WO2022119000A1 - 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 텅스텐 산화물 - Google Patents
비정질 텅스텐산 융합체 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 텅스텐 산화물 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022119000A1 WO2022119000A1 PCT/KR2020/017467 KR2020017467W WO2022119000A1 WO 2022119000 A1 WO2022119000 A1 WO 2022119000A1 KR 2020017467 W KR2020017467 W KR 2020017467W WO 2022119000 A1 WO2022119000 A1 WO 2022119000A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tungstic acid
- amorphous
- particles
- acid fusion
- primary particles
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- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 243
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 43
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003403 water pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 45
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 45
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 and may include ore Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007415 particle size distribution analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
- C01G41/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/949—Tungsten or molybdenum carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/36—Obtaining tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/02—Amorphous compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/45—Aggregated particles or particles with an intergrown morphology
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/54—Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tungstic acid fusion produced by a wet process, tungsten oxide and tungsten powder produced using the same, and more particularly to a tungstic acid fusion molded by a wet process.
- Tungsten materials mainly used include tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), tungsten powder (W), and tungsten carbide powder (WC).
- the previously developed tungsten recycling technology includes a dry method and a wet method.
- the dry method mainly manufactures WC through several stages of heat treatment of tungsten tools, but it is difficult to apply to wastes with impurities and has limitations in controlling the purity and particle size of WC, a recycled product.
- the wet process includes an ammonium para tungstate (APT: (NH 4 ) 10 W 12 O 41 ⁇ 5H 2 O) manufacturing process.
- APT ammonium para tungstate
- the APT manufacturing process is a process of forming and crystallizing a tungsten compound using ammonia, and in order to discharge the ammonia gas generated in this process, it is necessary to build a treatment facility to meet atmospheric environmental standards. This has a problem of greatly increasing the manufacturing cost of the tungsten material.
- the present inventor introduced a novel process that can replace the APT process, which is a limitation of the wet method, and produced high-purity amorphous tungstic acid (H 2 WO 4 ) that can be used as a raw material for various tungsten materials, leading to the present invention became
- the present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problem, and an embodiment of the present invention provides an amorphous tungstic acid fusion body formed by aggregating primary particles of tungstic acid.
- another embodiment of the present invention provides a tungsten oxide prepared by calcining amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- another embodiment of the present invention provides a tungsten powder prepared by reducing the amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- another embodiment of the present invention provides a tungsten carbide powder prepared by carburizing amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- one aspect of the present invention relates to an amorphous tungstic acid fusion formed by aggregating primary particles of tungstic acid, wherein the amorphous tungstic acid fusion is the tungstic acid primary particles It provides an amorphous tungstic acid fusion, characterized in that they are interconnected to form a radial structure.
- the shape of the primary particles of tungstic acid may be spherical, needle-like, or a combination thereof.
- the primary particles of tungstic acid may be spherical particles having a diameter of 0.01 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the primary particles of tungstic acid may be characterized as needle-shaped particles having a length (L) of 0.01 to 1.8 ⁇ m and an area ratio (L/D) of 12 to 24.
- the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be characterized in that less than 30 ⁇ m.
- D 50 by the particle size distribution obtained by measuring the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body by a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method may be characterized in that it is 5 to 12 ⁇ m.
- the standard deviation of the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be characterized in that 1.5 to 7 ⁇ m.
- At least 80% or more of the tungstic acid primary particles may be characterized in that at least 5 or more are agglomerated by fusion bonding with each other.
- the tungstic acid primary particles may be composed of needle-shaped particles and spherical particles, and the tungstic acid primary particles may have a (acicular particle weight):(spherical particle weight) ratio of 1:0.3 to 3. .
- Another aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of adding a first additive comprising an ammonium compound to an aqueous tungstate solution; adding an acidic solution to the tungstate aqueous solution; And after adding the acidic solution, adding a second additive comprising at least one of hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid to the aqueous solution;
- a method for producing an amorphous tungstic acid fusion comprising greater than 1.50, the acidic solution is added in 20 to 80 ml per 100 ml of the aqueous tungstate solution, the first additive is added in an amount of 1 to 10 g per 100 ml of the aqueous tungstate solution, and the second additive is 1 per 100 ml of the aqueous tungstate solution ⁇ 20ml is added, and the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body is interconnected between primary tungstic acid particles to form a radial structure, and the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is spherical, needle-shaped, or
- the shape of the primary particles of tungstic acid may be needle-like, or a combination of needle-like and spherical shapes.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a tungsten oxide, characterized in that produced by calcining the amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a tungsten powder prepared by reducing the amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a tungsten carbide powder, characterized in that produced by carburizing the amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing an amorphous tungstic acid fusion body according to an embodiment of the present invention over time.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for manufacturing an amorphous tungstic acid fusion body according to an embodiment of the present invention over time in more detail.
