WO2022138582A1 - パッチアンテナ - Google Patents
パッチアンテナ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022138582A1 WO2022138582A1 PCT/JP2021/047073 JP2021047073W WO2022138582A1 WO 2022138582 A1 WO2022138582 A1 WO 2022138582A1 JP 2021047073 W JP2021047073 W JP 2021047073W WO 2022138582 A1 WO2022138582 A1 WO 2022138582A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- patch antenna
- radiating element
- feeding
- antenna according
- elevation angle
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/22—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
- H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a patch antenna.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a patch antenna including a ground conductor plate, a dielectric substrate, and a radiating element.
- the antenna device for accommodating the patch antenna is miniaturized, the area of the base on which the patch antenna is grounded becomes small, and the gain of the low elevation angle of the patch antenna may decrease.
- An example of an object of the present invention is to improve the gain of a low elevation angle of a patch antenna.
- Other objects of the invention will become apparent from the description herein.
- One aspect of the present invention comprises a dielectric member, a radiation element provided on the dielectric member, and at least one non-feeding element provided around the dielectric member and the radiation element and grounded. It is a patch antenna to be equipped.
- the gain of the patch antenna at a low elevation angle is improved.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of the front part of the vehicle 1 to which the vehicle-mounted antenna device 10 is attached.
- the front-rear direction of the vehicle to which the vehicle-mounted antenna device 10 is attached is defined as the X direction
- the left-right direction perpendicular to the X direction is defined as the Y direction
- the vertical direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction is defined as the Z direction.
- the front side (front side) from the driver's seat of the vehicle is in the + X direction
- the right side is in the + Y direction
- the zenith direction (upward direction) is in the + Z direction.
- the front-back, left-right, and up-down directions of the in-vehicle antenna device 10 will be described as being the same as the front-back, left-right, and up-down directions of the vehicle.
- the in-vehicle antenna device 10 is housed in a cavity 4 between the roof panel 2 of the vehicle 1 and the roof lining 3 on the ceiling surface in the vehicle interior.
- the roof panel 2 is made of, for example, an insulating resin so that the in-vehicle antenna device 10 can receive an electromagnetic wave (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as “radio wave”).
- the in-vehicle antenna device 10 housed in the cavity 4 is fixed to the roof lining 3 made of an insulating resin by a screw or the like. As described above, the in-vehicle antenna device 10 is surrounded by the insulating roof panel 2 and the roof lining 3. In the present embodiment, the in-vehicle antenna device 10 is fixed to the roof lining 3, but may be fixed to, for example, a vehicle frame or a resin roof panel 2.
- an in-vehicle antenna device 10 including a patch antenna capable of improving the gain of a low elevation angle will be described.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the in-vehicle antenna device 10.
- the in-vehicle antenna device 10 is an antenna device including a plurality of antennas having different operating frequency bands, and includes a base 11, a case 12, antennas 21 to 26, and a patch antenna 30.
- the base 11 is a quadrilateral metal plate used as a ground common to the antennas 21 to 26 and the patch antenna 30, and is installed on the roof lining 3 in the cavity 4. Further, the base 11 is a thin plate spread in front, back, left and right.
- the case 12 is a box-shaped member, and the lower surface of the six surfaces is open. Further, since the case 12 is made of an insulating resin, radio waves can pass through the case 12. Then, the case 12 is attached to the base 11 so that the opening of the case 12 is closed by the base 11. Therefore, the antennas 21 to 26 and the patch antenna 30 are housed in the space inside the case 12.
- the antennas 21 to 26 and the patch antenna 30 are mounted on the base 11 in the case 12.
- the patch antenna 30 is arranged near the center of the base 11, and the antennas 21 to 26 are arranged around the patch antenna 30.
- the antennas 21 and 22 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the patch antenna 30, respectively.
- the antennas 23 and 24 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the patch antenna 30, respectively.
- the antenna 25 is arranged on the left side of the antenna 22 and behind the antenna 23, and the antenna 26 is arranged on the right side of the antenna 21 and on the front side of the antenna 24.
- the antenna 21 is, for example, a planar antenna used for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), and receives radio waves in the 1.5 GHz band from an artificial satellite.
- GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
- the antenna 22 is, for example, a monopole antenna used in a V2X (Vehicle-to-everything) system, and transmits / receives radio waves in the 5.8 GHz band or the 5.9 GHz band.
- V2X Vehicle-to-everything
- the antenna 22 is an antenna for V2X, it may be an antenna for Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, for example.
- Antennas 23 and 24 are antennas used for, for example, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and 5th generation mobile communication systems.
- the antennas 23 and 24 transmit and receive radio waves in the 2.7 GHz band from the 700 MHz frequency band defined by the LTE standard. Further, the antennas 23 and 24 also transmit and receive radio waves in the Sub-6 band defined by the standard of the 5th generation mobile communication system, that is, the frequency band from 3.6 GHz band to less than 6 GHz.
- the antennas 23 and 24 may be telematics antennas.
- Antennas 25 and 26 are, for example, antennas used in the 5th generation mobile communication system.
- the antennas 25 and 26 transmit and receive radio waves in the Sub-6 band defined by the standard of the 5th generation mobile communication system.
- the antennas 25 and 26 may be telematics antennas.
- the applicable communication standards and frequency bands of the antennas 21 to 26 are not limited to those described above, and may be other communication standards and frequency bands.
- the patch antenna 30 is, for example, an antenna used in the method of satellite digital audio radio service (SDARS: Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service).
- SDARS Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service
- the patch antenna 30 receives the left-handed circular polarization in the 2.3 GHz band.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 are perspective views of the patch antenna 30, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the patch antenna 30 of line AA of FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 including FIG. 5 is a plan view of the patch antenna 30.
- the patch antenna 30 includes a circuit board 32 on which conductive patterns 31 and 33 (described later) are formed, a dielectric member 34, a radiating element 35, non-feeding elements 36 to 39, and a shield cover 40.
- the circuit board 32, the dielectric member 34, and the radiating element 35 stacked in order in the positive direction of the Z axis will be referred to as a “main body portion of the patch antenna 30”.
- four non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are arranged around the main body of the patch antenna 30.
- the circuit board 32 is a dielectric plate material in which conductor patterns 31 and 33 are formed on the back surface (the surface in the negative direction of the Z axis) and the front surface (the surface in the positive direction of the Z axis), respectively.
