WO2022116546A1 - 一种隧道窑及输送方法 - Google Patents

一种隧道窑及输送方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022116546A1
WO2022116546A1 PCT/CN2021/106405 CN2021106405W WO2022116546A1 WO 2022116546 A1 WO2022116546 A1 WO 2022116546A1 CN 2021106405 W CN2021106405 W CN 2021106405W WO 2022116546 A1 WO2022116546 A1 WO 2022116546A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
kiln
gas replacement
replacement chamber
tunnel
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/106405
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王霞
吴桢
Original Assignee
信诺先端热工科技(苏州)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202011399576.1A external-priority patent/CN112414113A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202022854325.XU external-priority patent/CN213873744U/zh
Application filed by 信诺先端热工科技(苏州)有限公司 filed Critical 信诺先端热工科技(苏州)有限公司
Priority to EP21878744.8A priority Critical patent/EP4040096A4/en
Priority to KR1020227014509A priority patent/KR20220079891A/ko
Publication of WO2022116546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022116546A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/26—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/02—Skids or tracks for heavy objects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
    • F27D3/123—Furnace cars

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of lithium-ion battery material processing, and in particular, to a tunnel kiln and a conveying method.
  • the equipment for high-temperature calcination is generally a continuous tunnel kiln.
  • Continuous tunnel kilns can be divided into different types such as push plate type, roller type and wheel rail type. It is capable of continuous production for twenty-four hours and therefore has a higher capacity than batch kilns.
  • the push-plate tunnel kiln has a relatively short effective heating length due to the large resistance of the propulsion method, so the potential for productivity improvement is limited; the roller-type tunnel kiln has higher requirements on the mechanical strength and high temperature stability of the roller, and the roller It is prone to deformation under high temperature load and thus has limited potential for further increase in production capacity.
  • the wheel-rail type tunnel kiln fundamentally avoids these two defects. Therefore, the wheel-rail type tunnel kiln has a greater potential for increasing production capacity.
  • the present application proposes a tunnel kiln and a conveying method.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a tunnel kiln, which includes a kiln car, a kiln body, a first gas replacement chamber, a second gas replacement chamber, and a gate that can be selectively opened and closed.
  • the kiln body has a tunnel inside, and the tunnel is provided with a track.
  • the first gas displacement chamber has a first inlet and a first outlet.
  • the first gas replacement chamber is connected with one end of the kiln body through the first outlet.
  • the second gas displacement chamber has a second inlet and a second outlet.
  • the second gas replacement chamber is connected with the other end of the kiln body through the second inlet.
  • the first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet and the second outlet are respectively provided with gates.
  • a kiln car is configured to pass through the first gas displacement chamber, the kiln body, and the second gas displacement chamber.
  • the tunnel kiln includes a gas-tight casing, and the gas-tight casing encloses the kiln body, the first gas replacement chamber and the second gas replacement chamber.
  • the airtight housing is formed by welding a steel structure frame and a sheet metal prefabricated part.
  • first transfer mechanism independent and cooperating with the track and a first drive mechanism configured to drive the kiln car to move in the first gas replacement chamber
  • second transfer mechanism independent and cooperating with the track in the second gas replacement chamber mechanism and a second drive mechanism configured to drive motion of the kiln car.
  • both ends of the kiln tunnel can be detachably docked with the first transfer mechanism and the second transfer mechanism, respectively.
  • the tunnel kiln includes a kiln car that can optionally move on any of the first transfer mechanism, the second transfer mechanism, and the kiln body track.
  • the first gas replacement chamber and the second gas replacement chamber are respectively provided with damping mechanisms matched with the kiln car.
  • a preheating device is provided in the first gas replacement chamber.
  • a cooling device is provided in the second gas replacement chamber.
  • the side walls of the kiln body have heaters.
  • the side wall of the kiln body has a gas injection port.
  • a temperature sensor is provided in the kiln body.
  • the first gas replacement chamber and the second gas replacement chamber are independently equipped with vacuum devices.
  • the track is a U-shaped structure track or a pit track.
  • a pair of guide rails are arranged at the bottom of the kiln car, and two rows of fixed roller groups are installed at the bottom of the kiln, and the kiln car is moved in the place by the movement of the guide rails on the roller groups. Travel inside the kiln.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a conveying method, which is implemented through the above-mentioned tunnel kiln.
  • Delivery methods include:
  • the second inlet is closed and the carrier is transferred out of the tunnel kiln through the opened second outlet.
  • Fig. 1 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the tunnel kiln in the embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 2 shows the structural schematic diagram of the kiln body in the tunnel kiln of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the first drag chain in the first drive mechanism of the tunnel kiln of FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 4 shows the structural schematic diagram of the first transfer mechanism of the tunnel kiln of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 shows the structural schematic diagram of the gas pipeline layout in the second gas replacement chamber of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the sealing strip of the gas replacement chamber in the tunnel kiln of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7A shows the structural schematic diagram of the track in the tunnel kiln of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7B shows the structural schematic diagram of the pit track in the tunnel kiln of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7C shows the structural schematic diagram of the guide rail and the roller group in the tunnel kiln of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7D shows the structural schematic diagram of the track and rolling ball in the tunnel kiln of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 7E shows a schematic structural diagram of guide rails and rollers in the tunnel kiln of FIG. 1 .
  • 2-3-way vacuum valve 22- the second front drag chain; 23- the second rear drag chain; 24- the first gas replacement chamber; 25- the second gas replacement chamber; 26- the first shell; 27- the second shell; 28-Third shell; 29-Strike head; 30-Wheel; 30a-Ball; 30b-Roller; 30c-Axle; 31-Roller group; 32-Injection port; ; 109 - sealing strip; 110 - gas pipeline; 110a - injector; 171 - furnace wall; 172 - furnace wall.
  • the inventor proposes a new type of wheel-rail type tunnel kiln to improve the problem of poor air tightness of the existing wheel-rail type tunnel kiln.
  • heat treatment or thermochemical treatment can be performed without the interference of gas outside the kiln, and high-quality and large-scale product processing can be realized, so that lithium can be produced efficiently and with high quality.
  • Cathode material for ion batteries can be used.
  • the tunnel kiln includes a kiln body 4 , two gas replacement chambers (respectively a first gas replacement chamber 24 and a second gas replacement chamber 25 ), and a gate.
  • the kiln body 4 is the main operation part of material heat treatment or thermochemical treatment, and provides a reaction place.
  • the kiln body 4 has a tunnel, and is arranged as a work space for material heat treatment or thermochemical treatment.
  • the kiln body 4 may be composed of a furnace roof 16 and a furnace wall (respectively, a furnace wall 171 and a furnace wall 172 ).
  • different equipment such as heating, gas injection, gas extraction, and temperature measurement equipment, which will be described later, can be installed on the furnace roof 16 , the furnace wall 171 , and the furnace wall 172 .
  • the kiln body has a tunnel inside it that does not extend beyond the kiln body.
  • the tunnel of the kiln body 4 generally has a heating zone, a heat preservation zone, and a cooling zone from the inlet to the outlet, and is configured to perform different heat treatments on the objects to be processed.
  • the kiln body 4 also has a kiln head and a kiln tail. Therefore, the material to be calcined can enter the tunnel from the kiln head through the inlet, and pass through the heating zone, the heat preservation zone and the cooling zone in sequence (in the embodiment, the time spent in each zone can be controlled as needed), and then Leave the end of the kiln through the discharge port.
  • the structure of the kiln body 4 can be adjusted or modified adaptively to meet specific requirements. need.
  • the kiln body 4 may be provided with a corresponding heating device to provide high temperature conditions required for calcination. Therefore, in the embodiment, the electric heater 11 can be installed vertically near the side surface of the kiln body 4 (relative to the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the tunnel) (of course, the method of combustion heating with a heat radiant tube can also be used directly, Correspondingly, it can have components such as burners).
  • the number of electric heaters 11 can be selectively set according to conditions such as tunnel length and section size. Also, generally, it can be preferably provided in the temperature-raising zone, the heat-retaining zone, and the indirect cooling zone.
  • the side wall of the kiln body 4 can be selected for filling through the gas injection port 32, so as to inject different types and concentrations of process gas according to the process requirements.
  • a temperature sensor and a gas sensor can also be provided in the kiln body 4 to monitor the temperature and atmosphere of the tunnel section that needs to be monitored. monitor.
  • the heating device and the gas injection device can also be adaptively operated according to the monitored data. For example, if the tunnel temperature is lower than the installation requirement, the heating temperature of the heating device needs to be increased, and if the concentration of the atmosphere in the tunnel is insufficient, the injection speed of the injection device needs to be increased.
