WO2022147732A1 - 电极组件、电池单体、电池及制造电极组件的方法和设备 - Google Patents

电极组件、电池单体、电池及制造电极组件的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022147732A1
WO2022147732A1 PCT/CN2021/070716 CN2021070716W WO2022147732A1 WO 2022147732 A1 WO2022147732 A1 WO 2022147732A1 CN 2021070716 W CN2021070716 W CN 2021070716W WO 2022147732 A1 WO2022147732 A1 WO 2022147732A1
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Prior art keywords
pole piece
segment
active material
material layer
sub
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PCT/CN2021/070716
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金海族
许虎
杜鑫鑫
李星
梁成都
曾毓群
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP21810882.7A priority Critical patent/EP4053960B1/en
Priority to JP2023514803A priority patent/JP2023541131A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/070716 priority patent/WO2022147732A1/zh
Priority to KR1020237006407A priority patent/KR20230042102A/ko
Priority to CN202180017077.8A priority patent/CN115176372A/zh
Priority to US17/717,736 priority patent/US20220246993A1/en
Publication of WO2022147732A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022147732A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to an electrode assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and a method and device for manufacturing the electrode assembly.
  • lithium-ion batteries are generally used in vehicles.
  • As a rechargeable battery lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of small size, high energy density, high power density, many cycles of use and long storage time.
  • the rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a second pole piece, a first pole piece and a separator.
  • Rechargeable batteries work primarily by the movement of metal ions between the second pole piece and the first pole piece.
  • Lithium precipitation is a common abnormal phenomenon in lithium batteries. Lithium ions that cannot be embedded in the negative electrode are caused by anomalies such as insufficient space for lithium intercalation in the negative electrode, excessive lithium ion migration resistance, and lithium ions detached from the positive electrode too quickly but cannot be embedded in the negative electrode in an equal amount. Only electrons can be obtained on the surface of the negative electrode, thereby forming the phenomenon of lithium element. Lithium precipitation will affect the charging efficiency and energy density of lithium ions. When lithium precipitation is serious, lithium crystals can also be formed, and lithium crystals can pierce the isolation film and cause thermal runaway of internal short circuits, which seriously endangers the safety of batteries.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an electrode assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and a method and apparatus for manufacturing the electrode assembly, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of lithium deposition.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrode assembly, comprising a first pole piece and a second pole piece, wherein the first pole piece and the second pole piece are wound along a winding direction to form a winding structure,
  • the winding structure includes a bending region;
  • the first pole piece includes a first section beyond the winding start end of the second pole piece, and at least a part of the first section is used to provide the first pole piece
  • the segments and the second pole segments provide support in the bend zone and at the portion outside the first segment.
  • the first pole piece includes the first section beyond the winding starting end of the second pole piece, and the first section can be the first pole piece and the second pole piece in the bending area and outside the first section. Partially provides a supporting force, so that the first pole piece and the second pole piece have a more compact part structure in the bending area, and the gap between the part of the first pole piece in the bending area and the part of the second pole piece in the bending area It is not easy to increase due to external force, reducing the occurrence of lithium precipitation.
  • the first pole piece further includes a second segment arranged continuously with the first segment along the winding direction, and a junction of the first segment and the second segment is located at the The inner side of the winding starting end of the second pole piece; at least a part of the first segment is supported on the inner side of the second segment in the bending area.
  • the junction of the first segment and the second segment is located on the inner side of the winding starting end of the second pole piece, the part of the first segment in the bending area can be supported on the inner side of the second segment, and the first segment is in the bending area.
  • the supporting force provided by the part of the bending area can be transmitted to the second segment first, and then transmitted to the second pole piece through the second segment, so that the first segment can bend the part of the first pole piece and the second pole piece in the bending area.
  • Parts of the fold zone produce better support.
  • the electrode assembly further includes an isolation film for isolating the first pole piece from the second pole piece; the part of the first segment in the bending region passes through the isolation film A membrane is supported on the inside of the second segment.
  • the isolation film plays the role of isolating the first pole piece and the second pole piece, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the part of the first section located in the bending area is supported on the inner side of the second section by the isolation film, the supporting force provided by the part of the first section in the bending area can be transmitted to the second section through the isolation film, and the isolation film can The portion at the bend zone is isolated from the portion of the second segment at the bend zone.
  • the second segment includes a first sub-segment arranged continuously with the first segment along the winding direction; the first sub-segment has only one side of the active material with the second pole piece
  • the layers are opposite to each other, and the first sub-segment is wound from the junction to the outside along the winding direction; The folded portion is supported on the first subsection within the folded region.
  • the bending part of the first segment is supported by the first sub-segment in the bending area, and the bending part is in a bent state in the bending area, which can produce a good supporting effect on the first sub-segment.
  • both sides of the first sub-segment are coated with an active material layer; or the side of the first sub-segment opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece is coated with an active material layer, so The other side of the first sub-segment is not coated with an active material layer.
  • both sides of the first subsection can be coated with active material layers, which can simplify the production process of the first pole piece and facilitate the molding of the first pole piece; it can also be the first subsection and the second pole piece.
  • the opposite side of the active material layer is coated with the active material layer, and the other side of the first subsection is not coated with the active material layer, which reduces the amount of the active material layer on the first pole piece and reduces the production cost of the first pole piece.
  • the second section further includes a second subsection and a third subsection; the first section, the first subsection, the second subsection and the third subsection are The winding directions are successively arranged in sequence; both sides of the second subsection are opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece; only one side of the third subsection is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece Opposite; wherein, the two sides of the third sub-segment are coated with an active material layer; or the opposite side of the third sub-segment and the active material layer of the second pole piece is coated with an active material layer, and the third sub-section is coated with an active material layer. The other side of the third sub-segment is not coated with the active material layer.
  • only one side of the third subsection is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece, and both sides of the third subsection may be coated with an active material layer, which can simplify the production process of the first pole piece and facilitate the first pole piece.
  • the pole piece is formed; it can also be that the opposite side of the third subsection and the active material layer of the second pole piece is coated with an active material layer, and the other side of the third subsection is not coated with an active material layer, reducing the first pole piece.
  • the amount of the active material layer on the chip reduces the production cost of the first pole piece.
  • the second segment further includes a fourth sub-segment; the first segment, the first sub-segment, the second sub-segment, the third sub-segment, and the fourth sub-segment
  • the segments are sequentially and continuously arranged along the winding direction; both sides of the fourth sub-segment are not opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece; both sides of the fourth sub-segment are coated with an active material layer, or The side of the fourth sub-segment located on the inner side thereof is coated with an active material layer, and the other side of the fourth sub-segment is not coated with an active material layer.
  • both sides of the fourth subsection are not opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece, and both sides of the fourth subsection may be coated with an active material layer, which can simplify the production process of the first pole piece.
  • the winding structure further includes a straight area, and both ends of the straight area are provided with the bending area; the winding starting end of the first pole piece is located in the straight area and/or, the winding start end of the second pole piece is located in the straight region.
  • the winding starting end of the first pole piece can be located in the straight area, and the winding starting end of the second pole piece can also be located in the straight area, so that the first pole piece and the second pole piece can be wound easily.
  • the first segment extends inwardly from the junction and wraps around one of the bend regions.
  • the first section extends inwardly from its junction with the second section and bypasses a bending area, that is, the first section can be that the first pole piece and the second pole piece are located in the bending area. part provides support.
  • the first section of this structure is shorter, saving material and reducing costs.
  • the winding starting end of the first pole piece and the winding starting end of the second pole piece are both located in the straight area; the two bending areas are located in the straight area The ends of the first pole piece in the first direction; the first pole piece extends from the winding starting end of the first pole piece to a bending area and the second pole piece extends from the second pole piece from the second pole piece
  • the parts of the winding starting end extending to the other bending region are staggered from each other in a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the straight region.
  • the first pole piece extends from the winding starting end of the first pole piece to the part of a bending area and the second pole piece extends from the winding starting end of the second pole piece to the part of another bending area. They are staggered from each other in the second direction.
  • This structure can effectively reduce the thickness difference between the two sides of the winding structure in the first direction, ensure the consistency of thicknesses on both sides of the winding structure in the first direction, and improve the The energy density of the electrode assembly.
  • the first segment extends inwardly from the junction and wraps around both of the bend regions.
  • the first section extends inward from its junction with the second section and bypasses the two bending areas, that is, the first section can be the first pole piece and the second pole piece located in the two bends.
  • the part in the area provides a supporting force, so that the parts of the first pole piece and the second pole piece in the two bending areas are more compact, and the occurrence of lithium precipitation is reduced.
