WO2022120560A1 - 一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂及其在制备肿瘤治疗药物中的应用 - Google Patents

一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂及其在制备肿瘤治疗药物中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2022120560A1
WO2022120560A1 PCT/CN2020/134461 CN2020134461W WO2022120560A1 WO 2022120560 A1 WO2022120560 A1 WO 2022120560A1 CN 2020134461 W CN2020134461 W CN 2020134461W WO 2022120560 A1 WO2022120560 A1 WO 2022120560A1
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mrna
inhibitor
immunosuppressant
seq
mrna encoding
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French (fr)
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胡勇
张苗苗
洪丹
胡迅
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深圳市瑞吉生物科技有限公司
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    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of tumor treatment, and in particular relates to an immunosuppressant in an mRNA dosage form and its application in preparing a drug for treating tumors.
  • Immune checkpoints refer to some inhibitory signaling pathways in the immune system that avoid tissue damage by regulating the persistence and strength of immune responses in peripheral tissues, and are involved in maintaining tolerance to self-antigens.
  • Inhibition of T cell activity using inhibitory signaling pathways of immune checkpoints is an important mechanism by which tumors evade immune killing.
  • antibody drugs developed by targeting co-inhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 have achieved great success in clinical applications, making tumor immunotherapy the most attractive research field. Therefore, targeting immune checkpoints has broad application prospects in anti-tumor immunotherapy.
  • CTLA-4" inhibitor one of the links in the immune evasion mechanism of tumors is that dendritic immune cells (DC cells) in the lymph nodes cannot transmit tumor information to naive T lymphocytes, so that naive T lymphocytes cannot Activated to mature T lymphocyte stage. Most of this happens because of the presence of a protein called CTLA-4, which sits on the surface of naive T lymphocytes and, once functional, prevents DCs carrying tumor messages from stimulating naive T lymphocytes. The activation of cells, in other words, in the presence of the protein CTLA-4, the number of mature T lymphocytes produced in the body that can kill tumors will be greatly reduced, so that people do not have enough immune cells to deal with the invasion of tumor cells. Once the "CTLA-4" inhibitor is combined with CTLA-4, naive T lymphocytes will be transformed into mature T lymphocytes that can kill tumors in large numbers, so the ability to kill tumor cells is greatly enhanced.
  • DC cells dendritic immune cells
  • PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are the most promising immunotherapy drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors at present. If subdivided, they can be divided into “PD-1” inhibitors (that is, we often said “O” drugs, "K” drugs) and “PD-L1” inhibitors. Although they are two kinds of drugs, their anti-tumor mechanisms are basically the same.
  • PD-1 that is, we often said "O” drugs, "K” drugs
  • P-L1 drugs
  • One of the most critical aspects of tumor cells evading immune attack is that tumor cells "make up” so that activated T lymphocytes cannot be recognized. It's like the "enemy” is hiding in the vast crowd, so that the "special forces" can't find the target to attack.
  • PD-1 and PD-L1 play a key role here; PD-1 and PD-L1 are located on the surface of activated T lymphocytes and tumor cells, respectively. Once the two are combined, “special forces" mature T lymphocytes It will treat tumor cells as “friends” instead of attacking them. After the "PD-1” inhibitor or “PD-L1” inhibitor enters the body, it can bind to PD-1 or PD-L1, thus preventing the combination of PD-1 and PD-L1, thereby allowing tumor cells to appear Out of the original, unable to escape the pursuit of "special forces" mature T lymphocytes.
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors are fundamentally different from traditional anti-tumor drugs. They do not target tumor cells directly to kill them, but regulate people's own
  • the purpose of immune function is to change the inherent relationship between immune cells and tumor cells, change the microenvironment of tumor cells, stimulate the huge potential of immune cells to attack tumors, and use autoimmune cells to kill tumors, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of tumor treatment. .
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are drugs that put the brakes on the immune system and also help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to treat patients with various types of cancer, such as those with breast, bladder, cervical, colon, head and neck, liver, lung, skin, stomach and rectal cancers.
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors are in the form of proteins. Once these proteins enter the body, they can quickly bind to other proteins present in our body (on immune cells or on tumor cells), so that immune cells have The ability to kill tumor cells or recognize tumor cells.
  • disadvantages such as high immunogenicity, short in vivo half-life, and high cost.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an immunosuppressant in mRNA dosage form and its application in the preparation of a drug for the treatment of tumors. significant advantage.
  • the present invention provides an immunosuppressant in an mRNA dosage form, comprising an mRNA encoding a CTLA-4 inhibitor.
  • the mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor comprises the sequences shown in SEQ ID No.1 and SEQ ID No.2.
  • the present invention provides an immunosuppressant in mRNA dosage form, including mRNA encoding PD-1 inhibitor.
  • the mRNA encoding the PD-1 inhibitor comprises the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 3-4 or the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 5-6.
  • the present invention provides an immunosuppressant in mRNA dosage form, including mRNA encoding PD-L1 inhibitor.
  • the mRNA encoding the PD-L1 inhibitor comprises the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 7-8, the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 9-10 or the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 11-12.
  • the present invention provides an immunosuppressant in mRNA dosage form, comprising two or three of mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor, mRNA encoding PD-1 inhibitor and mRNA encoding PD-L1 inhibitor.
  • mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor and mRNA encoding PD-1 inhibitor are included.
  • mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor and mRNA encoding PD-L1 inhibitor are included.
  • mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor mRNA encoding PD-1 inhibitor and mRNA encoding PD-L1 inhibitor are included.
  • uracil is replaced with pseudouracil.
  • the present invention provides the application of the immunosuppressant or the compound immunosuppressant in the treatment of tumors, and the immunosuppressant is introduced into a patient.
  • the manner of introducing includes injection.
  • the tumor comprises human non-small cell lung cancer.
  • the present invention provides the application of the immunosuppressant or the compound immunosuppressant in preparing a medicament for treating tumors.