  • the tunnel needs to be in a vacuum state or an inert gas atmosphere, then the gas can also be pumped through the above-mentioned injection port to perform gas replacement or exhaust. air gas.
  • the kiln body 4 is independently equipped with an injection port and a gas extraction port, so that the injection and gas extraction can be independently and selectively performed as required.
  • a track 15 (such as a hot-rolled light rail or other profiles that can be configured to support the weight of the kiln car) can be laid at the bottom of the tunnel. Both ends of the rail 15 terminate at the inlet and outlet of the kiln body 4, respectively. In other words, the rails 15 do not extend beyond the kiln body 4 .
  • the track 15 can be used as the running track of the kiln car.
  • the kiln car is a device that is used as the object of transportation work in each of the gas replacement chambers and the tunnels of the kiln body 4 . Therefore, in the embodiment, a kiln car can be arranged in the tunnel kiln so as to carry the stacked saggars and use the saggars to hold the calcined material.
  • the movement mode of the kiln car can be realized by rolling the wheels 30 located at the lower part of the vehicle body on the rails (the kiln body 4 and the two gas replacement chambers are respectively arranged independently).
  • the wheels 30 can also be arranged on both sides of the kiln car, and correspondingly, the rails can also be arranged on both sides of the kiln car; and in the embodiment, the wheels 30 of the kiln car can be embedded in the U-shaped structure in track 42.
  • the track is provided as a pit track structure along which the kiln car moves. For example, the track is erected in a pre-cast concrete pit, and then the kiln body 4 is erected on the concrete surface and then the kiln body 4 is sealed with the concrete surface.
  • a pair of guide rails 15a are arranged at the bottom of the kiln car, and two rows of fixed roller groups 31 are installed at the bottom of the kiln, and the kiln car travels in the kiln body through the movement of the guide rails 15a on the roller group 30.
  • a pair of guide rails 15b are arranged at the bottom of the kiln car.
  • the cross-sections of the pair of guide rails 15b and the guide rail 15c installed at the bottom of the kiln are both V-shaped or concave, and rolling balls 30a are arranged between the two guide rails.
  • the kiln car travels in the kiln body by the guide rail 15b moving on the ball 30a.
  • a pair of guide rails 15d are arranged at the bottom of the kiln car, and the cross-sections of the pair of guide rails 15d and the guide rails 15e installed at the bottom of the kiln are both V-shaped or concave, and rollers 30b are arranged between the two guide rails,
  • a shaft 30c penetrates through the roller 30b, and is fixed to the kiln car through the shaft 30c.
  • the kiln car travels within the kiln body by the movement of the rollers 30b on the guide rails 15e.
  • the kiln car can also choose to change the wheel 30 to a precision sliding pair, and through the sliding surface abutting the supporting surface (which can be the surface of the track 15 ), the kiln car can move forward by pushing and sliding.
  • the kiln car can be a rack without wheels or sliding pairs.
  • the movement of the kiln car in the furnace is driven by a chain-type transmission mechanism, that is, the kiln car is placed on the chain transmission mechanism, and then dragged by the chain.
  • the first gas replacement chamber 24 may be an airtight structure formed by welding a steel structure frame and a sheet metal prefabricated part.
  • the steel structure frame (which can be configured with reinforcing ribs) is located on the outside, and the prefabricated (laser cutting and bending) sheet metal parts are attached inside the steel structure frame.
  • the steel structure frame mainly plays the role of strengthening and supporting the refractory materials in the furnace and installing various components, and at the same time preventing stress deformation during transportation or stress deformation during use.
  • the first gas replacement chamber 24 may also have a metal cover plate (which may be a sheet metal part), which is welded and fixed with the steel structure, thereby forming a chamber structure with a first inlet 5a and a first outlet 9a.
  • the first gas replacement chamber 24 (or referred to as the inlet gas replacement chamber) is connected to the kiln head end of the kiln body 4 . Since the first gas replacement chamber 24 has a first inlet 5a and a first outlet 9a, the first gas replacement chamber 24 is connected to one end of the kiln body 4 through its first outlet 9a. In the embodiment, the first outlet 9a of the first gas replacement chamber 24 is connected to the kiln head end of the kiln body through a gate (which can be selectively opened and closed as required). The gate can ensure that the gas is communicated or isolated between the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the kiln body 4 under different working conditions.
  • a gate can also be provided at the first inlet 5a of the first gas replacement chamber 24, so that an independent closed chamber can be formed through the gates of the first inlet 5a and the first outlet 9a for gas replacement.
  • the gate therein is connected to the metal cover plate of the first gas replacement chamber 24 .
  • the first gas replacement chamber 24 is surrounded by an airtight casing, and gates are provided at both ends of the casing, so as to connect the first inlet 5a of the first gas replacement chamber to the airtight casing.
  • the first outlet 9a can be selectively closed.
  • the gate of the first gas replacement chamber 24 connected to the metal cover plate and the gate of the airtight casing may also share the gate, thereby selectively opening or closing the first inlet 5a and the first outlet 9a.
  • the first gas replacement chamber 24 may not be provided with a metal cover plate, but use an airtight casing as a component similar in function to the metal cover plate, and then connect the gate to the airtight casing.
  • the gates at both ends of the first gas replacement chamber 24 can be provided with clamping devices.
  • the respective sealing surfaces of the doors on both sides of the first gas replacement chamber 24 are provided outside the replacement chamber cavity. In this way, after the gate is dropped, it is locked by the clamping device. In this way, when the first gas replacement chamber 24 is evacuated, the sealing strip 109 (refer to FIG. 6 ) on the vacuum suction door will be tightly adsorbed on the sealing surface. On the other hand, the airtightness of the gate can be further ensured.
  • the first gas replacement chamber 24 may be replaced with gas by means of air purging.
  • a vacuum system/vacuum device can be selected to be connected to the first gas replacement chamber 24 .
  • the first gas replacement chamber 24 includes the first transfer mechanism 12 and the first drive mechanism as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the first drive mechanism is configured to drive the kiln car for transferring the kiln car.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 is independent of the track 15 in the kiln body 4 .
  • the rails 15 are arranged in the kiln body 4 without extending out of the kiln body 4 .
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 is independent of the tunnel of the kiln body 4 and can cooperate with it by movement, such as docking or moving away.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 can move in the first gas replacement chamber 24 , so as to facilitate the entry of the kiln car into the first gas replacement chamber 24 from outside the tunnel kiln, and also facilitate subsequent entry into the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • the length of the first gas replacement chamber 24 in the direction from the kiln head to the kiln tail of the kiln body 4
  • the solution that the first transfer mechanism 12 can move can significantly improve the material conveying efficiency in the tunnel kiln.
  • the length of the first gas replacement chamber can be set to accommodate one kiln car; optionally, its length can also be increased to accommodate multiple kiln cars at the same time.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 can be configured to cooperate with the kiln car so that the kiln car can be fixed or moved thereon.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 can serve as a transport device for the kiln car.
  • the kiln car is transported from the first gas exchange chamber 24 to its connection with the kiln body 4, and the kiln car can then enter the tunnel of the kiln body 4 through the gate in the open state.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 can be docked with the kiln car track outside the tunnel kiln with a small gap, so as to more conveniently transfer the kiln car outside the kiln to the first gas replacement. in room 24.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 can also be docked with the rail 15 in the kiln body 4 with a small gap, so the kiln car can also be transferred from the first gas replacement chamber 24 to the kiln body 4 more smoothly and smoothly on track 15.
  • the kiln car can be efficiently moved between the outside of the kiln, the first gas replacement chamber and the kiln body 4 .
  • Smooth transportation avoid the interrupted track from jamming the kiln car wheel 30 or causing the kiln car to bump, thereby helping to improve the conveying efficiency, reducing the shaking of the sagger loaded with materials, preventing the material from being spilled, and avoiding the saggar.
  • the bowl tilted against the inner wall of the tunnel.
  • the kiln car is a device that can load work objects, and it is configured to be able to move in each device, which contributes to improving the flexibility and convenience of operation.
  • the kiln car itself can be driven without power and rely on external drive to move, or it can carry its own power device and can move on its own.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 may be a pair of rails, which are separated from the rails 15 in the kiln body 4 .
  • the lower part of each track has a rack.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 can also be replaced by other structures other than the rack and pinion, such as a ball screw or other moving pairs.
