WO2022138855A1 - 二次電池用正極および二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極および二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022138855A1 WO2022138855A1 PCT/JP2021/047992 JP2021047992W WO2022138855A1 WO 2022138855 A1 WO2022138855 A1 WO 2022138855A1 JP 2021047992 W JP2021047992 W JP 2021047992W WO 2022138855 A1 WO2022138855 A1 WO 2022138855A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- secondary battery
- active material
- polysaccharide
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a secondary battery, and particularly to a positive electrode used in the secondary battery.
- Secondary batteries are expected as power sources for small consumer applications, power storage devices and electric vehicles because they have high output and high energy density.
- a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal for example, cobalt
- cobalt transition metal
- a positive electrode In a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode is usually manufactured by applying a slurry containing a positive electrode active material and a binder to the surface of a positive electrode current collector and then drying the mixture to form a positive electrode mixture layer.
- a lithium excess lithium-transition metal composite oxide is used as a positive electrode active material by forming a positive electrode mixture layer using a guar gum aqueous solution as a binder solution and a slurry containing guar gum. Also said that it was able to improve durability.
- guar gum when preparing a slurry containing guar gum, guar gum may gel and cannot be coated depending on the alkalinity of the slurry containing the positive electrode active material, or even if coating is possible, the characteristics as a positive electrode may deteriorate. Productivity is reduced.
- one aspect of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode mixture layer is a positive electrode active material and a conductive agent.
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode for a secondary battery, which comprises a polysaccharide and a resin other than the polysaccharide, wherein the polysaccharide covers at least a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the resin.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a secondary battery having the positive electrode for a secondary battery, a separator, a negative electrode facing the positive electrode for the secondary battery via the separator, and an electrolytic solution.
- a secondary battery having excellent durability and a positive electrode for a secondary battery used for the secondary battery can be stably manufactured.
- the positive electrode for a secondary battery includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a polysaccharide, and a resin other than the polysaccharide. Polysaccharides cover at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the resin.
- the crystallinity on the surface of the positive electrode active material is stabilized by forming a film of polysaccharides on the surface of the positive electrode active material. Therefore, since the secondary battery manufactured by using the positive electrode for the secondary battery maintains high crystallinity on the surface of the positive electrode active material, it is possible to realize a secondary battery having low resistance and excellent durability.
- the polysaccharide coating can also be formed on the surface of the conductive and / or resin. As a result, decomposition of the electrolyte originating from the conductive agent or resin is suppressed, and a secondary battery having excellent durability can be realized.
- polysaccharide a water-soluble compound having a glucosidic bond and having a viscosity when dissolved in water is preferably used.
- polysaccharides are pectin, alginic acid, pullulan, mannan, xanthan gum, guar gum, starch, glycogen, chitin, dextran, agarose, carrageenan, heparin, hyaluronic acid, glucomannan, arabic gum, gelatin, tremel gum, and derivatives thereof. At least one selected from the group consisting of.
- Derivatives of polysaccharides may include salt compounds, esterified products, etherified products, amidated products and the like. Among these, guar gum can be preferably used. Guar gum may be a derivative in which hydrogen of at least a part of the hydroxyl groups is substituted with an alkyl group or the like.
- Resins other than polysaccharides can be contained in the positive electrode mixture layer as a binder.
- resins include fluororesins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (HFP); methyl polyacrylate, ethylene-methyl methacrylate.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- HFP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- methyl polyacrylate ethylene-methyl methacrylate.
- acrylic resins such as polymers; polyolefin resins; polyamide resins; polyimide resins; rubber-like materials such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylic rubber; can be mentioned.
- the resin can be an organic compound that is more soluble in organic solvents than water.
- a slurry containing the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the resin is applied to the surface of the positive electrode current collector and then dried.
- a dispersion liquid in which the polysaccharide is dispersed in a dispersion medium for example, water is applied to the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer and then dried.
- the dispersion liquid does not contain a strongly alkaline positive electrode active material, the polysaccharides do not gel in the dispersion liquid, and the dispersion liquid can be easily applied. .. Therefore, a positive electrode for a secondary battery having excellent durability can be stably obtained without lowering the productivity.
- the polysaccharide penetrates into the positive electrode mixture layer through the voids in the porous positive electrode mixture layer and penetrates into the positive electrode mixture layer over the entire depth direction of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the surfaces of active materials, conductive agents, and resins can be covered with polysaccharides.