- 10 to 12 show the results of particle size distribution analysis of examples of tungstic acid fusions prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the first aspect of the present application is a first aspect of the present application.
- amorphous tungstic acid fusion body formed by aggregating primary particles of tungstic acid, wherein the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body is interconnected between the tungstic acid primary particles to form a radial structure, amorphous tungsten acid fusions.
- the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be interconnected between the primary tungstic acid particles to form a radial structure.
- the shape of the primary particles of tungstic acid may be spherical, needle-like, or a combination thereof.
- the primary particles of tungstic acid when the shape of the primary particles of tungstic acid is spherical, the primary particles may be in the shape of a cluster-shaped tungsten acid fusion body in which the primary particles exist independently and are interconnected. In one embodiment of the present application, the primary particles of tungstic acid may be spherical particles having a diameter of 0.01 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the primary particles of tungstic acid may have a diameter of 0.03 to 1.8 ⁇ m, and the diameter of the primary particles of tungstic acid may vary depending on process conditions, but when the diameter exceeds 2.0 ⁇ m, the manufactured amorphous
- the powder particles may become unnecessarily enlarged. There's a problem that's going to happen.
- the primary particles of tungstic acid when the shape of the primary particles of tungstic acid is needle-shaped, the primary particles of tungstic acid have a length (L) of 0.01 to 1.8 ⁇ m, and an area ratio (L/D) It may be characterized as 12 to 24 needle-shaped particles.
- the primary particles of tungstic acid may have a length (L) of 0.1 to 1.5 ⁇ m, and an area ratio of 15 to 20.
- the primary particles of tungstic acid have a length (L) of 0.01 to 1.8 ⁇ m and an area ratio of 12 to 24, so that the shape of the tungstic acid fusion body compared to the conventional amorphous tungstic acid powder forms a standardized rectangular structure.
- the tungstic acid fusion body prepared by the exemplary embodiment of the present application when it consists of only primary particles having a needle-like structure, crystallization is relatively well made, and the tungsten acid fusion body is interconnected to have an unfolded shape.
- the shape of the primary particles of tungstic acid may be a combination of spherical and needle-shaped.
- the diameter of the spherical primary particles of tungstic acid may satisfy the above-described range, and the length (L) and area ratio values of the needle-shaped primary particles of tungstic acid may also satisfy the above-described range.
- the tungstic acid primary particles (weight of acicular particles): (weight of spherical particles) may be characterized in that the ratio of 1:0.3 to 3, preferably 1:0.8 to can be 2 By satisfying the above-mentioned range, it will be possible to obtain tungstic acid fusion particles having an appropriately controlled crystallinity.
- the crystallinity is small compared to the tungstic acid fusion consisting of only needle-like structures, but the crystallinity may be higher than that of the tungstic acid fusion consisting of only spherical primary particles, and spherical and needle-shaped particles are mixed, They may be interconnected and have an unfolded shape.
- At least 50% or more of the tungstic acid primary particles may be characterized in that at least three or more are agglomerated by fusion bonding with each other.
- at least 80% or more of the tungstic acid primary particles may be fusion-bonded with at least 5 or more.
- the properties of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion particles may be measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the type of tungsten acid fusion body, crystallinity, distribution of grains, etc. can be analyzed through data such as the position, area, intensity, and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak.
- the "amorphous tungstic acid fusion” includes all tungstic acid fusions having a relatively low crystallinity, and as will be described below, the shape of tungstic acid primary particles formed according to the manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present application It may be possible to control the degree of crystallinity by adjusting.
- the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be 30 ⁇ m or less, preferably characterized in that 25 ⁇ m.
- the APT process is omitted, and before and after the acidic solution is added to the tungstate aqueous solution, the first additive including the ammonium compound and at least one of hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid
- the second additives including one, it is possible to prepare a tungstic acid fusion body having a standardized particle shape and capable of appropriately controlling the particle size.
- D 50 of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion according to a particle size distribution obtained by measuring by a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method may be 5 to 16 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 12 ⁇ m. More preferably, when the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is spherical, D 50 of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be 7 to 10 ⁇ m, and when the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is needle-shaped, the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body D 50 may be 8.5 to 14 ⁇ m, and when the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is a combination of needle-shaped and spherical, D 50 of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be 6.5 to 9 ⁇ m.
- the standard deviation of the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be 1.5 to 7 ⁇ m, preferably 1.5 to 6.5 ⁇ m characterized in that. This may vary depending on the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles, but preferably, when the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is spherical, the standard deviation of the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be 2 to 4 ⁇ m, tungsten When the shape of the acid primary particles is needle-like, the standard deviation of the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body may be 4 to 7 ⁇ m, and when the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is a combination of needle-shaped and spherical, the amorphous tungstic acid The standard deviation of the diameter of the fusions may be between 2 and 4 ⁇ m.