  • the tumor comprises human non-small cell lung cancer.
  • the concentration of the immunosuppressant in the medicine is 5-15 mg/mL.
  • the immunosuppressant in the RNA dosage form provided by the present invention After the immunosuppressant in the RNA dosage form provided by the present invention is transfected into cells, it can express the corresponding inhibitors of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins, and play the role of the corresponding protein inhibitor; the immunosuppressive effect of the RNA dosage form Compared with protein-based immunosuppressants, the mRNA-based immunosuppressants of the present invention have low immunogenicity, long in vivo half-life, and low cost. The advantages of low cost and high drug stability.
  • Figure 1 shows the comparison results of the half-lives of mRNA-type immunosuppressants and protein-type immunosuppressants in vivo; A is inhibitor 1 and inhibitor 2, B is inhibitor 3 and inhibitor 4, and C is inhibitor 5 and inhibitor 6.
  • Figure 2 is a comparison of chemically modified mRNA (replacing uracil with pseudouracil) and unmodified mRNA in terms of high expression efficiency, immunogenicity and half-life, wherein A is chemically modified mRNA and non-chemically modified mRNA.
  • A is chemically modified mRNA and non-chemically modified mRNA.
  • B is the concentration of the expression products of chemically modified mRNA and non-chemically modified mRNA
  • C is the relative stability of chemically modified mRNA and non-chemically modified mRNA in mice;
  • Figure 3 shows the results of protein expression 24h after transfection of mRNA encoding CTAL4, PD1 and PDL-1 protein inhibitors into 293T cells;
  • Figure 4 is the 40-day tumor volume change of the immunosuppressant injected with mRNA dosage form in Example 1;
  • Figure 5 is the 40-day change in the body weight of the mice injected with the immunosuppressant in the mRNA dosage form in Example 1;
  • Figure 6 shows the proportion of CD8+ in tumor-infiltrating T cells in mice after injection of the immunosuppressant in the mRNA dosage form according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 shows the changes in the survival rate of mice after administration.
  • the present invention provides an immunosuppressant in an mRNA dosage form, comprising an mRNA encoding a CTLA-4 inhibitor.
  • the mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor preferably includes the sequences shown in SEQ ID No.1 and SEQ ID No.2; the mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor includes SEQ ID No.1
  • the specific sequence of SEQ ID No.1 is as follows:
  • SEQ ID No.2 The specific sequence of SEQ ID No.2 is as follows:
  • the present invention also provides an immunosuppressant in an mRNA dosage form, including mRNA encoding a PD-1 inhibitor.
  • the mRNA encoding PD-1 inhibitor includes the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 3-4 or the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 5-6; in the mRNA encoding PD-1 inhibitor
  • SEQ ID No.3 and SEQ ID No.5 are the mRNA sequences of the heavy chain encoding the PD-1 inhibitor
  • SEQ ID No.4 and SEQ ID No.6 are the light chain encoding the PD-1 inhibitor.
  • chain mRNA sequence is as follows:
  • SEQ ID No.4 The specific sequence of SEQ ID No.4 is as follows:
  • SEQ ID No.5 The specific sequence of SEQ ID No.5 is as follows:
  • SEQ ID No.6 The specific sequence of SEQ ID No.6 is as follows:
  • the present invention also provides an immunosuppressant in an mRNA dosage form, comprising an mRNA encoding a PD-L1 inhibitor.
  • the mRNA encoding the PD-L1 inhibitor includes the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 7-8, the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 9-10, or the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 11-12 Sequence; in the sequence of the mRNA encoding the PD-L1 inhibitor, SEQ ID No.7, SEQ ID No.9, and SEQ ID No.11 are the mRNA sequences of the heavy chain encoding the PD-L1 inhibitor, SEQ ID No. 11 No.8, SEQ ID No.10, and SEQ ID No.12 are the mRNA sequences of the light chain encoding the PD-L1 inhibitor.
  • the present invention also provides a compound immunosuppressant in mRNA dosage form, comprising two or three kinds of mRNAs encoding CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 protein inhibitors.
  • the immunosuppressant preferably includes mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor and mRNA encoding PD-1 inhibitor; the immunosuppressant preferably includes mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor and encoding PD - mRNA for L1 inhibitor.
  • the combined use of mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor and mRNA encoding PD-1 inhibitor has a significant synergistic effect; the combined use of mRNA encoding CTLA-4 inhibitor and mRNA encoding PD-L1 inhibitor also has a significant synergistic effect.
  • the concentration of mRNA encoding CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 protein inhibitor in the compound immunosuppressant is equal.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the immunosuppressant in the treatment of tumors.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the type of the tumor, and all types of tumors commonly found in the art can be used.
  • human non-small cell lung cancer is taken as an example.
  • the immunosuppressant is preferably introduced into the tumor-bearing mice, the introduction is preferably injection, and the injection site is preferably intratumoral injection; the dose of the injection is preferably 80% ⁇ 120 ⁇ l, more preferably 100 ⁇ l, the concentration of the injected immunosuppressant is preferably 8-12 mg/ml, more preferably 10 mg/ml; the frequency of the injection is preferably once a week.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the immunosuppressant in the preparation of a medicament for treating tumors.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the type of the tumor, and any common tumor types in the art can be used.
  • human non-small cell lung cancer is taken as an example.
  • the concentration of the immunosuppressant in the medicine is preferably 5-15 mg/mL, more preferably 8-12 mg/mL, and most preferably 10 mg/mL; when a compound immunosuppressant is used, the concentration of the immunosuppressant in the medicine is preferably 5-15 mg/mL.
  • the concentration of mRNA encoding CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 protein inhibitor is preferably 8 to 12 mg/ml, and more preferably 10 mg/ml, respectively.
  • the medicine is an injection preparation, and the injection preparation preferably uses physiological saline as a solvent.