- the concentration of the polysaccharide in the positive electrode mixture layer is not uniform in the depth direction, and the concentration of the polysaccharide increases on the surface side of the positive electrode mixture layer (opposite to the positive electrode current collector). , Can have a concentration distribution unevenly distributed in the depth direction.
- the polysaccharide may be contained, for example, 0.1% by mass to 0.5% by mass, or 0.1% by mass to 0.25% by mass, based on the total amount of the positive electrode active material. Is preferable.
- the positive electrode for a secondary battery contains a polysaccharide in the above concentration range, a secondary battery having excellent durability can be realized.
- the content ratio of the polysaccharide is obtained from the sample obtained by taking out only the positive electrode mixture layer from the secondary battery in the discharged state. Specifically, first, the discharged secondary battery is disassembled and the positive electrode is taken out. Next, the positive electrode is washed with an organic solvent, further vacuum dried, and then only the positive electrode mixture layer is peeled off to obtain a sample. By performing thermal analysis such as TG-DTA on the sample, the ratio of polysaccharides other than the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive material component can be calculated.
- the positive electrode active material may contain a lithium-containing composite oxide having a layered structure and having 80 atomic% or more of a metal other than lithium being nickel (hereinafter, may be referred to as “HN composite oxide”). ..
- HN composite oxide a lithium-containing composite oxide having a high Ni ratio as the positive electrode active material.
- the higher the Ni ratio the more Li is extracted from the positive electrode active material, so that the surface of the positive electrode active material is modified and the structure changes to a structure in which it is difficult to occlude and release Li. There is. As a result, the movement of lithium ions is hindered, and the deterioration of cycle characteristics tends to be remarkable.
- the surface structure of the HN composite oxide is stabilized, deterioration of cycle characteristics is suppressed, and durability is improved.
- the positive electrode active material contains a lithium-transition metal composite oxide based on a layered rock salt structure, and in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide, a lithium excess type having an atomic ratio of lithium to the transition metal M: Li / M of 1 or more.
- Lithium-transition metal composite oxide (hereinafter, may be referred to as "Li excess composite oxide").
- the Li excess composite oxide has a structure in which a part of the transition metal sites in the layered rock salt structure is replaced with Li. Like the HN composite oxide, the Li excess composite oxide also tends to have an unstable surface structure of the positive electrode active material with the release of Li, and tends to change to a structure in which it is difficult to store and release Li.
- the positive electrode active material may contain a lithium-nickel composite oxide represented by the chemical formula Lia Ni b M c O 2 .
- M contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, Sr, Na, Mg, Ca, Sc, Y, Cu, Zn, Cr and B.
- the Li excess composite oxide for example, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0.5 ⁇ b + c ⁇ 1, 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.6 may be used.
- the a value representing the molar ratio of Li varies depending on charge and discharge.
- the proportion of nickel in the metal other than lithium in the lithium-containing composite oxide may be 85 atomic% or more. According to the present embodiment, even when the Ni ratio of the positive electrode active material is increased in this way, high cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the secondary battery has the above-mentioned positive electrode for the secondary battery, a separator, a negative electrode facing the positive electrode for the secondary battery via the separator, and an electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector and containing a positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode current collector As the positive electrode, the above-mentioned positive electrode for a secondary battery is used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a positive electrode active material, a binder (resin), and the like, and a positive electrode slurry in which the positive electrode mixture is dispersed in a dispersion medium is applied to the surface of the positive electrode current collector and dried. Can be formed.
- the polysaccharide invades the voids in the positive electrode mixture layer, and the surfaces of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder are surfaced with the polysaccharide. Can be covered with.
- the coating film of the positive electrode mixture layer after being coated with the polysaccharide may be rolled if necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be formed on one surface of the positive electrode current collector, or may be formed on both surfaces.
- Polysaccharides may be contained in the positive electrode slurry as long as the productivity is not impaired.
- the polysaccharide contained in the positive electrode slurry may be the same as or different from the polysaccharide contained in the dispersion liquid.
- the conductive agent may be a conductive material containing carbon.
- carbon black such as acetylene black and ketjen black can be preferably used.
- the conductive material containing carbon may contain carbon nanotubes.
- a conductive auxiliary agent other than the conductive agent containing carbon may be contained in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain a thickener or the like as an optional component. Known materials can be used as the thickener and another conductive auxiliary agent.