- the standard deviation of the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body exceeds 7 ⁇ m, it will be difficult to believe that it is manufactured by a process in which shape or particle size is appropriately controlled. The particle size deviation will become larger, making it difficult to produce a uniform powder.
- amorphous tungstic acid fusion comprising; more than 1.50, the acidic solution is added per 100 ml of the tungstate solution 20 to 80 ml, the first additive is added 1 to 10 g per 100 ml of the tungstate aqueous solution, and the second additive is 1 per 100 ml of the tungstate solution ⁇ 20ml is added, and the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body is interconnected between primary tungstic acid particles to form a radial structure, and the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is spherical, needle-shaped, or a combination thereof, characterized in that It provides a method for producing an amorphous tungstic acid
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing an amorphous tungstic acid fusion body according to an embodiment of the present invention over time.
- the method for manufacturing tungsten oxide includes providing an aqueous tungstate solution ( S110 ), and precipitating tungstic acid from the tungstate solution ( S120 ).
- the manufacturing method of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body according to an embodiment of the present invention may correspond to a wet process, since tungstic acid (H 2 WO 4 ) is precipitated from an aqueous tungstate solution.
- tungstic acid H 2 WO 4
- an ammonium para tungstate (APT) manufacturing process is typically included, but according to an embodiment of the present invention, the APT manufacturing process can be omitted.
- APT ammonium para tungstate
- the APT manufacturing process uses ammonia to form and crystallize a tungsten compound, the evaporation/concentration process performed in the crystallization step requires a lot of energy and generates a large amount of ammonia gas. In order to process ammonia gas, a lot of cost is incurred, making domestic tungsten production more difficult.
- the reason why the APT manufacturing process is necessary despite the high cost is that the tungstic acid powder forms fine and incompletely shaped particles in the process of replacing tungstic acid with tungstate.
- the tungstic acid particles formed in the replacement process are further broken through the repeated water washing process that is performed thereafter. The finer and irregular the size of the tungstic acid particles, the more difficult the subsequent filtration and water washing processes.
- the APT manufacturing process can increase the size of the tungstic acid particles and make the shape even, so that the tungstic acid particles can be smoothly handled in the subsequent treatment including the filtration and water washing processes.
- the method for producing an amorphous tungstic acid fusion body uses an additive in the process of substituting tungstate from tungstate to control the particle size and shape formed. It can be seen that the particle size can be as large as the tungstic acid particles produced by the APT manufacturing process, and the particle shape is interconnected between primary tungstic acid particles, which are not easily broken even during repeated water washing to form a rectangular structure.
- the additive may be a first additive of an ammonium compound and a second additive comprising at least one of hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps S110 and S120 of the method for manufacturing an amorphous tungstic acid fusion body according to an embodiment of the present invention over time in more detail.
- step (S110) is a step (S112) of mixing a tungsten raw material and carbonate and melting at a high temperature (S112), and cooling the molten mixture and then putting it in water to tungstate It may include the step of eluting the aqueous solution (S114).
- the tungsten raw material is a raw material containing tungsten, and may include ore, sludge, scrap, and the like.
- the tungsten raw material may be pulverized and oxidized as a pretreatment step to be performed more efficiently in step S112 before mixing with carbonate.
- the ore among the tungsten raw materials is repeatedly crushed and sorted, and the sludge is dried and crushed to remove the oil content in the sludge, and to make it into oxidized granules of an appropriate size.
- Scrap is made into oxidized grains of appropriate size through repeated processes of oxidation and pulverization.
- the oxidation temperature may be 800 ⁇ 1000 °C.
- Carbonate is mixed with the tungsten raw material prepared as above and melted at a high temperature (S112). At high temperatures, carbonate and tungsten combine to form a tungsten compound, and the tungsten compound becomes water-soluble.
- the carbonate may be sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ). That is, in step S112, a tungsten raw material and sodium carbonate are mixed in an appropriate ratio and melted at a high temperature to prepare a water-soluble sodium tungstate (Na 2 WO 4 ).
- the tungsten raw material and sodium carbonate may be mixed in a ratio of 1:0.4 to 1.
- the ratio of sodium carbonate to the tungsten raw material is less than 0.4, the amount of sodium carbonate is relatively too low than the amount of tungsten. So, sodium and tungsten do not reach the equivalent of bonding, so sodium tungstate (Na 2 WO 4 ) There may be residual tungsten that cannot be combined, which is disadvantageous.
- the ratio exceeds 1, since sodium is an impurity that must be eventually removed, there is a disadvantage in that the amount of impurities removed due to over-injection in the subsequent process is increased. Therefore, it is preferable that the ratio is 0.4-1.