  • the first pole piece is a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece is a positive pole piece
  • the first pole piece and the second pole piece are respectively the negative pole piece and the positive pole piece. Because the first section of the first pole piece exceeds the winding starting end of the second pole piece, the second pole piece is not related to the first pole piece. A section corresponding to a section, so that the first section is a part of the first pole piece that does not insert lithium, and the first section is not prone to lithium precipitation.
  • the portion of the first pole piece located outside the first segment in the bending region can be supported by the first segment, so that the radius of curvature of this portion is increased, and the innermost circle of the portion of the first pole piece with lithium intercalation is reduced In the bending area, the powder is removed (the active material layer falls off) due to the too small radius of curvature, resulting in the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • both sides of the first segment are coated with an anode active material layer.
  • both sides of the first section are coated with a negative electrode active material layer, so that the overall thickness of the first section is relatively thick and the supporting capacity of the first section is improved.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing and the electrode assembly provided by any embodiment of the first aspect;
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the housing.
  • the first section of the first pole piece in the electrode assembly can provide supporting force for the part of the first pole piece and the second pole piece in the bending area and the outside of the first section, so that the first pole piece and The part of the second pole piece in the bending area has a more compact structure, and the gap between the part of the first pole piece in the bending area and the part of the second pole piece in the bending area is not easily enlarged due to external force, reducing the The occurrence of the lithium phenomenon improves the safety of the battery cells and increases the service life of the battery cells.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a case and a battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect, where the battery cell is accommodated in the case.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery provided by any one of the embodiments of the third aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing an electrode assembly, including:
  • a pole piece includes a first section beyond the winding start end of the first pole piece, and at least a part of the first section is used to provide the first pole piece and the second pole piece in the bending area and The portion on the outside of the first segment provides support.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrode assembly manufacturing equipment, including a first providing device, a second providing device, and an assembling device; the first providing device is used to provide a first pole piece; the second providing device The device is used for providing the second pole piece; the assembling device is used for winding the first pole piece and the second pole piece along the winding direction to form a winding structure, and the winding structure includes a bending area; wherein , the first pole piece includes a first section beyond the winding start end of the first pole piece, and at least a part of the first section is used to provide the first pole piece and the second pole piece in the The portion of the bend zone and outside the first segment provides support.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module of the battery shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell of the battery module shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the first segment of the first pole piece shown in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged view of the first subsection and the second pole piece of the first electrode shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 9 is a partial enlarged view of the first subsection and the second pole piece of the first electrode provided by further embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged view of the third subsection and the second pole piece of the first electrode shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 11 is a partial enlarged view of the third subsection and the second pole piece of the first electrode provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 12 is a partial enlarged view of the fourth subsection and the second pole piece of the first electrode shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of electrode assemblies provided by further embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing apparatus of an electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • plural refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square-shaped battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the fluid, the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer was used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the number of positive tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), and the like.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a technical solution, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are in the bending area and located in the bending area through the first segment of the first pole piece beyond the winding starting end of the second pole piece
  • the outer part of the first segment provides a supporting force, so that the structure of the first pole piece and the second pole piece in the bending area is more compact, and the part of the first pole piece in the bending area and the second pole piece are in the bending area.
  • the gap between the parts is not easy to increase due to external force, which reduces the occurrence of lithium precipitation.
  • the electrical devices provided by the embodiments of the present application may be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, electric tools, and the like.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Electric toys of type or mobile type, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembling electric tools and railway electric tools, such as, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • the electric device is a vehicle as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with the battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom or the head or the rear of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 for controlling the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , eg, for starting, navigating, and running the vehicle 1000 for work power requirements.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead or partially instead of fuel or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a case body 10 and a battery cell 20 (not shown in FIG. 2 ), and the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the case body 10 .
  • the battery 100 there may be one battery cell 20 or a plurality of battery cells 20 . If there are a plurality of battery cells 20, the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole formed by the plurality of battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the plurality of battery cells 20 can also be connected in series first.
  • the battery modules 30 are formed in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a plurality of battery modules 30 are connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box body 10 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 30 of the battery 100 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • There are a plurality of battery cells 20 and the plurality of battery cells 20 are first connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module 30 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 30 are connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the housing 21 can provide a sealed environment for the electrode assembly 22, and the housing 21 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte.
  • the housing 211 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like.
  • the shape of the case 211 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the shell 211 can be selected as a cylindrical shell 21; if the electrode assembly 22 has a cuboid structure, the shell 211 can be selected as a cuboid shell 21.
  • the cover body 212 may also have various structures, for example, the cover body 212 is a plate-like structure, a hollow structure with one end open, and the like.
  • the casing 211 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the cover body 212 is a plate-like structure
  • the cover body 212 covers the opening at the top of the casing 211 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly 22 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 provided in this embodiment of the present application includes a first pole piece 221 and a second pole piece 222.
  • the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 are wound along the winding direction A to form a winding structure.
  • the winding structure includes Bending area 223;
  • the first pole piece 221 includes a first segment 2211 beyond the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222, and at least a part of the first segment 2211 is used for the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222
  • a supporting force is provided at the portion of the bending region 223 that is located outside the first segment 2211 .
  • the first segment 2211 can provide supporting force for the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 in the bending area 223 and at the outer side of the first segment 2211, so that the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 are in the bending region 223.
  • Part of the structure of the folded area 223 is more compact, and the gap between the part of the first pole piece 221 in the folded area 223 and the part of the second pole piece 222 in the folded area 223 is not easy to be increased due to external force, and the gap with the rolling needle
  • the contacted pole pieces are not easily displaced during the process of pulling out the winding needle, which reduces the occurrence of lithium precipitation.
  • the winding direction A is the direction in which the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 are wound circumferentially from the inside to the outside from the winding start end 225b thereof.
  • the clockwise direction is the winding direction A.
  • the first pole piece 221 has two ends, which are a winding start end 225a and a winding end end 226a; the winding start end 225a of the first pole piece 221 is the feed end of the first pole piece 221, that is, the first The pole piece 221 is at the free end of its innermost circle; the winding end 226a of the first pole piece 221 is the outermost free end of the first pole piece 221 .
  • the second pole piece 222 also has two ends, which are the winding start end 225b and the winding end end 226b, respectively.
  • the first segment 2211 of the first pole piece 221 may not be coated with the negative electrode active material layer 228 on both sides, or may be coated with a negative electrode on at least one side.
  • the active material layer 228, that is, the first segment 2211 of the first pole piece 221 may only have a negative electrode current collector, or may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer 228 coated on the negative electrode current collector.
  • the first pole piece 221 is a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece 222 is a positive pole piece.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the first segment 2211 of the first pole piece 221 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • Both sides of the first segment 2211 of the first pole piece 221 are coated with a negative electrode active material layer 228 , so that the overall thickness of the first segment 2211 is relatively thick, which improves the supporting capacity of the first segment 2211 .
  • the innermost pole piece of the electrode assembly 22 in the bending area 223 is generally the most bent, that is, the curvature radius of the innermost pole piece in the bending area 223 is the smallest, and the powder (active material) is removed. layer shedding) is the most likely. If the innermost pole piece is a negative pole piece, there is a risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the first pole piece 221 is a negative pole piece
  • the first section 2211 of the first pole piece 221 exceeds the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222, and at least a part of the first section 2211
  • the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 on the outside are located in the bending area 223 to provide support force.
  • the innermost pole piece of the electrode assembly 22 in the bending area 223 is the first section 2211, and the second pole piece
  • the sheet 222 does not have a part corresponding to the first segment 2211, and the first segment 2211 is the part of the first-stage sheet without lithium intercalation, even if the part of the first segment 2211 located in the bending area 223 is de-powdered due to the too small radius of curvature (the active material layer falls off), and the phenomenon of lithium precipitation is not easy to occur.
  • the portion of the first pole piece 221 located in the bending region 223 and outside the first segment 2211 can be supported by the first segment 2211, the radius of curvature of this portion increases, reducing the amount of lithium intercalation in the first pole piece 221.
  • the innermost ring of the part of 223 is de-powdered (the active material layer falls off) because the radius of curvature is too small, resulting in the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the first pole piece 221 further includes a second segment 2212 arranged continuously with the first segment 2211 along the winding direction A, and the junction of the first segment 2211 and the second segment 2212 ( The first junction a) is located inside the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222 . At least a part of the first section 2211 is supported on the inner side of the second section 2212 in the bending area 223 .
  • the second segment 2212 is the part of the first pole piece 221 where lithium is inserted. During charging, lithium ions are deintercalated from the second pole piece 222 and inserted into the second segment 2212. During discharging, lithium ions are deintercalated from the second segment 2212. and embedded in the second pole piece 222 .