  • the movement of the entire track rack assembly is driven by the lower gear. Driven by the gears, the entire track can move back and forth in the first gas replacement chamber 24, so as to be docked with the track 15 in the kiln body 4 or the track outside the kiln outside the first gas replacement chamber 24 (outside the first inlet 5a).
  • the gap between the rear tracks is very small, which does not affect the stable operation of the kiln car when it passes through.
  • the gear drives the first transfer mechanism 12 and the first gas replacement chamber
  • the rails outside the kiln outside 24 are butted with the rails 15 in the tunnel entrance of the kiln body 4 .
  • the kiln car can smoothly enter the first transfer mechanism 12 in the first gas replacement chamber 24 from the track outside the kiln or from the first transfer mechanism 12 in the first gas replacement chamber 24 On the inner track 15 of the tunnel entrance into the kiln body 4 .
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 can be driven by the gear and controlled by the sensor to return to the designated position, so as to allow the space required for the airtight gate of the first inlet 5a to fall, so as to achieve airtight.
  • the support structure of the rack of the first transfer mechanism 12 can be selected not to be provided on the driving gear, but to be supported by another sliding pair with a smooth surface. With such a support structure, sufficient strength can be provided to carry and move the heavy kiln car.
  • the sliding support pair can be a V-shaped groove, a U-shaped groove or any other form, and can be optionally installed on a steel structure connected to the kiln body 4 .
  • Steel structures can be welded from profiles that are strong enough to support horizontal movement from left to right while supporting gravity in the vertical direction.
  • the driving gear of the first moving mechanism may be provided with a driving force by a motor and a driving shaft installed outside the first gas replacement chamber 24 .
  • the drive shaft and the casing of the first gas replacement chamber 24 are sealed by means of a seal to prevent the gas outside the gas replacement chamber from entering the gas replacement chamber through the gap.
  • the transfer mechanism may include a drive motor, a drive shaft.
  • the drive shaft is provided with a drive gear.
  • the transfer mechanism further includes moving the sub-frame and the main carrying frame.
  • the moving sub-frame includes a rack at the bottom (configured to move left and right by receiving power from a drive gear).
  • the main bearing bracket is welded by reinforced profiles, and a guide rail is installed on the upper part (configured to carry a kiln car, and its material is the same as the track in the tunnel or outside the tunnel kiln).
  • a sliding pair is installed on the lower part of the main bearing bracket. A part of the sliding pair is connected with the reinforced shell of the gas replacement chamber and configured to support the weight of the kiln car, and the other part of the sliding pair is connected with the main bearing bracket.
  • a damper can be installed on the inner walls of the first gas replacement chamber 24 on both sides of the kiln car.
  • Agency 52 When the kiln car enters the first transfer mechanism 12 in the first gas replacement chamber 24 , the side of the kiln car will contact the damping mechanism 52 , thereby pressing the damping mechanism 52 to decelerate the kiln car until it is stationary.
  • the damping mechanism 52 may be a damping plate mounted on the inner wall.
  • the damping mechanism 52 can not only play the role of deceleration, but also play the role of preventing the kiln car from tipping and tilting, so as to ensure the smooth movement of the kiln car.
  • the damping mechanism 52 can correct and control the attitude and speed of the kiln car, and improve the stability of the movement of the kiln car.
  • the above content describes the structure of the first transfer mechanism 12 , and the structure of the first drive mechanism that cooperates with the first transfer mechanism 12 is described in detail below.
  • the first driving mechanism may be a hydraulic push rod or other forms of propulsion mechanism.
  • the first driving mechanism can be implemented using a combination of a first drag chain 13 (configured with a motor to drive the drag chain) and a hydraulic pusher 14 (configured with a hydraulic station, hydraulic cylinder and pusher), as shown in Figures 1 and 1 3 shown.
  • the first towline 13 is driven by a motor, the motor is connected with the first towline 13 through a shaft, and the first towline 13 and the sprocket are installed in a casing and meshed. When the motor drives the shaft, the sprocket will also drive the first drag chain 13 forward or backward.
  • the head of the first towline 13 is provided with a movable hook for hooking the protruding block at the bottom of the kiln car.
  • the motor first rotates in one direction to drive the first towline 13 to move.
  • the protruding blocks at the bottom of the kiln car are engaged, and then the motor is reversed, and the drag chain drags the kiln car onto the track 15 or the transfer mechanism.
  • the first drag chain 13 may be a chain bent at 90° or 180°. Once flat or bent, the chain is fairly rigid and can carry or push heavy loads.
  • the drag chain structure also has the following advantages: Since the installation size of the drag chain is only half of the full stroke, the area occupied by the drag chain will be much smaller than that of hydraulic push rods and other forms of propulsion mechanisms, and it is suitable for installation in narrow spaces. space. Moreover, the drag chain can work freely in the environment of not higher than 500 °C without lubrication, so it has high environmental adaptability.
  • the first gas replacement chamber 24 can also be provided with a preheating device based on the needs of use. This is based on the consideration that the material may release water vapor during the heating stage in the kiln body 4 . Therefore, when the gate of the first gas replacement chamber 24 (located at the connection between the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the kiln body 4) is opened, the hot gas in the kiln body 4 and the cold gas in the first gas replacement chamber 24 meet, cause condensation of water vapor. The condensed water vapor will be deposited on the inner surface of the first gas replacement chamber 24, so that it is easy to drip into the topmost saggar stacked on the kiln car and enter the material.
  • water vapor condenses on the surface of the first drive mechanism, resulting in accelerated corrosion of metal parts. Therefore, the water vapor can be prevented from condensing by the preheating device, and at the same time, the sagger and the material can be heated in advance to play a preheating role.
  • the preheating device is configured as a heat preservation plate 11 a with a heating function installed inside the cavity of the first gas replacement chamber 24 .
  • the temperature in the first gas replacement chamber 24 can be increased to about 90° C. by using the insulation board 11a, and the temperature of the outer wall plate of the first gas replacement chamber 24 can be maintained at room temperature to avoid thermal damage to other components.
  • the thermal insulation board 11a can be selected from commercially available products, and the heating function is realized by pre-embedding the heating tape in the thermal insulation board 11a.
  • the second gas replacement chamber 25 (or the outlet gas replacement chamber) is connected to the kiln rear end of the kiln body 4 .
  • the first gas replacement chamber and the second gas replacement chamber are located at both ends of the kiln body, respectively.
  • the second gas replacement chamber 25 in the embodiment has a second inlet 7a and a second outlet 10a. Therefore, the second gas replacement chamber 25 is connected to the kiln end of the kiln body 4 through the second inlet 7a.
  • a shutter is arranged between the second gas replacement chamber 25 and the kiln body 4 for airtight connection and gas communication.
  • the second outlet 10a of the second gas replacement chamber 25 is also provided with a corresponding gate, so that an independent closed chamber is formed through the gate of the second inlet 7a and the second outlet 10a for gas replacement.
  • the second gas replacement chamber 25 is surrounded by an airtight casing, and gates are provided at both ends of the casing, so that the second inlet 7a and the second outlet 10a of the second gas replacement chamber 25 can be selectively closed.
  • the two gas replacement chambers 24 and 25 can facilitate the transportation of calcined materials into the kiln body 4, so as to avoid the introduction of gas outside the tunnel kiln during the transportation of materials.
  • the tracks in the gas replacement chambers 24, 25 and the kiln body 4 can be independent, so that the airtight gate can be conveniently set, and the material can be smoothly and smoothly replaced by the gas.
  • the transfer between the chambers 24, 25 and the kiln body 4 can also ensure air tightness and avoid the introduction of gas outside the tunnel kiln, thereby allowing continuous and efficient production of the tunnel kiln.
  • the second gas replacement chamber 25 and the second transfer mechanism 12a therein and the second drive mechanism configured to drive the kiln car may be the same as or different from the first gas replacement chamber 24, or may be suitably modified.
  • the second driving mechanism in the second gas replacement chamber 25 may be improved.
  • the second driving mechanism may be composed of two drag chains (respectively the second front drag chains 22 and the second rear drag chains 23 ) installed in opposite directions.
  • the kiln car can be transported in the following manner.
  • the kiln car can be transported by way of jacking.
  • the kiln car After entering the first gas replacement chamber 24 from outside the kiln, the kiln car is transported into the kiln body 4 by the cooperation of the first transfer mechanism 12 and the first driving mechanism.