- a lithium-containing composite oxide having a layered structure for example, a rock salt type crystal structure
- the lithium-containing composite oxide is, for example, Li a Ni b M 1-b O 2 (where 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ b ⁇ 1 and M is Co, Al. , Mn, Fe, Ti, Sr, Na, Mg, Ca, Sc, Y, Cu, Zn, Cr and B). It may be.
- M preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al and Fe. From the viewpoint of the stability of the crystal structure, Al may be contained as M.
- the a value indicating the molar ratio of lithium increases or decreases depending on charging and discharging.
- Specific examples of such a composite oxide include lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide (LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Al 0.05 O 2 and the like).
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide is an HN composite oxide in which the ratio of Ni to metal elements other than Li is 80 atomic% or more.
- the ratio of Ni to the metal element other than Li may be 85 atomic% or more, or 90 atomic% or more.
- the ratio of Ni to metal elements other than Li is preferably 95 atomic% or less, for example. When limiting the range, these upper and lower limits may be combined arbitrarily.
- Co, Mn and Al contribute to the stabilization of the crystal structure of the HN composite oxide having a high Ni content.
- the Co content is low.
- the HN composite oxide having a low Co content or no Co content may contain Mn and Al.
- the ratio of Co to the metal element other than Li is preferably 20 atomic% or less, more preferably 10 atomic% or less or 5 atomic% or less, and does not have to contain Co. From the viewpoint of stabilizing the crystal structure of the HN composite oxide, it is desirable to contain 1 atomic% or more or 1.5 atomic% or more of Co.
- the ratio of Mn to the metal element other than Li may be 10 atomic% or less, or 5 atomic% or less.
- the ratio of Mn to the metal element other than Li may be 1 atomic% or more, 3 atomic% or more, or 5 atomic% or more. When limiting the range, these upper and lower limits may be combined arbitrarily.
- the ratio of Al to the metal element other than Li may be 10 atomic% or less, or 5 atomic% or less.
- the ratio of Al to the metal element other than Li may be 1 atomic% or more, 3 atomic% or more, or 5 atomic% or more. When limiting the range, these upper and lower limits may be combined arbitrarily.
- the element M may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Zn, B, Si, Mg, Ca, Sr, Sc and Y.
- the surface structure of the composite oxide is stabilized, the resistance is reduced, and the elution of the metal is further suppressed. It is thought that it will be possible. It is more effective if these elements are unevenly distributed in the vicinity of the particle surface of the composite oxide.
- Li excess composite oxide As another example of the positive electrode active material, in the above-mentioned lithium-transition metal composite oxide having a rock salt type crystal structure, a lithium excess type lithium-transition metal composite oxide in which a part of the site occupied by the transition metal is replaced with lithium is used.
- Li excess composite oxide is, for example, Li a Ni b M c O 2 (where 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0.5 ⁇ b + c ⁇ 1, 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.6.
- M comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, Sr, Na, Mg, Ca, Sc, Y, Cu, Zn, Cr and B).
- M preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al and Fe.
- Al may be contained as M. The a value indicating the molar ratio of lithium increases or decreases depending on charging and discharging.
- Li excess composite oxide examples include Li 1.16 Mn 0.5 Ni 0.34 O 2 , a lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide, and Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 .
- Li-manganese-nickel-cobalt composite oxide represented by Co 0.13 O 2 and Li 1.16 Mn 0.5 Ni 0.17 Co 0.17 .
- the content of the elements constituting the composite oxide is determined by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopic analyzer (Inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy: ICP-AES), an electron probe microanalyzer (Electron Probe Micro X, Energy Dispersive X), or an energy dispersive XMA. It can be measured by a line analyzer (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy: EDX) or the like.
- the HN composite oxide and the Li excess composite oxide are, for example, secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated.
- the particle size of the primary particles is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the secondary particles of the composite oxide HN is, for example, 3 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, and may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the secondary particles means the particle size (volume average particle size) at which the volume integrated value is 50% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction scattering method. Such a particle size may be referred to as D50.
- the measuring device for example, "LA-750" manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. can be used.
- the crystal structure tends to be unstable especially in a fully charged state, and the surface of the active material particles is reversible with lithium ions due to repeated charging and discharging. It becomes easy to change (inactivate) to a crystal structure that is difficult to store and release. As a result, the cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate.
- the surface of the active material particles is coated with the polysaccharide, so that the HN composite oxide and the Li excess composite oxide may be used as the active material.