  • the immunosuppressant is preferably introduced into the tumor-bearing mice, the introduction is preferably injection, and the injection site is preferably intratumoral injection; the dose of the injection is preferably 80% ⁇ 120 ⁇ l, more preferably 100 ⁇ l, the concentration of the injected immunosuppressant is preferably 8-12 mg/ml, more preferably 10 mg/ml; the frequency of the injection is preferably once a week.
  • the uracil in the immunosuppressive agent of the mRNA dosage form is preferably replaced with pseudouracil, and in the specific mRNA synthesis process of the present invention, replacing uracil with pseudouracil can further enhance the stability of mRNA in vivo increase its half-life; increase the expression rate of the target protein and reduce the immunogenicity of mRNA.
  • the protein-type PD-1 inhibitor Inbibitor2 (20 ⁇ g/ ⁇ L, 500 ⁇ L), and the corresponding mRNA drug (10 ⁇ g/ ⁇ L, 100 ⁇ L) were injected into the tail vein of 6-week-old Balb/c mice, inhibitor2 is SEQ ID No. 3 ⁇ 4
  • the experimental method is as follows:
  • Greiner 96-well microtiter plate 25ml pipette tips, 1ml pipette tips, 300 ⁇ L pipette tips
  • Coating The volume of the coated sample is 100 ⁇ L, and the quality of the coated standard is 2ng, 0.2ng, 0.02ng, 0.002ng, 0.0002ng, 0.00002ng, and the calculated sample volume is diluted in coatingbuffer, and the volume is 100 ⁇ L . Pipettes were added to a 96-well plate, covered with a sealing film, and coated overnight at 4°C.
  • Blocking After washing the plate, dry the solution inside, add Blockingbuffer in a volume of 250 ⁇ L per well, then seal the plate with a sealing film, and seal at room temperature for 2 hours.
  • step 9) Washing the board:
  • step 7) to complete the board washing. In this step, be sure to wash the board and dry the solution.
  • Color development add 100 ⁇ l of TMB buffer, and protect from light for 20-30 minutes, at which time the positive sample appears blue.
  • Termination Add 100 ⁇ L of Stop buffer, read on the ELISA plate within 10 minutes, and set the absorption wavelength to 450 nm.
  • mRNA synthesis In vitro transcription synthesis of mRNA shown in SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 4, and mRNA shown in SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 4 with pseudouracil instead of uracil.
  • Inoculated mice 6-week-old Balb/c mice were injected into the tail vein of 6-week-old Balb/c mice with the above in vitro transcription synthesis of unmodified mRNAs shown in SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 4 and pseudouracil instead of uracil SEQ ID No. .3 and mRNA of SEQ ID No.4 (mRNA was dissolved in normal saline, the concentration was 10 ⁇ g/ ⁇ L, and the injection volume was 200 ⁇ L), at different time points (3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 2d, 3d, 5d, 7d, 9d , 12d) Orbital blood was collected from mice, and serum was separated. ELISA experiments were performed to detect the concentration of protein products or immune factors in serum, and fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to detect the stability of mRNA molecules in mice.
  • inhibitor2 protein standard mouse TNF alpha ELISA kit (ab46105), mouse IFNbeta ELISA kit (ab252363);
  • Greiner 96-well microtiter plate 25ml pipette tips, 1ml pipette tips, 300ul pipette tips
  • Coating The volume of the coated sample is 100 ⁇ L, and the quality of the coated standard is 2ng, 0.2ng, 0.02ng, 0.002ng, 0.0002ng, 0.00002ng, and the calculated sample volume is diluted in coatingbuffer, and the volume is 100 ⁇ L . Pipettes were added to a 96-well plate, covered with a sealing film, and coated overnight at 4°C.
  • Blocking After washing the plate, dry the solution inside, add Blockingbuffer in a volume of 250 ⁇ L per well, then seal the plate with a sealing film, and seal at room temperature for 2 hours.
  • step 7 Washing the board:
  • step 7 to complete the board washing. In this step, be sure to wash the board and dry the solution.
  • Color development add 100 ⁇ L of TMB buffer, and protect from light for 20 to 30 minutes. At this time, positive samples appear blue.
  • Termination Add 100 ⁇ L of Stop buffer, read on the ELISA plate within 10 minutes, and set the absorption wavelength to 450 nm.
  • Fluorescence quantitative PCR using iTaq TM Universal Green One-Step Kit, bio-rad 1725150.
  • HEK-293T cells purchased from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • HEK-293T cells purchased from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • inhibitor5 is shown in SEQ ID No.9 ⁇ 10
  • inhibitor6 is shown in SEQ ID No.11 ⁇ 12
  • negative control GFP-mRNA SEQ ID No.13
  • PBMCs were isolated from human peripheral blood cells using human peripheral blood lymphocyte separation medium (Daktronics, DKW-KLSH-0100). The specific steps are:
  • the tube After centrifugation, the tube is divided into three layers, the upper layer is plasma and Hanks solution, and the lower layer is mainly red blood cells and granulocytes.
  • the middle layer is the lymphocyte separation liquid, and there is a narrow white cloud layer dominated by mononuclear cells at the interface between the upper and middle layers, and the mononuclear cells include lymphocytes and monocytes.
  • NCGs mice purchased from JiCuiYaoKang
  • 10 6 cells were injected into each mouse.
  • the blood of the mice was taken for flow cytometry analysis, and the human CD4 ⁇ CD8 cells were positive, indicating that the construction was successful.
  • the back of the mice was subcutaneously inoculated with human non-small cell lung cancer cells A549, and each mouse was inoculated with 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells .
  • the immunosuppressant in the form of mRNA was dissolved in physiological saline at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, and 100 ⁇ l of this solution was injected intratumorally.
  • the immunosuppressants are divided into 10 groups, wherein inhibitor1 is shown in SEQ ID No.1-2, inhibitor2 is shown in SEQ ID No.3-4, inhibitor3 is shown in SEQ ID No.5-6, and inhibitor4 is shown in SEQ ID No.5-6 ID No.7 ⁇ 8, inhibitor5 is shown in SEQ ID No.9 ⁇ 10, and inhibitor6 is shown in SEQ ID No.11 ⁇ 12; when inhibitor1+2 is used, the ratio of the two is 1:1.