- the pattern 31 includes a circuit pattern 31a and a ground pattern 31b.
- the circuit pattern 31a is, for example, a conductive pattern to which the signal line 45a of the coaxial cable 45 from the amplifier board (not shown) is connected. Further, the braid 45b of the coaxial cable 45 is electrically connected to the ground pattern 31b by solder (not shown). The configuration for connecting the circuit pattern 31a and the radiating element 35 will be described later.
- the ground pattern 31b is a conductive pattern for grounding the main body of the patch antenna 30.
- the ground pattern 31b and the four pedestals 11a provided on the metal base 11 are electrically connected.
- a part of the base 11 is formed by bending so as to support the main body portion of the patch antenna 30.
- the ground pattern 31b is grounded by electrically connecting the ground pattern 31b and the pedestal portion 11a.
- a metallic shield cover 40 for protecting the circuit pattern 31a is attached to the back surface of the circuit board 32, for example. Further, the shield cover 40 shields electronic circuit components such as an amplifier mounted on the back surface of the circuit board 32.
- the pattern 33 formed on the front surface of the circuit board 32 is a ground pattern that functions as a ground for the ground conductor plate (or ground conductor film) of the patch antenna 30 and a circuit (not shown).
- the pattern 33 is electrically connected to the ground pattern 31b via a through hole. Further, the ground pattern 31b is electrically connected to the base 11 via a fixing screw for fixing the circuit board 32 to the pedestal portion 11a and the pedestal portion 11a. Therefore, the pattern 33 will be electrically connected to the base 11.
- the dielectric member 34 is a substantially quadrilateral plate-shaped member having a side parallel to the X axis and a side parallel to the Y axis.
- the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric member 34 are parallel to the X-axis and the Y-axis, the front surface of the dielectric member 34 is directed in the positive direction of the Z-axis, and the back surface of the dielectric member 34 is directed.
- the surface is oriented in the negative direction of the Z axis.
- the back surface of the dielectric member 34 is attached to the pattern 33 by, for example, double-sided tape.
- the dielectric member 34 is made of a dielectric material such as ceramic.
- the radiating element 35 is a substantially quadrilateral conductive element smaller than the area of the front surface of the dielectric member 34, and is formed on the front surface of the dielectric member 34.
- the normal direction of the radiation surface of the radiation element 35 is the Z-axis positive direction.
- the radiating element 35 has sides 35a and 35c parallel to the Y axis and sides 35b and 35d parallel to the X axis.
- the "substantially quadrilateral” means, for example, a shape consisting of four sides including a square or a rectangle, and for example, at least a part of the corners may be cut out diagonally with respect to the sides. Further, in the shape of "substantially quadrilateral", a notch (concave portion) or a protrusion (convex portion) may be provided in a part of the side. That is, the "substantially quadrilateral” may have a shape in which the radiating element 35 can transmit and receive radio waves in a desired frequency band.
- the through hole 41 penetrates the circuit board 32, the pattern 33, and the dielectric member 34. Inside the through hole 41, a feeder line 42 for connecting the circuit pattern 31a and the radiating element 35 is provided.
- the feeder line 42 connects the circuit pattern 31a and the radiating element 35 in a state of being electrically insulated from the grounded pattern 33. Further, in the present embodiment, the point at which the feeder line 42 is electrically connected to the radiating element 35 is defined as the feeder point 43a.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the position of the feeding point 43a of the radiating element 35 of the 1 feeding method.
- the feeding point 43a is provided at a position deviated from the center point 35p of the radiating element 35 in the positive direction of the X-axis.
- the position of the feeding point 43a is not limited to this, and for example, as shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 5, the feeding point 43a is shifted from the center point 35p of the radiating element 35 in the positive direction on the X axis and the negative direction on the Y axis. It may be provided at a position.
- the “center point 35p of the radiating element 35” means the center point in the outer edge shape of the radiating element 35, that is, the geometric center.
- the radiation element 35 of the 1-feed supply system of FIG. 5 has, for example, a substantially rectangular shape having different vertical and horizontal lengths so that desired circular polarization can be transmitted and received.
- the "substantially rectangular” is a shape included in the above-mentioned “substantially quadrilateral”. Therefore, the "center point 35p of the radiating element 35" is a point where the diagonal lines of the radiating element 35 intersect.
- the “substantially rectangular” is a shape included in the above-mentioned “substantially quadrilateral”.
- feeder line to be added can be provided through a through hole (not shown) penetrating the dielectric member 34 or the like, similarly to the feeder line 42, detailed description of the configuration will be omitted here.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the positions of the feeding points 43a of the radiating element 35 of the two feeding system.
- the positions of the two feeding points 43a in FIG. 6 are examples, and may be suitable positions so that the radiating element 35 can transmit and receive the desired circular polarization.
- the radiating element 35 of FIG. 6 has, for example, a substantially square shape having the same vertical and horizontal lengths so that desired circular polarization can be transmitted and received.
- the "substantially square” is a shape included in the above-mentioned "substantially quadrilateral".
- the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are conductive rod-shaped members bent in an L shape. Each of the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 is provided on the base 11 around the radiating element 35 of the patch antenna 30. Here, since the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 and the base are electrically connected, each of the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 is grounded.
- the “around the radiating element 35” means that the gain of the patch antenna 30 at a low elevation angle of the patch antenna 30 is higher than that in the case where the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are not provided.
- the “periphery of the radiating element 35” means, for example, a range from the outer edge of the radiating element 35 to a place separated by a quarter of the wavelength used.
- the "used wavelength” is a wavelength corresponding to a desired frequency in a desired frequency band in which the patch antenna 30 is used, and specifically, for example, a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the desired frequency band.
- Each of the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 is provided so as to be separated from the outer edge of the radiating element 35 to the outside, and the distance from each of the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 to the outer edge of the radiating element 35 is equal to each other.
- the outside of the radiating element 35 is a direction away from the center point 35p of the radiating element 35 on the base 11. Further, although the details will be described later, the characteristics of the patch antenna 30 can be adjusted by changing the distance from the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 to the outer edge of the radiating element 35.
- the non-feeding element 36 has a support column portion 36a and an extension portion 36b.
- the support column portion 36a is provided around the main body portion of the patch antenna 30 in a state of being vertically erected on the base 11.
