WO2022146188A1 - Трубчатый твердооксидный топливный элемент с катодным коллектором и способ его формирования - Google Patents
Трубчатый твердооксидный топливный элемент с катодным коллектором и способ его формирования Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022146188A1 WO2022146188A1 PCT/RU2021/000618 RU2021000618W WO2022146188A1 WO 2022146188 A1 WO2022146188 A1 WO 2022146188A1 RU 2021000618 W RU2021000618 W RU 2021000618W WO 2022146188 A1 WO2022146188 A1 WO 2022146188A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- cathode electrode
- current collector
- tubular
- powder
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/122—Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
- H01M4/8885—Sintering or firing
- H01M4/8889—Cosintering or cofiring of a catalytic active layer with another type of layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/002—Shape, form of a fuel cell
- H01M8/004—Cylindrical, tubular or wound
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
- H01M8/0252—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form tubular
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8689—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electrochemical current sources, more precisely to high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) of a tubular design with an anode supporting electrode, in particular to microtubular SOFCs, and is intended to create single tubular SOFCs with an efficient cathode current collector for subsequent switching of fuel cells in a battery .
- SOFCs solid oxide fuel cells
- tubular and microtubular SOFCs Much attention is paid to tubular and microtubular SOFCs, since this design, in comparison with planar SOFCs, makes it possible to simplify the sealing of cells in a battery, reduce material consumption by eliminating metal bipolar plates, and also significantly reduce the battery heating time to operating temperature from hours to several hours. minutes.
- tubular SOFCs the problems associated with the organization of effective current collections at the cell electrodes and the switching of cells in the battery come to the fore, since the lengths of the electric current propagation paths increase significantly. For the considered tubular SOFCs with an anode supporting electrode, this problem is reduced to finding a way to organize an efficient cathode current collector, which is what this invention is aimed at.
- the technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of the design by reducing the consumption of materials, as well as by reducing electrical losses, increasing the power density of single tubular SOFCs, while simplifying the manufacturing process of single cells.
- the tubular solid oxide fuel cell includes an anode electrode, an electrolyte, a cathode electrode with a cathode current collector, while the cathode current collector is made of a material based on a metal powder and/or a powder of metal oxides and/or intermetallic compounds, in the form of at least one strip deposited on the surface of the outer side of the cathode electrode, or on the inner side of the cathode electrode facing the electrolyte.
- the strip of the cathode collector has a porous structure with a volumetric porosity of 10 - 70% and is inseparably connected with the surface on which it is deposited.
- the strip (conductive bus) is electrically and mechanically connected to the cathode electrode.
- a material based on metal powder with a melting temperature higher than the operating temperature of SOFC is selected, for example, an alloy of silver or other noble metals with platinum and/or palladium, which makes it possible to reduce the degradation rate of the current collector.
- a binder and/or a dispersant can be used, as well as, for example, sintering additives that increase the adhesion and sintering of metal powder particles with a cathode electrode structure layer.
- the structure of the cathode electrode in the context of this application includes, if any, functional layers (buffer, barrier, etc.) placed between the electrolyte and the cathode electrode itself, including the cathode electrode layer.
- functional layers buffer, barrier, etc.
- Intermetallic compounds are used mainly with high electronic conductivity.
- the current collector can be located on SOFC along the cathode electrode in a straight line or in a spiral in the form of, for example, a continuous strip. Also, the current collector can be made in the form of rings with jumpers between them.
- a powder with an average particle size of 0.5-50 ⁇ m is used as the basis of the material of the cathode current collector.
- a method for forming a current collector of a tubular SOFC consists in preparing a composition based on metal powder and/or powder of metal oxides and/or intermetallic compounds with an average particle size of 0.5-50 ⁇ m, which is applied in the form of at least one strip on the surface (external or internal) of the cathode electrode or on the surface of the cathode layer adjacent to it, facing the cathode electrode, or is applied together with the cathode electrode, after which the tubular SOFC with the applied current collector is annealed at the cathode electrode sintering temperature (about 900-1200°C).