  • the starting end of the first pole piece 221 is located in the flat area 224, and the first pole piece 221, the second pole piece 222 and the separator 227 are wound into a coil by a winding needle After the structure, there is friction between the winding needle and the first pole piece 221.
  • the winding needle drives the second segment 2212 located at the innermost part of the bending area 223. Part of the displacement occurs, causing the gap between the part of the second segment 2212 located at the innermost part of the bending region 223 and the second pole piece 222 to increase, and lithium precipitation is likely to occur during charging.
  • At least a part of the first section 2211 is supported on the inner side of the second section 2212 in the bending area 223 .
  • the rolling needle cannot easily drive the second section 2212 to the innermost position in the bending area 223 . Part of the displacement occurs, reducing the occurrence of lithium precipitation.
  • the part of the first segment 2211 is supported on the inner side of the second segment 2212 in the bending area 223, and the part of the first segment 2211 located in the bending area 223 may directly contact the second segment 2212 to support the second segment 2212.
  • the inner side of the second section 2212 it can also be that the part of the first section 2211 located in the bending area 223 is supported on the inner side of the second section 2212 through the isolation film 227, and the isolation film 227 can connect the part of the first section 2211 in the bending area 223 to the inner side of the second section 2212.
  • the second section 2212 is partially isolated in the bending area 223 , the part of the first section 2211 located in the bending area 223 is in contact with the isolation film 227 , the isolation film 227 is in contact with the second section 2212 , and the first section 2211 is in the bending area 223 Part of the supporting force provided may be transferred to the second segment 2212 through the isolation membrane 227 .
  • the portion of the first segment 2211 located in the bending region 223 is supported on the inner side of the second segment 2212 through the isolation film 227 .
  • the isolation film 227 extends beyond the winding start end 225 a of the first pole piece 221 , and the portion of the isolation film 227 beyond the winding start end 225 a of the first pole piece 221 is wound toward the inside of the first segment 2211 .
  • the second segment 2212 includes a first sub-segment 2212 a connected to the first segment 2211 along the winding direction A, that is, the first sub-segment 2212 a and the first segment 2211 meet. Only one side of the first sub-section 2212a is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222, and the first sub-section 2212a is wound outwardly along the winding direction A from the junction of the first sub-section 2212a; the first section 2211
  • the bending portion 2211a is arranged in the bending region 223 by bending, and the bending portion 2211a is supported on the first sub-section 2212a in the bending region 223 .
  • the bending portion 2211a is in a bent state in the bending region 223, which can produce a good supporting effect on the first sub-section 2212a.
  • the first junction a is located inside the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222 , there is no second pole piece 222 inside the first subsection 2212a , and only one side of the first subsection 2212a is active with the second pole piece 222
  • the material layers are opposite, that is, the inner side of the first sub-segment 2212a is not opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222, and the outer side of the first sub-segment 2212a and the active material layer of the adjacent second pole piece 222 located outside it The material layer is opposite.
  • the active material layer on the segment 2212a may be the negative electrode active material layer 228, the active material layer on the second pole piece 222 may be the positive electrode active material layer 229, and the other side of the first sub-segment 2212a is not coated with an active material layer, which may be The consumption of the active material layer on the first pole piece 221 is reduced, and the production cost of the first pole piece 221 is reduced.
  • lithium is de-intercalated between the active material layer on the inner side of the first sub-segment 2212a and the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 .
  • the active material layer on the first pole piece 221 is the negative electrode active material layer 228, then the active material layer on the outer side of the first subsection 2212a is the negative electrode active material layer 228; the active material layer on the second pole piece 222 The layer is the positive electrode active material layer 229 . Both sides of the second pole piece 222 from its winding start end 225b to its winding end end 226b are coated with a positive electrode active material layer 229 on both sides.
  • the second segment 2212 may further include a second sub-segment 2212b and a third sub-segment 2212c.
  • the first section 2211 , the first subsection 2212a , the second subsection 2212b and the third subsection 2212c are successively arranged in turn along the winding direction A; both sides of the second subsection 2212b are opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 ; Only one side of the third sub-section 2212c is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 .
  • the second subsection 2212b borders the first subsection 2212a
  • the third subsection 2212c borders the second subsection 2212b.
  • the intersection of the second subsection 2212b and the first subsection 2212a is the second intersection b
  • the intersection of the third subsection 2212c and the second subsection 2212b is the third intersection c. Since the first sub-segment 2212a is wound around the first sub-segment 2212a in the winding direction A from its junction with the first segment 2211, the second junction b is located outside the first junction a.
  • Both sides of the second subsection 2212b are coated with active material layers. Both sides of the second sub-segment 2212b are opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222, that is, the active material layer coated on the inner side of the second sub-segment 2212b and the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 located inside and adjacent to it The material layers are opposite to each other, and the active material layer coated on the outer side of the second sub-segment 2212b is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 located on the outer side and adjacent thereto.
  • the third subsection 2212c Only one side of the third subsection 2212c is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222, that is, the outer side of the third subsection 2212c is not opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222, and the outer side of the third subsection 2212c is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222.
  • the active material layers of the adjacent second pole pieces 222 located on the inner side thereof are opposite to each other.
  • the second pole piece 222 is not disposed on the outer side of the third sub-segment 2212 c , so that the outer side of the third sub-segment 2212 c is not opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 .
  • the active material layer of the third subsection 2212c may have various arrangement forms.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged view of the third subsection 2212c and the second pole piece 222 of the first electrode shown in FIG. 5.
  • the third subsection 2212c may be coated with an active material layer on both sides.
  • the active material layer can be the negative electrode active material layer 228; please refer to FIG. 11, FIG.
  • the second segment 2212 may further include a fourth sub-segment 2212d, the first segment 2211, the first sub-segment 2212a, the second sub-segment 2212b, the third sub-segment 2212c and the fourth
  • the sub-segments 2212d are successively arranged in turn along the winding direction A, and both sides of the fourth sub-segment 2212d are not opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 .
  • Neither side of the fourth subsection 2212d is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 , that is, neither the inner side nor the outer side of the fourth subsection 2212d is opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 .
  • the fourth sub-segment 2212d extends beyond the winding end 226b of the second pole piece 222 , so that both sides of the fourth sub-segment 2212d are not opposite to the active material layer of the second pole piece 222 .
  • the active material layer of the fourth subsection 2212d may have various arrangement forms.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial enlarged view of the fourth sub-section 2212d of the first electrode and the second pole piece 222 shown in FIG. 5, which may be that both sides of the fourth sub-section 2212d are coated with an active material layer , the active material layer can be the negative electrode active material layer 228;
  • FIG. 13 is a partial enlarged view of the fourth sub-section 2212d and the second pole piece 222 of the first electrode provided by some other embodiments of the application.
  • the fourth subsection 2212d is the ending section of the first pole piece 221, and the first pole piece 221 can end in the bending area 223, or can end in the straight area 224, that is, the fourth subsection 2212d can be located in the bending area 223, It can also be located in the flat region 224 .
  • the fourth sub-section 2212d is located in the bending region 223 .
  • the end of the fourth sub-section 2212d away from the third sub-section 2212c is the winding end 226a of the first pole piece 221 .
  • the separator 227 may extend beyond the winding tail end 226a of the first pole piece 221 and be wound in the winding direction A by a distance.
  • the value range of the length of the fourth subsection 2212d may be 3mm-15mm.
  • the junction between the first segment 2211 and the second segment 2212 may also be located inside the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222 .
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode assembly 22 provided in still other embodiments of the present application.
  • the junction of the first segment 2211 and the second segment 2212 may also be located outside the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222 .
  • the first segment 2211 is at least partially supported on the inner side of the second pole piece 222 in the bending region 223 .
  • first segment 2211 is at least partially supported on the inner side of the second pole piece 222 in the bending area 223, and the part of the first segment 2211 located in the bending area 223 may directly contact the second pole piece 222 to support On the inner side of the second pole piece 222; it can also be that the part of the first segment 2211 located in the bending region 223 is supported on the inner side of the second pole piece 222 through the isolation film 227, and the isolation film 227 can separate the first segment 2211 and the second pole piece 222.
  • the pieces 222 are isolated, and the part of the first segment 2211 located in the bending region 223 is in contact with the isolation film 227, and the isolation film 227 is in contact with the second pole piece 222 to realize force transmission.
  • the first pole piece 221 may be a positive pole piece or a negative pole piece.
  • the junction between the first segment 2211 and the second segment 2212 (the first junction a) is located inside the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222, or the first segment 2211 and the first segment 2212
  • the junction of the two segments 2212 (the first junction a) is located outside the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222 .