- the melting temperature of step (S112) may be 800 ⁇ 1000 °C. At this time, if the melting temperature is less than 800 °C, the melting temperature is not reached and the amount of tungsten that does not bind and melt increases, thereby reducing the recovery rate. To increase the melting temperature is preferably selected from 800 ⁇ 1000 °C.
- the tungstate solution is eluted by cooling the mixture molten in step (S112) and then putting it in water (S114).
- the tungsten compound melted in step S112 is water-soluble, and other components of the tungsten raw material (for example, cobalt, copper, nickel, alumina, etc.) that have relatively weak bonding with carbonate remain insoluble in water in the elution step. , it is possible to selectively extract the aqueous tungstate solution in step S114. If the amount of eluted water is less than twice the weight of the tungsten raw material, the possibility that tungsten may remain in the water-insoluble residue without being completely soluble in water increases.
- the amount of acidic solution used to reach a certain pH in the replacement process which is a post-process, may increase, and a problem of reducing production efficiency by making fine powder occurs. Therefore, it is appropriate to set the amount of eluted water to 2 to 15 times the weight of the tungsten raw material.
- the specific gravity of the aqueous tungstate solution may be greater than 1.01 and less than 1.50, preferably 1.05 to 1.40.
- the shape of the primary particles of tungstic acid may be characterized in that it tends to be spherical. Therefore, by controlling the specific gravity of the aqueous tungstate solution, it is possible to control the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles and furthermore control the crystallinity of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body.
- the aqueous tungstate solution provided through the above steps (S112) to (S114) is precipitated as tungstic acid through the following steps (S122 to S128).
- steps (S122 to S128) it will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2 .
- the step (S120) is a step of adding an ammonium compound to the tungstate aqueous solution (S122), adding an acidic solution to the tungstate aqueous solution (S124), adding hydrogen peroxide to the tungstate aqueous solution (S126), and heating and stirring the aqueous tungstate solution (S128).
- the ammonium compound and hydrogen peroxide may be added after the acidic solution is added
- adding the ammonium compound before the acidic solution is added is advantageous in terms of forming particles having a more even distribution
- acid Adding hydrogen peroxide after the solution is added is advantageous in that tungstic acid can be precipitated under the same pH condition and thus a powder having a more regular shape can be produced.
- hydrogen peroxide is added
- hydrofluoric acid (HF) may be added instead of hydrogen peroxide, but when hydrogen peroxide is used rather than hydrofluoric acid, the effects of recrystallization and agglomeration are excellent. .
- an ammonium compound as an additive may be added and dissolved in the aqueous tungstate solution provided from step (S110) (S122).
- the ammonium compound in step S122 is referred to as a first additive
- hydrogen peroxide in step S126 is referred to as a second additive.
- the aqueous tungstate solution may be an aqueous sodium tungstate solution (Na 2 WO 4 (aq)).
- Na 2 WO 4 (aq) aqueous sodium tungstate solution
- an exemplary embodiment in which the aqueous tungstate solution is an aqueous sodium tungstate solution will be mainly described.
- Ammonium compound according to an embodiment of the present invention is a water-soluble compound containing ammonium ion (NH4 + ), ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ), ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ), ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ), ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F), ammonium oxalate ((NH 4 ) 2 C 2 O 4 ), ammonium acetate ( NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 ), monoammonium phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), and diammonium phosphate ((NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ) may include at least one.
- the first additive including ammonium ions may act as a dispersant for tungstic acid precipitated from the sodium tungstate aqueous solution, as will be described later.
- the ammonium ion (NH4 + ) of the ammonium compound has a weaker binding force than the sodium ion (Na + ) to the tungstate ion (WO 4 - ) of the sodium tungstate aqueous solution, and thus the tungstate ion (WO 4 - ) in the sodium tungstate aqueous solution Without forming a new compound with it, it can serve as a dispersant stably in an aqueous sodium tungstate solution as will be described later.
- 1 to 10 g of the ammonium compound may be added per 100 ml of sodium tungstate aqueous solution.
- the ammonium compound is added in an amount of less than 1 g per 100 ml of sodium tungstate aqueous solution, the effect as a dispersing agent is reduced, and agglomeration of particles may occur.
- the ammonium compound is preferably added in an amount of 1 to 10 g per 100 ml of sodium tungstate aqueous solution.
- an acidic solution may be added into the aqueous solution of tungstic acid in which the ammonium compound is dissolved (S124).
- the acidic solution may include at least one of hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ).
- the acidic solution lowers the pH of the sodium tungstate aqueous solution to create an environment in which tungstic acid can be precipitated from the sodium tungstate aqueous solution when the aqueous solution reaches a certain pH value.
- a certain pH value may be 1 to 2 or less.