- the strut portion 36a is perpendicular not only to the base 11 but also to the radiating surface of the radiating element 35. Therefore, the support column portion 36a extends in the Z-axis direction.
- the base end of the strut portion 36a (one end of the strut portion 36a) is electrically connected to the base 11 and is grounded.
- the extending portion 36b extends from the top of the strut portion 36a (the other end of the strut portion 36a) in the direction orthogonal to the strut portion 36a.
- the total length of the non-feeding element 36 is made shorter than one-fourth of the wavelength used, more preferably one-fourth of the wavelength used.
- the "total length of the non-feeding element" is, for example, the length along the support column 36a and the extension portion 36b from the base end of the support column portion 36a to the tip end of the extension portion 36b.
- the base end of the support column portion 36a corresponds to a "grounded end portion".
- the non-feeding element 36 functions as a waveguide. It should be noted that the non-feeding element 36 can be used as a waveguide by not grounding the non-feeding element 36 and by reducing the total length of the non-feeding element 36 to approximately half of the wavelength used. However, when the non-feeding element 36 is not grounded, the non-feeding element 36 is not affected by the mirror image effect, and as a result, the total length becomes long. Therefore, the patch antenna 30 can be made smaller by using the grounded non-feeding element 36.
- Each of the non-feeding elements 37 to 39 is the same element as the non-feeding element 36.
- the non-feeding element 37 has a strut portion 37a and an extending portion 37b
- the non-feeding element 38 has a strut portion 38a and an extending portion 38b
- the non-feeding element 39 has a support column portion 39a and an extension portion 39b. Therefore, detailed description of each of the non-feeding elements 37 to 39 will be omitted.
- the support columns 36a to 39a are separated outward from the outer edge of the radiating element 35 and are parallel to the normal line of the radiating element 35, that is, the Z axis.
- the non-feeding element 36 is attached so that the extending portion 36b extending from the top of the supporting portion 36a is parallel to the side 35a of the radiating element 35 closest to the extending portion 36b. Therefore, in a plan view of the front surface of the radiating element 35 from the positive direction of the Z axis, the "distance D" between the non-feeding element 36 and the radiating element 35 is from the extending portion 36b (or the strut portion 36a). , The distance from the non-feeding element 36 to the side 35a of the nearest radiating element 35. The distance D corresponds to a "predetermined distance".
- the non-feeding elements 37 to 39 are installed in the same manner as the non-feeding elements 36. Although the details will be described later, the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are provided on the base 11 so that the distance D of each of the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 is 16/3 of the wavelength used. In the present embodiment, the distances D of the non-feeding elements 37 to 39 are the same, but the distance D is not limited to this. For example, the distance D of each of the non-feeding elements 37 to 39 may be different. Further, a part of the distances D of the non-feeding elements 37 to 39 may be the same.
- the extending portions 36b to 39b extend from the tops of the support columns 36a to 39a in the turning direction of the left-handed circularly polarized wave so as to follow the turning direction of the left-handed circularly polarized wave. That is, when viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis, the extending portions 36b to 39b extend in the counterclockwise direction from the strut portions 36a to 39a, respectively.
- the gain of the low elevation angle of the patch antenna 30 can be improved by installing the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 in such a direction.
- Non-feeding elements 36 to 39 may be installed.
- the "height" means, for example, the distance from the base 11 to the target.
- the distance from the grounded base end of the support columns 36a to 39a, that is, the base 11, to the top of the support columns 36a to 39a is defined as “height H”.
- the height from the base 11 to the top of the support columns 36a to 39a along the Z-axis direction is equal to the height from the base 11 to the radiating element 35 along the Z-axis direction.
- the height H of ⁇ 39a is adjusted. Therefore, the height from the base 11 to the extending portions 36b to 39b along the Z-axis direction is also equal to the height from the base 11 to the radiating element 35 along the Z-axis direction.
- the positions of the extending portions 36b to 39b in the Z-axis direction are aligned with the positions of the radiating elements 35 in the Z-axis direction, and the extending portions 36b to 39b and the radiating element 35 are on the same XY plane. It is above.
- the distance at which the target deviates along the X-axis direction from the position of the midpoint of the side 35b (or the side 35d) of the radiating element 35 in the X-axis direction is defined as the X-axis direction offset amount. do. Further, the distance at which the target deviates from the position of the midpoint of the side 35a (or the side 35c) of the radiating element 35 in the Y-axis direction along the Y-axis direction is defined as the Y-axis direction offset amount.
- the offset amount in the X-axis direction of the midpoints of the extending portions 37b and 39b in the X-axis direction is 0 mm. That is, the positions of the midpoints of the extending portions 37b and 39b in the X-axis direction are aligned with the positions of the midpoints of the sides 35b of the radiating element 35 in the X-axis direction.
- the offset amount in the Y-axis direction of the midpoint of the extending portions 36b and 38b in the Y-axis direction is 0 mm. That is, the positions of the midpoints of the extending portions 36b and 38b in the Y-axis direction are aligned with the positions of the midpoints of the sides 35a and 35c of the radiating element 35 in the Y-axis direction.
- the gains of the patch antenna 30 and the patch antenna of the comparative example (hereinafter referred to as patch antenna X) were calculated under the conditions shown in Table 1 (hereinafter referred to as “reference conditions”).
- the patch antenna X (not shown) is an antenna in which the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are not provided in the patch antenna 30, that is, an antenna using only the main body of the patch antenna 30. Further, in the simulation of the patch antenna 30 and the patch antenna X, for convenience, a model in which the circuit pattern 31a and the like having a small influence on the gain are omitted is used.
- FIG. 7 is a calculation result of the patch antenna X
- FIG. 8 is a calculation result of the patch antenna 30 in which the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are installed.
- 7 and 8 are diagrams showing the relationship between the elevation angle and the average gain.
- the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle
- the vertical axis represents the average gain.
- the average gains at elevation angles of 20 °, 25 °, and 30 ° are ⁇ 0.7 dBic, 0.5 dBic, and 1.5 dBic.
- FIG. 7 is a calculation result of the patch antenna X
- FIG. 8 is a calculation result of the patch antenna 30 in which the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are installed.
- 7 and 8 are diagrams showing the relationship between the elevation angle and the average gain.
- the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle
- the vertical axis represents the average gain.