  • the winding starting end 225a of the first pole piece 221 can be located in the straight area 224 or in the bending area 223; the winding starting end 225b of the second pole piece 222 can be located in the straight area 224, or can be located in the bending area 223. within the bending region 223 .
  • At least a part of the first segment 2211 of the first pole piece 221 is used to provide support for the part of the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 located outside the first segment 2211 in the bending region 223
  • the force can be that the first section 2211 supports the pole pieces outside the first section 2211 only in one bending area 223, or the first section 2211 supports the pole pieces in two bending areas 223, depending on the length of the first segment 2211.
  • the length of the first segment 2211 is L1
  • the length of the first sub-segment 2212a is L2
  • the relational expression satisfied by L1 and L2 may be: 3mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 6*L2.
  • the winding starting end 225a of the first pole piece 221 and the winding starting end 225b of the second pole piece 222 are both located in the straight area 224 .
  • the first pole piece 221 extends from the winding starting end 225a of the first pole piece 221 to a portion of the bending region 223 and the second pole piece 222 extends from the winding starting end 225b of the second pole piece 222 to another bending portion. Portions of the regions 223 are staggered from each other in the second direction C.
  • the second direction C is perpendicular to the first direction B and the straight region 224 .
  • the part of the first pole piece 221 extending from the winding start end 225a of the first pole piece 221 to a bending area 223 is the first part 2211b, the first part 2211b is located in the straight area 224, and the first part 2211b borders the bending part 2211a,
  • the junction of the first portion 2211b and the bent portion 2211a is located at the junction of the straight region 224 and the bent region 223;
  • the second pole piece 222 extends from the winding start end 225b of the second pole piece 222 to another bent region 223
  • the part is the second part 2221, and the second part 2221 is located in the flat area 224.
  • the relational expression satisfied by L1 and L2 may be: 3mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 0.75*L2.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode assembly 22 provided by further embodiments of the present application.
  • the first pole piece 221 extends from the winding starting end 225a of the first pole piece 221 to a portion of the bending region 223 and the second pole piece 222 extends from the winding starting end 225b of the second pole piece 222 to another.
  • a portion of a bending region 223 at least partially overlaps in the second direction C, that is, the first portion 2211b and the second portion 2221 at least partially overlap, and the at least partial overlap here refers to the projection of the first portion 2211b in the second direction C and the first portion 2211b.
  • the projections of the two portions 2221 in the second direction C at least partially overlap.
  • the first section 2211 includes a plurality of bending portions 2211 a , some of which are located in one bending region 223 , and another portion of which is located in another bending region 223 .
  • the first segment 2211 includes two bending parts 2211 a, and the two bending parts 2211 a are located in the two bending regions 223 respectively.
  • the relational expression satisfied by L1 and L2 may be: 0.75*L2 ⁇ L1 ⁇ 1.25*L2.
  • the relational expression satisfied by L1 and L2 may be: 1.25*L2 ⁇ L1 ⁇ 6*L2.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing the electrode assembly 22 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the method for manufacturing the electrode assembly 22 includes:
  • the first pole piece 221 includes a first segment 2211 that extends beyond the winding start end 225a of the first pole piece 221, and at least a part of the first segment 2211 is used for bending the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222.
  • the area 223 and the portion outside the first segment 2211 provides support.
  • an isolation film 227 for isolating the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 is also provided, and the first pole piece 221 , the isolation film 227 and the second pole piece 222 are rolled along the winding direction A Wind and form a coiled structure.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing equipment 2000 of an electrode assembly 22 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes a first providing device 2100, a second providing device 2200, and an assembling device 2300.
  • the first pole piece 221 includes a first segment 2211 that extends beyond the winding start end 225a of the first pole piece 221, and at least a part of the first segment 2211 is used for bending the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222.
  • the area 223 and the portion outside the first segment 2211 provides support.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 2000 of the electrode assembly 22 further includes a third providing device (not shown in the figure), the third providing device is used to provide the isolation film 227 separating the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 , the assembling device 2300 is used for winding the first pole piece 221 , the isolation film 227 and the second pole piece 222 along the winding direction A to form a winding structure.
  • a third providing device is used to provide the isolation film 227 separating the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222