- the acidic solution is added to the sodium tungstate aqueous solution to serve as a substitute for replacing sodium ions (Na + ) in sodium tungstate with hydrogen ions (H + ). That is, when the acidic solution is added and the pH of the sodium tungstate aqueous solution reaches a certain value (for example, 1 or less), the sodium ions of sodium tungstate in the aqueous solution are replaced with hydrogen ions, and Tungstic acid is formed and begins to precipitate in aqueous solution.
- the acidic solution may be added in an amount of 20 to 80 ml per 100 ml of sodium tungstate aqueous solution.
- the acidic solution is preferably added in an amount of 20 to 80 ml per 100 ml of sodium tungstate aqueous solution.
- stirring may be performed so that the acidic solution is well mixed in the sodium tungstate aqueous solution.
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is added as a second additive in the aqueous tungstic acid solution into which the acidic solution is added (S126).
- Hydrogen peroxide may act as a solubilizer for the tungstic acid precipitated in the aqueous solution.
- insoluble tungstic acid starts to precipitate. to form tungstic acid particles.
- hydrofluoric acid may also dissolve tungstic acid precipitated in the sodium tungstate aqueous solution, according to another embodiment of the present invention, hydrofluoric acid may be added as the second additive.
- the second additive may be added in an amount of 1 to 20 ml per 100 ml of sodium tungstate aqueous solution.
- the second additive is added in an amount of less than 1 ml per 100 ml of sodium tungstate aqueous solution, insoluble tungstic acid may be present and cause irregular particle formation. If it is added in excess of 20ml, it takes a long time to generate tungstic acid again after dissolution, and input of a lot of hydrogen peroxide may increase the pH, which may lead to a situation in which an acidic solution must be additionally added to lower the pH. This reduces efficiency. Accordingly, the second additive is preferably added in the range of 1 to 20 ml per 100 ml of sodium tungstate aqueous solution.
- the second additive when the second additive is added in an amount of more than 12 ml per 100 ml of an aqueous tungstate solution (eg, sodium tungstate aqueous solution), the proportion of the precipitated primary particles of tungstic acid having a needle-like shape may increase. . That is, as the content of the second additive is relatively high, the shape of the primary particles of tungstic acid may be needle-like or a combination of needle-like and spherical shapes. Therefore, by controlling the degree to which the second additive is added in a predetermined amount or more, it is possible to control the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles and furthermore control the crystallinity of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body.
- an aqueous tungstate solution eg, sodium tungstate aqueous solution
- the sodium tungstate aqueous solution to which the first additive, the substituent, and the second additive are each added is heated and stirred (S128).
- heating and stirring may be performed at a speed of 60 to 400 rpm for 1 to 6 hours in a temperature range of 30 to 75 °C. If the heating temperature is less than 30 °C, the precipitation time is long and it is difficult to expect uniform particle formation, and when the heating temperature is more than 75 °C, fine powder is formed, making post-processing difficult. If the heating and stirring is performed for less than 1 hour, crystal formation may not be achieved due to the reaction time falling short of the precipitation time. It makes no sense.
- the heating and stirring is preferably performed at a speed of 60 to 400 rpm for 1 to 6 hours in a temperature range of 30 to 75 °C.
- the primary particles independently exist to generate tungstic acid fusion particles formed in a radial structure.
- the tungstic acid particles produced in this way improve the cracking phenomenon as the particles formed over a certain size each have a shape, making it easier to process in the subsequent filtration and washing steps. This makes it possible to manufacture a tungstic acid fusion body without a conventional APT manufacturing process.
- tungstic acid starts to precipitate again over time, which is a low pH at which tungstic acid is precipitated in a sodium tungstate solution having a high pH value (eg, pH 14).
- the tungstic acid produced irregularly is dissolved under the same conditions, including the same pH range, until it reaches a value (eg, pH1) and undergoes a re-precipitation step, which is used to form regular and regular particles. This can be seen as a re-determination process.
- the tungstic acid powder As the tungstic acid powder is dissolved by hydrogen peroxide and undergoes a recrystallization process, the tungstic acid powders agglomerate with each other to form agglomeration particles of a certain size or more (dissolution and agglomeration of hydrogen peroxide), and at the same time, a certain size or more As the formed tungstic acid fusion particles are dispersed so as not to aggregate with each other due to the surfactant effect of the ammonium compound (the dispersing role of the ammonium compound), the particles are no longer agglomerated and can maintain their shape.
- the tungstic acid particles formed in a certain size by hydrogen peroxide do not maintain their shape any longer and are partially agglomerated with each other. will be. These amorphous particles are vulnerable to external impact during the repeated washing process, which is a subsequent step.
- hydrogen peroxide is not added, the tungstic acid powders precipitated from the sodium tungstate aqueous solution cannot be dissolved and will all aggregate to form one large mass.
- the role of dissolution and aggregation of hydrogen peroxide and the role of dispersing the ammonium compound in the sodium tungstate aqueous solution complement each other, so that the precipitated tungstic acid powder has a tetragonal structure in which the primary particles are independently present. It allows the formation of tungstic acid fusion particles.