  • the fraction was 10 mg/ml, and the tumor size and body weight of the mice were measured regularly. Results As shown in Figures 4 and 5 and Tables 1 and 2, the immunosuppressive agents in the mRNA dosage form significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight loss in mice.
  • mRNA-based immune checkpoint inhibitor can significantly improve cellular immunity in tumor-bearing mice
  • PBMCs were isolated from human peripheral blood cells, and 10 6 PBMCs were injected into the tail vein of NCGs mice. After 14 days, the blood of the mice was taken for flow cytometry analysis, and the human CD4 ⁇ CD8 cells were positive, indicating that the construction was successful. At this time, the back of the mice was subcutaneously inoculated with human non-small cell lung cancer cells A549, and each mouse was inoculated with 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells .
  • the immunosuppressant mRNA was dissolved in physiological saline at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, and 100 ⁇ L of this solution was injected intratumorally.
  • the mouse tumor was taken, and the tumor was digested and separated with tumor cell separation solution (Taniken, GOY-1221P), and the isolated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (the antibody used was FITC Rat Anti-Human).
  • CD3a, BD, #558261, and APC-R700Mouse Anti-Human CD8, #565192 to detect the proportion of CD8+ in tumor-infiltrating T cells.
  • mRNA-based immune checkpoint inhibitors can significantly improve the cellular immunity level of tumor mice.
  • Inhibitor 1+2, Inhibitor 1+3, Inhibitor 1+4, Inhibitor 1+5, Inhibitor 1+6 nearly doubled the proportion of CD8+ cells in tumor-infiltrating cells.
  • mRNA-based immune checkpoint inhibitor significantly improves tumor survival in mice
  • PBMCs were isolated from human peripheral blood cells, and 10 6 PBMCs were injected into the tail vein of NCGs mice. After 14 days, human non-small cell lung cancer cells A549 were subcutaneously inoculated on the back of the mice; each mouse was inoculated with 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells.
  • the immunosuppressant in the mRNA dosage form was dissolved in physiological saline at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, and 100 ⁇ L of this solution was injected intratumorally. The survival of mice was observed once a week. The results are shown in Figure 7 and Table 4. Immunosuppressive drugs in mRNA dosage form can significantly improve the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice.
  • the immunosuppressant in the mRNA dosage form provided by the present invention has the advantages of low immunogenicity, long in vivo half-life, low cost and high drug stability.

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Abstract

一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂及其在制备治疗肿瘤药物中的应用，属于肿瘤治疗技术领域，所述mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA、编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA中的一种或几种；所述mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂转染细胞后，能够表达对应的CTLA-4、PD-1和PD-L1蛋白的抑制剂，发挥相应蛋白抑制剂的作用；所述mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂能够显著减小肿瘤体积，能够显著提高肿瘤浸润T细胞中CD8+的比例，相对于蛋白剂型的免疫抑制剂，mRNA剂型免疫抑制剂具有免疫原性低、体内半衰期长、成本低廉的优点。

Description

一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂及其在制备肿瘤治疗药物中的应用 技术领域
本发明属于肿瘤治疗技术领域，尤其涉及一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂及其在制备治疗肿瘤药物中的应用。
背景技术
免疫检查点是指免疫系统中存在的一些抑制性信号通路，通过调节外周组织中免疫反应的持续性和强度避免组织损伤，并参与维持对于自身抗原的耐受。
