WO2022117124A1 - 一种采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法 - Google Patents

一种采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022117124A1
WO2022117124A1 PCT/CN2022/073507 CN2022073507W WO2022117124A1 WO 2022117124 A1 WO2022117124 A1 WO 2022117124A1 CN 2022073507 W CN2022073507 W CN 2022073507W WO 2022117124 A1 WO2022117124 A1 WO 2022117124A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
goaf
hole
layer
drill
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PCT/CN2022/073507
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈岩
李振兵
景晓军
韩绍光
张霄汉
张航
申超宇
吴佳骏
孙政杰
彭红岩
Original Assignee
中铁九局集团第七工程有限公司
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Application filed by 中铁九局集团第七工程有限公司 filed Critical 中铁九局集团第七工程有限公司
Priority to JP2022540927A priority Critical patent/JP7292772B2/ja
Publication of WO2022117124A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022117124A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of geological roadbed, and in particular relates to a construction method for expanding a pipe outside a borehole in a goaf.
  • the drilling rig re-drills to the treatment layer below the goaf of the first layer.
  • the construction method of the prior art requires grouting treatment of the upper untreated layer, and the untreated layer refers to the goaf that does not need grouting treatment.
  • the other first-layer goaf and the second-layer gob are all untreated layers. This not only prolongs the construction period, but also increases the construction cost.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for expanding the pipe in a goaf borehole, so as to at least solve the problems that the current construction method not only prolongs the construction period but also increases the construction cost by grouting the untreated layer.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions, a construction method for expanding a pipe outside a borehole in a goaf, the construction method comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 setting out the construction and cleaning the site
  • step S2 the starting hole is drilled by the drilling rig, and then the diameter is reduced to drill into the goaf of the first layer, and then the drill pipe is lifted;
  • Step S3 put the externally expanded pipe into the goaf of the first layer through the drill hole, the cross-section of the externally expanded pipe is a special-shaped pipe, the maximum diameter of the externally expanded pipe before it is not expanded is smaller than the diameter of the drilled hole, and the externally expanded pipe is along the The axis of the drilled hole is placed in the first goaf, the axial length of the outer expansion pipe is greater than the length of the first layer of the goaf in the direction of the drilling, and the bottom end of the outer expanded pipe is lower than the first layer of the goaf, and the outer The top of the expanded pipe is higher than the goaf of the first layer;
  • step S4 the externally expanded pipe is expanded by using an externally expanded drill bit, the diameter of the expanded externally expanded pipe is greater than or equal to the diameter of the drilled hole, and the circumference of the cross-sectional shape of the externally expanded pipe is greater than or equal to the circumference of the drilled hole;
  • Step S5 continue to drill to the next layer of gobs, repeat the operations in steps S2 to S4 in the next layer of gobs, until drilling to the target gob position;
  • Step S6 docking the grouting pipe with the borehole, and injecting the slurry into the target goaf;
  • step S2 a starting hole is first drilled by a drilling rig, and the depth of the starting hole being drilled into the complete bedrock is greater than 5m, and then a drill hole is drilled downward at the bottom of the starting hole, and the diameter of the hole is smaller than that of the starting hole. Raise the drill pipe after the hole is drilled to the first floor of the goaf;
  • the grouting pipe is provided with a flange, and the diameter of the flange is larger than the diameter of the drilled hole;
  • the flange plate is placed at the bottom of the starting hole, and the outlet of the grouting pipe is opposite to the drilling hole; the orifice pipe is filled with plugging material for sealing.
  • the construction method of pipe expansion outside the goaf can effectively save the material waste of the untreated layer, save a lot of grouting materials and steel pipes, and effectively reduce the construction cost.
  • the construction method also greatly shortens the completion time of the goaf treatment. Due to the fast construction progress and good quality, it creates favorable favorable conditions for the main construction, ensures the construction progress, and greatly shortens the construction period.
  • Fig. 1 is the construction flow chart of pipe expansion outside the goaf
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a pipe expansion process
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the external expansion drill bit
  • Fig. 4 is a kind of structural representation of external expansion pipe
  • Fig. 5 is another kind of structural schematic diagram of external expansion pipe
  • Fig. 6 is another kind of structural schematic diagram of external expansion pipe
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of grouting.