- tungstic acid particles prepared according to a conventional wet process without an ammonium compound and hydrogen peroxide are shown.
- the size of the particles formed by gathering tungstic acid powder some are horizontally long and others are long vertically, amorphous and irregular. This can make subsequent processing difficult by easily shattering in subsequent repeated filtration and washing steps.
- the tungstic acid powder precipitated from the sodium tungstate aqueous solution is dissolved and aggregated by the hydrogen peroxide and dispersed by the ammonium compound
- the precipitated tungstic acid powder may be generally uniformly aggregated and dispersed to form particles having regularity (see the right side of FIG. 3 ).
- tungstic acid particles having the shape of grape clusters separated one by one by the complementary action of hydrogen peroxide and an ammonium compound in an aqueous tungstate solution are formed. Tungstic acid fusion particles of this shape improve filtration and washing by improving the cracking phenomenon caused by repeated washing in the subsequent step, so that tungsten oxide, tungsten powder, or tungsten carbide can be manufactured directly without the APT manufacturing process. make it possible
- the method for producing a tungstic acid fusion body includes the steps of filtering and washing a heated and stirred aqueous solution to obtain tungstic acid particles in a crystal form containing moisture (S132), and It may include drying the tungstic acid particles to remove moisture (S134).
- step (S132) the solution completed up to step (S128) is filtered through a filtration device, and acid washing and distilled water washing are repeated.
- step (S132) it is possible to obtain the tungstic acid particles in the form of crystals containing moisture.
- the tungstic acid fusion particles according to an embodiment of the present application have improved powder breakage caused by repeated washing, so that repeated washing treatment is possible.
- filter paper may be used, and the hole size of the filter paper may be determined in consideration of the size of effective tungstic acid particles.
- the size of the tungstic acid particles obtained according to one embodiment of the present application may have a size of about 3 ⁇ m or more, and thus filter paper having a hole size of 3 ⁇ m or less can be selectively used.
- the acid solution used for acid washing may be the same as the substitution agent solution used in step (S124). This is advantageous in terms of process efficiency.
- at least one of hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) may be used.
- the concentration of the acid solution used for pickling may be 1-10%. If the concentration of the acid solution is less than 1%, the impurity removal effect is reduced, and if it exceeds 10%, it causes an increase in the washing water in the distilled water washing process. desirable.
- Acid washing and distilled water washing may be repeatedly performed two or more times. If the number of times of pickling and distilled water washing exceeds 5 times, the amount of distilled water used is increased to increase production cost and increase the possibility of powder breakage, so it is preferable not to exceed 5 times.
- the water-washed tungstic acid powder may be dried in a dryer to remove moisture (S134).
- step S134 the moisture contained in the tungstic acid fusion particles is removed.
- a drying temperature of 60 to 100°C is appropriate. If the drying temperature is less than 60 °C, it takes a long time to dry and the drying efficiency is lowered. .
- a third aspect of the present application provides a tungsten oxide, characterized in that produced by calcining the amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- a calcination furnace may be used in an atmospheric or vacuum atmosphere.
- the calcination temperature is 500 ⁇ 1000°C, and the calcination time is 1 ⁇ 6hr. If the calcination temperature is less than 500 °C or the calcination time is less than 1 hr, the crystal structure change from tungstic acid to tungsten oxide is not well made. Since there is a problem in the process after hardening, the calcination temperature is selected in the range of 500 ⁇ 1000 °C, it is preferable that the calcination time is selected within the range of 1 ⁇ 6hr.
- a fourth aspect of the present application provides a tungsten powder, characterized in that produced by reducing the amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- the tungsten powder may be one produced by hydrogen reduction of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder.
- the temperature may be made at 900 ⁇ 1200 °C.
- the temperature is less than 900 °C, the change from tungstic acid to tungsten is not well done, and when the reduction treatment temperature is more than 1200 °C, agglomeration between particles of the powder occurs and hardens, so there is a problem in the post process.
- the temperature is preferably selected in the range of 900 ⁇ 1200 °C.
- a fifth aspect of the present application provides a tungsten carbide powder, characterized in that produced by mixing the amorphous tungstic acid fusion powder with carbon powder and carburizing.
- the temperature may be made at 900 ⁇ 1300 °C.
- the temperature is less than 900 °C, the change from tungstic acid to tungsten carbide is not well made, and when the reduction treatment temperature is more than 1300 °C, agglomeration between particles of the powder occurs, and an unnecessarily enlarged powder may be formed, Since it hardens and there is a problem in the post process, the temperature of the carburizing treatment is preferably selected in the range of 900 to 1300 ° C.