利用免疫检查点的抑制性信号通路抑制T细胞活性是肿瘤逃避免疫杀伤的重要机制。近年来，以靶向共抑制分子如CTLA-4、PD-1和PD-L1开发的抗体药物在临床应用中获得了巨大成功，使得肿瘤免疫治疗成为最令人瞩目的研究领域。因此靶向免疫检查点在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中有着广阔的应用前景。
“CTLA-4”抑制剂，在肿瘤的免疫逃避机制中，其中的一个环节是树突状免疫细胞(DC细胞)在淋巴结中无法将肿瘤信息传递给幼稚T淋巴细胞，使得幼稚T淋巴细胞无法活化成为成熟T淋巴细胞阶段。发生这种情况最主要的原因在于一种叫做CTLA-4的蛋白质的存在，这种蛋白质位于幼稚T淋巴细胞的表面，它一旦发挥功能，就阻碍了携带有肿瘤信息的DC细胞刺激幼稚T淋巴细胞的活化，换句话说，在蛋白质CTLA-4存在的条件下，人体里产生的能够杀伤肿瘤的成熟T淋巴细胞的数量会大大下降，使人们没有足够的免疫细胞应对肿瘤细胞的侵袭。而“CTLA-4”抑制剂一旦与CTLA-4相结合，幼稚的T淋巴细胞就会大量转化为可以杀灭肿瘤的成熟T淋巴细胞，于是，杀灭肿瘤细胞的能力大大加强。
“PD-1/PD-L1”抑制剂，这类抑制剂是目前来看治疗恶性肿瘤最具前景的免疫治疗药物，如果细分的话，可以分为“PD-1”抑制剂(即我们常说的“O”药、“K”药)和“PD-L1”抑制剂。它们虽然是两种药物，但是抗肿瘤的机制基本相同。肿瘤细胞逃避免疫攻击最为关键的一个环节，就是肿瘤细胞通过“化妆”，让活化的T淋巴细胞无法识别。就好比“敌人”藏身于茫茫人海中，以至于“特种兵”们找不到攻击的对象。这里面PD-1、PD-L1这两种蛋白质起到了关键性作用；PD-1和PD-L1分别位于活化的T淋巴细胞和肿瘤细胞表面，二者一旦结合，“特种兵”成熟T淋巴细胞就会把肿瘤细胞当成“朋友”来看待，而不对其进行攻击。“PD-1”抑制剂或“PD-L1”抑制剂进入身体以后，可以与PD-1或PD-L1相结合，这样就阻止了PD-1和PD-L1的结合，从而使肿瘤细胞现出了原形，无法逃脱“特种兵”成熟T淋巴细胞的追杀。
从以上的描述不难看出，“免疫检查点抑制剂”这类药物，与传统的抗肿瘤药物有着本质的不同，它们并不是以肿瘤细胞为目标直接对其进行杀伤，而是以调节人们自身的免疫功能为目的，通过改变免疫细胞与肿瘤细胞的固有联系，改变肿瘤细胞的微环境，激发出免疫细胞攻击肿瘤的巨大潜能，借助自身免疫细胞来杀灭肿瘤，从而达到治疗肿瘤的最终目标。
癌症免疫治疗，特别是免疫检查点抑制剂治疗，已经成为治疗某些类型癌症的重要组成部分，并且能让一些患者症状持续缓解。免疫检查点抑制剂是让免疫系统“刹车”的药物，也能帮助免疫系统识别和攻击癌细胞。免疫检查点抑制剂已经证实能够治疗各类癌症患者，例如那些患有乳腺癌，膀胱癌，宫颈癌，结肠癌，头颈肿瘤，肝癌，肺癌，皮肤癌，胃癌和直肠癌的患者。
目前，免疫检查点抑制剂的剂型为蛋白质，这些蛋白质一进入体内，就可以迅速地与存在于我们体内的另一些蛋白质(存在免疫细胞上或肿瘤细胞上)相结合，从而使免疫细胞具有了杀灭肿瘤细胞或者识别肿瘤细胞的能力。但同时也存在免疫原性高、体内半衰期短、成本昂贵等缺点。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂及其在制备治疗肿瘤药物中的应用，mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂在药效、生物安全性、合成工艺、成本等方面有显著优势。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA。
优选的，所述编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.1和SEQ ID No.2所示的序列。
本发明提供了一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，包括编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA。
优选的，所述编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.3～4所示的序列或SEQ ID No.5～6所示的序列。
本发明提供了一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，包括编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA。
优选的，所述编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.7～8所示的序列、SEQ ID No.9～10所示的序列或SEQ ID No.11～12所示的序列。
本发明提供了一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA、编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA中的两种或三种。
优选的，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA。
优选的，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA。
优选的，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA、编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA。
优选的，其中的尿嘧啶替换为假尿嘧啶。
本发明提供了所述的免疫抑制剂或所述的复合免疫抑制剂在治疗肿瘤中的应用，将所述免疫抑制剂导入患者体内。
优选的，所述导入的方式包括注射。
优选的，所述肿瘤包括人非小细胞肺癌。
本发明提供了所述免疫抑制剂或所述的复合免疫抑制剂在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
优选的，所述肿瘤包括人非小细胞肺癌。
优选的，所述药物中免疫抑制剂的浓度为5～15mg/mL。
本发明提供的RNA剂型的免疫抑制剂转染细胞后，能够表达对应的CTLA-4、PD-1和PD-L1蛋白的抑制剂，发挥相应蛋白抑制剂的作用；所述RNA剂型的免疫抑制剂能够显著减小肿瘤体积，能够显著提高肿瘤浸润T细胞中CD8+的比例，相对于蛋白型的免疫抑制剂，本发明中的mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂具有免疫原性低、体内半衰期长、成本低廉、药物稳定性高的优点。
说明书附图
图1为mRNA型免疫抑制剂和蛋白型的免疫抑制剂在体内的半衰期长短对比结果；其中A为inhibitor 1和inhibitor 2，B为inhibitor 3和inhibitor4，C为inhibitor 5和inhibitor 6。
图2为化学修饰的mRNA(以假尿嘧啶替换尿嘧啶)与无修饰的mRNA在表达效率高、免疫原性和半衰期方面的对比，其中A为化学修饰的mRNA与无化学修饰的mRNA对于免疫因子IFNγ、TNFα浓度的影响；B为化学修饰mRNA与无化学修饰的mRNA的表达产物的浓度；C为化学修饰的mRNA与无化学修饰的mRNA在小鼠体内的相对稳定性；
图3为编码CTAL4、PD1和PDL-1蛋白抑制剂的mRNA转染293T细胞后24h蛋白表达结果；
图4为实施例1中注射mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂40天肿瘤体积大小变化；
图5为实施例1中注射mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂40天小鼠体重变化；
图6为注射本发明实施例所述mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂后，小鼠肿瘤浸润T细胞中CD8+的比例；
图7为给药后小鼠存活率变化。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA。