- Sintering additives based on compounds of titanium, tungsten, copper, vanadium, manganese or bismuth can be introduced into the composition based on metal powder and/or powder of metal oxides and/or intermetallic compounds.
- the composition may be a paste containing a binder and/or a dispersant.
- the volume ratio of powder to binder in the paste can range from 2:1 to 3:1, and the volume fraction of dispersant in the paste is typically 0.5% to 3%.
- the paste is applied by extrusion using a flexible-tip syringe with an angled, open end.
- the claimed invention is illustrated by graphic materials.
- FIG. Figure 1 shows a schematic design of a tubular SOFC with a cathode current collector.
- FIG. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the process of applying strips of a cathode current collector (conductive busbars) onto tubular SOFCs.
- FIG. Figure 3 shows a micrograph of the cross section of a tubular SOFC with a cathode current collector.
- FIG. Figure 4 shows the current-voltage and watt-ampere curves of individual tubular SOFCs with and without a cathode current collector, operating temperature 750°C, hydrogen flow rate 240 ml/min, air flow rate 480 ml/min.
- the tubular SOFC in addition to the basic components, such as the supporting anode tubular electrode 1, the solid electrolyte 2, and the cathode electrode 3, contains a cathode current collector 4, which is one or more, mainly longitudinal current-carrying tires.
- cathode current collectors consisting of at least one longitudinal current-carrying busbar sintered on the surface of the cathode electrode.
- cathode current collectors are applied uniformly in the form of a continuous strip/track on the surface of the cathode electrode or one of the cathode layers (if any, in the preferred version).
- Tracks are applied from a material based on metal powder and/or powder of metal oxides and/or intermetallic compounds.
- the composition of the material as a rule, also includes a binder and a dispersant.
- sintering additives are additionally introduced and a paste is prepared for applying the tracks.
- the application process is automated.
- Fig. 2 The scheme of the process of applying current-carrying tires on the surface of the cathode electrode is shown in Fig. 2.
- the stepper motor 5 rotates the spiral shaft 6, on which the pusher 7 is fixed, which leads to a smooth and controlled movement of the piston 8 to extrude the paste from the syringe 9. All of the above nodes are fixed on the bracket 10, which moves on the platform I. Paste along the flexible tip 12 it is squeezed out in the form of a conductive path 13 onto the surface of the cathode electrode of the tubular SOFC 14. In this case, the current collector (bus) is applied, as a rule, to the outer surface of the cathode electrode.
- the current collector on the inner side of the cathode electrode: either directly on the inner surface of the cathode electrode, or on the surface of the layer adjacent to it.
- a layer can be, for example, a solid electrolyte or one of the cathode functional layers (buffer, barrier).
- co-deposit the material of the current collector with the material of the cathode electrode for example, by simultaneous deposition from two nozzles, one of which forms a tire, the other - the structure of the cathode electrode.
- the cathode current collector is inseparably connected with the surface on which it is deposited. This co-bonding is achieved by the fact that the deposited cathode collector is sintered together with the layer on which it is placed or with the layers between which it is placed during the manufacturing process involving annealing.
- the cathode current collector in the form of a busbar in the preferred embodiment consists of an alloy of silver with platinum or palladium, with a silver content of 50 to 95%.
- Silver is a material with high electrical conductivity and satisfactory oxidation resistance, however, it is characterized by a high tendency to migrate and evaporate at SOFC operating temperatures in the range of 700-850°C, which can lead to SOFC degradation during long-term operation. Therefore, silver alloys with platinum or palladium are used to make conductive busbars to stabilize the silver and increase the melting point of the alloy.
- the material of the cathode current collector may be a paste which is applied in a thin, preferably uniform, layer prior to annealing.
- the cathode current collector may be a rod or a soft tape, previously made from a paste or powder with the addition of a binder.
- sintering additives in the composition of the cathode collector material, for example, such as TiH 2 , CuO, Bi 2 O 3 , V2O5, WO3, MnO, etc.