- Sodium carbonate was mixed with tungsten raw powder made of an appropriate size at a weight ratio of 1:0.6, put in a container, charged in a box-type electric furnace, and melted at 800°C in an atmospheric atmosphere for 6 hours. Then, the melt was cooled to room temperature, put in water to dissolve only tungsten, and then filtered to prepare a sodium tungstate (Na 2 WO 4 ) aqueous solution.
- a filter paper was laid on a filtration device and filtered.
- An acid washing solution (HCl, 3.5%) was prepared, washed twice with water, washed with distilled water three times, and dried in a dryer maintained at 85° C. to form a tungstic acid fusion body.
- a tungstic acid fusion body was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions were changed as shown in Table 2 below.
- a tungstic acid fusion body was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions were changed as shown in Table 3 below.
- the shape of the primary particles is spherical, and it can be confirmed that the particles have the shape of clusters of grapes that are separated one by one.
- the shape of the primary particles is needle-like, it has a relatively crystalline structure, and it can be confirmed that the needle-like primary particles have the shape of a clustered and spread out particle. .
- the shape of the primary particles includes both spherical and needle-like shapes, and high crystallinity and low crystallinity are mixed, and agglomerated It can be seen that the shape is in the shape of a particle of a grape cluster-shaped radial structure.
- the dried tungstic acid fusion powder prepared in the above example was put in a sample holder and compressed to make the surface flat to prepare a sample for XRD analysis. Then, the sample was mounted on a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (Bruker, D8 ADVANCE). XRD analysis of tungsten fusion body was performed under the analysis conditions by setting a diffraction angle of 10° ⁇ 80°, a diffraction speed of 0.2 seconds, and a diffraction interval of 0.02 step.
- the peak corresponding to the second peak of WO 3 ⁇ H 2 O Tungstite appears weakly, but it indicates that a shift occurs or a peak is formed widely, and thus the corresponding peak intensity versus WO 3 ⁇ H It was shown that the ratio of X-ray diffraction peak intensities of 2 O can be formed on the order of 0.001 to 0.1.
- the peak corresponding to the third peak of WO 3 ⁇ H 2 O Tungstite appears weakly, but it indicates that a shift occurs or a peak is formed widely, thus, the corresponding peak intensity versus WO 3 ⁇ H It was shown that the ratio of X-ray diffraction peak intensities of 2 O can be formed on the order of 0.001 to 0.1. Therefore, if the results are summarized, it can be seen that the intensity of the main peaks is widely distributed rather than characteristically strong, which means that the crystallinity is relatively low and the crystal size is even. That is, when the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is spherical, it shows that crystallinity is low and the crystal size can appear uniformly.
- the intensity of the main peaks is more characteristically stronger than that of WO 3 ⁇ H 2 O Tungstite, which is a tungstic acid fusion with a relatively high degree of crystallinity when the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is only needle-like. indicates that it is formed.
- the intensity of the main peaks appeared to be strong at a certain level compared to WO 3 ⁇ H 2 O Tungstite, but the intensity was weak compared to Example 2, while it was confirmed that the distribution of the peaks was relatively widely distributed, which
- the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles is composed of a combination of needle-shaped and spherical, which means that parts with relatively good crystallinity and parts with poor crystallinity are mixed.
- the D 50 of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body was about 8.13 ⁇ m, and the standard deviation of the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body was about 3.10 ⁇ m. It can be seen that it is formed evenly and its size can be well controlled to 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the D 50 of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body was about 10.48 ⁇ m and the standard deviation of the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body was about 6.47 ⁇ m, through which the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles was needle-like,
- the D 50 of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body was about 7.27 ⁇ m, and the standard deviation of the diameter of the amorphous tungstic acid fusion body was about 2.92 ⁇ m, through which the shape of the tungstic acid primary particles was a combination of needle and spherical
- the particle size of the tungsten acid fusion body is formed relatively evenly, and it can be confirmed that the size can be well controlled to 30 ⁇ m or less.