在本发明中，所述编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA优选的包括SEQ ID No.1和SEQ ID No.2所示的序列；所述编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.1所示的编码CTLA-4抑制剂的重链的mRNA和SEQ ID No.2所示的编码CTLA-4抑制剂的轻链的mRNA。本发明中，SEQ ID No.1具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000001
SEQ ID No.2具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000002
本发明还提供了一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，包括编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA。
在本发明中，所述编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.3～4所示的序列或SEQ ID No.5～6所示的序列；在所述编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA的序列中，SEQ ID No.3、SEQ ID No.5为编码PD-1抑制剂的重链的mRNA序列，SEQ ID No.4、SEQ ID No.6为编码PD-1抑制剂的轻链的mRNA序列。本发明中，SEQ ID No.3具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000004
SEQ ID No.4具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000005
SEQ ID No.5具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000006
SEQ ID No.6具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000007
本发明还提供了一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，包括编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA。
在本发明中，所述编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.7～8所示的序列、SEQ ID No.9～10所示的序列或SEQ ID No.11～12所示的序列；在所述编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA的序列中，SEQ ID No.7、SEQ ID No.9、SEQ ID No.11为编码PD-L1抑制剂的重链的mRNA序列，SEQ  ID No.8、SEQ ID No.10、SEQ ID No.12为编码PD-L1抑制剂的轻链的mRNA序列。
本发明中，SEQ ID No.7具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000008
本发明中，SEQ ID No.8具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000009
本发明中，SEQ ID No.9具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000010
本发明中，SEQ ID No.10具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000011
本发明中，SEQ ID No.11具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000012
本发明中，SEQ ID No.12具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000013
本发明还提供了一种mRNA剂型的复合免疫抑制剂，包括编码CTLA-4、PD-1和PD-L1蛋白抑制剂的mRNA中的两种或三种。在本发明中，所述免疫抑制剂优选的包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA；所述免疫抑制剂优选的包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA。本发明将编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA联用具有显著的协同增效作用；将编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA联用也具有显著的协同增效作用。在本发明中，所述复合免疫抑制剂中编码CTLA-4、PD-1或PD-L1蛋白抑制剂的mRNA浓度相等。
本发明还提供了所述的免疫抑制剂在治疗肿瘤中的应用。本发明对所述肿瘤的类型没有特殊 限定，本领域常见的肿瘤类型均可。在本发明的具体实施过程中，以人非小细胞肺癌为例。在本发明具体实施过程中，优选的将包括所述免疫抑制剂导入荷瘤小鼠体内，所述导入优选为注射，所述注射的部位优选为瘤内注射；所述注射的剂量优选为80～120μl，更优选为100μl，所述注射的免疫抑制剂的浓度优选为8～12mg/ml，更优选为10mg/ml；所述注射的频率优选为每周一次。
本发明还提供了所述的免疫抑制剂在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。本发明对所述肿瘤的类型没有特殊限定，本领域常见的肿瘤类型均可。在本发明的具体实施过程中，以人非小细胞肺癌为例。在本发明中，所述药物中免疫抑制剂的浓度优选为5～15mg/mL，更优选为8～12mg/mL，最优选为10mg/mL；当采用复合免疫抑制剂时，所述药物中编码CTLA-4、PD-1或PD-L1蛋白抑制剂的mRNA浓度优选的分别为8～12mg/ml，更优选的分别为10mg/ml。
本发明对所述药物的剂型没有特殊限定，采用本领域常规剂型即可，在本发明具体实施过程中，所述药物为注射制剂，所述注射制剂优选的以生理盐水为溶剂。在本发明具体实施过程中，优选的将包括所述免疫抑制剂导入荷瘤小鼠体内，所述导入优选为注射，所述注射的部位优选为瘤内注射；所述注射的剂量优选为80～120μl，更优选为100μl，所述注射的免疫抑制剂的浓度优选为8～12mg/ml，更优选为10mg/ml；所述注射的频率优选为每周一次。
在本发明中，所述mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂中的尿嘧啶优选的替换为假尿嘧啶，在本发明具体mRNA合成过程中，用假尿嘧啶替换尿嘧啶，能够进一步增强mRNA在体内的稳定性、延长其半衰期；提高目的蛋白表达率，并降低mRNA免疫源性。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1 比较蛋白药物与mRNA药物的体内活性及半衰期
通过6周龄Balb/c小鼠尾静脉注射蛋白型PD-1抑制剂Inbibitor2(20μg/μL，500μL)，和相应mRNA药物(10μg/μL，100μL)，inhibitor2为SEQ ID No.3～4所示的mRNA；3h、6h、12h、24h、2d、3d、5d、7d对小鼠进行眼眶取血，分离血清；进行ELISA实验检测蛋白药物或者蛋白产物在血清中的浓度，实验方法如下：
实验材料：
试剂：inhibitor1、2、3、4、5、6蛋白标准品
耗材：Greiner 96孔酶标板、25ml移液枪头、1ml移液枪头、300μL移液枪头
仪器设备：biotekEpch2型酶标仪、Microplate 50TS型自动洗板机
实验步骤：
1)包被：包被的样品体积为100μL，包被的标准品质量为2ng、0.2ng、0.02ng、0.002ng、0.0002ng、0.00002ng，取计算得到的样品量稀释于coatingbuffer，体积为100μL。排枪加至96孔板，盖上封板膜，4℃过夜包被。