- the deposition of the cathode collector strip on the outer surface of the cathode electrode is carried out from a material in the form of a paste containing powder of a silver alloy with palladium, a binder and a dispersant.
- the silver alloy powder has an average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- Glycerin, terpineol, ethylene glycol, toluene, solutions of polyvinyl butyral and methylcellulose, as well as similar carriers, can be used as a binder.
- Dispersing agents such as DISPERBYK-111 can be used as a dispersant.
- a sintering additive is introduced into the paste.
- the volume ratio of silver alloy powder and binder in the paste is in the range of 2:1 to 3:1.
- the volume fraction of the dispersant in the paste is from 0.5 to 3%.
- the mass fraction of the sintering additive is from 0.5-2.5%, relative to the mass of the silver alloy powder in the paste.
- the components for the preparation of the paste are mixed homogeneously, for example in a centrifugal mixer or ball mill, after which the paste is degassed.
- the prepared paste is loaded into a syringe for applying a strip (conductive busbar) of the cathode current collector.
- Applying a strip of a current cathode collector (conductive bus) to the surface of the cathode electrode of tubular SOFCs is carried out by extruding the paste from a syringe with the syringe moving along the longitudinal axis of the tubular SOFC, including the tip of the syringe can be flexible to level out differences in height from the surface of the cathode electrode to the needle of the syringe determined by the uneven surface of the tubular SOFC.
- the angular cut of the flexible tip forms the height of the gap for the supply of paste from 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
- cathode collector strip it is possible to apply a cathode collector strip by screen printing or by dipping a small surface into a paste along the generatrix of a tubular SOFC.
- the paste is brought into contact with the surface of the cathode electrode of the tubular SOFC.
- At least one cathode collector (conductive bus) is applied to each tubular SOFC.
- the number of conductive strips (busbars) depends on the diameter of the tubular SOFC, the optimal distance between the cathode collectors on one tubular SOFC, measured along the length of the arc between the cathode collectors in the SOFC cross section, as a rule, lies in the range from 3 to 10 mm.
- tubular SOFCs are annealed to sinter cathode current collectors at a temperature of 900 to 1200 °C.
- the present invention it is possible to apply current-carrying busbars to a green cathode electrode and then co-sinter the cathode electrode and the cathode current collector. Sintering is carried out at the sintering temperature of the cathode electrode, usually at a temperature of 900-1200°C.
- the sintered current collector in the manufactured sample according to the present invention is characterized by a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, a width of 0.5 to 2.0 mm, and a porosity of 10 to 70% (FIG. 3).
- the high porosity of the busbars firstly, provides compensation for the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials of the cathode electrode and the current collector, which is necessary to prevent current collector peeling during the operation of tubular SOFCs as part of an electrochemical generator (ECG) and to achieve high heating and cooling rates of the ECG, and secondly, it ensures the gas permeability of the oxidizer (oxygen) to the surface of the cathode electrode.
- the cathode current collector provides efficient distribution of current density over the entire surface of the cathode electrode and reduces ohmic losses during current propagation along the cathode electrode, which provides a multiple increase in the specific characteristics of tubular SOFCs (Fig. 4).