  • the assembling device 2300 is used for winding the first pole piece 221 , the isolation film 227 and the second pole piece 222 along the winding direction A to form a winding structure.

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Abstract

一种电极组件（22）、电池单体（20）、电池（100）及制造电极组件（22）的方法和设备（2000），属于电池技术领域，包括第一极片（221）和第二极片（222），第一极片（221）和第二极片（222）沿卷绕方向（A）卷绕并形成卷绕结构，卷绕结构包括弯折区（223）。第一极片（221）包括超出第二极片（222）的卷绕起始端（225b）的第一段（2211），第一段（2211）的至少一部分用于给第一极片（221）和第二极片（222）在弯折区（223）并位于第一段（2211）的外侧的部分提供支撑力，使得第一极片（221）和第二极片（222）在弯折区（223）结构更加紧凑，第一极片（221）在弯折区（223）的部分与第二极片（222）在弯折区（223）的部分之间的间隙不易因受到外力作用而增大，降低析锂现象的发生。

Description

电极组件、电池单体、电池及制造电极组件的方法和设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电极组件、电池单体、电池及制造电极组件的方法和设备。
背景技术
目前，车辆使用较多的电池一般是锂离子电池，锂离子电池作为一种可再充电电池，具有体积小、能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多和存储时间长等优点。
可再充电电池包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由第二极片、第一极片和隔离膜组成。可再充电电池主要依靠金属离子在第二极片和第一极片之间移动来工作。
析锂是锂电池一种常见的异常现象，由于负极嵌锂空间不足、锂离子迁移阻力过大、锂离子过快从正极脱离出但无法等量嵌入负极等异常引起的无法嵌入负极的锂离子只能在负极表面得到电子，从而形成锂单质的现象。析锂会影响锂离子的充电效率以及能量密度，析锂严重时还可以形成锂结晶，而锂结晶可以刺穿隔离膜从而导致内短路热失控，严重危害电池的安全。
因此，如何降低析锂，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电极组件、电池单体、电池及制造电极组件的方法和设备，可有效降低析锂现象的发生。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电极组件，包括第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片沿卷绕方向卷绕并形成卷绕结构，所述卷绕结构包括弯折区；所述第一极片包括超出所述第二极片的卷绕起始端的第一段，所述第一段的至少一部分用于给所述第一极片和所述第二极片在所述弯折区并位于所述第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
上述方案中，第一极片包括超出第二极片的卷绕起始端的第一段，第一段可为第一极片和第二极片在弯折区且位于第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力，使得第一极片和第二极片在弯折区的部分结构更加紧凑，第一极片在弯折区的部分与第二极片在弯折区的部分之间的间隙不易因受到外力作用而增大，降低析锂现象的发生。
在一些实施例中，所述第一极片还包括沿所述卷绕方向与所述第一段连续布置的第二段，所述第一段和所述第二段的交界处位于所述第二极片的卷绕起始端的内侧；所 述第一段至少一部分在所述弯折区支撑于所述第二段的内侧。
上述方案中，第一段和第二段的交界处位于第二极片的卷绕起始端的内侧，第一段在弯折区的部分可支撑于第二段的内侧，第一段在弯折区的部分提供的支撑力可先传递给第二段，再通过第二段传递给第二极片，使得第一段对第一极片在弯折区的部分和第二极片在弯折区的部分产生更好的支撑作用。
在一些实施例中，所述电极组件还包括用于将所述第一极片与所述第二极片隔离的隔离膜；所述第一段在所述弯折区的部分通过所述隔离膜支撑于所述第二段的内侧。
上述方案中，隔离膜起到隔离第一极片和第二极片的作用，降低第一极片与第二极片之间出现短路的风险。第一段位于弯折区的部分通过隔离膜支撑于第二段的内侧，第一段在弯折区的部分提供的支撑力可通过隔离膜传递给第二段，隔离膜可将第一段在弯折区的部分与第二段在弯折区的部分隔离。
在一些实施例中，所述第二段包括沿所述卷绕方向与所述第一段连续布置的第一子段；所述第一子段仅一面与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对，所述第一子段从所述交界处沿所述卷绕方向向外卷绕一圈；所述第一段包括弯折布置于所述弯折区的弯折部，所述弯折部在所述弯折区内支撑于所述第一子段。
上述方案中，第一段的弯折部在弯折区支撑于第一子段，弯折部在弯折区处于弯曲状态，对第一子段可产生很好的支撑效果。
在一些实施例中，所述第一子段的两面涂覆有活性物质层；或所述第一子段与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对的一面涂覆有活性物质层，所述第一子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层。
上述方案中，可以是第一子段的两面均涂覆有活性物质层，可简化第一极片的生产工艺，便于第一极片成型；也可以是第一子段与第二极片的活性物质层相对的一面涂覆有活性物质层，第一子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层，减少了第一极片上活性物质层的用量，降低第一极片的生产成本。
在一些实施例中，所述第二段还包括第二子段和第三子段；所述第一段、所述第一子段、所述第二子段和所述第三子段沿所述卷绕方向依次连续布置；所述第二子段的两面均与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对；所述第三子段仅一面与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对；其中，所述第三子段的两面涂覆有活性物质层；或所述第三子段与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对的一面涂覆有活性物质层，所述第三子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层。
上述方案中，第三子段仅一面与第二极片的活性物质层相对，可以是第三子段的两面均涂覆有活性物质层，可简化第一极片的生产工艺，便于第一极片成型；也可以是第三子段与第二极片的活性物质层相对的一面涂覆有活性物质层，第三子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层，减少了第一极片上活性物质层的用量，降低第一极片的生产成本。
在一些实施例中，所述第二段还包括第四子段；所述第一段、所述第一子段、所述第二子段、所述第三子段和所述第四子段沿所述卷绕方向依次连续布置；所述第四子段的两面均未与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对；所述第四子段的两面涂覆有活性物质 层，或所述第四子段位于其内侧的一面涂有活性物质层，所述第四子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层。
上述方案中，第四子段的两面均未与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对，可以是第四子段的两面均涂覆有活性物质层，可简化第一极片的生产工艺，便于第一极片成型；也可以是第四子段位于其内侧的一面涂覆有活性物质层，第四子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层，减少了第一极片上活性物质层的用量，降低第一极片的生产成本。
在一些实施例中，所述卷绕结构还包括平直区，所述平直区的两端均设有所述弯折区；所述第一极片的卷绕起始端位于所述平直区内；和/或，所述第二极片的卷绕起始端位于所述平直区内。
上述方案中，第一极片的卷绕起始端可以位于平直区内，第二极片的卷绕起始端也可以位于平直区内，以便于卷绕第一极片和第二极片。
在一些实施例中，所述第一段从所述交界处向内卷绕延伸并绕过一个所述弯折区。
上述方案中，第一段从其与第二段的交界处向内卷绕延伸并绕过一个弯折区，即第一段可为第一极片和第二极片位于该弯折区内的部分提供支撑力。这种结构的第一段较短，节省材料，降低成本。
在一些实施例中，所述第一极片的卷绕起始端和所述第二极片的卷绕起始端均位于所述平直区内；两个所述弯折区位于所述平直区在第一方向上的两端；所述第一极片从所述第一极片的卷绕起始端延伸至一个弯折区的部分与所述第二极片从所述第二极片的卷绕起始端延伸至另一个弯折区的部分在第二方向上相互错开；所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述平直区。
上述方案中，第一极片从第一极片的卷绕起始端延伸至一个弯折区的部分与第二极片从第二极片的卷绕起始端延伸至另一个弯折区的部分在第二方向上相互错开，这种结构可有效减小卷绕结构在第一方向上的两侧的厚度差，保证卷绕结构在第一方向上的两侧的厚度的一致性，提高了电极组件的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一段从所述交界处向内卷绕延伸并绕过两个所述弯折区。
上述方案中，第一段从其与第二段的交界处向内卷绕延伸并绕过两个弯折区，即第一段可为第一极片和第二极片位于两个弯折区内的部分提供支撑力，使得第一极片和第二极片在两个弯折区的部分结构更加紧凑，降低析锂现象的发生。
在一些实施例中，所述第一极片为负极极片，所述第二极片为正极极片。
上述方案中，第一极片和第二极片分别为负极极片和正极极片，由于第一极片的第一段超出第二极片的卷绕起始端，第二极片没有与第一段相对应的部分，使得第一段为第一极片不嵌锂的部分，第一段不易出现析锂的情况。此外，第一极片在弯折区且位于第一段的外侧的部分可被第一段撑起，使得该部分曲率半径增大，降低了第一极片有嵌锂的部分的最内圈在弯折区因曲率半径过小而脱粉(活性物质层脱落)，造成析锂的 风险。
在一些实施例中，所述第一段的两面均涂覆有负极活性物质层。
上述方案中，第一段的两面均涂覆有负极活性物质层，使得第一段整体厚度较厚，提高了第一段的支撑能力。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括外壳和第一方面任意一个实施例提供的电极组件；
所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内。
上述方案中，电极组件中的第一极片的第一段可为第一极片和第二极片在弯折区且位于第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力，使得第一极片和第二极片在弯折区的部分结构更加紧凑，第一极片在弯折区的部分与第二极片在弯折区的部分之间的间隙不易因受到外力作用而增大，降低析锂现象的发生，提高了电池单体的安全性，增长了电池单体的使用寿命。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括箱体和第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括第三方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种电极组件的制造方法，包括：
提供第一极片和第二极片；将所述第一极片和所述第二极片沿卷绕方向卷绕并形成卷绕结构，卷绕结构包括弯折区；其中，所述第一极片包括超出所述第一极片的卷绕起始端的第一段，所述第一段的至少一部分用于给所述第一极片和第二极片在所述弯折区并位于所述第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种电极组件的制造设备，包括第一提供装置、第二提供装置以及组装装置；所述第一提供装置用于提供第一极片；所述第二提供装置用于提供第二极片；所述组装装置用于将所述第一极片和所述第二极片沿卷绕方向卷绕并形成卷绕结构，卷绕结构包括弯折区；其中，所述第一极片包括超出所述第一极片的卷绕起始端的第一段，所述第一段的至少一部分用于给所述第一极片和第二极片在所述弯折区并位于所述第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为图2所示的电池的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示的电池模块的电池单体的爆炸图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图6为图5所示的电极组件展开后的结构示意图；
图7为图5所示的第一极片的第一段的局部放大图；
图8为图5所示的第一电极的第一子段和第二极片的局部放大图；
图9为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一电极的第一子段和第二极片的局部放大图；