  • the subsequent kiln cars outside the tunnel kiln can also be transported in this way, so that the following kiln cars will push the preceding kiln cars to move on the track of the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • the forward movement of the kiln cars in the tunnel kiln (the direction from the kiln head to the kiln tail) can be achieved by the continuous entry of the kiln cars in the first gas replacement chamber 24 to push/pull each other.
  • the transfer operation can be performed by the second transfer mechanism 12a and the second driving mechanism cooperated with the above-mentioned two opposite drag chains.
  • the equipment corresponding to the preheating device provided in the first gas replacement chamber 24 may be a cooling device provided in the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the equipment corresponding to the preheating device provided in the first gas replacement chamber 24 may be a cooling device provided in the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the reason for setting up the cooling unit is because:
  • the raw material is calcined in the kiln body 4, so it has a relatively high temperature, and taking it directly to the outside may cause a problem of sudden temperature drop. Based on this, before the material is moved out of the tunnel kiln, relatively more thorough cooling is carried out through the second gas replacement chamber 25, so as to reduce the calcined material with residual heat coming out of the kiln body, thereby helping to reduce the need for subsequent processing procedures. thermal damage to the equipment.
  • the follow-up processing of the material can be carried out faster by cooling (no additional cooling in other equipment is needed, which often leads to other problems, such as equipment damage, trouble in loading, etc.), thereby ensuring production efficiency.
  • it can be selectively (position, number and attitude, etc.) configured, so that the kiln car can achieve a gradient cooling in the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the cooling device may consist of a gas conduit 110 and an injector 110a (not shown) as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the gas conduit 110 is inserted into the second gas displacement chamber 25, and the inserted portion is provided with air holes facing the kiln car therein so as to be configured to spray cooling gas to the sagger to accelerate material cooling.
  • the injector 110a can inject cooling gas into the second gas replacement chamber 25 through the gas pipeline 110, so as to cool the kiln car and the calcined material therein.
  • the cooling gas may be a process gas at room temperature (eg dry air, oxygen or nitrogen, etc.).
  • gates are respectively set in four areas, which are the connection between the first inlet 5a and the first outlet 9a of the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the kiln body 4, and the second gas replacement chamber 25.
  • the first front gate 5 , the first rear gate 7 , the second front gate 9 and the second rear gate 10 are distinguished.
  • the first front gate 5 can be connected with the air-tight casing surrounding the first gas replacement chamber 24 .
  • the second rear gate 10 may also be connected with the air-tight casing surrounding the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the first rear gate 7 can be connected with the airtight casing surrounding the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the airtight casing surrounding the kiln body 4 .
  • the second front gate 9 can be connected to the airtight casing surrounding the kiln body 4 and the airtight casing surrounding the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the first front gate 5 and the second rear gate 10 can be selectively arranged on the inner surface of the gas replacement chamber, so that when the two gas replacement chambers are evacuated, the two airtight gates will squeeze the sealing device , thereby enhancing the air tightness of the gas replacement chamber.
  • the gate As for the specific structure of the gate, a commercially available product can be used, so this application will not describe it in detail.
  • the structures of the gates in the above-mentioned places may be the same or different, which are not particularly limited in the present application.
  • the two gas replacement chambers and the kiln body 4 are airtightly protected, that is, the airtight shell is provided to enclose the kiln body 4, the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the second gas replacement chamber 4.
  • Two gas replacement chambers 25 are provided to enclose the kiln body 4, the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the second gas replacement chamber 4.
  • the gas-tight housing can be constructed of steel, for example, welded from a steel frame and sheet metal prefabricated parts.
  • the steel frame and stiffeners are located outside the sheet metal shell. After the prefabricated sheet metal parts are attached to the exact position of the steel structure frame, the sheet metal parts and the steel structure frame are welded together.
  • the welding seam of the sheet metal parts itself is fully welded inside and outside, and the coloring inspection is used to confirm whether there are any welding pores or welding defects in the welding seam, so as to ensure that the atmosphere in the furnace does not leak.
  • Such a structure is also applicable to the production of the airtight casings of the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the gas-tight casing may be a continuous structure so as to enclose the kiln body 4, the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the second gas replacement chamber 25 together inside.
  • a gas-tight enclosure can be used as a supplementary component to the sealing function (relative to the gas displacement chamber already constructed from sheet metal).
  • the two ends of the airtight casing are respectively connected with gates.
  • the airtight casing can also be selected as a separate structure. Therefore, the airtight casing surrounds the kiln body 4, the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the second gas replacement chamber 25 independently.
  • the shell corresponding to the first gas replacement chamber 24 is the first shell 26
  • the shell corresponding to the kiln body 4 is the third shell 28
  • the shell corresponding to the second gas replacement chamber 25 is the second shell 27 .
  • the airtight casing is set as a split structure, which can reserve sufficient operating space for the gates between the first gas replacement chamber 24 and the kiln body 4 and the second gas replacement chamber 25 and the kiln body 4, so as to reduce the pressure of this part.
  • the structural complexity, installation and operation difficulty of the required gate and may also bring design advantages to the size of the airtight enclosure to a certain extent.
  • the hermetic enclosure may be manufactured and machined in several segments.
  • the length of each segment is several meters.
  • Each segment has a box structure.
  • the entire airtight shell can be assembled from multiple boxes front and back.
  • the splices between the segments are connected by the front and rear flanges, and the gaskets are installed between the flanges.
  • the tunnel kiln proposed in the embodiments of the present application can achieve better air tightness, and at the same time, it can also ensure the smooth progress of heat treatment or thermochemical treatment operations, thereby realizing efficient and high-quality production.
  • the tunnel kiln can be used as a completely airtight wheel-rail type tunnel kiln, which can realize the smooth operation of the kiln car when it enters the kiln body 4 from the kiln head and moves out of the kiln body 4 from the kiln end, and can be used in the kiln.
  • Special thermal or thermochemical process atmospheres can be used in vivo.
  • Figure 1 shows the state of the kiln car in different positions during the conveying process. Among them, they are respectively recorded as kiln car 1a, kiln car 1b, kiln car 1c and kiln car 1d.
  • the kiln car enters the first gas replacement chamber 24
  • the first rear shutter 7 When the first rear shutter 7 is closed, the first front shutter 5 is opened. Then, the first transfer mechanism 12 in the first gas replacement chamber 24 is activated to move in the direction of the first front shutter 5 of the first gas replacement chamber 24, and the first transfer mechanism 12 outside the first inlet 5a of the first gas replacement chamber 24 is moved. Tracks (not shown) dock. Subsequently, the first drive mechanism (mainly referred to as the first drag chain) moves the kiln car 1a outside the first inlet 5a to the first transfer mechanism 12 . Then, the first drag chain in the first transfer mechanism 12 and the first driving mechanism retreats to the designated position, and then the first front gate 5 is closed.
  • the first drive mechanism mainly referred to as the first drag chain
  • the gas in the first gas replacement chamber 24 is replaced with the atmosphere in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • the kiln car enters the tunnel of kiln body 4
  • the first front gate 5 is closed, the first rear gate 7 is opened, the first transfer mechanism 12 is activated, and moves toward the first rear gate 7 until it is docked with the rail 15 at the kiln head of the kiln body 4 .
  • the hydraulic propeller in the first driving mechanism pushes the kiln car to the track 15 of the kiln head, so as to enter the kiln body 4, so as to be in the state of the kiln car 1b, and further, the kiln car can be continuously fed into the kiln car. In the state of the kiln car 1c.
  • the hydraulic propeller in the first drive mechanism and the first transfer mechanism 12 retreat to the designated position, and then the first rear gate 7 is closed.
  • the atmosphere in the second gas replacement chamber 25 is replaced with the atmosphere in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • the second front gate 9 When the second rear gate 10 is in the closed state, the second front gate 9 is opened, the second transfer mechanism 12a located in the second gas replacement chamber 25 is activated, and moves in the direction of the second front gate 9 until it reaches the kiln with the kiln body 4 .
  • the track 15 at the tail is butted.
  • the second drive mechanism (second front drag chain 22 ) in the second gas replacement chamber 25 moves the kiln car on the track 15 at the kiln end of the kiln body 4 to the second transfer mechanism 12a, thereby entering the second gas
  • the inside is replaced, and the state of the kiln car 1d is obtained.
  • the second transfer mechanism 12a and the second drive mechanism are retracted to the designated positions, and then the second front shutter 9 is closed.