  • the present invention provides a construction method for pipe expansion outside a goaf, and the construction method is suitable for full backfill pressure grouting in goaf and underground tunnels of multi-layer coal mines Layered governance construction.
  • the technical principle of the construction method is: according to the one-time hole-forming construction process, after passing through the first-layer goaf, continue to drill to a certain depth of the first-layer gob floor to extract the drill pipe. Start to install the outer expansion pipe of the first layer of goaf, run down the drill pipe again, and use the drill bit to drill the outer expansion pipe at the position of the goaf to expand the outer expansion pipe. After all the expansion of the external expansion pipe is completed, the effective sealing of the goaf of the first layer is formed, and the drilling rig continues to drill down for construction. By analogy, all the goafs that do not need to be treated are completely blocked. After the drilling is completed, the orifice pipe installation and grouting work are carried out.
  • the construction method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 construction stakeout and site cleaning.
  • the measurement and stakeout error does not exceed 0.5m, and it is difficult to carry out the operation site, that is, due to the influence of the terrain, when the drill hole cannot be placed in the design position, the position correction is performed, and the distance from the original position after the correction is corrected. It is not allowed to exceed 1.0m.
  • step S2 the starting hole is drilled by the drilling machine, and then the diameter is reduced to drill into the goaf of the first layer, and then the drill pipe is lifted.
  • the drilling rig make the drilling rig in place, keep the drill pipe vertical, set up the cable wind rope, and install the corresponding auxiliary equipment, including the three-level distribution box, the construction water supply pump, safety protection measures, harmful gas detection equipment, fire fighting facilities, etc. .
  • drill the starting hole by the drilling rig the depth of the starting hole being drilled into the complete bedrock is more than 5m, and then drilling down the bottom of the starting hole, the diameter of the hole is smaller than the starting hole, and the hole is drilled to After the first floor of the goaf floor, lift the drill pipe.
  • the hole is drilled with water in a gyratory way, and impact drilling is not allowed to prevent the gob from collapsing suddenly.
  • core drilling holes with 3% to 5% of the total number of grouting holes should be arranged to investigate and verify the formation conditions, determine and indicate the drilling horizon of the surrounding drilling holes, and confirm the layer thickness of the goaf. Make sure that the upper and lower ends of the external expansion pipe are larger than the layer thickness by more than 0.2m to ensure the installation quality of the external expansion pipe.
  • the verticality of the drilling hole should be kept as far as possible during the drilling construction to ensure that the hole wall is stable and the hole is unobstructed after the hole is formed.
  • the diameter of the initial hole is ⁇ 130mm
  • the initial hole enters the complete bedrock 6m
  • the diameter of the drill hole is changed to drill to the bottom plate of the first layer of goaf
  • the diameter of the drill hole is ⁇ 89mm.
  • the purpose of installing the orifice pipe is to prevent the upper part of the drilled hole from collapsing and causing the hole to be blocked; and changing the diameter of the drilled hole is to form a step between the starting hole and the diameter of the drilled hole after the diameter reduction.
  • the orifice tube is mounted on the step so that the orifice tube can be placed to sink down.
  • Step S3 put the outer expanded pipe into the goaf of the first layer through the drill hole, the cross section of the outer expanded pipe is a special-shaped pipe, and the maximum diameter of the outer expanded pipe before expansion is smaller than the diameter of the drill hole, so as to facilitate the outer expansion.
  • the externally expanded pipe is placed in the first goaf along the axis of the borehole, the axial length of the externally expanded pipe is greater than the thickness of the first layer of goaf, the bottom end of the externally expanded pipe is lower than the first layer of goaf, and the outer The top of the expanded pipe is higher than the goaf of the first layer.
  • the outer expansion pipe is processed according to the length of the goaf plus 0.4m, and the outer expansion pipe is placed in the drilled hole.
  • the top of the externally expanded pipe is higher than the top plate of the first-layer goaf, and the externally expanded pipe penetrates the first-layer goaf.
  • the endoscope is used for inspection to ensure that the external expansion tube is installed in place and plays its due role.
  • the cross section of the externally expanded pipe has an inner concave portion that expands the axis of the outwardly expanded pipe, and the inner concave portion is concave to the axis of the outwardly expanded pipe, so that the externally expanded pipe has a larger cross-sectional circumference within a smaller diameter range.