图10为图5所示的第一电极的第三子段和第二极片的局部放大图；
图11为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一电极的第三子段和第二极片的局部放大图；
图12为图5所示的第一电极的第四子段和第二极片的局部放大图；
图13为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一电极的第四子段和第二极片的局部放大图；
图14为本申请又一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图15为本申请再一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图16为本申请另一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图17为本申请又另一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图18为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的制造方法的流程图；
图19为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的制造设备的示意性框图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：10-箱体；11-容纳部分；12-盖合部分；13-密封空间；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-壳体；212-盖体；213-密封腔室；22-电极组件；221-第一极片；2211-第一段；2211a-弯折部；2211b-第一部分；2212-第二 段；2212a-第一子段；2212b-第二子段；2212c-第三子段；2212d-第四子段；222-第二极片；2221-第二部分；223-弯折区；224-平直区；225a、225b-卷绕起始端；226a、226b-卷绕收尾端；227-隔离膜；228-负极活性物质层；229-正极活性物质层；30-电池模块；31-汇流部件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；2000-制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-组装装置；A-卷绕方向；B-第一方向；C-第二方向；a-第一交界处；b-第二交界处；c-第三交界处；d-第四交界处。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技 术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
对于锂离子电池而言，在充电时，锂离子从正极脱嵌并嵌入负极；在 放电时，锂离子从负极脱嵌并嵌入正极。锂离子电池在充电时，可能会发生一些异常情况而导致析锂，比如，负极嵌锂空间不足、锂离子迁移阻力过大、锂离子过快从正极脱离出但无法等量嵌入负极等异常引起的无法嵌入负极的锂离子只能在负极表面得到电子，从而形成锂单质的现象，即为析锂现象。
发明人发现电极组件在其弯折区容易发生析锂现象，经进一步研究发现，通过卷针将第一极片和第二极片卷绕成卷绕结构后，在拔出位于卷绕结构的卷芯位置的卷针的过程中，与卷针接触的极片在卷针的带动下发生位移，增大了第一极片在弯折区的部分与第二极片在弯折区的部分之间的间隙，在充电时，容易发生析锂现象。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种技术方案中，通过第一极片超出第二极片的卷绕起始端的第一段来给第一极片和第二极片在弯折区并位于第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力，使得第一极片和第二极片在弯折区的部分结构更加紧凑，第一极片在弯折区的部分与第二极片在弯折区的部分之间的间隙不易因受到外力作用而增大，降低析锂现象的发生。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
本申请实施例提供的用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。本申请实施例提供的电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20(图2未示出)，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。
箱体10用于容纳电池单体20，以为电池单体20提供密封环境。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括容纳部分11和盖合部分12，容纳部分11盖合于盖合部分12，容纳部分11和盖合部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的密封空间13。容纳部分11和盖合部分12可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，容纳部分11的开口侧盖合于盖合部分12的开口侧，则形成具有密封空间13的箱体10。当然，容纳部分11和盖合部分12可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块30，多个电池模块30再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，请参照图3，图3为图2所示的电池100的电池模块30的结构示意图。电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块30。多个电池模块30再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例，电池模块30中的多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件31实现电连接，以实现电池模块30中的多个电池单体20的并联或串联或混联。
请参照图4，图4为图3所示的电池模块30的电池单体20的爆炸图。本申请实施例提供的电池单体20包括外壳21和电极组件22，电极组件22容纳于外壳21内。
外壳21可为电极组件22提供密封环境，外壳21内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
需要说明的是，在电池单体20中，容纳于外壳21内的电极组件22可以是一个，也可以是多个。示例性的，在图4中，电极组件22为两个。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图4，外壳21可以包括壳体211和盖体212，壳体211为一侧开口的空心结构，盖体212盖合于壳体211的开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件22和电解质的密封腔室213。在组装电池单体20时，可先将电极组件22放入壳体211内，并向壳体211内填充电解质，再将盖体212盖合于壳体211的开口。
壳体211可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体211的形状可根据电极组件22的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件22为圆柱体结构，壳体211则可选用为圆柱体外壳21；若电极组件22为长方体结构，壳体211则可选用长方体外壳21。当然，盖体212也可以是多种结构，比如，盖体212为板状结构、一端开口的空心结构等。示例性的，在图4中，壳体211为长方体结构，盖体212为板状结构，盖体212盖合于壳体211顶部的开口处。
请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件22的结构示意图。本申请实施例提供的电极组件22包括第一极片221和第二极片222，第一极片221和第二极片222沿卷绕方向A卷绕并形成卷绕结构，卷绕结构包括弯折区223；第一极片221包括超出第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b的第一段2211，第一段2211的至少一部分用于给第一极片221和第二极片222在弯折区223并位于第一段2211的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
第一段2211可为第一极片221和第二极片222在弯折区223且位于第一段2211的外侧的部分提供支撑力，使得第一极片221和第二极片222在弯折区223的部分结构更加紧凑，第一极片221在弯折区223的部分与第二极片222在弯折区223的部分之间的间隙不易因受到外力作用而增大，与卷针接触的极片不易在拔出卷针的过程中发生位移，降低了析锂现象的发 生。
需要说明的是，卷绕方向A即为第一极片221和第二极片222从其卷绕起始端225b开始从内向外周向卷绕的方向。在图5中，顺时针方向即为卷绕方向A。
第一极片221具有两端，分别为卷绕起始端225a和卷绕收尾端226a；第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a即为第一极片221的入料端，也就是第一极片221在其最内圈的自由端；第一极片221的卷绕收尾端226a即为第一极片221在其最外侧的自由端。第二极片222也具有两端，分别为卷绕起始端225b和卷绕收尾端226b，第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b即为第二极片222的入料端，也就是第二极片222在其最内圈的自由端；第二极片222的卷绕收尾端226b即为第二极片222在其最外侧的自由端。
卷绕结构还包括平直区224，平直区224的两端均设有弯折区223。两个弯折区223在第一方向B上位于平直区224的两端。平直区224即为卷绕结构具有平直结构的区域，第一极片221位于平直区224内的部分和第二极片222位于平直区224内的部分均基本沿第一方向B布置。弯折区223即为卷绕结构具有弯折结构的区域，第一极片221位于弯折区223内的部分和第二极片222位于弯折区223内的部分均弯折分布。示例性的，第一极片221位于弯折区223内的部分和第二极片222位于弯折区223内的部分为圆弧形。
电极组件22还可以包括隔离膜227，隔离膜227将第一极片221与第二极片222隔离。隔离膜227具有绝缘性能，降低第一极片221与第二极片222之间出现短路的风险。隔离膜227的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6，图6为图5所示的电极组件22展开后的结构示意图。电极组件22可以包括两个隔离膜227，一个隔离膜227、第一极片221、另一个隔离膜227和第二极片222四者依次堆叠，四者堆叠后沿卷绕方向A(参见图5)卷绕则可形成卷绕结构。
在本申请实施例中，第一极片221与第二极片222的极性相反，可以是第一极片221为负极极片，第二极片222为正极极片；也可以是第一极片221为正极极片，第二极片222为负极极片。若第一极片221为正极极片， 第二极片222为负极极片，第一极片221的第一段2211可两面不涂覆正极活性物质层229，即第一极片221的第一段2211只有正极集流体，没有正极活性物质层229，降低析锂现象的发生。若第一极片221为负极极片，第二极片222为正极极片，第一极片221的第一段2211可两面不涂覆负极活性物质层228，也可以至少一面均涂覆负极活性物质层228，也就是说，第一极片221的第一段2211可以只有负极集流体，也可以包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体上负极活性物质层228。
在一些实施例中，第一极片221为负极极片，第二极片222为正极极片。请参照图7，图7为图5所示的第一极片221的第一段2211的局部放大图。第一极片221的第一段2211的两面均涂覆有负极活性物质层228，使得第一段2211整体厚度较厚，提高了第一段2211的支撑能力。
对于一般的电极组件22而言，电极组件22在弯折区223一般是最内侧的极片弯折程度最大，即在弯折区223最内侧的极片的曲率半径最小，脱粉(活性物质层脱落)的几率最大。若最内侧的极片为负极极片，容易出现析锂的风险。
而本实施例中，由于第一极片221为负极极片，且第一极片221的第一段2211超出第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b，且第一段2211部的至少一部分位于弯折区223内以向其外侧的第一极片221和第二极片222提供支撑力，电极组件22在弯折区223的最内侧的极片即为第一段2211，第二极片222没有与第一段2211相对应的部分，第一段2211为第一级片不嵌锂的部分，即使第一段2211位于弯折区223内的部分因曲率半径过小而导致脱粉(活性物质层脱落)，不易出现析锂的现象。此外，由于第一极片221在弯折区223且位于第一段2211的外侧的部分可被第一段2211撑起，使得该部分曲率半径增大，降低了第一极片221有嵌锂的部分的最内圈在弯折区223因曲率半径过小而脱粉(活性物质层脱落)，造成析锂的风险。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，第一极片221还包括沿卷绕方向A与第一段2211连续布置的第二段2212，第一段2211和第二段2212的交界处(第一交界处a)位于第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b的内侧。第一段2211至少一部分在弯折区223支撑于第二段2212的内侧。