  • the second rear gate 10 When the second front gate 9 is closed, the second rear gate 10 is opened, and the second transfer mechanism 12a in the second gas replacement chamber 25 is activated and moves toward the second rear gate 10 until it is connected with the second gas replacement chamber. 25 outside the kiln track (not shown) butt joint. Then, the second drive mechanism (the second rear drag chain 23 ) moves the kiln car from the second transfer mechanism 12 a to the rail outside the kiln outside the second gas replacement chamber 25 . Then, the second turning mechanism and the second driving mechanism are returned to the initial positions, and then the second rear gate 10 is closed.
  • the kiln car waits on the track outside the kiln outside the first gas exchange chamber 24 .
  • the track outside the kiln is matched with the tunnel kiln in order to facilitate the transportation of the kiln car. Or, according to the difference of the kiln car, the track outside the kiln may not be provided.
  • the first front gate 5 of the first gas replacement chamber 24 is opened (while the first rear gate 7 is kept closed), and the track of the first transfer mechanism 12 is driven by the gear to connect with the outer track of the kiln outside the first gas replacement chamber 24 .
  • the first drag chain 13 in the first gas replacement chamber 24 stretches out, drags the kiln car outside the kiln into the track of the first gas replacement chamber 24 and stops at the designated position under the control of the sensor. When the track outside the kiln is not set, the kiln car can be pushed or "run" into the first gas replacement chamber by itself.
  • the first front gate 5 is closed and locked. Then the first three-way vacuum valve 20 is opened, the first vacuum pump 6 removes the air in the first gas replacement chamber 24, and at the same time firmly sucks the first front gate 5 and the first rear gate 7, and then the first The three-way vacuum valve 20 closes the valve connected to the vacuum pump, and opens the other end to introduce a gas or inactive gas (eg nitrogen, etc.) that is the same or similar to the atmosphere in the furnace to charge and purge the replacement chamber.
  • a gas or inactive gas eg nitrogen, etc.
  • the first three-way vacuum valve 20 does the opposite action, and the vacuum pump starts again to evacuate the replacement chamber again.
  • the atmosphere in the tunnel is the same.
  • the first rear gate 7 is opened (while the first front gate 5 remains closed).
  • the first front shutter 5 and the first rear shutter 7 of the first gas replacement chamber 24 have interlock protection, so as to ensure that the inner and outer shutters will not be opened at the same time.
  • the track of the first transfer mechanism 12 is driven by the gear to abut with the track 15 in the kiln head of the kiln body 4 .
  • the first drag chain 13 pushes the kiln car to a position close to the kiln car in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • the collision head 29 of the kiln car is located above the hydraulic propeller 14 , the first drag chain 13 is retracted and the kiln car is pushed by the servo-controlled hydraulic propeller 14 .
  • the kiln car When there is no kiln car in the kiln body, the kiln car is pushed into the kiln body by the hydraulic propeller 14 . At the same time, the hydraulic propeller 14 stops and returns to the original position.
  • the kiln car when a kiln car already exists in the kiln body, the kiln car is pushed into the kiln body by the hydraulic propeller 14, and contacts the existing kiln car in the tunnel of the kiln body 4, and pushes the existing kiln car, The newly entered kiln car will reach the position of the original kiln car. At the same time, the hydraulic propeller 14 stops and returns to the original position.
  • the kiln car moves to the position of the previous kiln car.
  • the first transfer mechanism 12 also retreats, and the first rear gate 7 falls down and locks after all the positions are in place.
  • the first gas displacement chamber 24 enters an idle state, ready for the entry of the next kiln car.
  • both the second front gate 9 and the second rear gate 10 are in a closed state.
  • the atmosphere inside the second gas replacement chamber 25 has been replaced to be the same as the atmosphere inside the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • the first rear gate 7 is opened, and the kiln car is ready to enter the kiln head of the kiln body 4, the second front gate 9 of the second gas replacement chamber 25 is also opened at the same time ( The second rear gate 10 remains closed).
  • the track of the second transfer mechanism 12a in the second gas replacement chamber 25 is driven by the gear to abut with the track 15 in the kiln tail of the kiln body 4 .
  • the second front drag chain 22 is started, and arrives at the designated position to wait for the kiln car to be in place.
  • the propeller of the first gas replacement chamber 24 pushes the kiln car to the position of the previous kiln car
  • the last kiln car in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 is also pushed out by the rear kiln car on the track and passes through The second front shutter 9 of the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the second front drag chain 22 is activated to drag the kiln car into the track of the second transfer mechanism 12 a of the second gas replacement chamber 25 . After the sensor determines that the kiln car stops to the designated position, the second transfer mechanism 12a and the second front drag chain 22 return to their positions, and then the second front gate 9 is closed and locked.
  • the second front gate 9 After the second front gate 9 is closed, the kiln car is in place.
  • the second rear gate 10 of the second gas replacement chamber 25 is opened, and the track of the second transfer mechanism 12a in the second gas replacement chamber 25 is driven by the gear to connect with the track outside the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the second trailing chain 23 drives the kiln car from the track of the second transfer mechanism 12a to the track outside the kiln outside the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the second transfer mechanism 12a and the second rear drag chain 23 return to their positions, and then the second rear gate 10 is closed and locked.
  • the second gas replacement chamber 25 is purged according to the same procedure as above, and the atmosphere in the second gas replacement chamber 25 is changed to be consistent with the atmosphere in the kiln body 4, so as to prepare for the next same work flow.
  • the door of the second three-way vacuum valve 21 is opened, and the air is pumped through the second vacuum pump 8 .
  • the movement mode of the kiln car has been described above.
  • the operation and use mode of the tunnel kiln can be referred to as follows.
  • the temperature of each section in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 is raised to the predetermined temperature in the process, and then the required process gas is introduced and the flow rate is adjusted.
  • the kiln car loaded with the saggar (the work object is carried in the saggar) is sequentially entered into the first transfer mechanism 12 in the first gas replacement chamber of the tunnel kiln.
  • the kiln car is pushed into the inner track of the kiln body 4 by the first drive mechanism of the first gas replacement chamber.
  • the kiln car entering from the back will press tightly against the front kiln car on the track, pushing the front kiln car forward until the entire tunnel is filled with the kiln car.
  • the kiln car at the end of the kiln is dragged by the second drive mechanism in the second gas replacement chamber 25 onto the second transfer mechanism 12a in the second gas replacement chamber. Then it is pushed out from the second gas replacement chamber and enters the post-process processing area.
  • the kiln car in the first gas replacement chamber enters the kiln head and pushes the kiln car queue to move forward.
  • the kiln car at the kiln end first enters the second gas replacement chamber 25, and the kiln car at the kiln head enters the first gas replacement chamber.
  • the material to be calcined will pass through different temperature zones in the tunnel to complete the calcination process.
  • two kiln cars at the kiln head and the kiln tail of the kiln body 4 enter and exit the tunnel of the kiln body at the same time.
  • each kiln car is pushed into the kiln body 4, it will stop for a period of time before the next kiln car is pushed into the kiln.
  • the kiln car queue in the tunnel kiln moves forward. The pause time is determined by the effective length of the kiln, the setting of the temperature zone and the process requirements.
  • a tunnel kiln can be used to calcine a positive electrode material such as a lithium ion battery, so as to meet the requirement of introducing and maintaining a special atmosphere during calcination.
  • the tunnel kiln can also be configured for the production of other products, such as powder metallurgy, alloy processing, and sintering of ceramic materials.
  • the embodiment provides a conveying method implemented by using the above-mentioned tunnel kiln.
  • the calcination method includes the following steps.
  • Step S101 Provide a working environment in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 when the first outlet 9a and the second inlet 7a are closed.
  • a working environment can be provided in the tunnel.
  • the working environment varies according to the different ways of using the tunnel kiln.
  • the operating environment is, for example, the calcination atmosphere/process atmosphere 18 (as shown in FIG. 1 ), the calcination temperature, and the like.
  • Step S102 Transfer the carrier outside the tunnel kiln from the opened first inlet 5a to the first transfer mechanism 12, and transfer it to the first selected position in the first gas replacement chamber 24 through the first drive mechanism, wherein, The vehicle is loaded with the work object.
  • the kiln car is loaded with a stack of saggars 2 configured to contain work objects such as battery materials or inorganic material powders or products.
  • the carrier can be a kiln car or other type of transport device suitable for existing tunnel kilns.
  • the carrier can have different implementations.
  • the specific implementation of the carrier needs to be adjusted according to the structure of the track in the tunnel kiln for the carrier to "walk", which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the track outside the kiln can usually be used. That is, the carrier outside the tunnel kiln can be transported into the first gas replacement chamber 24 through the track outside the kiln. Specifically, the first drive mechanism transfers the carrier outside the tunnel kiln to the first transfer mechanism 12 in the first gas replacement chamber 24. The first transfer mechanism 12 moves together with the carrier.