2)封闭：包被好的96孔板，倒出包被液，到扣吸水纸上，使劲扣板，直到孔中无残留为止。
3)洗板：配制洗脱液，用去离子水稀释50x的Washingbuffer，加入到洗板机的进液瓶中，设置程序，每孔洗板体积设为300μL，重复洗4次。
4)封闭：洗好的板，扣干里面的溶液，按每孔250μL的体积加入Blockingbuffer，随后封上封板膜，室温封闭2h。
5)洗板：封闭好的酶标板按照上述步骤3)完成洗板。
6)一抗孵育：用dilutionbuffer稀释一抗，按照每孔100μL的体积加入洗好的96孔板中，随后封上封板膜室温下孵育1.5h。
7)洗板：按照上述步骤3)完成洗板其中洗板次数增加为6次。
8)加入二抗：用Dilutionbuffer稀释HRP标记山羊抗兔IgG，稀释倍数为10000x，稀释好的抗体按照每孔100μL的体积加入酶标板中，封上封板膜，室温下避光孵育1h。
9)洗板：按照步骤7)完成洗板，此步骤务必洗干净板，扣干溶液。
显色：加入TMB buffer 100μl，避光显色20～30min，此时阳性样品显蓝色。
终止：加入Stop buffer 100μL，10min内在酶标板上读数，设置吸收波长450nm。
结果如图1所示，mRNA药物具有更高的体内活性以及更长的半衰期。
实施例2
检测所述免疫抑制剂的无修饰mRNA剂型以及化学修饰mRNA剂型的免疫原性、表达效率和半衰期差异
mRNA合成：体外转录合成SEQ ID No.3和SEQ ID No.4所示的mRNA，以及假尿嘧啶替代尿嘧啶的SEQ ID No.3和SEQ ID No.4所示的mRNA。
接种小鼠：通过6周龄Balb/c小鼠尾静脉注射上述体外转录合成的不修饰的SEQ ID No.3和SEQ ID No.4所示的mRNA以及假尿嘧啶替代尿嘧啶的SEQ ID No.3和SEQ ID No.4的mRNA(mRNA溶解于生理盐水，浓度为10μg/μL，注射体积为200μL)，不同时间点(3h、6h、12h、24h、2d、3d、5d、7d、9d、12d)小鼠进行眼眶取血，分离血清。进行ELISA实验检测蛋白产物或免疫因子在血清中的浓度，进行荧光定量PCR检测mRNA分子在小鼠体内的稳定性。
Elisa实验方案：
试剂： inhibitor2蛋白标准品；小鼠TNF alphaELISA试剂盒(ab46105)、小鼠IFNbeta ELISA试剂盒(ab252363)；
耗材：Greiner 96孔酶标板、25ml移液枪头、1ml移液枪头、300ul移液枪头
仪器设备：biotekEpch2型酶标仪、Microplate 50TS型自动洗板机
实验步骤：
1)包被：包被的样品体积为100μL，包被的标准品质量为2ng、0.2ng、0.02ng、0.002ng、0.0002ng、0.00002ng，取计算得到的样品量稀释于coatingbuffer，体积为100μL。排枪加至96孔板，盖上封板膜，4℃过夜包被。
2)封闭：包被好的96孔板，倒出包被液，到扣吸水纸上，使劲扣板，直到孔中无残留为止。
3)洗板：配制洗脱液，用去离子水稀释50x的Washingbuffer，加入到洗板机的进液瓶中，设置程序，每孔洗板体积设为300μL，重复洗4次。
4)封闭：洗好的板，扣干里面的溶液，按每孔250μL的体积加入Blockingbuffer，随后封上封板膜，室温封闭2h。
5)洗板：封闭好的酶标板按照步骤3)完成洗板。
6)一抗孵育：用dilutionbuffer稀释一抗，按照每孔100μL的体积加入洗好的96孔板中，随后封上封板膜室温下孵育1.5h。
7)洗板：按照步骤3)完成洗板其中洗板次数增加为6次。
8)加入二抗：用Dilutionbuffer稀释HRP标记山羊抗兔IgG，稀释倍数为10000x，稀释好的抗体按照每孔100μL的体积加入酶标板中，封上封板膜，室温下避光孵育1h。
9)洗板：按照步骤7完成洗板，此步骤务必洗干净板，扣干溶液。
显色：加入TMB buffer 100μL，避光显色20～30min，此时阳性样品显蓝色。
终止：加入Stop buffer 100μL，10min内在酶标板上读数，设置吸收波长450nm。
荧光定量PCR：采用iTaq TM Universal
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000014
Green One-Step Kit，bio-rad 1725150。
结果如图2所示，图2中A为化学修饰的mRNA引起的免疫因子IFNγ、TNFα浓度变化明显低于无化学修饰的mRNA，提示化学修饰mRNA具有较低的免疫原性；B为化学修饰mRNA与无化学修饰的mRNA表达免疫抑制剂的浓度，结果表明化学修饰mRNA在表达强度和表达周期伤均优于无修饰mRNA；C为化学修饰的mRNA与无化学修饰的mRNA在小鼠体内的相对稳定性，结果表明化学修饰mRNA在生物体内具有更长的半衰期。
可见，化学修饰mRNA具有表达效率高、免疫原性低以及半衰期长的优势。
实施例3
基于mRNA剂型的免疫检查点抑制剂在细胞中的表达
细胞培养：将HEK-293T细胞(购自中国科学院细胞库)接种至细胞培养6孔板，接种完细胞后24h，观察6孔板内的细胞状态，汇合度在90％左右。
在生物安全柜内，配制10mL的90％(体积百分比)DMEM+10％(体积百分比)FBS培养基。转染前30min弃掉孔板的培养基，每孔加入1mL新鲜培养基(90％DMEM+10％FBS)。取200μL opti-MEM，加入10μg供试品(其中inhibitor1为SEQ ID No.1～2所示，inhibitor2为SEQ ID No.3～4所示，inhibitor3为SEQ ID No.5～6所示，inhibitor4为SEQ ID No.7～8所示，inhibitor5为SEQ ID No.9～10所示，inhibitor6为SEQ ID No.11～12所示)或阴性对照GFP-mRNA(SEQ ID No.13)，用枪头轻轻吹打混匀，再加入60μL聚乙烯亚胺PEI(浓度1mg/mL)，立即置于漩涡振荡器上振荡10次，每次1s，充分混匀，静置10min。将配制好的转染体系，直接均匀滴加进入培养的细胞中，再前后左右摇匀，使得转染体系均匀分布于细胞上。转染后6h换液，吸掉旧的培养基，每孔换为2mL新鲜培养基(90％DMEM+10％FBS)。转染后24h收获。吸掉旧的培养基，用1mLPBS清洗一遍。吸掉PBS，继续用1mLPBS将细胞吹打下来，收集于1.5mL离心管中，300g离心5min。将离心后的上清尽量吸去干净，沉淀的细胞用来提取总蛋白进行western blot检测。
结果如图3所示，编码CTAL4，PD1，PDL-1抑制剂(单克隆抗体)的mRNA转染293T细胞后24h有不同水平的表达。
其中，SEQ ID No.13的具体序列如下：
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000015
实施例4
基于mRNA的免疫检查点抑制剂在小鼠模型中的抗肿瘤效果
首先构建人源化的免疫缺陷小鼠模型，使用人外周血淋巴细胞分离液(达科为，DKW-KLSH-0100)从人外周血细胞分离PBMCs，具体步骤为：
1.在50mL离心管中加入适量淋巴细胞分离液。
2.取肝素抗凝静脉血与等量Hanks液充分混匀，用滴管沿管壁缓慢叠加于分层液面上，注意保持清楚的界面。水平离心2000rpm×20min。
3.离心后管内分为三层，上层为血浆和Hanks液，下层主要为红细胞和粒细胞。中层为淋巴细胞分离液，在上、中层界面处有一以单个核细胞为主的白色云雾层狭窄带，单个核细胞包括淋巴细胞和单核细胞。
4.用毛细血管插到云雾层，吸取单个核细胞。置入另一离心管中，加入5倍以上体积的Hank‘s液或RPMI1640，1500rpm×10min，洗涤细胞两次。
5.末次离心后，弃上清，加入含有10％小牛血清的RPMI1640，重悬细胞。取一滴细胞悬液与一滴0.2％台盼兰染液混合，于血球计数板上计数。
对NCGs小鼠(购自集萃药康)尾静脉注射，每只小鼠注射10 6个细胞。14d后，取小鼠血液进程流式分析，人CD4\CD8细胞为阳性，则构建成功，此时小鼠背部皮下接种人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549，每只小鼠接种5×10 6个细胞。