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Abstract
Description
텅스텐산염
수용액 |
분산제(제1 첨가제) | 산성용액(치환제) | 용해제(응집제, 제2 첨가제) | 반응온도 | 반응시간 |
300ml
(비중 1.20) |
NH 4Cl : 10g | HNO 3 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 30ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml
(비중 1.20) |
NH 4Cl : 10g | HCl : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 30ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml
(비중 1.20) |
NH 4Cl : 10g | H 2SO 4 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 30ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml
(비중 1.20) |
(NH 4) 2SO 4 : 15g | HNO 3 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 25ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
텅스텐산염 수용액 | 분산제 | 산성용액(치환제) | 용해제(응집제) | 반응온도 | 반응시간 |
300ml
(비중 1.05) |
NH 4Cl : 10g | HNO 3 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 40ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml
(비중 1.05) |
NH 4Cl : 10g | HCl : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 40ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml
(비중 1.05) |
NH 4Cl : 10g | H 2SO 4 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 40ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml
(비중 1.05) |
(NH 4) 2SO 4 : 15g | HNO 3 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 35ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
텅스텐산염 수용액 | 분산제 | 산성용액(치환제) | 용해제(응집제) | 반응온도 | 반응시간 |
300ml(비중 1.15) | NH 4Cl : 10g | HNO 3 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 35ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml(비중 1.15) | NH 4Cl : 10g | HCl : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 35ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml(비중 1.15) | NH 4Cl : 10g | H 2SO 4 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 35ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
300ml(비중 1.15) | (NH 4) 2SO 4 : 15g | HNO 3 : 100ml | H 2O 2 : 30ml | 45~50℃ | 6hr |
Claims (14)
- 텅스텐산의 1차 입자를 응집시켜 형성한 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체에 관한 것으로서,상기 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체는 상기 텅스텐산 1차 입자들 간 상호 연결되어 방상의 구조를 형성하고 있는 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 텅스텐산의 1차 입자의 형상은 구형, 침상 또는 이들의 조합인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 텅스텐산의 1차 입자는 직경 0.01 내지 2.0 ㎛의 구형 입자인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 텅스텐산의 1차 입자는 길이(L)가 0.01 내지 1.8㎛ 이고,면적비(aspect ratio, L/D)가 12 내지 24인 침상 입자인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체의 직경은 30㎛ 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체의, 레이저 회절 산란식 입도 분포 측정법에 의해 측정하여 얻어지는 입도 분포에 의한 D 50은 5 내지 12㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체의 직경의 표준 편차는 1.5 내지 7㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 텅스텐산 1차 입자의 적어도 80% 이상이 적어도 5개 이상 서로 융착 결합하여 응집된 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 텅스텐산 1차 입자는 침상 입자 및 구형 입자로 이루어지고,상기 텅스텐산 1차 입자는 (침상 입자의 중량):(구형 입자의 중량) 비가 1:0.3 내지 3인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체.
- 텅스텐산염 수용액에 암모늄화합물을 포함하는 제1 첨가제를 첨가하는 단계;상기 텅스텐산염 수용액에 산성용액을 투입하는 단계; 및상기 산성용액을 투입한 이후에, 상기 수용액에 과산화수소 및 불산 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 제2 첨가제를 첨가하는 단계;를 포함하는 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체의 제조방법으로서,상기 텅스텐산염 수용액의 비중은 1.01 초과 1.50 미만이고, 상기 산성용액은 상기 텅스텐산염 수용액 100ml당 20~80ml 투입되고, 상기 제1 첨가제는 상기 텅스텐산염 수용액 100ml당 1~10g 첨가되고, 상기 제2 첨가제는 상기 텅스텐산염 수용액 100ml당 1~20ml 첨가되고,상기 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체는 텅스텐산 1차 입자들 간 상호 연결되어 방상의 구조를 형성한 것이고,상기 텅스텐산의 1차 입자의 형상은 구형, 침상 또는 이들의 조합인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체의 제조방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 텅스텐산의 1차 입자의 형상은 침상이거나, 또는 침상 및 구형 형상의 조합인 것을 특징으로 하는, 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 따른 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체 분말을 하소하여 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 텅스텐 산화물.
- 제1항에 따른 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체 분말을 환원시켜 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 텅스텐 분말.
- 제1항에 따른 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체 분말을 침탄시켜 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 탄화 텅스텐 분말.
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US18/265,099 US20240018010A1 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2020-12-02 | Amorphous tungstic acid fusion and tungsten oxide prepared using same |
PCT/KR2020/017467 WO2022119000A1 (ko) | 2020-12-02 | 2020-12-02 | 비정질 텅스텐산 융합체 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 텅스텐 산화물 |
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CN116143175A (zh) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-05-23 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | 一种高比表面积的纳米氧化钨及其制备方法 |
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KR100191277B1 (ko) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-06-15 | 최효병 | 텅스텐산분말을 이용한 탄화텅스텐분말 및 텅스텐분말의 제조방 법 |
JP2006156121A (ja) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-06-15 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 可視光透過型粒子分散導電体、導電性粒子、可視光透過型導電物品、およびその製造方法 |
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KR20190008015A (ko) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 산화텅스텐의 제조방법 |
-
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KR950008000A (ko) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-04-15 | 이진백 | 텅스틱 엑시드(Tungstic acid : H2WO4)의 제조방법 |
KR100191277B1 (ko) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-06-15 | 최효병 | 텅스텐산분말을 이용한 탄화텅스텐분말 및 텅스텐분말의 제조방 법 |
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CN116143175A (zh) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-05-23 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | 一种高比表面积的纳米氧化钨及其制备方法 |
CN116143175B (zh) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-08-08 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | 一种高比表面积的纳米氧化钨及其制备方法 |
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