  • the maximum diameter of the externally expanded pipe before expansion is smaller than the diameter of the drilled hole, thereby facilitating the lowering of the externally expanded pipe.
  • There are multiple inner concave portions, and the plurality of inner concave portions are centrally symmetric along the axis of the outer expanded pipe.
  • the outer expansion pipe is made of a steel pipe with a wall thickness of 5 mm, and the outer expansion pipe is a special-shaped pipe with a non-circular cross-section.
  • the maximum diameter of the outer expansion pipe during expansion is 80 mm;
  • the long converted diameter is greater than or equal to 89mm, so that the external expansion pipe can stick to the hole wall of the borehole after expansion, so as to isolate the inside of the borehole from the goaf, so that there is no need to grouting the gob that does not need to be treated.
  • the inner concave portion is arc-shaped, there are 8 inner concave portions, and the 8 inner concave portions are centrally symmetrical along the axis of the outer expanded pipe.
  • the inner recess has two intersecting arcuate sides.
  • the inner concave portion has an arc-shaped structure, which makes the transition of the inner concave portion itself smoother, so that during the expansion of the outer expanded pipe, each inner concave portion on the outer expanded pipe will not have stress concentration, thereby facilitating the expansion of the outer expanded pipe.
  • the maximum diameter of the externally expanded tube 1 before expansion is less than 89mm, and after the externally expanded tube is expanded, the externally expanded contour line 11 of the externally expanded tube is circular, and its diameter is greater than or equal to 89mm.
  • the external expansion drill bit is truncated, the diameter of the external expansion drill bit increases gradually from bottom to top, and the diameter of the external expansion drill bit gradually increases, so that the external expansion pipe also gradually becomes larger during expansion, and the external expansion pipe is subjected to more uniform force during expansion. , to ensure that the external expansion pipe has a better expansion effect.
  • step S4 the externally expanded pipe is expanded with an externally expanded drill bit, the diameter of the expanded externally expanded pipe is greater than or equal to the diameter of the drilled hole (that is, greater than or equal to 89 mm), and the perimeter of the cross-sectional shape of the externally expanded pipe is greater than or equal to the diameter of the drilled hole.
  • the circumference of the circle should not be affected by the drilling construction of the goaf of the next layer.
  • Step S5 continue drilling to the next layer of goaf, repeat the operations in steps S2 to S4 in the next layer of gob until drilling to the target gob position.
  • the third goaf is the treatment layer, and neither the first gob nor the second gob needs to be treated. Therefore, when drilling into the second gob, repeat steps S2 to S4 until the Drill into the third goaf.
  • step S6 the grouting pipe 3 is docked with the borehole, and the slurry is injected into the target goaf.
  • the grouting pipe 3 is provided with a flange 31, and the diameter of the flange 31 is larger than that of the drilled hole; the flange 31 is placed at the bottom of the starting hole, and the outlet of the grouting pipe 3 is opposite to the drilled hole;
  • the mouth tube is filled with sealing material 4 for sealing.
  • a tee is installed at the nozzle of the grouting pipe 3, and the other two ends of the tee are respectively connected to the feed pipe 5 and the pressure gauge 6; when the aggregate needs to be put in during the grouting process, the pressure gauge 6 is replaced with a hopper for Throw in aggregate.
  • the ⁇ 50mm grouting pipe 3 with a ⁇ 125mm flange tray at one end is lowered to the variable diameter position, and the variable diameter position is 6m down from the ground into the bedrock, where an orifice pipe is installed to prevent the occurrence of The landslide blocks the borehole.
  • the plugging material 4 includes gravel, clay and cement slurry. First, put a small amount of gravel in the orifice tube to block the large gap, then put a small amount of clay to prevent a large amount of leakage of the slurry, and finally pour in the cement with a water-cement ratio of 1:1.5.
  • the height of the slurry in the orifice pipe is not less than 4m, which can better achieve the sealing effect and prevent the failure of the pressurization process.
  • the 50mm grouting pipe 3 should be 0.5m above the ground, and a tee pipe for grouting can be installed on the nozzle of the grouting pipe 3. After the construction of the nozzle of the grouting pipe 3 is completed, install a plug to prevent foreign matter from entering the hole. Before installing the tee, remove the plug and install the tee. One side of the three-way pipe is the feeding pipe 5, the other side is the grouting pipe 3, and the other is the pressure gauge 6. If the aggregate needs to be put in during construction, replace the pressure gauge 6 with a hopper for adding the aggregate.