7天后，测量小鼠肿瘤大小和体重变化。将mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂溶解于生理盐水，浓度为10mg/mL，将100μl该溶液经瘤内注射。所述免疫抑制剂分为10组，其中inhibitor1为SEQ ID No.1～2所示，inhibitor2为SEQ ID No.3～4所示，inhibitor3为SEQ ID No.5～6所示，inhibitor4为SEQ ID No.7～8所示，inhibitor5为SEQ ID No.9～10所示，inhibitor6为SEQ ID No.11～12所示；当采用inhibitor1+2时，二者比例为1：1，各组分均为10mg/ml，定期测量小鼠肿瘤大小和体重。结果如图4、5及表1、2所示，mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂明显降低了小鼠的肿瘤体积和体重下降程度。
表1 注射mRNA免疫检查抑制剂后小鼠肿瘤大小变化
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000016
表2 注射mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂后小鼠体重(单位：g)变化
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000017
实施例5
基于mRNA的免疫检查点抑制剂能够明显提高肿瘤小鼠的细胞免疫水平
首先构建人源化的免疫缺陷小鼠模型，从人外周血细胞分离PBMCs，对NCGs小鼠尾静脉注射，每只小鼠注射10 6个PBMCs细胞。14d后，取小鼠血液进程流式分析，人CD4\CD8细胞为阳性，则构建成功，此时小鼠背部皮下接种人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549，每只小鼠接种5×10 6个细胞。
7天后，免疫抑制剂mRNA溶解于生理盐水，浓度为10mg/mL，将100μL该溶液经瘤内注射。1周后，取小鼠肿瘤，用肿瘤细胞分离液(谷研，GOY-1221P)对肿瘤进行消化分离，采用流式细胞术对分离出的细胞进行分析，(所用抗体为FITC Rat Anti-Human CD3a，BD,#558261，以及APC-R700Mouse Anti-Human CD8，#565192)检测肿瘤浸润T细胞中CD8+的比例。
结果如图6、表3所示，基于mRNA的免疫检查点抑制剂能够明显提高肿瘤小鼠的细胞免疫水平，其中Inhibitor 1+2，Inhibitor 1+3，Inhibitor 1+4，Inhibitor 1+5，Inhibitor 1+6可将肿瘤浸润细胞中的CD8+细胞比例提升近2倍。
表3 注射mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂药物后，肿瘤浸润T细胞中CD8+细胞比例(％)
Figure PCTCN2020134461-appb-000018
实施例6
基于mRNA的免疫检查点抑制剂能够明显提高肿瘤小鼠的存活率
首先构建人源化的免疫缺陷小鼠模型，从人外周血细胞分离PBMCs，对NCGs小鼠尾静脉注射，每只小鼠注射10 6个PBMCs细胞。14d后，小鼠背部皮下接种人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549；每只小鼠接种5×10 6个细胞。
7天后，mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂溶解于生理盐水，浓度为10mg/mL，将100μL该溶液经瘤内注射。每周观察一次小鼠的存活情况，结果如图7、表4所示，mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂药物能够显著提高荷瘤小鼠的生存率。
表4 注射免疫抑制剂mRNA药物后荷瘤小鼠的存活率情况。
  21d 28d 35d
Control 75％ 50％ 25％
Inhibitor1 100％ 72.7％ 36.4％
Inhibitor2 100％ 81.8％ 71.59％
Inhibitor4 100％ 100％ 62.5％
Inhibitor1+2 100％ 100％ 75％
Inhibitor1+4 100％ 100％ 100％
由上述实施例可知，本发明提供的mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂具有免疫原性低、体内半衰期长、成本低廉、药物稳定性高的优点。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，所述编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.1和SEQ ID No.2所示的序列。
  3. 一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，包括编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，所述编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.3～4所示的序列或SEQ ID No.5～6所示的序列。
  5. 一种mRNA剂型的免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，包括编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，所述编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA包括SEQ ID No.7～8所示的序列、SEQ ID No.9～10所示的序列或SEQ ID No.11～12所示的序列。
  7. 一种mRNA剂型的复合免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA、编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA中的两种或三种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的复合免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的复合免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的复合免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，包括编码CTLA-4抑制剂的mRNA、编码PD-1抑制剂的mRNA和编码PD-L1抑制剂的mRNA。
  11. 权利要求1～6任意一项所述的免疫抑制剂或权利要求7～10任意一项所述的复合免疫抑制剂，其特征在于，其中的尿嘧啶替换为假尿嘧啶。
  12. 权利要求1～6任意一项所述的免疫抑制剂或权利要求7～11任意一项所述的复合免疫抑制剂在治疗肿瘤中的应用，其特征在于，将所述免疫抑制剂导入患者体内。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的应用，其特征在于，所述导入的方式包括注射。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的应用，其特征在于，所述肿瘤包括人非小细胞肺癌。
  15. 权利要求1～6任意一项所述的免疫抑制剂或权利要求7～11任意一项所述的复合免疫抑制剂在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的应用，其特征在于，所述肿瘤包括人非小细胞肺癌。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的应用，其特征在于，所述药物中免疫抑制剂的浓度为5～15mg/mL。
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