第一段2211在弯折区223的部分提供的支撑力可先传递给第二段 2212，再通过第二段2212传递给第二极片222，使得第一段2211对第一极片221在弯折区223的部分和第二极片222在弯折区223的部分产生更好的支撑作用。
第二段2212为第一极片221有嵌锂的部分，在充电时，锂离子从第二极片222脱嵌并嵌入第二段2212，在放电时，锂离子从第二段2212脱嵌并嵌入第二极片222。
对于一般的电极组件22而言，第一极片221的入料起始端位于平直区224内，通过卷针将第一极片221、第二极片222和隔离膜227卷绕成卷绕结构后，卷针与第一极片221之间存在摩擦力，在拔出卷绕结构的卷芯的位置的卷针的过程中，卷针带动第二段2212位于弯折区223最内侧的部分发生位移，导致第二段2212位于弯折区223最内侧的部分与第二极片222的间隙增大，在充电时，容易出现析锂的现象。
而本实施例中，第一段2211至少一部分在弯折区223支撑于第二段2212的内侧，在拔出卷针的过程中，卷针不易带动第二段2212位于弯折区223最内侧的部分发生位移，降低了析锂现象的发生。
需要说明的是，第一段2211至少一部分在弯折区223支撑于第二段2212的内侧，可以是第一段2211位于弯折区223的部分直接与第二段2212接触，以支撑于第二段2212的内侧；也可以是第一段2211位于弯折区223的部分通过隔离膜227支撑于第二段2212的内侧，隔离膜227可将第一段2211在弯折区223的部分与第二段2212在弯折区223的部分隔离，第一段2211位于弯折区223的部分与隔离膜227接触，隔离膜227与第二段2212接触，第一段2211在弯折区223的部分提供的支撑力可通过隔离膜227传递给第二段2212。
示例性的，在图5中，第一段2211位于弯折区223的部分通过隔离膜227支撑于第二段2212的内侧。隔离膜227超出于第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a，隔离膜227超出第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a的部分向第一段2211的内侧卷绕。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，第二段2212包括沿卷绕方向A与第一段2211连接布置的第一子段2212a，即第一子段2212a与第一段2211交界。第一子段2212a仅一面与第二极片222的活性物质层相对，第一 子段2212a从其与第一段2211的交界处沿卷绕方向A向外卷绕一圈；第一段2211包括弯折布置于弯折区223的弯折部2211a，弯折部2211a在弯折区223内支撑于第一子段2212a。弯折部2211a在弯折区223处于弯曲状态，对第一子段2212a可产生很好的支撑效果。
其中，第一子段2212a与第一段2211的交界处即为第一交界处a。第一段2211位于弯折区223的部分为弯折部2211a。示例性的，弯折部2211a为圆弧形。
由于第一交界处a位于第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b的内侧，第一子段2212a的内侧没有第二极片222，第一子段2212a仅一面与第二极片222的活性物质层相对，即第一子段2212a的内侧面未与第二极片222的活性物质层相对，第一子段2212a的外侧面与位于其外侧的且相邻的第二极片222的活性物质层相对。
第一子段2212a的活性物质层可以有多种设置形式。例如，请参照图8，图8为图5所示的第一电极的第一子段2212a和第二极片222的局部放大图，可以是第一子段2212a的两面均涂覆有活性物质层，该活性物质层可以是负极活性物质层228，可简化第一极片221的生产工艺，便于第一极片221成型；请参照图9，图9为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一电极的第一子段2212a和第二极片222的局部放大图，也可以是第一子段2212a与第二极片222的活性物质层相对的一面涂覆有活性物质层，第一子段2212a上的活性物质层可以是负极活性物质层228，第二极片222上的活性物质层可以是正极活性物质层229，第一子段2212a的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层，可减少了第一极片221上活性物质层的用量，降低第一极片221的生产成本。
在充放电过程中，第一子段2212a的内侧面的活性物质层与第二极片222的活性物质层之间脱嵌锂。
示例性的，第一极片221上的活性物质层为负极活性物质层228，则第一子段2212a的外侧面的活性物质层为负极活性物质层228；第二极片222上的活性物质层为正极活性物质层229。第二极片222从其卷绕起始端225b到卷绕收尾端226b整段的双面均涂覆有正极活性物质层229。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，第二段2212还可以包括第二子 段2212b和第三子段2212c。第一段2211、第一子段2212a、第二子段2212b和第三子段2212c沿卷绕方向A依次连续布置；第二子段2212b的两面均与第二极片222的活性物质层相对；第三子段2212c仅一面与第二极片222的活性物质层相对。
其中，第二子段2212b与第一子段2212a交界，第三子段2212c与第二子段2212b交界。第二子段2212b与第一子段2212a的交界处为第二交界处b，第三子段2212c与第二子段2212b交界处为第三交界处c。由于第一子段2212a从其与第一段2211的交界处沿卷绕方向A向外卷绕一圈，则第二交界处b位于第一交界处a的外侧。
第二子段2212b的两面均涂覆有活性物质层。第二子段2212b的两面均与第二极片222的活性物质层相对，即第二子段2212b的内侧面涂覆的活性物质层与位于其内侧且相邻的第二极片222的活性物质层相对，第二子段2212b的外侧面涂覆的活性物质层与位于其外侧且相邻的第二极片222的活性物质层相对。在充放电过程中，第二子段2212b的内侧面涂覆的活性物质层与位于其内侧且相邻的第二极片222的活性物质层之间脱嵌锂，第二子段2212b的外侧面涂覆的活性物质层与位于其外侧且相邻的第二极片222的活性物质层之间脱嵌锂。
第三子段2212c仅一面与第二极片222的活性物质层相对，即第三子段2212c的外侧面未与第二极片222的活性物质层相对，第三子段2212c的外侧面与位于其内侧的且相邻的第二极片222的活性物质层相对。示例性的，如图5所示，第三子段2212c的外侧未设置有第二极片222，使得第三子段2212c的外侧面未与第二极片222的活性物质层相对。
第三子段2212c的活性物质层可以有多种设置形式。例如，请参照图10，图10为图5所示的第一电极的第三子段2212c和第二极片222的局部放大图，可以是第三子段2212c的两面涂覆有活性物质层，该活性物质层可以是负极活性物质层228；请参照图11，图11为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一电极的第三子段2212c和第二极片222的局部放大图，也可以是第三子段2212c与第二极片222的活性物质层相对的一面涂覆有活性物质层，第三子段2212c上的活性物质层可以是负极活性物质层228，第二极片222上的活性物质层可以是正极活性物质层229，第三子段2212c的另一面未涂 覆有活性物质层。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，第二段2212还可以包括第四子段2212d，第一段2211、第一子段2212a、第二子段2212b、第三子段2212c和第四子段2212d沿卷绕方向A依次连续布置，第四子段2212d的两面均未与第二极片222的活性物质层相对。
其中，第四子段2212d与第三子段2212c交界，第四子段2212d与第三子段2212c交界处为第四交界处d。
第四子段2212d的两面均未与第二极片222的活性物质层相对，即第四子段2212d的内侧面和外侧面均未与第二极片222的活性物质层相对。示例性的，第四子段2212d超出于第二极片222的卷绕收尾端226b，使得第四子段2212d的两面均未与第二极片222的活性物质层相对。
在第二极片222为负极极片的情况下，在第二极片222中设置超出于第二极片222的卷绕收尾端226b的第四子段2212d，可有效降低第一极片221收尾部分出现析锂现象的发生。
第四子段2212d的活性物质层可以有多种设置形式。例如，请参照图12，图12为图5所示的第一电极的第四子段2212d和第二极片222的局部放大图，可以是第四子段2212d的两面涂覆有活性物质层，该活性物质层可以是负极活性物质层228；请参照图13，图13为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一电极的第四子段2212d和第二极片222的局部放大图，第四子段2212d位于其内侧的一面涂有活性物质层，第四子段2212d的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层，即第四子段2212d的内侧面涂覆有活性物质层，第四子段2212d的外侧面未涂覆有活性物质层，第四子段2212d的活性物质层可以是负极活性物质层228。
第四子段2212d为第一极片221的收尾段，第一极片221可以收尾于弯折区223，也可以收尾于平直区224，即第四子段2212d可以位于弯折区223，也可以位于平直区224。示例性的，在图5中，第四子段2212d位于弯折区223。
第四子段2212d远离第三子段2212c的一端即为第一极片221的卷绕收尾端226a。隔离膜227可以超出第一极片221的卷绕收尾端226a并沿 卷绕方向A卷绕一段距离。
示例性的，第四子段2212d的长度的取值范围可以是3mm-15mm。
需要说明的是，由上述一些实施例可知，第一段2211和第二段2212的交界处(第一交界处a)也可以位于第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b的内侧。在另一些实施例中，请参照图14，图14为本申请又一些实施例提供的电极组件22的结构示意图。第一段2211和第二段2212的交界处(第一交界处a)也可以位于第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b的外侧。在这种情况下，第一段2211至少部分在弯折区223支撑于第二极片222的内侧。
需要说明的是，第一段2211至少部分在弯折区223支撑于第二极片222的内侧，可以是第一段2211位于弯折区223的部分直接与第二极片222接触，以支撑于第二极片222的内侧；也可以是第一段2211位于弯折区223的部分通过隔离膜227支撑于第二极片222的内侧，隔离膜227可将第一段2211和第二极片222隔离，第一段2211位于弯折区223的部分与隔离膜227接触，隔离膜227与第二极片222接触，以实现力的传递。
在本实施例中，第一极片221可以是正极极片也可以是负极极片。
在本申请实施例中，无论是第一段2211和第二段2212的交界处(第一交界处a)位于第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b的内侧，还是第一段2211和第二段2212的交界处(第一交界处a)位于第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b的外侧。第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a可以位于平直区224内，也可以位于弯折区223内；第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b可以位于平直区224内，也可以位于弯折区223内。
在本申请实施例中，第一极片221的第一段2211的至少一部分用于给第一极片221和第二极片222在弯折区223位于第一段2211的外侧的部分提供支撑力，可以是第一段2211只在一个弯折区223对第一段2211的外侧的极片进行支撑，也可以是第一段2211在两个弯折区223对极片进行支撑，这取决于第一段2211的长度。
在一些实施例中，第一段2211的长度为L1，第一子段2212a的长度为L2，L1和L2满足的关系式可以是：3mm≤L1≤6*L2。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，第一段2211从其与第二段2212 的交界处(第一交界处a)向内卷绕延伸并绕过一个弯折区223，即第一段2211只在一个弯折区223对极片进行支撑，第一段2211仅包括一个弯折部2211a。这种结构的第一段2211较短，节省材料，降低成本。