- the claimed technical solution makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the design by reducing the consumption of materials, as well as by reducing electrical losses, increasing the specific power of single tubular SOFCs, while simplifying the technological process for manufacturing single cells.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020237025520A KR20230134506A (ko) | 2020-12-30 | 2021-12-29 | 캐소드 집전체를 구비하는 관형 고체 산화물 연료 전지및 이를 형성하는 방법 |
EP21915938.1A EP4273971A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2021-12-29 | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell with a cathode collector and method for forming same |
MX2023007916A MX2023007916A (es) | 2020-12-30 | 2021-12-29 | Sofc tubular con colector de corriente de catodo y metodo para formar colector de combustible de catodo. |
CN202180074899.XA CN116508181A (zh) | 2020-12-30 | 2021-12-29 | 具有阴极集流体的管状固体氧化物燃料电池及其形成方法 |
ZA2023/07162A ZA202307162B (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2023-07-17 | Tubular sofc with cathode current collector and method for forming cathode fuel collector |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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RU2020144070 | 2020-12-30 | ||
RU2020144070A RU2754352C1 (ru) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Трубчатый тотэ с катодным токовым коллектором и способ формирования катодного топливного коллектора |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2022146188A1 true WO2022146188A1 (ru) | 2022-07-07 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/RU2021/000618 WO2022146188A1 (ru) | 2020-12-30 | 2021-12-29 | Трубчатый твердооксидный топливный элемент с катодным коллектором и способ его формирования |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4273971A1 (ru) |
KR (1) | KR20230134506A (ru) |
CN (1) | CN116508181A (ru) |
MX (1) | MX2023007916A (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2754352C1 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2022146188A1 (ru) |
ZA (1) | ZA202307162B (ru) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2023128807A1 (ru) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-06 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-исследовательский центр "ТОПАЗ" (ООО "НИЦ "ТОПАЗ") | Трубчатый твердооксидный топливный элемент и способ его изготовления |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030148160A1 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-08-07 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack and method of fabricating the same |
US20050214613A1 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2005-09-29 | Partho Sarkar | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack |
EP1760818A2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-03-07 | Alberta Research Council, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US20090214919A1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2009-08-27 | National Institute Of Adv Industrial Sci And Tech | Electrochemical reactor bundles, stacks, and electrochemical reactor systems consisting of these components |
US7887975B2 (en) | 2007-03-07 | 2011-02-15 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Clad copper wire having environmentally isolating alloy |
US8343689B2 (en) | 2003-11-17 | 2013-01-01 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell with improved current collection |
US9190672B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-11-17 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell including external current collector with plurality of connection portions |
RU196629U1 (ru) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-03-10 | Публичное акционерное общество "КАМАЗ" | Мембранно-электродный блок твердооксидного топливного элемента с контактными слоями |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2236069C1 (ru) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-09-10 | Мятиев Ата Атаевич | Электрод-электролитная пара на основе окиси висмута, способ ее изготовления и органогель |
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 RU RU2020144070A patent/RU2754352C1/ru active
-
2021
- 2021-12-29 KR KR1020237025520A patent/KR20230134506A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2021-12-29 CN CN202180074899.XA patent/CN116508181A/zh active Pending
- 2021-12-29 EP EP21915938.1A patent/EP4273971A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-29 MX MX2023007916A patent/MX2023007916A/es unknown
- 2021-12-29 WO PCT/RU2021/000618 patent/WO2022146188A1/ru active Application Filing
-
2023
- 2023-07-17 ZA ZA2023/07162A patent/ZA202307162B/en unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030148160A1 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-08-07 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack and method of fabricating the same |
US20050214613A1 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2005-09-29 | Partho Sarkar | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack |
US7736772B2 (en) | 2002-02-14 | 2010-06-15 | Alberta Research Council, Inc. | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack |
EP1760818A2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-03-07 | Alberta Research Council, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US8343689B2 (en) | 2003-11-17 | 2013-01-01 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell with improved current collection |
US7887975B2 (en) | 2007-03-07 | 2011-02-15 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Clad copper wire having environmentally isolating alloy |
US20090214919A1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2009-08-27 | National Institute Of Adv Industrial Sci And Tech | Electrochemical reactor bundles, stacks, and electrochemical reactor systems consisting of these components |
US9190672B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-11-17 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell including external current collector with plurality of connection portions |
RU196629U1 (ru) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-03-10 | Публичное акционерное общество "КАМАЗ" | Мембранно-электродный блок твердооксидного топливного элемента с контактными слоями |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20230134506A (ko) | 2023-09-21 |
EP4273971A1 (en) | 2023-11-08 |
CN116508181A (zh) | 2023-07-28 |
MX2023007916A (es) | 2023-07-13 |
RU2754352C1 (ru) | 2021-09-01 |
ZA202307162B (en) | 2024-02-28 |
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