- the average gains at elevation angles of 20 °, 25 °, and 30 ° are ⁇ 0.7 dBic, 0.5 dBic
- the average gains at elevation angles of 20 °, 25 °, and 30 ° are 0.3 dBic, 1.3 dBic, and 1.2 dBic. Is. Therefore, the patch antenna 30 on which the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are installed has a higher average gain at a low elevation angle of 20 ° to 30 ° than the patch antenna X.
- the patch antenna 30 can efficiently receive the incoming radio wave having a low elevation angle.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 are diagrams showing the relationship between the elevation angle and the average gain.
- the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle and the vertical axis represents the average gain.
- the patch antenna 30 in which the distance D is set to 12 mm or 32 mm has a higher average gain at a low elevation angle of 20 ° to 30 ° than the patch antenna X.
- the patch antenna 30 in which the distance D is set to 48 mm has a lower average gain at a low elevation angle of 20 ° to 30 ° than the patch antenna X. Therefore, in order for the extending portions 36b to 39b to contribute to the improvement of the gain at a low elevation angle, the distance D from the extending portions 36b to 39b to the outer edge of the radiating element 35 is set to 32 mm (1/4 of the wavelength used). The following is preferable.
- the feeding method of the patch antenna 30 is changed from the two feeding method to the one feeding method.
- the reference conditions were adopted, and the gains of the patch antenna 30 and the patch antenna X of the one feeding method were calculated.
- the lengths of the sides 35a and 35c of the radiating element 35 were set to 19.9 mm, and the lengths of the sides 35b and 35c were set to 21.7 mm.
- the feeding point 41a is set at a position shifted from the center point 35p of the radiating element 35 in the positive direction on the X-axis and the negative direction on the Y-axis.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the calculation result of the patch antenna 30 of the one feeding system
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the calculation result of the patch antenna X of the one feeding system.
- 12 and 13 are diagrams showing the relationship between the elevation angle and the average gain.
- the 1-feed type patch antenna 30 is more like the 2-feed type patch antenna 30 than the 1-feed type and 2-feed type patch antenna X.
- the height H is 9 mm
- the heights of the support columns 36a to 39a are adjusted so as to be lower than the height (13 mm) from the base 11 to the radiating element 35. .. Therefore, the positions of the extending portions 36b to 39b in the Z-axis direction are deviated from the position of the radiating element 35 in the Z-axis direction in the negative direction of the Z-axis.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the calculation result of the patch antenna 30A in which the height H is changed to 9 mm under the reference condition. As is clear from comparing FIGS. 7, 9 and 15, the patch antenna 30A can efficiently receive incoming radio waves having a lower elevation angle than the patch antenna X, like the patch antenna 30.
- the height H is set lower than the height from the base 11 to the surface of the radiating element 15 (13 mm), but the height H is set to, for example, 15 mm, which is higher than the height to the surface of the radiating element 15. May be.
- the calculation result is omitted, but even in such a case, the incoming radio wave having a lower elevation angle than the patch antenna X can be efficiently received.
- the characteristics of the patch antenna 30 can be adjusted by adjusting the height H.
- the height of the patch antenna 30 can be lowered. Therefore, the height of the in-vehicle antenna device 10 including the patch antenna 30 can also be lowered.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view of an example of the patch antenna 30B in which the offset amount is changed.
- the position of the midpoint of the extending portions 37b and 39b in the X-axis direction deviates from the position of the midpoint of the sides 35b and 35d of the radiating element 35 in the X-axis direction in the direction of turning of the left-handed circular polarization.
- the position of the midpoint of the extending portions 36b and 38b in the Y-axis direction is deviated from the position of the midpoint of the sides 35a and 35c of the radiating element 35 in the Y-axis direction in the turning direction of the left-handed circular polarization.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the elevation angle and the average gain when the offset amount in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is 14 mm.
- the patch antenna 30B can increase the gain at a lower elevation angle than the patch antenna X, like the patch antenna 30 without offset.
- the position of the midpoint of the extending portions 37b and 39b in the X-axis direction is opposite to the turning direction of the left-handed circular polarization from the position of the midpoint of the sides 35b and 35d of the radiating element 35 in the X-axis direction. It may shift. Further, the position of the midpoint of the extending portions 36b and 38b in the Y-axis direction is opposite to the turning direction of the left-handed circular polarization from the position of the midpoint of the sides 35a and 35c of the radiating element 35 in the Y-axis direction. It may be off. Although detailed calculation results are omitted here, even in such a case, the gain of the low elevation angle can be improved as in FIG.
- the gain of the low elevation angle can be improved even when the offset amount is set, but the gain extends to the outside of each range of the sides 35a to 35d of the radiating element 35.
- the protrusions 36b to 39d appear. Therefore, in such a configuration, the size of the patch antenna 30B becomes large. Therefore, it is preferable to set an offset amount in which each of the extending portions 36b to 39d falls within the range of the sides 35a to 35d. By setting the offset amount in this way, the space of the patch antenna can be reduced.
- the extending portions 36b to 39d are on the respective sides of the dielectric member 34. If it is inside the range, the space of the patch antenna can be reduced. Therefore, at least the extending portions 36b to 39d need only be inside the range of each side of the dielectric member 34.
- the direction in which the extending portions 36b to 39b extend from the support portions 36a to 39a is the same as the turning direction of the left-handed circularly polarized wave received. Not limited to.
- the direction in which the extending portions 36b to 39b extend from the support columns 36a to 39a, respectively, is simply referred to as the orientation of the extending portions 36b to 39b.
- the directions of the extending portions 36b to 39b are opposite to the directions of the swirling of the circularly polarized waves received.
- the directions of the extending portions 37b and 38b are the same as the directions of the swirling of the circularly polarized waves received.
- the directions of the extending portions 36b and 39b are opposite to the directions of the swirling of the received circularly polarized waves.
- the directions of the extending portions 37b and 39b are opposite to the directions of the swirling of the circularly polarized waves received.
- the directions of the extending portions 36b and 38b are the same as the directions of the swirling of the received circularly polarized waves. Therefore, in the patch antenna 30E, the tip of the extension portion 36b and the tip of the extension portion 37b face each other, and the extension portion 38b and the tip of the extension portion 39b face each other.