- the cycle characteristics can be maintained high. Therefore, it is possible to realize a secondary battery having excellent durability and high energy density.
- the shape and thickness of the positive electrode current collector can be selected from the shape and range according to the negative electrode current collector.
- Examples of the material of the positive electrode current collector include stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, and titanium.
- the negative electrode contains a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode usually includes a negative electrode current collector and a layered negative electrode mixture (hereinafter referred to as a negative electrode mixture layer) held by the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer can be formed by applying a negative electrode slurry in which the constituent components of the negative electrode mixture are dispersed in a dispersion medium to the surface of the negative electrode current collector and drying the negative electrode mixture layer. The dried coating film may be rolled if necessary.
- the negative electrode mixture contains a negative electrode active material as an essential component, and can contain a binder, a thickener, a conductive agent and the like as optional components.
- the negative electrode active material metallic lithium, a lithium alloy, or the like may be used, but a material capable of electrochemically absorbing and releasing lithium ions is preferably used. Examples of such materials include carbonaceous materials and Si-containing materials.
- the negative electrode may contain one kind of negative electrode active material, or may contain two or more kinds in combination.
- carbonaceous materials examples include graphite, graphitizable carbon (soft carbon), and non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon).
- the carbonaceous material one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- Graphite is particularly preferable as the carbonaceous material because it has excellent charge / discharge stability and has a small irreversible capacity.
- Examples of graphite include natural graphite, artificial graphite, and graphitized mesophase carbon particles.
- Si-containing material examples include Si alone, a silicon alloy, a silicon compound (silicon oxide, etc.), and a composite material in which a silicon phase is dispersed in a lithium ion conduction phase (matrix).
- silicon oxide examples include SiO x particles.
- x is 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, and may be 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6.
- the lithium ion conductive phase at least one selected from the group consisting of a SiO 2 phase, a silicate phase and a carbon phase can be used.
- the binder for example, the material exemplified for the positive electrode or a known material can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector for example, a metal foil can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may be porous.
- Examples of the material of the negative electrode current collector include stainless steel, nickel, nickel alloy, copper, and copper alloy.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m and may be 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the electrolytic solution contains a solvent and a solute dissolved in the solvent.
- the solute is an electrolyte salt that ionically dissociates in the electrolytic solution.
- the solute may include, for example, a lithium salt.
- the components of the electrolytic solution other than the solvent and solute are additives.
- the electrolyte may contain various additives.
- a known material can be used as the solvent.
- a cyclic carbonate ester, a chain carbonate ester, a cyclic carboxylic acid ester, a chain carboxylic acid ester, or the like is used.
- the cyclic carbonic acid ester include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC) and the like.
- the chain carbonate ester include diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and the like.
- Examples of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL).
- Examples of the chain carboxylic acid ester include non-aqueous solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP) and ethyl propionate (EP).
- the non-aqueous solvent one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- lithium salt examples include a lithium salt of a chlorine-containing acid (LiClO 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , etc.) and a lithium salt of a fluorine-containing acid (LiPF 6 , LiPF 2 O 2 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 ).
- LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO) 2 ), LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , etc.
- lithium halide LiCl, LiBr, LiI, etc.
- the lithium salt one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolytic solution may be 1 mol / liter or more and 2 mol / liter or less, or 1 mol / liter or more and 1.5 mol / liter or less.
- the lithium salt concentration is not limited to the above.
- the electrolytic solution may contain other known additives.
- the additive include 1,3-propanesarton, methylbenzenesulfonate, cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, fluorobenzene and the like.
- a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator has high ion permeability and has moderate mechanical strength and insulation.
- a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, or the like can be used.
- polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene are preferable.
- the structure of the secondary battery there is a structure in which an electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound via a separator is housed in an exterior body together with a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and other forms of electrodes may be applied.
- a laminated electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via a separator may be used.
- the form of the secondary battery is not limited, and may be, for example, a cylindrical type, a square type, a coin type, a button type, a laminated type, or the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view in which a part of a square secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is cut out.
- the secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a bottomed square battery case 11, an electrode group 10 housed in the battery case 11, and a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown).
- the electrode group 10 includes a long strip-shaped negative electrode, a long strip-shaped positive electrode, and a separator that is interposed between them and prevents direct contact.
- the electrode group 10 is formed by winding a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator around a flat plate-shaped winding core and pulling out the winding core.