  • Step S103 Close the first inlet 5a to replace the atmosphere in the first gas replacement chamber 24, and then open the first outlet 9a to transfer the carrier to the second selected position of the tunnel of the kiln body 4 through the first outlet 9a.
  • the carrier moves into the first gas replacement chamber 24 , it will be subsequently transferred into the tunnel of the kiln body 4 . Therefore, by replacing the gas in the first gas replacement chamber 24 with a desired atmosphere, the introduction of undesired gas into the tunnel of the kiln body 4 through the first gas replacement chamber 24 can be avoided.
  • the gates at both ends of the first gas replacement chamber 24 are closed, so that the first inlet 5a and the first outlet 9a are closed, and the inside of the first gas replacement chamber 24 is closed.
  • the atmosphere in the first gas replacement chamber 24 can be replaced by a vacuum system or other gas extraction and gas injection equipment to be the same as the atmosphere in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • the carrier After the atmosphere in the first gas replacement chamber 24 is replaced, the carrier is driven into the tunnel of the kiln body 4 by the first driving mechanism.
  • the carrier in the tunnel can be pushed by the carrier which is subsequently driven from the first gas replacement chamber 24 and entered by the first driving mechanism, and moves in the tunnel.
  • the work object such as battery material
  • thermochemical treatment such as calcination
  • Step S104 When the second inlet and the second outlet are closed, the atmosphere in the second gas replacement chamber 25 is replaced, and then the carrier is transferred to the second transfer mechanism 12a from the opened second inlet and transferred together to a third selected position of the second gas displacement chamber 25 .
  • the work object on the carrier After the work object on the carrier is processed in the tunnel, it is transported to the second gas replacement chamber 25 .
  • the atmosphere in the second gas replacement chamber 25 In order to avoid the influence of the gas in the second gas replacement chamber 25 on the atmosphere in the tunnel, the atmosphere in the second gas replacement chamber 25 also needs to be replaced. In other words, the gas is displaced before the carrier is transferred. That is, the second inlet and the second outlet are closed, and then the atmosphere in the second gas replacement chamber 25 is replaced by the gas extraction and gas injection equipment of the second gas replacement chamber 25 to be the same as the atmosphere in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • Step S105 closing the second inlet, and transferring the carrier to the outside of the tunnel kiln through the opened second outlet.
  • the second inlet is closed to isolate the second gas replacement chamber 25 from the tunnel of the kiln body 4 . Therefore, the gas in the second gas replacement chamber 25 does not interfere with the gas in the tunnel of the kiln body 4 .
  • the carrier can be transferred out of the tunnel kiln.
  • the second transfer mechanism 12a is docked with the outer kiln rail outside the tunnel kiln, and then the second driving mechanism drives the carrier to the outer kiln rail.
  • the second outlet can then be closed.
  • the second gas replacement chamber 25 can also be replaced by gas, so that the carrier pushed out from the tunnel of the kiln body 4 can enter it, so as to prepare for the next same work flow.
  • the gas replacement in the first gas replacement chamber and the gas replacement in the second gas replacement chamber may be performed simultaneously in addition to the above-mentioned sequence of steps.
  • the gas in the second gas replacement chamber may be replaced simultaneously with the replacement of the gas in the first gas replacement chamber.
  • the gas in the second gas replacement chamber 25 can also be replaced synchronously.
  • the tunnel kiln and the conveying method of the present application can avoid the introduction of gas outside the tunnel kiln in the process of conveying materials, can conveniently set an air-tight gate, and ensure the smooth and smooth transfer of materials between the gas replacement chamber and the kiln body, At the same time, it can ensure air tightness and avoid the introduction of gas outside the tunnel kiln, thus allowing continuous and efficient production of the tunnel kiln.