  • the traditional construction method when dealing with non-disposable goaf layers, only pipe expansion and isolation are required, and then the drilling operation can be continued.
  • the traditional construction method needs to inject quick-setting slurry in the first layer of goaf, wait for about 24 hours after the slurry solidifies, and then re-drilling with variable diameter.
  • the construction method reduces the intermittent time of grouting and slurry solidification, and reduces the process of hole sweeping. Therefore, 1 day of working time can be saved every time the goaf is crossed when opening the hole. At the same time, there is no need to grouting the untreated layer, and the installation of the external expansion pipe can block the surrounding area, which greatly shortens the construction period.
  • the construction method can effectively seal the goaf after pipe expansion, and does not affect the drilling rig to continue drilling operation.
  • the pipe expansion process can effectively prevent slurry leakage and slurry running in the goaf, and the construction quality is reliable.

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Abstract

一种采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，包括以下步骤：步骤S1，施工放样，清理场地；步骤S2，通过钻机打出起始孔，变径钻进至第一层采空区(10)；步骤S3，将外扩管(1)通过钻孔放入到第一层采空区，外扩管的横截面为异型管，外扩管沿钻孔的轴线放入第一采空区中；步骤S4，利用外扩钻头(2)将外扩管进行扩张；步骤S5，继续钻进至下一层采空区，在下一层采空区重复步骤S2-步骤S4中的操作，直至钻进到目标采空区位置；步骤S6，将注浆管(3)与钻孔对接，向目标采空区注入浆液。该施工方法有效节省不治理层的材料浪费，节约大量注浆材料及钢管，降低施工成本，缩短了施工工期。

Description

一种采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于地质路基技术领域，具体涉及一种采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法。
背景技术
随着国民经济的持续发展，不良地质条件下的工程建设越来越多。在采空区上施工建筑时，有时仅采用地面各种保护措施难以保证地面建筑物的安全，必须进行采空区处理。废弃采空区顶板垮落、煤柱破碎，或煤柱压入较软的底板。由此造成的上覆岩层移动破坏、地面沉陷常常在开采之后几十年甚至上百年后都可能发生。沉陷量和沉陷时间难以准确预测，对地面的建筑物危害极大。在这种情况下，采空区的处理问题日益突出。