- One end of the negative electrode lead 15 is attached to the negative electrode current collector of the negative electrode by welding or the like.
- One end of the positive electrode lead 14 is attached to the positive electrode current collector of the positive electrode by welding or the like.
- the other end of the negative electrode lead 15 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 13 provided on the sealing plate 12.
- a gasket 16 is arranged between the sealing plate 12 and the negative electrode terminal 13 to insulate them.
- the other end of the positive electrode lead 14 is connected to the sealing plate 12 and electrically connected to the battery case 11 that also serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- a resin frame 18 is arranged on the upper part of the electrode group 10.
- the frame body 18 separates the electrode group 10 and the sealing plate 12, and also separates the negative electrode lead 15 and the battery case 11.
- the opening of the battery case 11 is sealed with a sealing plate 12.
- a liquid injection hole 17a is formed in the sealing plate 12. The electrolyte is injected into the battery case 11 from the injection hole 17a. After that, the liquid injection hole 17a is
- Negative Electrode A silicon composite material and graphite were mixed at a mass ratio of 5:95 and used as a negative electrode active material. Negative electrode active material, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and water were mixed at a predetermined mass ratio to prepare a negative electrode slurry. Next, the negative electrode slurry was applied to the surface of the copper foil, which is the negative electrode current collector, the coating film was dried, and then rolled to form negative electrode mixture layers on both sides of the copper foil.
- CMC-Na sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.2 O 2 which is an HN composite oxide was used.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to the surface of the aluminum foil, which is the positive electrode current collector, the coating film was dried, and then rolled to form positive electrode mixture layers on both sides of the aluminum foil.
- a guar gum aqueous solution was prepared. An aqueous solution of guar gum was applied to the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer, and guar gum was infiltrated into the positive electrode mixture layer. Then, the water was removed by drying to obtain a positive electrode. In the guar gum aqueous solution, guar gum was dissolved in water in an amount of 0.25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- LiPF 6 as a lithium salt was added to a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) in a volume ratio of 3: 7 to prepare an electrolytic solution.
- the concentration of LiPF 6 in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution was 1.0 mol / liter.
- Example 2 In the preparation of the positive electrode, guar gum in an amount of 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material was dissolved in water to obtain an aqueous guar gum solution. The guar gum aqueous solution was applied to the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer and then dried to obtain a positive electrode. A secondary battery A2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for this, and evaluated in the same manner.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the initial capacity and durability of the batteries A1, A2 and B1. From Table 1, the batteries A1 and A2 using the positive electrode coated with guar gum as the polysaccharide had a higher initial capacity and improved durability than the battery B1 using the positive electrode not coated with guar gum.
- Example 3 (1) Preparation of Positive Electrode Li 1.17 Ni 0.56 Mn 0.28 O 2 which is a Li excess composite oxide was used as the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to the surface of the aluminum foil, which is the positive electrode current collector, the coating film was dried, and then rolled to form positive electrode mixture layers on both sides of the aluminum foil.
- a guar gum aqueous solution was prepared. An aqueous solution of guar gum was applied to the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer, and guar gum was infiltrated into the positive electrode mixture layer. Then, the water was removed by drying to obtain a positive electrode. In the guar gum aqueous solution, guar gum was dissolved in water in an amount of 0.25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, an electrolytic solution was prepared, a battery was assembled, and a secondary battery A3 was obtained.
- Example 4 In the preparation of the positive electrode, guar gum in an amount of 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material was dissolved in water to obtain an aqueous guar gum solution. This guar gum aqueous solution was applied to the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer and then dried to obtain a positive electrode.
- a secondary battery A4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except for this, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the initial capacity, durability and output retention rate of the batteries A3, A4 and B2. From Table 1, in the batteries A3 and A4 using the positive electrode coated with guar gum as the polysaccharide, the durability was improved and the output retention rate was also improved, although the initial capacity of the battery A4 was slightly reduced.
- FIG. 2A shows changes in the discharge capacity of the batteries A3 and B2 for each charge / discharge cycle.
- FIG. 2B shows changes in the average discharge voltage of the battery A3 and the battery B2 for each charge / discharge cycle.
- the decrease in discharge capacity due to repeated charging and discharging is suppressed as compared with the battery B2, and the decrease in average discharge voltage is also suppressed. It is suppressed.
- the secondary battery according to the present disclosure it is possible to provide a secondary battery having a high capacity and excellent cycle characteristics.