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Abstract

一种隧道窑及输送方法，属于锂离子电池材料加工领域。隧道窑包括窑体(4)、第一气体置换室(24)、第二气体置换室(25)、闸门以及气密性外壳。第一气体置换室(24)通过窑体(4)与第二气体置换室(25)连接，两个气体置换室的入口、两者与窑体(4)的连接处均设置一个闸门。窑体(4)、闸门和两个气体置换室配合连接。该装置可以有效地控制外界气体的干扰，从而确保热处理或热化学处理作业的正常、有序进行。

Description

一种隧道窑及输送方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年12月1日提交中国专利局的申请号为2020113995761、名称为“一种隧道窑及输送方法”的中国专利申请以及于2020年12月1日提交中国专利局的申请号为202022854325X、名称为“一种隧道窑”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及锂离子电池材料加工领域，具体而言，涉及一种隧道窑及输送方法。
背景技术
目前，锂离子电池的正极活性材料的生产一般都会涉及到热处理或热化学处理，特别是高温煅烧的环节。因此，相关的生产企业一直在寻找提高正极材料的煅烧产能的新设备和新方法，以提高生产效率，降低正极材料的生产成本。
目前，实施高温煅烧的设备一般是连续式隧道窑。连续式隧道窑可以分为推板式、辊道式和轮轨式等不同的类型。其能够二十四小时连续生产，因此，与间歇式窑炉相比，其产能更大。
其中，推板式隧道窑由于推进方式的阻力大，所以有效加热长度偏短，因此产能提升的潜力有限；辊道式隧道窑对辊棒的机械强度、高温稳定性等要求较高，并且辊棒易在高温负载下变形，因而进一步增加产能的潜力也有限。而轮轨式隧道窑从根本上避开了这两者的缺陷，因此，轮轨式隧道窑具有更大的产能提升潜力。然而，对于需要严格控制高温煅烧气氛的正极材料，因为轮轨式隧道窑的气密性差，轮轨式隧道窑其外部的气体会干扰隧道窑内部的煅烧气氛，所以现有的轮轨式隧道窑不能有效地适用于正极材料的生产。
发明内容
为解决上述的轮轨式隧道窑的外部气体干扰内部气氛的问题，本申请提出了一种隧道窑及输送方法。
本申请是这样实现的：
本申请的实施例提供了一种隧道窑，其包括窑车、窑体、第一气体置换室、第二气体置换室、可选择启闭的闸门。
其中，窑体具有位于内部的隧道，且隧道设置有轨道。第一气体置换室具有第一入口 和第一出口。第一气体置换室通过第一出口与窑体的一端连接。第二气体置换室具有第二入口和第二出口。第二气体置换室通过第二入口与窑体的另一端连接。第一入口、第一出口、第二入口和第二出口均分别设置有闸门。窑车被构造为能够通过所述第一气体置换室、所述窑体以及所述第二气体置换室。
可选地，隧道窑包括气密性外壳，并且该气密性外壳包裹窑体、第一气体置换室和第二气体置换室。
可选地，所述气密性外壳通过钢结构框架和钣金预制部件焊接而成。
可选地，在第一气体置换室内具有独立并与轨道配合的第一转移机构以及配置成驱动窑车运动的第一驱动机构，在第二气体置换室内具有独立并与轨道配合的第二转移机构以及配置成驱动窑车运动的第二驱动机构。
可选地，窑体隧道的两端能够分别与第一转移机构和第二转移机构可分离地对接。
可选地，隧道窑包括窑车，窑车能够可选地在第一转移机构、第二转移机构和窑体轨道中的任一者运动。
可选地，第一气体置换室和第二气体置换室内分别设置有与窑车配合的阻尼机构。
可选地，第一气体置换室内具有预热装置。
可选地，第二气体置换室内具有冷却装置。
可选地，窑体的侧壁具有加热器。
可选地，窑体的侧壁具有注气口。
可选地，在所述窑体内设置有温度传感器。
可选地，第一气体置换室和第二气体置换室分别独立地配置真空装置。
可选地，在所述窑车的下部具有车轮，所述窑车通过所述车轮在轨道上进行滚动。
可选地，所述轨道为U型结构轨道或者为地坑轨道。
可选地，在所述窑车底部设置有一对导轨，在所述窑炉的底部安装有两列固定的滚轮组，通过所述导轨在所述滚轮组上的运动使所述窑车在所述窑体内行进。
本申请的实施例提供了一种输送方法，其通过上述的隧道窑实施。
输送方法包括：
在第一出口和第二入口处于关闭状态下，在窑体的隧道内提供作业环境；
将隧道窑之外的载具，从打开的第一入口，转移至第一气体置换室内的第一选定位置，其中，载具装载有作业对象；
关闭第一入口，置换第一气体置换室内的气氛，然后开启第一出口，将载具通过第一出口转移至窑体的隧道的第二选定位置；
在第二入口和第二出口处于关闭状态下，置换第二气体置换室内的气氛，然后从打开 的第二入口，将载具转移至第二气体置换室的第三选定位置；
关闭第二入口，通过打开的第二出口，将载具转移至隧道窑之外。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请实施例中的隧道窑的剖视结构示意图；
图2示出了图1的隧道窑中的窑体的结构示意图；
图3示出了图1的隧道窑的第一驱动机构中的第一拖链的结构示意图；
图4示出了图1的隧道窑的第一转移机构的结构示意图；
图5示出了图1的第二气体置换室中的气体管道布局的结构示意图；
图6示出了图1的隧道窑中的气体置换室的密封条的布置位置的示意图；
图7A示出了图1的隧道窑中的轨道的结构示意图；
图7B示出了图1的隧道窑中的地坑轨道的结构示意图；
图7C示出了图1的隧道窑中的导轨和滚轮组的结构示意图；
图7D示出了图1的隧道窑中的轨道和滚球的结构示意图；
图7E示出了图1的隧道窑中的导轨和滚柱的结构示意图。
附图标记：1a-窑车；1b-窑车；1c-窑车；1d-窑车；2-匣钵堆垛；4-窑体；5-第一前闸门；5a-第一入口；6-第一抽真空泵；7-第一后闸门；7a-第二入口；8-第二抽真空泵；9-第二前闸门；9a-第一出口；10-第二后闸门；10a-第二出口；11-加热器；11a-保温板；12-第一转移机构；12a-第二转移机构；13-第一拖链；14-液压推进器；15-轨道；15a-窑车底部导轨；15b-窑车底部导轨；15c-窑炉底部导轨；15d-窑车底部导轨；15e-窑炉底部导轨；16-炉顶；18-工艺气氛；20-第一三通真空阀；21-第二三通真空阀；22-第二前拖链；23-第二后拖链；24-第一气体置换室；25-第二气体置换室；26-第一外壳；27-第二外壳；28-第三外壳；29-撞头；30-车轮；30a-滚球；30b-滚柱；30c-轴；31-滚轮组；32-注气口；42-U型结构轨道；52-阻尼机构；109-密封条；110-气体管道；110a-注射器；171-炉墙；172-炉墙。
具体实施方式
针对于现有的轮轨式隧道窑的缺陷，在本申请中，发明人提出了一种新型的轮轨式隧道窑，以改善现有轮轨式隧道窑气密性差的问题。利用本申请中所提出的轮轨式隧道窑， 能够在不受窑炉外部气体干扰下进行热处理或者热化学处理作业，实现高品质、大批量的产品加工，从而能够高效、高质量地生产锂离子电池的正极材料。
在实施例中，如图1所示，隧道窑包括窑体4、两个气体置换室(分别是第一气体置换室24和第二气体置换室25)、闸门。
窑体4
其中，窑体4是材料热处理或者热化学处理的主要作业部位，并提供反应场所。窑体4具有隧道，配置成作为材料热处理或者热化学处理的作业空间。如图2所示，一般地，窑体4可以由炉顶16和炉墙(分别为炉墙171和炉墙172)共同构成。并且基于加工等需要，可以选择在炉顶16、炉墙171、炉墙172设置后述的如加热、注气、抽气、测温设备等不同的设备。
窑体具有位于其内部的隧道，该隧道并未延伸至窑体之外。窑体4的隧道通常具有从进入口到排出口的升温区、保温区以及冷却区，配置成对加工的对象进行不同的热处理。另外，窑体4还具有窑头和窑尾。因此，待煅烧的物料可以从窑头，由进入口进到隧道中，并依次通过升温区、保温区以及冷却区(实施例中，在各个区停留的时间可以根据需要进行控制)，然后再从排出口离开窑尾。
除上述结构之外，针对不同的热处理或热化学处理的要求(如煅烧，可以要求特定的煅烧温度、煅烧气氛等)，可以适应性地对窑体4进行结构调整或改造，以满足特定的需求。
例如，对于煅烧温度的需要，窑体4可以对应设置加热装置，以提供煅烧所需的高温条件。因此，实施例中，可以在窑体4的侧面附近垂直(相对于隧道从进入口至排出口的方向)地设置电加热器11(当然也可以直接使用带热辐射管的燃烧加热的方式，相应地可以具有烧嘴等部件)。电加热器11的数量可以根据隧道长度、断面尺寸等条件进行选择性设置。并且，一般地可以优选设置在升温区、保温区和间接降温区。
例如，对于煅烧气氛的需要，可以选择在窑体4的侧壁通过注气口32进行加注，以便根据工艺需要注入不同类型、浓度等要求的工艺气体。
另外，为了更精确和适时地控制窑体4的隧道内的煅烧温度、煅烧气氛，还可以在窑体4内设置温度传感器、气体传感器，以便对所需要监控的隧道区段进行温度监控和气氛监测。相应地，也可以根据监测到的数据对加热装置和注气装置适应性地进行操作。例如，若隧道温度低于设置要求，则需要提高加热装置的加热温度，若隧道内的气氛的浓度不够，则需要提高注入装置的注入速度等。需要说明的是，当煅烧需要的气氛例如是非氧化气氛时，则需要使隧道内处在真空状态或者是非活性气体气氛，那么，也可以通过上述的注入口进行抽气，以进行气体置换或排空气体。或者，窑体4独立地配置注入口和抽气口，以便注入和抽气可以独立地根据需要选择性地进行作业。