在现有技术中，常采用多次成孔方法，需要在第一层采空区注入速凝浆液，等待24小时左右浆液凝固后，钻机重新钻进至第一层采空区下方的治理层。现有技术的施工方法需要对上方不治理层进行注浆处理，不治理层指的是不需要进行注浆处理的采空区，例如总共有三层采空区，其中第三层采空区为需要进行注浆处理的治理层，另外的第一层采空区及第二层采空区均为不治理层。这不仅延长了施工周期，同时增加了施工成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，以至少解决目前施工方法对不治理层注浆不仅延长了施工周期而且增加了施工成本等问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案，一种采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，该施工方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，施工放样，清理场地；
步骤S2，通过钻机打出起始孔，然后变径钻进至第一层采空区，然后提升钻杆；
步骤S3，将外扩管通过钻孔放入到第一层采空区，外扩管的横截面为异型管，外扩管未扩管前的最大直径小于钻孔的直径，外扩管沿钻孔的轴线放 入第一采空区中，外扩管的轴向长度大于第一层采空区在钻孔方向的长度，外扩管的底端低于第一层采空区，外扩管的顶端高于第一层采空区；
步骤S4，利用外扩钻头将外扩管进行扩张，扩张后的外扩管的直径大于等于钻孔的直径，外扩管的横截面形状的周长大于等于钻孔的圆周长；
步骤S5，继续钻进至下一层采空区，在下一层采空区重复步骤S2-步骤S4中的操作，直至钻进到目标采空区位置；
步骤S6，将注浆管与钻孔对接，向目标采空区注入浆液；
在步骤S2中，先通过钻机钻出起始孔，起始孔钻入完整基岩的深度大于5m，然后在起始孔的孔底向下打出钻孔，钻孔的直径小于起始孔，钻孔钻进至第一层采空区底板后，提升钻杆；
在起始孔内安装孔口管，注浆管上设置有法兰盘，法兰盘的直径大于钻孔的直径；
法兰盘放置在所述起始孔的孔底，注浆管的出口与所述钻孔相对；在孔口管中填充封堵材料进行密封。
有益效果：
采空区外扩管施工方法有效节省不治理层的材料浪费，节约了大量注浆材料及钢管，有效降低施工成本。该施工方法还将采空区处治完成时间大大缩短，因工程施工进度快，质量好，为主体施工创造了良好的有利条件，确保了施工进度，极大的缩短了施工工期。
附图说明
图1为采空区外扩管施工流程图；
图2为扩管过程示意图；
图3为外扩钻头的结构示意图；
图4为外扩管的一种结构示意图；
图5为外扩管的另一种结构示意图；
图6为外扩管的另一种结构示意图；
图7为注浆浇筑示意图。
图中：1、外扩管；2、外扩钻头；3、注浆管；31、法兰盘；4、封堵材料；5、进料管；6、压力表；11、外扩后轮廓线；10、第一层采空区；20、第二层采空区；30、第三层采空区。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的具体实施例，如图1-7所示，本发明提供一种采空区外扩管施工方法，该施工方法适用于多层煤矿采空区、井下巷道的全充填压力注浆分层治理施工。
本施工方法的工艺原理为：按照一次成孔施工工艺进行施工，在通过第一层采空区后，继续钻进至第一层采空区底板若干深度提出钻杆。开始安装第一层采空区外扩管，重新下钻杆，在采空区位置利用钻头钻进外扩管，使外扩管进行扩张。当外扩管全部扩张完成后形成对第一层采空区的有效封堵，钻机继续向下钻进施工。以此类推，将所有不需要处理的采空区全部封堵完成。钻孔全部完成后进行孔口管安装及注浆作业。
该施工方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，施工放样，清理场地。首先进行测量放样，实行复测制度，测量放样误差不超过0.5m，确有困难无法进行操作地点，也即因地形影响，钻孔不能放在设计位置时，进行位置修正，修正后距离原位置不允许超过1.0m，具体的，先施工其周围可以就位的钻孔，在根据钻探揭露采空区的情况进行调整，然后利用装载机清理场地。
步骤S2，通过钻机打出起始孔，然后变径钻进至第一层采空区，然后提升钻杆。具体的，使钻机就位，钻杆保持垂直，且设置缆风绳，并安装相应的附属设备，包括三级配电箱、施工用水供应水泵、安全防护措施、有害气体检测设备、消防设施等。然后通过钻机钻出起始孔，起始孔钻入完整基岩的深度大于5m，然后在起始孔的孔底向下打出钻孔，钻孔的直径小于起始孔，钻孔钻进至第一层采空区底板后，提升钻杆。
钻孔采用回旋方式带水钻进，不允许用冲击式钻进，以防采空区突然发生塌落。钻进初始阶段，应布设灌浆孔总数3％～5％的取芯钻孔，以便对地层情况进行勘测和验证，确定和指示周边钻孔的钻进层位，确认采空区的层厚，保证放入的外扩管上下端均大于层厚0.2m以上，保证外扩管安装质量，其余钻孔可参照取芯钻孔的钻进情况，实施不取芯钻进。对钻孔倾斜度不做专门要求，但在钻孔施工中应尽量保持钻孔垂直度，确保成孔后孔壁稳定，孔内通畅。