- the secondary battery according to the present disclosure is useful as a main power source for mobile communication devices, portable electronic devices, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の新規な特徴を添付の請求の範囲に記述するが、本発明は、構成および内容の両方に関し、本発明の他の目的および特徴と併せ、図面を照合した以下の詳細な説明によりさらによく理解されるであろう。
本開示の実施形態に係る二次電池用正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面に設けられた正極合剤層と、を備える。正極合剤層は、正極活物質、導電剤、多糖類、および多糖類以外の樹脂を含む。多糖類が、正極活物質、導電剤、および樹脂の表面の少なくとも一部を覆っている。
正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面に形成され、かつ正極活物質を含む正極合剤層とを具備する。正極としては、上記の二次電池用正極が用いられる。正極合剤層は、例えば、正極活物質、結着剤(樹脂)等を含み、正極合剤を分散媒に分散させた正極スラリーを、正極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることにより形成できる。その後、多糖類を含む分散液を正極スラリーの塗膜に塗布することにより、多糖類が正極合剤層内の空隙に侵入し、正極活物質、導電剤、および結着剤の表面が多糖類で覆われ得る。多糖類で被覆後の正極合剤層の塗膜を、必要により圧延してもよい。正極合剤層は、正極集電体の一方の表面に形成してもよく、両方の表面に形成してもよい。
生産性を損なわない限りにおいて、正極スラリーに多糖類が含まれていてもよい。正極スラリーに含まれる多糖類は、分散液に含まれる多糖類と同じであってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
負極は、負極活物質を含む。負極は、通常、負極集電体と、負極集電体に保持された層状の負極合剤(以下、負極合剤層と称する)を備えている。負極合剤層は、負極合剤の構成成分を分散媒に分散させた負極スラリーを、負極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることにより形成できる。乾燥後の塗膜を、必要により圧延してもよい。
負極活物質としては、金属リチウム、リチウム合金などを用いてもよいが、電気化学的にリチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出可能な材料が好適に用いられる。このような材料としては、炭素質材料、Si含有材料などが挙げられる。負極は、負極活物質を1種含んでいてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて含んでもよい。
電解液は、溶媒と、溶媒に溶解した溶質とを含む。溶質は、電解液中でイオン解離する電解質塩である。溶質は、例えば、リチウム塩を含み得る。溶媒および溶質以外の電解液の成分は添加剤である。電解液には、様々な添加剤が含まれ得る。
正極と負極との間には、セパレータが介在している。セパレータは、イオン透過度が高く、適度な機械的強度および絶縁性を備えている。セパレータとしては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布などを用いることができる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンなどのポリオレフィンが好ましい。
図1に示す二次電池1は、有底角形の電池ケース11と、電池ケース11内に収容された電極群10および非水電解質(図示せず)とを含む。電極群10は、長尺帯状の負極と、長尺帯状の正極と、これらの間に介在し、かつ直接接触を防ぐセパレータとを含む。電極群10は、負極、正極、およびセパレータを、平板状の巻芯を中心にして捲回し、巻芯を抜き取ることによって形成される。
(1)負極の作製
ケイ素複合材料と、黒鉛と、を5:95の質量比で混合し、負極活物質として用いた。負極活物質と、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC-Na)と、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)と、水とを所定の質量比で混合し、負極スラリーを調製した。次に、負極集電体である銅箔の表面に負極スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して、銅箔の両面に負極合剤層を形成した。
正極活物質として、HN複合酸化物であるLiNi0.8Mn0.2O2を用いた。LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2と、導電助剤としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)と、結着剤(樹脂)としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)と、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)とを、LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2:AB:PVdF=92:5:3となる所定の質量比で混合し、正極スラリーを調製した。次に、正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔の表面に正極スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して、アルミニウム箔の両面に正極合剤層を形成した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)およびエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を3:7の体積比で含む混合溶媒に、リチウム塩としてLiPF6を加え、電解液を調製した。非水電解液におけるLiPF6の濃度は1.0mol/リットルとした。
各電極にリードタブをそれぞれ取り付け、リードが最外周部に位置するように、セパレータを介して正極および負極を渦巻き状に巻回することにより電極群を作製した。アルミニウム箔をバリア層とするラミネートフィルム製の外装体内に電極群を挿入し、105℃で2時間真空乾燥した後、非水電解液を注入し、外装体の開口部を封止して、二次電池A1を得た。
(初期充放電)