- each of the extending portions 36b to 39b extends from the outside of the sides 35a to 35d closest to the extending portions 36b to 39b toward the center point 35p of the radiating element 35. .. That is, the extending portions 36b to 39b extend from the outer edge of the radiating element 35 toward the center point 35p. However, the tips of the extending portions 36b to 39b are located at positions that do not overlap with the radiating element 35.
- the entire extending portion 36b to 39b is located outside the outer edge of the radiating element 35 when viewed in the normal direction of the radiating surface of the radiating element 35, that is, in the negative direction of the Z axis. That is, in a plan view viewed from a direction orthogonal to the radiation plane of the radiation element 35 (Z-axis direction), the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are the radiation elements 36 to 39 (extending portions 36b to 39b). It is provided on the base 11 so as not to overlap the 35. As a result, it is possible to prevent the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 from adversely affecting the radio waves from the radiating element 35.
- each of the extending portions 36b to 39b is directed from the outside of the sides 35a to 35d closest to the extending portions 36b to 39b toward the direction opposite to the center point 35p of the radiating element 35. It is extended.
- the gains of the patch antennas 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F, and 30G were calculated.
- the conditions other than the orientation of the extension portions 36b to 39b are the same as the reference conditions in Table 1.
- the distance D from the support columns 36a to 39a to the outer edge of the radiating element 35 is set to 24 mm.
- FIG. 23 is the calculation result of the patch antenna 30C of FIG. 18,
- FIG. 24 is the calculation result of the patch antenna 30D of FIG. 19, and
- FIG. 25 is the calculation result of the patch antenna 30E of FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a calculation result of the patch antenna 30F of FIG. 21, and
- FIG. 27 is a calculation result of the patch antenna 30G of FIG. 22.
- the patch antennas 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F, and 30G of FIGS. 18 to 22 are similar to the patch antenna 30 of FIG. It is possible to increase the gain of a lower elevation angle than the patch antenna X.
- the direction of the extension portions 36b to 39b shown in FIG. 3 is the direction of the turning of the left-handed circular polarization
- the direction of the extension portions 36b to 39b shown in FIG. 19 is the left-handed circular polarization.
- the patch antenna 30C opposite to the direction of the wave turning is compared.
- FIG. 9 which is the calculation result of the patch antenna 30 and FIG. 23 which is the calculation result of the patch antenna 30C the patch antenna 30 has a higher gain from the medium elevation angle to the high elevation angle than the patch antenna 30C.
- the extending direction of the extending portions 36b to 39b of the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 is the same as the turning direction of the circularly polarized wave, the incoming radio waves are efficiently received as a whole from the low elevation angle to the high elevation angle. can.
- the patch antennas 30D and 30E are from a medium elevation angle more than the patch antenna 30E. It can efficiently receive incoming radio waves with a high elevation angle. Therefore, if at least one of the extension portions 36b to 39b has the same extension direction as the turning direction of the circularly polarized wave, the gain at the low elevation angle is not sacrificed at the gain from the medium elevation angle to the high elevation angle. Can be improved.
- the extension portions 36b to 39b affect the gain from the medium elevation angle to the high elevation angle, and the support portions 36a to 39a improve the gain of the low elevation angle. It is thought to contribute.
- the patch antenna 30 receives left-handed circular polarization, but may also receive linear polarization.
- the one feeding method is adopted, and the feeding point 41a is deviated from the center point of the radiating element 35 in the positive direction of the X-axis.
- the main plane of polarization is a plane defined by a straight line connecting the center point of the radiation element 35 and the feeding point and the normal line of the radiation element 35. Therefore, the main plane of polarization is parallel to the XZ plane.
- the sub-main polarization plane is a plane orthogonal to the main polarization plane and passing through the center point of the radiating element 35. Therefore, the cross-polarization plane is parallel to the YZ plane.
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the patch antenna 30H that receives linearly polarized waves.
- the patch antenna 30H is an antenna in which the non-feeding elements 37 and 39 are removed from the patch antenna 30 shown in FIG. 3 and only two non-feeding elements 36 and 38 are provided.
- the non-feeding elements 36 and 38 are provided at positions facing each other with the radiating element 35 in the linear direction connecting the feeding point 43a of the radiating element 35 and the center point 35P in the shape of the radiating element 35. ..
- the distance D between the non-feeding elements 36 and 38 and the radiating element 35 is 24 mm (3/16 ⁇ wavelength used).
- the main polarization plane is the XZ plane
- the non-feeding elements 36 and 38 intersect the main polarization planes.
- FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the patch antenna 30I that receives linearly polarized waves.
- the non-feeding elements 36 and 38 are removed from the patch antenna 30 shown in FIG. 3, and only two non-feeding elements 37 and 38 are provided.
- the patch antenna 30H as shown in FIG. 29 receives linearly polarized waves, the non-feeding elements 37 and 39 intersect the cross-polarized plane.
- the patch antenna X is the same as the patch antennas 30H and 30I except that the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are not provided.
- various conditions other than the feeding method and the polarization are the same as the reference conditions in Table 1.
- FIGS. 30, 32 and 34 are diagrams of radiation patterns showing the long-distance realized gain in the main polarization plane of linear polarization in a polar coordinate system.
- the Z-axis positive direction is 0 °
- the X-axis positive direction and the X-axis negative direction are 90 °.
- FIGS. 31, 33 and 35 are diagrams of radiation patterns showing the long-distance realized gain in the cross-polarized plane of linearly polarized waves in a polar coordinate system.
- the radiation pattern in the patch antenna 30H that is, the shape surrounded by the curve is wider in the direction of 90 ° than the radiation pattern in the patch antenna X.
- the radiation pattern in the patch antenna 30H is narrower in the direction of 90 ° than the radiation pattern in the patch antenna X.
- the patch antenna 30H provided with the non-feeding elements 36 and 38 has a lower gain in the low elevation angle on the cross-polarization plane than the patch antenna X, but has a higher gain in the low elevation angle on the main polarization plane.
- the non-feeding elements 36 and 38 may be arranged at positions facing each other with the radiation element 35 sandwiched along the main polarization plane. preferable.
- the support columns 36a to 39a are perpendicular to the radiating element 35, but the present invention is not limited to this. May be good. Even when the support columns 36a to 39a are provided so as to be inclined with respect to the base 11, the distance from the base end to the top of the support column portions 36a to 39a may be set as "height H".
