法计算得到的加速度图9-c,最大加速度比本发明得到的最大加速度在东西,南北与上下方向分别大了约2095.5倍,1283.1倍和2122.7倍。
前面的实施例描述被提供用于阐释和描述的目的。其不旨在是无遗漏的或者限制该公开。特定实施例的独立元件或特征大致不限制于该特定实施例,而是在可应用之处可互换的并且可被用于选定的实施例,即使没有特别示出或描述。同样的项目可以许多方式变化。这样的变化不应被视为对本公开的背离,并且所有这样的更改旨在被包括在本公开的范畴内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    1)获取观测位置数据或位移数据;
    2)利用位置数据或位移数据采用正则化方法计算速度和加速度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,其特征在于,步骤2)具体包括:
    2.1)把位置数据或位移数据表示为速度或加速度的积分方程,并对速度或加速度积分方程进行离散化处理,得到关于速度或加速度的线性离散化观测方程的矩阵形式(6)
    y=Aβ+ε  (6)
    其中:y为观测的位置数据或位移数据,A为离散化系数矩阵,β为速度或加速度,ε是观测位置数据或位移数据的随机误差;
    2.2)利用正则化方法,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,其特征在于,步骤2.2)具体为:
    构建目标函数(7)
    min:F(β)=(y-Aβ) TW(y-Aβ)+κβ TSβ  (7)
    其中:W为位置数据或位移数据的权矩阵,κ为正则化参数,S为正定半正定矩阵;
    确定正则化参数κ,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β:
    β=(A TWA+κS) -1A TWy。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,其特征在于,κ采用均方误差最小方法确定。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,其特征在于:步骤2.2)中提到的正则化法为:广义交叉验证(GCV)法、残差与参数二次范数的L曲线法、舍去部分最小特征值的截断奇异值分解法或L1L2范数最小法。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算方法,其特征在于:通过加速度测量设备或GNSS测量获得位移数据或位置数据。
  7. 一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置,其特征在于包括:
    模块一:用于获取观测位置数据或位移数据;
    和模块二:用于利用位置数据或位移数据采用正则化方法计算速度以及加速度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置,其特征在于,所述模块二包括:
    离散化模块:用于对速度积分方程或加速度积分方程进行离散化处理,得到关于速度或加速度的线性离散化观测方程的矩阵形式(6)
    y=Aβ+ε  (6)
    其中:y为观测的位置数据或位移数据,A离散化系数矩阵,β为速度或加速度,ε是观测位置数据或位移数据的随机误差;
    恢复模块:利用正则化方法,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置,其特征在于,所述恢复模块具体为:构建目标函数(7),
    min:F(β)=(y-Aβ) TW(y-Aβ)+κβ TSβ  (7)
    其中:W为位置数据或位移数据的权矩阵,κ为正则化参数,S为正定半正定矩阵;
    确定正则化参数κ,从观测的位置数据或位移数据y中,恢复速度和加速度β:
    β=(A TWA+κS) -1A TWy。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置,其特征在于,κ采用均方误差最小方法确定。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的基于正则化算法的速度和加速度计算装置,其特征在于,正则化法为:广义交叉验证(GCV)法、残差与参数二次范数的L 曲线法、舍去部分最小特征值的截断奇异值分解法或L1L2范数最小法。
  12. 一种基于正则化算法的速度和加速度测量装置,包括用于输出位置数据或位移数据的设备和权利要求7-11之任一所述的计算装置。
  13. 基于正则化算法的速度和加速度测量装置在地震仪、惯性测量单元、重力仪、AED仪、安全气囊展开系统、垫脚板和自由落体传感器上的应用。
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