在本实施例中，起始孔的孔径为Φ130mm，起始孔进入完整基岩6m， 然后改变钻孔直径，钻进至第一层采空区底板，钻孔直径为Φ89mm。在起始孔内安装孔口管，安装孔口管是防止钻孔的上部松散土塌方造成堵孔；而改变钻孔直径，是为了在起始孔与变径后的钻孔直径形成台阶，孔口管安装在台阶上，从而能够放置孔口管向下沉。
步骤S3，将外扩管通过钻孔放入到第一层采空区，外扩管的横截面为异型管，外扩管未扩管前的最大直径小于钻孔的直径，从而便于外扩管下方到采空区位置。外扩管沿钻孔的轴线放入第1采空区中，外扩管的轴向长度大于第一层采空区的厚度，外扩管的底端低于第一层采空区，外扩管的顶端高于第一层采空区。
具体的，在本实施例中，钻孔至第一层采空区后，从第一层采空区的底板向下钻进0.2m，根据掉钻情况判断采空区在钻孔方向上的长度，将外扩管按照采空区长度加0.4m加工完成，将外扩管放入钻孔内，外扩管沉底后定位在第一层采空区中，使得外扩管的底部放置在第一层采空区底板的钻孔中，外扩管的顶部高于第一层采空区的顶板，外扩管贯穿第一层采空区。如此设置不仅方便外扩管的安装，而且保证外扩管的精准定位。在不确定外扩管是否安装就位的情况下，采用内窥镜进行检查，保证外扩管安装就位，发挥应有的作用。
外扩管的横截面具有向外扩管轴心的内凹部，内凹部向外扩管的轴心内凹，从而使得外扩管在更小的直径范围内具有更大的横截面周长，而外扩管在未扩张前的最大直径小于钻孔的直径，从而便于外扩管的下放。内凹部具有多个，多个内凹部沿外扩管轴心呈中心对称。
在本实施例中，外扩管采用壁厚5mm钢管制作，外扩管为异型管，其横截面非圆形，为扩张时的外扩管的最大直径为80mm；外扩管横截面的周长换算直径大于等于89mm，使得外扩管在扩张后能够贴紧钻孔的孔壁，从而将钻孔内与采空区隔绝开来，进而不用对不需要治理的采空区进行注浆。
如图4、图5所示，内凹部为弧形，内凹部具有8个，8个内凹部沿外扩管的轴心呈中心对称。如图6所示，内凹部具有两条相交的弧形边。内凹部具有弧形结构，使得内凹部本身过渡更加平滑，如此在进行外扩管扩张时，外扩管上的每个内凹部均不会出现应力集中的情况，从而便于外扩管的扩张。
外扩管1在未扩张前的最大直径小于89mm，外扩管在扩张后，外扩管 的外扩后轮廓线11为圆形，其直径大于等于89mm。
外扩钻头为圆台形，外扩钻头的直径由下至上逐渐增大，外扩钻头的直径逐渐增大，使得外扩管在扩张时也逐渐变大，外扩管在扩张时受力更加均匀，保证外扩管具有更好的扩张效果。
步骤S4，利用外扩钻头将外扩管进行扩张，扩张后的外扩管的直径大于等于钻孔的直径(即大于等于89mm)，外扩管的横截面形状的周长大于等于钻孔的圆周长，以不影响对下一层采空区的钻进施工。
步骤S5，继续钻进至下一层采空区，在下一层采空区重复步骤S2-步骤S4中的操作，直至钻进到目标采空区位置。在本实施例中，第三采空区为治理层，第一采空区与第二采空区均不需要治理，因此在钻进第二采空区时，重复步骤S2-步骤S4，直至钻进到第三采空区。
步骤S6，将注浆管3与钻孔对接，向目标采空区注入浆液。
注浆管3上设置有法兰盘31，法兰盘31的直径大于钻孔的直径；法兰盘31放置在起始孔的孔底，注浆管3的出口与钻孔相对；在孔口管中填充封堵材料4进行密封。在注浆管3的管口安装三通，三通的另外两个端分别连接进料管5、压力表6；在注浆过程中需要投放骨料时，将压力表6换成料斗用于投放骨料。
具体的，在成孔后，将一端带有Φ125mm法兰托盘的Φ50mm注浆管3下至变径位置，变径位置为地表向下进入基岩6m，此处安装有孔口管，防止发生塌方堵塞钻孔。封堵材料4包括砾石、粘土与水泥浆，先在孔口管内放入少量砾石以堵塞大的缝隙，然后放入少量粘土，防止浆液大量渗漏，最后灌入水灰比为1:1.5的素水泥浆，浆液在孔口管内的高度不小于4m，能够更好的达到密封效果，防止加压过程密封不好加压失败。首先填充砾石，后填充黏土，在距地面不小于4m，时填充水泥浆。水泥浆液中加入水泥重量的2％的水玻璃，确保填充水泥浆高度不小于4m，达到良好的密封性。
φ50mm注浆管3要高出地面0.5m，并在注浆管3的管口上安装注浆用的三通管既可注浆。注浆管3的管口施工结束后安装堵头防止异物进入孔内，安装三通前需要将堵头塞拆掉，安装三通管。安装三通管一侧为进料管5，一侧为注浆管3，一个安装压力表6。施工中如需投放骨料，将压力表6换成料斗用于投放骨料。