- the strut portion 36a and the extending portion 36b are bent from the strut portion 36a to form a right angle, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the strut portion 36a and the extending portion 36b have an acute angle or an obtuse angle. May be. Further, each of the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 may be formed by bending a rod-shaped conductive member. Therefore, "bending" may be bent.
- the radiating element 35 is "substantially a quadrilateral", but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a polygon other than a circle, an ellipse, or a substantially quadrilateral.
- the radiating element 35 is, for example, circular
- the extending portions 36b to 39b may have an arc shape along the outer edge of the radiating element 35. Even if such a radiating element or a non-feeding element is used, the gain of a low elevation angle can be improved.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a patch antenna 30J having one extending portion along the turning direction of circularly polarized waves.
- the extending portion 36b is extended along the turning direction (extending along the turning direction), but the extending portions 37b to 39b are extended in the direction opposite to the turning direction. There is.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a patch antenna 30K having three extending portions along the turning direction of circularly polarized waves.
- the extending portions 36b, 37b, 39b extend along the turning direction (extended along the turning direction), but the extending portion 38b extends in the direction opposite to the turning direction.
- the characteristics of the patch antenna can be adjusted by changing the number of extending portions along the turning direction of the circular polarization.
- the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are bent rods, but for example, four separate plate-shaped metal members may be bent and installed as the non-feeding elements 36 to 39.
- a grounded frame-shaped non-feeding element 100 is installed within a quarter of the frequency used so as to surround the radiation element 35. Is also good. By providing such a frame-shaped non-feeding element 100 around the radiating element 35, it is possible to improve the gain of the low elevation angle of the patch antenna 30L.
- the patch antenna 30 of the present embodiment is provided in the in-vehicle antenna device 10, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the patch antenna 30 may be provided in the housing of a general shark fin antenna.
- the patch antenna 30 may be provided in the antenna device mounted on the instrument panel. In such a case, the patch antenna 30 may be directly provided on a metal plate or the like corresponding to the base 11.
- the patch antenna 30 of this embodiment has been described above.
- the non-feeding elements 36 to 39, 100 are provided around the radiating element 35, that is, outside the outer edge of the radiating element 35. Therefore, by using such patch antennas 30 and 30L, the gain at a low elevation angle can be improved. Further, with such a configuration, even when the area of the ground is small, the gain at a low elevation angle can be improved, and the miniaturization of the antenna device and the patch antenna is not hindered.
- a frame-shaped non-feeding element 100 may be provided as in the patch antenna 30L, but in the patch antenna 30, a position where a plurality of non-feeding elements 36 to 39 are separated outward from the outer edge of the radiating element 35 by a distance D. It is provided in. By providing the plurality of non-feeding elements 36 to 39 in this way, it is possible to improve the gain at a low elevation angle.
- the distance D between the non-feeding elements 36 to 39 is one-fourth or less of the wavelength used (wavelength of the desired frequency band).
- the total length of the non-feeding element 36 of the present embodiment is one-fourth or less of the operating frequency (wavelength of a desired frequency band).
- the non-feeding element 36 operates as a waveguide. Therefore, the patch antenna 30 can improve the gain of the low elevation angle.
- the patch antenna 30 can improve the gain of a low elevation angle even when receiving not only circularly polarized waves but also linearly polarized waves.
- the non-feeding elements 36 and 38 are arranged along the main polarization plane of the radiating element 35 and at positions facing each other with the radiating element 35 interposed therebetween. By arranging the non-feeding elements 36, 38 at such a position, the gain of the low elevation angle can be improved.
- the patch antenna 30 can improve the gain of the low elevation angle even when the radiating element 35 receives the circularly polarized wave.
- the extending portion 36b is bent and extends from the top of the strut portion 36a with respect to the strut portion 36a. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the height from becoming too high while keeping the total length of the non-feeding element 36 as a desired length. Therefore, by using such a non-feeding element 36, the patch antenna 30 can be miniaturized.
- the gain can be improved as a whole from the low elevation angle to the high elevation angle. ..
- the radiating element 35 is a "substantially quadrilateral", and for example, the extending portion 36b is provided parallel to the nearest side of the radiating element 35.
- “parallel” includes substantially parallel, and the non-feeding element 36 may be installed with respect to the radiating element 35 so that the effect of the non-feeding element 36 can be obtained.
- the height H (distance) from the base 11 to the non-feeding element 36 is substantially the same as or lower (shorter) than the height (distance) from the base 11 to the radiating element 35. Therefore, the patch antenna 30 using the non-feeding element 36 can be miniaturized.
- the non-feeding element 36 and the like are arranged so as not to overlap the radiating element 35 in a plan view of the radiating surface of the radiating element 35 from the Z-axis direction. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the radio wave of the radiating element 35 from being adversely affected.
- in-vehicle means that it can be mounted on a vehicle, and therefore, it is not limited to the one attached to the vehicle, but also includes the one brought into the vehicle and used in the vehicle.