可选地，第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a和第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b均位于平直区224内。第一极片221从第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a延伸至一个弯折区223的部分与第二极片222从第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b延伸至另一个弯折区223的部分在第二方向C上相互错开。第二方向C垂直于第一方向B和平直区224。这种结构可有效减小卷绕结构在第一方向B上的两侧的厚度差，保证卷绕结构在第一方向B上的两侧的厚度的一致性，提高了电极组件22的能量密度。
第二方向C垂直于平直区224，可理解为第二方向C垂直于第一极片221和第二极片222位于平直区224内的部分，第二方向C即为卷绕结构的厚度方向，第二方向C也是第一极片221和第二极片222位于平直区224内的部分的厚度方向。
第一极片221从第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a延伸至一个弯折区223的部分为第一部分2211b，第一部分2211b位于平直区224，第一部分2211b与弯折部2211a交界，第一部分2211b与弯折部2211a的交界处位于平直区224与弯折区223的交界处；第二极片222从第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b延伸至另一个弯折区223的部分为第二部分2221，第二部分2221位于平直区224。
示例性的，L1和L2满足的关系式可以是：3mm≤L1＜0.75*L2。
在其他实施例中，请参照图15，图15为本申请再一些实施例提供的电极组件22的结构示意图。也可以是第一极片221从第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a延伸至一个弯折区223的部分与第二极片222从第二极片222的卷绕起始端225b延伸至另一个弯折区223的部分在第二方向C上至少部分重叠，即第一部分2211b与第二部分2221至少部分重叠，这里指的至少部分重叠为第一部分2211b在第二方向C上的投影与第二部分2221在第二方向C上的投影至少部分重叠。
在一些实施例中，请参照图16和图17所示，图16为本申请另一些实施例提供的电极组件22的结构示意图，图17为本申请又另一些实施例提 供的电极组件22的结构示意图。第一段2211从其与第二段2212的交界处(第一交界处a)向内卷绕延伸并绕过两个弯折区223，即第一段2211可在两个弯折区223对极片进行支撑，第一段2211可为第一极片221和第二极片222位于两个弯折区223内的部分提供支撑力，使得第一极片221和第二极片222在两个弯折区223的部分结构更加紧凑，降低析锂现象的发生。
在本实施例中，第一段2211包括多个弯折部2211a，一部分弯折部2211a位于一个弯折区223，另一部分弯折部2211a位于另一个弯折区223。
在一个非限制性例子中，如图16所示，第一段2211包括两个弯折部2211a，两个弯折部2211a分别位于两个弯折区223内。
示例性的，L1和L2满足的关系式可以是：0.75*L2≤L1＜1.25*L2。
在另一个非限制性例子中，如图17所示，第一段2211包括三个弯折部2211a，一个弯折部2211a位于一个弯折区223，另两个弯折部2211a位于另一个弯折区223。
示例性的，L1和L2满足的关系式可以是：1.25*L2≤L1≤6*L2。
请参照图18，图18为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件22的制造方法的流程图，电极组件22的制造方法包括：
S100：提供第一极片221和第二极片222；
S200：将第一极片221和第二极片222沿卷绕方向A卷绕并形成卷绕结构，卷绕结构包括弯折区223。
其中，第一极片221包括超出第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a的第一段2211，第一段2211的至少一部分用于给第一极片221和第二极片222在弯折区223并位于第一段2211的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
在一些实施例中，还提供用于将第一极片221和第二极片222隔离的隔离膜227，将第一极片221、隔离膜227和第二极片222沿卷绕方向A卷绕并形成卷绕结构。
通过上述电极组件22的制造方法制造出的电极组件22的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电极组件22。
请参照图19，图19为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件22的制造 设备2000的示意性框图，电极组件22包括第一提供装置2100、第二提供装置2200以及组装装置2300。
第一提供装置2100用于提供第一极片221。第二提供装置2200用于提供第二极片222。组装装置2300用于将第一极片221和第二极片222沿卷绕方向A卷绕并形成卷绕结构，卷绕结构包括弯折区223。
其中，第一极片221包括超出第一极片221的卷绕起始端225a的第一段2211，第一段2211的至少一部分用于给第一极片221和第二极片222在弯折区223并位于第一段2211的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
在一些实施例中，电极组件22的制造设备2000还包括第三提供装置(图未示出)，第三提供装置用于提供将第一极片221和第二极片222隔离的隔离膜227，组装装置2300用于将第一极片221、隔离膜227和第二极片222沿卷绕方向A卷绕并形成卷绕结构。
通过上述电极组件22的制造设备2000制造出的电极组件22的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电极组件22。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电极组件，包括第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片沿卷绕方向卷绕并形成卷绕结构，所述卷绕结构包括弯折区；
    所述第一极片包括超出所述第二极片的卷绕起始端的第一段，所述第一段的至少一部分用于给所述第一极片和所述第二极片在所述弯折区并位于所述第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一极片还包括沿所述卷绕方向与所述第一段连续布置的第二段，所述第一段和所述第二段的交界处位于所述第二极片的卷绕起始端的内侧；
    所述第一段至少一部分在所述弯折区支撑于所述第二段的内侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述电极组件还包括用于将所述第一极片与所述第二极片隔离的隔离膜；
    所述第一段在所述弯折区的部分通过所述隔离膜支撑于所述第二段的内侧。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二段包括沿所述卷绕方向与所述第一段连续布置的第一子段；
    所述第一子段仅一面与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对，所述第一子段从所述交界处沿所述卷绕方向向外卷绕一圈；
    所述第一段包括弯折布置于所述弯折区的弯折部，所述弯折部在所述弯折区内支撑于所述第一子段。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一子段的两面涂覆有活性物质层；或所述第一子段与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对的一面涂覆有活性物质层，所述第一子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二段还包括第二子段和第三子段；
    所述第一段、所述第一子段、所述第二子段和所述第三子段沿所述卷绕方向依次连续布置；
    所述第二子段的两面均与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对；
    所述第三子段仅一面与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对；
    其中，所述第三子段的两面涂覆有活性物质层；或所述第三子段与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对的一面涂覆有活性物质层，所述第三子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二段还包括第四子段；
    所述第一段、所述第一子段、所述第二子段、所述第三子段和所述第四子段沿所述卷绕方向依次连续布置；
    所述第四子段的两面均未与所述第二极片的活性物质层相对；
    所述第四子段的两面涂覆有活性物质层，或所述第四子段位于其内侧的一面涂有活性物质层，所述第四子段的另一面未涂覆有活性物质层。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的电极组件，其中，所述卷绕结构还包括平直区，所 述平直区的两端均设有所述弯折区；
    所述第一极片的卷绕起始端位于所述平直区内；和/或，所述第二极片的卷绕起始端位于所述平直区内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一段从所述交界处向内卷绕延伸并绕过一个所述弯折区。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一极片的卷绕起始端和所述第二极片的卷绕起始端均位于所述平直区内；
    两个所述弯折区位于所述平直区在第一方向上的两端；
    所述第一极片从所述第一极片的卷绕起始端延伸至一个弯折区的部分与所述第二极片从所述第二极片的卷绕起始端延伸至另一个弯折区的部分在第二方向上相互错开；
    所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述平直区。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一段从所述交界处向内卷绕延伸并绕过两个所述弯折区。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一极片为负极极片，所述第二极片为正极极片。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一段的两面均涂覆有负极活性物质层。
  14. 一种电池单体，包括外壳和根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的电极组件；
    所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内。
  15. 一种电池，包括箱体和根据权利要求14所述的电池单体；
    所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
  16. 一种用电设备，包括权利要求15所述的电池。
  17. 一种电极组件的制造方法，包括：
    提供第一极片和第二极片；
    将所述第一极片和所述第二极片沿卷绕方向卷绕并形成卷绕结构，卷绕结构包括弯折区；
    其中，所述第一极片包括超出所述第一极片的卷绕起始端的第一段，所述第一段的至少一部分用于给所述第一极片和第二极片在所述弯折区并位于所述第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
  18. 一种电极组件的制造设备，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供第一极片；
    第二提供装置，用于提供第二极片；以及
    组装装置，用于将所述第一极片和所述第二极片沿卷绕方向卷绕并形成卷绕结构，卷绕结构包括弯折区；
    其中，所述第一极片包括超出所述第一极片的卷绕起始端的第一段，所述第一段的至少一部分用于给所述第一极片和第二极片在所述弯折区并位于所述第一段的外侧的部分提供支撑力。
PCT/CN2021/070716 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 电极组件、电池单体、电池及制造电极组件的方法和设备 WO2022147732A1 (zh)

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CN205882099U (zh) * 2016-08-01 2017-01-11 宁德新能源科技有限公司 卷绕式电芯
CN207572477U (zh) * 2017-12-12 2018-07-03 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电极组件和二次电池

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