综上所述，本发明提供的采空区外扩管施工方法，相较于传统的多次成孔工艺，过渡采空区仅需进行扩管施工。不需要浇筑止浆套管、减少了多次成孔、注浆及扫孔等施工内容。有效节省不治理层的材料浪费，节约了大量注浆材料及钢管，有效降低施工成本。
本施工方法在处理非处置采空区层时，仅需进行扩管隔离，即可继续进行钻进作业。传统施工方法需要在第一层采空区注入速凝浆液，等待24小时左右浆液凝固后，变径重新钻进。本施工方法相较于传统工艺，减少了注浆及浆液凝固间歇时间，减少了扫孔过程。因此在开孔时每跨越一层采空区时能够节省1天工作时间。同时不需要对不治理层进行注浆，安装外扩管即可起到封堵周边的效果，极大的缩短了施工工期。
本施工方法在扩管后能够有效封堵采空区，不影响钻机继续钻进作业。同时在注浆过程中扩管工艺能够有效防止采空区漏浆、跑浆等情况，施工质量可靠。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，其特征在于，该施工方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1，施工放样，清理场地；
    步骤S2，通过钻机打出起始孔，然后变径钻进至第一层采空区，然后提升钻杆；
    步骤S3，将外扩管通过钻孔放入到第一层采空区，外扩管的横截面为异型管，外扩管未扩管前的最大直径小于钻孔的直径，外扩管沿钻孔的轴线放入第一采空区中，所述外扩管的轴向长度大于第一层采空区在钻孔方向的长度，外扩管的底端低于第一层采空区，外扩管的顶端高于第一层采空区；
    步骤S4，利用外扩钻头将外扩管进行扩张，扩张后的外扩管的直径大于等于钻孔的直径，外扩管的横截面形状的周长大于等于钻孔的圆周长；
    步骤S5，继续钻进至下一层采空区，在下一层采空区重复步骤S2-步骤S4中的操作，直至钻进到目标采空区位置；
    步骤S6，将注浆管与钻孔对接，向目标采空区注入浆液；
    在步骤S2中，先通过钻机钻出起始孔，起始孔钻入完整基岩的深度大于5m，然后在起始孔的孔底向下打出钻孔，钻孔的直径小于起始孔，钻孔钻进至第一层采空区底板后，提升钻杆；
    在所述起始孔内安装孔口管，所述注浆管上设置有法兰盘，所述法兰盘的直径大于钻孔的直径；
    所述法兰盘放置在所述起始孔的孔底，所述注浆管的出口与所述钻孔相对；在孔口管中填充封堵材料进行密封。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，其特征在于，在步骤S3中，外扩管的底部放置在第一层采空区底板的钻孔中，外扩管的顶部高于第一层采空区的顶板，外扩管贯穿第一层采空区。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，其特征在于，所述外扩管的横截面具有向外扩管轴心的内凹部；
    所述内凹部具有多个，多个所述内凹部沿外扩管轴心呈中心对称。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，其特征在于，所述内凹部为弧形；
    或者，所述内凹部具有两条相交的弧形边。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，其特征在于，在步骤S1中，首先进行测量放样，实行复测制度，测量放样误差不超过0.5m，在无法进行操作地点，进行位置修正。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，其特征在于，所述外扩钻头为圆台形，所述外扩钻头的直径由下至上逐渐增大。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，其特征在于，在所述注浆管的管口安装三通，三通的另外两个端分别连接进料管、压力表；
    在注浆过程中需要投放骨料时，将压力表换成料斗用于投放骨料。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的采空区钻孔外扩管施工方法，其特征在于，对孔口管进行密封时，在孔口管内放入砾石以堵塞大的缝隙，然后放入粘土，最后灌入水泥浆，所述水泥浆在孔口管中的高度不小于4m。
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CN115255830B (zh) * 2022-07-29 2023-06-09 太原理工大学 一种电厂烟气注入采空区防灾封存的烟道开孔接管方法

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