完成後の電池を25℃の環境に置き、0.1Cの電流で電圧が4.5Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.5Vの定電圧で電流が0.05Cになるまで定電圧充電した。その後、0.1Cの電流で電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行い、初期容量C0(mAh)を求めた。充放電は25℃の環境で行った。初期容量を正極活物質重量で除算し、重量(g)当たりの容量を求めた。
0.2Cの電流で電圧が4.5Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.5Vの定電圧で電流が0.01Cになるまで定電圧充電した。その後、0.2Cの電流で電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行い、放電容量C(mAh)を求めた。充放電は25℃の環境で行った。
充電と放電との間の休止期間は20分とし、上記充放電2に示す条件で充放電を24サイクル繰り返した。その後、初期充放電と同じ条件で充放電を1サイクル行い、放電容量を確認した。その後、再び上記充放電2に示す条件で充放電を24サイクル繰り返し、延べ50サイクルの充放電サイクルを繰り返した。50サイクル目の放電容量C1の、初期放電容量C0に対する比R1=C1/C0を容量維持率とし、R1×100を耐久性を示す指標として評価した。
正極の作製において、正極活物質100質量部に対して0.5質量部となる量のグアーガムを水に溶解させ、グアーガム水溶液を得た。このグアーガム水溶液正極合剤層の表面に塗布後、乾燥させ、正極を得た。
これ以外については実施例1と同様にして、二次電池A2を作製し、同様に評価した。
正極の作製において、グアーガム水溶液を正極合剤層の表面に塗布しなかった。
これ以外については実施例1と同様にして、二次電池B1を作製し、同様に評価した。
(1)正極の作製
正極活物質として、Li過剰複合酸化物であるLi1.17Ni0.56Mn0.28O2を用いた。Li1.17Ni0.56Mn0.28O2と、導電助剤としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)と、結着剤(樹脂)としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)と、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)とを、Li1.17Ni0.56Mn0.28O2:AB:PVdF=92:5:3となる所定の質量比で混合し、正極スラリーを調製した。次に、正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔の表面に正極スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して、アルミニウム箔の両面に正極合剤層を形成した。
充電カット電圧を4.7Vに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、初期容量C0および容量維持率R1を求め、耐久性を評価した。
さらに、充放電の各サイクルにおいて、平均放電電圧を測定した。初回充放電サイクル後の平均放電電圧V0に対する、50サイクル後の平均放電電圧V1の比R2=V1/V0を電圧維持率として求めた。容量維持率R1と、電圧維持率R2との積を求め、R1×R2×100を出力維持率として評価した。
正極の作製において、正極活物質100質量部に対して0.5質量部となる量のグアーガムを水に溶解させ、グアーガム水溶液を得た。このグアーガム水溶液を正極合剤層の表面に塗布後、乾燥させ、正極を得た。
これ以外については実施例3と同様にして、二次電池A4を作製し、実施例3と同様に評価した。
正極の作製において、グアーガム水溶液正を極合剤層の表面に塗布しなかった。
これ以外については実施例3と同様にして、二次電池B2を作製し、実施例3と同様に評価した。
Claims (8)
- 正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の表面に設けられた正極合剤層と、を備え、
前記正極合剤層は、正極活物質、導電剤、多糖類、および前記多糖類以外の樹脂を含み、
前記多糖類が、前記正極活物質、前記導電剤、および前記樹脂の表面の少なくとも一部を覆っている、二次電池用正極。 - 前記正極合剤層において、前記多糖類は、前記正極集電体と反対側の前記正極合剤層の表面側で前記多糖類の濃度が多くなるように、前記正極合剤層の深さ方向に分布している、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極合剤層における前記多糖類の含有量は、前記正極活物質の全体に対して0.1質量%~0.5質量%である、請求項1または2に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記多糖類は、グアーガムを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記樹脂は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質は、層状構造を有し、且つリチウム以外の金属の80原子%以上がニッケルであるリチウム含有複合酸化物を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質は、層状岩塩構造をベースとするリチウム-遷移金属複合酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム-遷移金属複合酸化物において、遷移金属Mに対するリチウムの原子比:Li/Mが1以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用正極。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用正極と、
セパレータと、前記セパレータを介して前記二次電池用正極と対向する負極と、電解液と、を有する二次電池。
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JP2000357505A (ja) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-26 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池 |
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JP2008277087A (ja) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 |
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JP2000357505A (ja) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-26 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池 |
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