- the antenna device of the present embodiment is used for a "vehicle” which is a vehicle with wheels, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, a flying object such as a drone, a probe, or a construction machine without wheels. , Agricultural machinery, ships and other moving objects.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、車載用アンテナ装置10が取り付けられた車両1の前部の側面図である。以下、車載用アンテナ装置10が取り付けられる車両の前後方向をX方向、X方向と垂直な左右方向をY方向、X方向とY方向に垂直な鉛直方向をZ方向とする。また、車両の運転席からフロント側(前側)を+X方向、右側を+Y方向とし、天頂方向(上方向)を+Z方向とする。以下、本実施形態では、車載用アンテナ装置10の前後、左右、及び上下のそれぞれの方向は、車両の前後、左右、及び上下の方向と同じであるとして説明する。
図2は車載用アンテナ装置10の分解斜視図である。車載用アンテナ装置10は、動作する周波数帯が異なる複数のアンテナを含むアンテナ装置であり、ベース11、ケース12、アンテナ21~26、及びパッチアンテナ30を備える。
以下、図3~図6を参照して、パッチアンテナ30について詳細に説明する。図3は、パッチアンテナ30の斜視図であり、図4は、図3のA-A線のパッチアンテナ30の断面図であり、図5及ぶ図6は、パッチアンテナ30の平面図である。
無給電素子36~39は、図3に示すようにL字状に屈曲した導電性の棒状部材である。無給電素子36~39の各々は、パッチアンテナ30の放射素子35の周囲において、ベース11に設けられている。ここで、無給電素子36~39と、ベースとは電気的に接続されているため、無給電素子36~39の各々は接地されることになる。
ところで、無給電素子36~39は、導波器として動作し、放射素子35は、2.3GHz帯の左旋円偏波を受信する。したがって、無給電素子36~39の設置位置や方向を変化させることにより、放射素子35で受信する電波は影響を受ける。このため、まず、無給電素子36~39の設置条件について、図6を参照しつつ説明する。なお、図6には、放射素子35が受信する左旋円偏波の旋回の向きが、矢印Aによって示されている。
図6に示すように、支柱部36a~39aは、それぞれ放射素子35の外縁から外側に離間しているとともに、放射素子35の法線、つまりZ軸に対して平行である。
図6に示すように、延出部36b~39bは、それぞれ支柱部36a~39aの頂部から左旋円偏波の旋回方向に沿うように、左旋円偏波の旋回の向きに延出する。つまり、Z軸負方向に見て、延出部36b~39bがそれぞれ支柱部36a~39aから反時計回りの向きに延出する。なお、詳細は後述するが、このような方向に無給電素子36~39を設置することにより、パッチアンテナ30の低仰角の利得を向上させることができる。
本実施形態で「高さ」とは、例えば、ベース11から、対象までの距離をいう。例えば、図4において、支柱部36a~39aの接地された基端、つまりベース11から、支柱部36a~39aの頂部までの距離を「高さH」とする。ここでは、ベース11から、Z軸方向に沿って支柱部36a~39aの頂部までの高さは、ベース11からZ軸方向に沿って放射素子35までの高さに等しくなるよう、支柱部36a~39aの高さHが調整されている。このため、ベース11からZ軸方向に沿って延出部36b~39bまでの高さも、ベース11からZ軸方向に沿って放射素子35までの高さに等しくなる。したがって、パッチアンテナ30において、Z軸方向における延出部36b~39bの位置は、Z軸方向における放射素子35の位置に揃っており、延出部36b~39b及び放射素子35は同一のXY平面上にある。
また、図6に示すように、X軸方向における放射素子35の辺35b(または、辺35d)の中点の位置から、対象がX軸方向に沿ってずれた距離をX軸方向オフセット量とする。さらに、Y軸方向における放射素子35の辺35a(または、辺35c)の中点の位置から、対象がY軸方向に沿ってずれた距離をY軸方向オフセット量とする。
ここで、表1の条件(以下、「基準条件」と称する。)において、パッチアンテナ30、及び比較例のパッチアンテナ(以下、パッチアンテナXと称する。)の利得を計算した。なお、パッチアンテナX(不図示)とは、パッチアンテナ30において無給電素子36~39が設けられていないもの、つまり、パッチアンテナ30の本体部のみを用いたアンテナである。また、パッチアンテナ30及パッチアンテナXのシミュレーションにあたっては、便宜上、利得への影響の小さい回路パターン31a等を省略したモデルを用いている。
ここで、無給電素子の設置条件を変更した場合について説明する。なお、以下に説明する条件を2以上変更させ、を組み合わせて適用してもよい。
まず、無給電素子36~39の設置条件のうち、距離Dを変化させた場合のパッチアンテナ30の特性について検証する。なお、距離D以外のパッチアンテナ30の各種条件(例えば、パッチアンテナ30の主要部の物理的なサイズ、給電方式)等は、上述した基準条件と同じである。
つぎに、パッチアンテナ30の給電方式を、2給電方式から1給電方式に変更した場合について説明する。なお、ここでは、放射素子35のサイズ及び給電方式以外は、基準条件を採用し、1給電方式のパッチアンテナ30及びパッチアンテナXの利得を計算した。放射素子35の辺35a,35cの長さは、19.9mmに設定し、辺35b,35cの長さは、21.7mmに設定した。さらに、本実施形態では、図5の2点鎖線に示すように、放射素子35の中心点35pからX軸正方向及びY軸負方向にずらした位置に給電点41aを設定した。
図4に示すように、パッチアンテナ30では、延出部36b~39b及び放射素子35は同一のXY平面上にある。しかしながら、ベース11から延出部36b~39bまでの高さHを変更し、延出部36b~39bを、放射素子35の存するXY平面とは異なるXY平面上に設けてもよい。
図5及び図6に示すように、パッチアンテナ30では、X軸方向オフセット量、及びY軸方向のオフセット量は、ともに0mmであるが、これらを変更しても良い。
図3に示すように、上述のパッチアンテナ30では、延出部36b~39bがそれぞれ支柱部36a~39aから延出する向きは、受信する左旋円偏波の旋回の向きと同じであるがこれに限られない。なお、延出部36b~39bがそれぞれ支柱部36a~39aから延出する向きを、単に、延出部36b~39bの向きと称する。
パッチアンテナ30は、左旋円偏波を受信するものであるが、直線偏波を受信するものでもよい。このような場合、1給電方式が採用され、給電点41aが放射素子35の中心点からX軸正方向にずれることになる。そして、主偏波面は、放射素子35の中心点と、給電点とを結ぶ直線及び放射素子35の法線によって定義される平面である。このため、主偏波面は、XZ平面に対して平行である。また、副主偏波面は、主偏波面に対して直交するとともに放射素子35の中心点を通る平面である。このため、交差偏波面はYZ平面に対して平行である。
パッチアンテナ30では、4体の無給電素子36~39がパッチアンテナ30の本体部の周囲に設けられているが、無給電素子の数はこれに限られない。例えば、パッチアンテナ30の放射素子35の各辺に、無給電素子が複数設けられていても良い。
パッチアンテナ30では、支柱部36a~39aが放射素子35に対して垂直であるがこれに限られず、例えば、放射素子35の放射面に対して垂直な線、つまりZ軸に対して傾斜してもよい。支柱部36a~39aがベース11に対して傾斜して設けられている場合であっても、支柱部36a~39aの基端から頂部までの距離を「高さH」としても良い。
無給電素子36では、支柱部36aと延出部36bが支柱部36aから屈曲し、直角をなしているが、これに限られず、例えば、支柱部36aと延出部36bが鋭角又は鈍角をなしても良い。また、無給電素子36~39の各々は、棒状の導電性部材が湾曲して形成されても良い。このため、「屈曲」とは、曲がっていれば良い。
パッチアンテナ30では、放射素子35が「略四辺形」であるが、これに限られず、例えば、円形、楕円形、略四辺形以外の多角形であっても良い。そして、放射素子35が、例えば円形である場合、延出部36b~39bは、放射素子35の外縁に沿って弧状の形状を有していても良い。このような放射素子や無給電素子を用いるであっても、低仰角の利得を改善することができる。
上述したパッチアンテナ30は、4つの延出部が円偏波の旋回方向に沿って延出され、パッチアンテナ30Dは、2つの延出部が円偏波の旋回方向に沿って延出されているが、これに限られない。
パッチアンテナ30では、無給電素子36~39が屈曲した棒体であるが、例えば、無給電素子36~39として、4つの別々の板状の金属部材を屈曲して設置しても良い。また、例えば、図38に示すパッチアンテナ30Lのように、放射素子35の周囲を囲むよう、接地された枠状の無給電素子100を、使用周波数の4分の1以内の範囲に設置しても良い。このような、枠状の無給電素子100を、放射素子35の周囲に設けることにより、パッチアンテナ30Lの低仰角の利得を向上することができる。
以上、本実施形態のパッチアンテナ30について説明した。例えば、パッチアンテナ30,30Lでは、無給電素子36~39,100が放射素子35の周囲、つまり放射素子35の外縁の外側に設けられている。このため、このようなパッチアンテナ30,30Lを用いることによりは、低仰角における利得を向上させることができる。また、このような構成とすることにより、グランドの面積が小さい場合であっても、低仰角における利得を向上することができ、かつ、アンテナ装置及びパッチアンテナの小型化を妨げることがない。
2 ルーフパネル
3 ルーフライニング
4 空洞
10 車載用アンテナ装置
11 ベース
11a 台座部
12 ケース
21~26 アンテナ
30,30A~30L パッチアンテナ
31,33 パターン
31a 回路パターン
31b グランドパターン
32 回路基板
34 誘電体部材
35 放射素子
35a~35d 辺
35p 中心点
36~39,100 無給電素子
36a~39a 支柱部
36b~39b 延出部
41 貫通孔
42 給電線
43a 給電点
45 同軸ケーブル
45a 信号線
45b 編組
Claims (11)
- 誘電体部材と、
前記誘電体部材に設けられた放射素子と、
前記誘電体部材及び前記放射素子の周囲に設けられ、接地される少なくとも一つの無給電素子と、
を備えるパッチアンテナ。 - 前記放射素子の周囲には、複数の前記無給電素子が設けられ、
前記複数の前記無給電素子の各々は、前記放射素子の外縁から所定距離離間した位置に設けられる、
請求項1に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - 前記所定距離は、所望の周波数帯の波長の4分の1以下である、
請求項2に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - 前記無給電素子は、接地された端部から先端までの長さが所望の周波数帯の波長の4分の1以下の屈曲した導体である、
請求項2または3に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - 前記放射素子は、直線偏波の電磁波を受信する素子であり、
前記複数の前記無給電素子の各々は、前記放射素子の給電点と前記放射素子の形状における中心点とを結ぶ直線方向において、前記放射素子を挟んで互いに対向する位置に設けられる、
請求項2~4の何れか一項に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - 前記放射素子は、円偏波の電磁波を受信する素子である、
請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - ベースをさらに備え、
前記無給電素子は、
前記ベースに設けられる支柱部と、
前記支柱部の頂部から、前記支柱部に対して屈曲して延出する延出部と、
を有する
請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - ベースをさらに備え、
前記無給電素子は、
前記ベースに設けられる支柱部と、
前記支柱部の頂部から、前記支柱部に対して屈曲して延出する延出部と、
を有し
前記延出部は、前記支柱部の頂部から円偏波の旋回方向に沿うように延出される、
請求項6に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - 前記放射素子は、略四辺形の形状であり、
前記延出部は、前記放射素子の辺と平行に設けられている、
請求項7又は請求項8に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - 前記支柱部の接地された端部から頂部までの距離は、前記ベースから前記放射素子の位置までの距離と略同じ又はより短い、
請求項7~9の何れか一項に記載のパッチアンテナ。 - 前記無給電素子は、前記放射素子の放射面に直交する方向から見た平面視において、前記放射素子に重ならないよう配置される、
請求項2~10の何れか一項に記載のパッチアンテナ。
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EP21910725.7A EP4270649A4 (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | PATCH ANTENNA |
US18/268,605 US20240047879A1 (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | Patch antenna |
CN202180085134.6A CN116783781A (zh) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | 贴片天线 |
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JP2020213444A JP2022099596A (ja) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | パッチアンテナ |
JP2020-213444 | 2020-12-23 |
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US (1) | US20240047879A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4270649A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2022099596A (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2022138582A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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CN117134109A (zh) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-11-28 | 东莞理工学院 | 一种基于电磁耦合的宽带圆极化导航天线 |
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JP2008219574A (ja) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-18 | Samsung Yokohama Research Institute Co Ltd | アンテナ装置、及び無線装置 |
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US9941595B2 (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2018-04-10 | Novatel Inc. | Patch antenna with peripheral parasitic monopole circular arrays |
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2020
- 2020-12-23 JP JP2020213444A patent/JP2022099596A/ja active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-12-20 WO PCT/JP2021/047073 patent/WO2022138582A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-12-20 US US18/268,605 patent/US20240047879A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-20 EP EP21910725.7A patent/EP4270649A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-12-20 CN CN202180085134.6A patent/CN116783781A/zh active Pending
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JP2006261941A (ja) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-28 | Ricoh Co Ltd | アンテナ装置、無線モジュールおよび無線システム |
JP2008252857A (ja) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-10-16 | Toto Ltd | 高周波センサ装置 |
WO2008105126A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Nec Corporation | アレイアンテナ、無線通信装置、およびアレイアンテナ制御方法 |
JP2008219574A (ja) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-18 | Samsung Yokohama Research Institute Co Ltd | アンテナ装置、及び無線装置 |
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CN117134109A (zh) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-11-28 | 东莞理工学院 | 一种基于电磁耦合的宽带圆极化导航天线 |
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US20240047879A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
EP4270649A1 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
JP2022099596A (ja) | 2022-07-05 |
CN116783781A (zh) | 2023-09-19 |
EP4270649A4 (en) | 2024-06-19 |
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