为了便于在窑体4的隧道内输运作业对象，可以在隧道底部铺设轨道15(如热轧轻轨或是其他可以配置成支撑窑车重量的型材)。该轨道15的两端分别终止于窑体4的进入口和排出口。换言之，轨道15并未延伸到窑体4之外。轨道15可以作为窑车的行走轨道。
其中的窑车是作为在各个气体置换室、窑体4的隧道内输运作业对象的设备。因此，实施例中，在隧道窑内可以配置窑车，以便承载堆叠的匣钵，并利用匣钵盛放煅烧物料。
窑车的运动方式可以是以位于车身下部的车轮30在轨道(窑体4和两个气体置换室内均分别独立地设置)上进行滚动实现。
如图7A所示，其中的车轮30还可以设置于窑车的两侧，相应地，轨道也可以设置在窑车两侧；并且在实施例中，窑车的车轮30可以嵌入到U型结构的轨道42中。或者，如图7B所示，将轨道设置为地坑轨道结构，窑车沿着该地坑轨道运动。例如轨道架设在一个预先浇筑好的混凝土地坑中，然后将窑体4架设于混凝土面上然后将窑体4与混凝土面进行密封。
或者，如图7C所示，在窑车底部设置一对导轨15a，在窑炉的底部安装两列固定的滚轮组31，通过导轨15a在滚轮组30上的运动使窑车在窑体内行进。
或者，如图7D所示，窑车底部设置一对导轨15b，这对导轨15b与窑炉底部安装的导轨15c的横截面都是V字形或者凹型，在两个导轨之间设置滚球30a。通过导轨15b在滚球30a上运动使窑车在窑体内行进。
或者，如图7E所示，窑车底部设置一对导轨15d，这对导轨15d与窑炉底部安装的导轨15e的横截面都是V字形或者凹型，在两个导轨之间设置滚柱30b，滚柱30b中有轴30c贯通，通过轴30c与窑车固定。通过滚柱30b在导轨15e上的运动使窑车在窑体内行进。
或者，窑车也可以选择将车轮30更改为精密滑动副，并通过滑动面紧靠支撑面(可以是轨道15的表面)，通过推进滑动使窑车前进。
或者，窑车可以是一个架子，其没有轮子或是滑动副。相应地，窑车在炉内移动依靠链式的传动机构驱动，即将窑车将放置于链传动机构上，进而通过链条拖动。
第一气体置换室24
第一气体置换室24可以是将钢结构框架和钣金预制部件焊接而成的一个气密结构。其中钢结构框架(可以配置加强筋)位于外部，在钢结构框架内部附上预制加工(激光切割和折弯)而成的钣金部件。其中，钢结构框架主要起强化和支撑炉内耐火材料以及安装各类部件的作用，同时防止在运输过程中的受力变形或是在使用过程中的应力变形。可选地，第一气体置换室24还可以具有金属盖板(可以是钣金件)，其与钢结构焊接固定，从而形成具有第一入口5a和第一出口9a的腔室结构。
第一气体置换室24(或称入口气体置换室)连接在窑体4的窑头端。由于第一气体置 换室24具有第一入口5a和第一出口9a，因此，该第一气体置换室24通过其第一出口9a与窑体4的一端连接。实施例中，第一气体置换室24的第一出口9a通过闸门(能够根据需要选择性地启闭)与窑体的窑头端进行连接。闸门可以确保在不同的工作状态下，使气体在第一气体置换室24和窑体4之间连通或隔离。另外，也可以在第一气体置换室24的第一入口5a设置闸门，以便通过第一入口5a和第一出口9a的闸门形成一个独立的密闭腔室，以便进行气体置换。其中的闸门与第一气体置换室24的金属盖板连接。实施例中，作为改进气密性的功能的结构，第一气体置换室24被气密性的外壳包裹，并且在外壳的两端设置闸门，从而将第一气体置换室的第一入口5a和第一出口9a可选择性地封闭。或者，实施例中，第一气体置换室24的与金属盖板连接的闸门和气密性的外壳的闸门也可以共用闸门，从而将第一入口5a和第一出口9a选择性地开启或关闭。或者，可选地，第一气体置换室24也可以不设置金属盖板，而将气密性的外壳作为与金属盖板功能相似的构件，再将闸门与气密性的外壳连接。
考虑到可能需要维持窑体4内的足够的正压，并且，需要在第一气体置换室24内进行气体置换，相应地可能需要执行抽真空操作，因此，存在压差较大的情况。为了确保密封作用，在第一气体置换室24的两端的闸门都可以设置夹紧装置。除此之外，第一气体置换室24的两侧的门的各自的密封面都设置在置换室腔体外侧。这样，在闸门落下后通过夹紧装置锁紧，如此，在将第一气体置换室24内抽真空时，由于真空吸力门上的密封条109(参阅图6)会紧紧地吸附在密封面上，能够进一步确保了闸门的气密性。
在确保气密性的基础上，也可以使用不同的第一气体置换室的气体置换方式。例如，第一气体置换室24可以使用气流吹扫的方式进行气体置换。可选地，为了加速气体的置换速率，尽快使置换室内的气氛达到或接近窑体4的隧道内的气氛，可以选择设置一个真空系统/真空装置与第一气体置换室24连接。
另外，在第一气体置换室24内具有如图4所示的第一转移机构12以及第一驱动机构。第一驱动机构配置成驱动窑车，以便转移窑车。其中，第一转移机构12独立于窑体4内的轨道15。
一方面在于，轨道15设置在窑体4内，而未延伸出窑体4。另一方面在于，窑体4和第一气体置换室24之间具有闸门。因此，第一转移机构12和轨道15之间是断开而非连续的。第一转移机构12独立于窑体4的隧道，并能够通过运动而与之配合，例如对接或远离。
第一转移机构12可以在第一气体置换室24内运动，从而便于使窑车从隧道窑之外进入到第一气体置换室24内，也便于后续进入到窑体4的隧道内。当第一气体置换室24的长度(沿窑体4的窑头至窑尾方向)较大时，第一转移机构12可以运动的方案可以明显地提高隧道窑中的物料输送效率。本申请实施例中，第一气体置换室的长度可以设置为容纳 一辆窑车；可选地，其长度也可以增加，以同时容纳多辆窑车。
基于前述，物料通过窑车输运，因此，第一转移机构12可以被配置成与窑车配合，使得窑车可以在其上固定或运动。换言之，第一转移机构12可以作为窑车的输运设备。将窑车由第一气体置换室24输运到其与窑体4的连接处，窑车可以随后通过处于开启状态的闸门进入到窑体4的隧道内。
可选地，为了使窑车的运动更加平稳，第一转移机构12可以与隧道窑外的窑车轨道以很小的间隙对接，从而更方便地将窑外的窑车转移到第一气体置换室24内。可选地，第一转移机构12也可以与窑体4内的轨道15以很小的间隙对接，因此，窑车也可以更平稳顺畅地从第一气体置换室24内转移到窑体4内的轨道15上。简言之，通过控制第一转移机构12的运动而选择性与窑外轨道或窑体4内的轨道15对接，使得窑车可以在窑外、第一气体置换室和窑体4之间高效、平顺地进行输运，避免中断的轨道卡住窑车车轮30或造成窑车的颠簸，从而有助于提高输送效率，减小装载物料的匣钵的晃动、防止物料泼洒，还可以避免匣钵倾斜磕碰隧道内壁。窑车是可以装载作业对象的设备，其构成为可以在各个设备运动，有助于提高操作的灵活性和便利性。窑车本身可以是不带动力驱动，依靠外部驱动进行运动的，或者自身携带动力装置，可以自行运动。
作为一种具体且可选的方式，第一转移机构12可以为一对轨道，其与窑体4内的轨道15隔断。每根轨道的下部带有一根齿条。其中的第一转移机构12还可以使用齿轮齿条外的其他结构进行替换，例如滚珠丝杠或是其他移动副。
整个轨道齿条总成的移动依靠下部齿轮来驱动。通过齿轮的驱动，整个轨道可以在第一气体置换室24内前后移动，从而与窑体4内的轨道15或第一气体置换室24外(第一入口5a外)的窑外轨道对接，对接后的轨道间的缝隙很小，不影响窑车通过时的稳定运行。
当第一气体置换室24的第一入口5a的闸门或第一出口9a的闸门开启时(两者中的一者开启，另一个关闭)，齿轮驱动第一转移机构12与第一气体置换室24外的窑外轨道对接或者与窑体4的隧道入口内的轨道15对接。此时，窑车可以从窑炉外的窑外轨道上平稳地进入第一气体置换室24内的第一转移机构12上或者从第一气体置换室24内的第一转移机构12上平稳地进入窑体4的隧道入口内轨道15上。在窑车进入或者离开第一气体置换室24之后，第一转移机构12可以由齿轮驱动和传感器控制回到指定位置，让出第一入口5a的气密性的闸门落下所需要的空间，实现气密。
为了提高第一转移机构12的运动流畅性，第一转移机构12的齿条的支撑结构可以选择不设置在驱动齿轮上，而是通过另外的一个表面光滑的滑动副支撑。通过这样的支撑结构，可以提供足够的强度来承载沉重的窑车并进行移动。该滑动支撑副可为V型槽，U型槽或是任何其他形式，并且可以选择安装在一个和窑体4连接的钢结构上。钢结构可以由 型材焊接而成，其强度足够在支撑垂直方向上的重力的同时承载水平方向上的左右移动。
第一移动机构的驱动齿轮可以由安装在第一气体置换室24的外部的马达和驱动轴提供驱动力。驱动轴与第一气体置换室24的壳体之间依靠密封件密封，防止气体置换室外的气体通过缝隙进入气体置换室。
实施例中，转移机构可以包括驱动马达、驱动轴。其中，驱动轴安装有驱动齿轮。可选地，转移机构还包括移动副支架和主承载支架。移动副支架包含位于底部的齿条(配置成接收来自驱动齿轮的动力而可以左右移动)。主承载支架由加强型材焊接而成，并在上部安装有导轨(配置成承载窑车，其材质和隧道内或是隧道窑外的轨道一致)。主承载支架的下部安装有滑动副。此滑动副中的一部分与气体置换室的加强壳体相连接配置成承托窑车的重量，并且滑动副中的另一部分与主承载支架相连接。
此外，为了防止第一转移机构12在第一气体置换室24内移动时窑车发生不当的倾斜和晃动，可以选择在窑车两侧的第一气体置换室24的内壁上各安装有一个阻尼机构52。在窑车进入到第一气体置换室24内的第一转移机构12时，窑车的侧面会接触到此阻尼机构52，从而压迫该阻尼机构52，使窑车减速、直至静止。阻尼机构52可以是安装在内壁的阻尼板。
同时，在第一转移机构12移动时，窑车始终和该阻尼机构52接触，阻尼机构52会保持窑车相对于第一气体置换室24姿态稳定，直到窑车被第一驱动机构移出第一气体置换室24。阻尼机构52除了可以起到减速的作用之外，还能够起到防止窑车倾倒、倾斜的作用，以确保窑车平稳的运动。阻尼机构52能够对窑车起到姿态和速度矫正、控制，提高窑车运动的平稳性。
上述内容对第一转移机构12的结构进行了阐述，下文对与该第一转移机构12配合的第一驱动机构的结构进行详述。
实施例中，第一驱动机构可以是液压推杆或其他形式的推进机构。可选地，第一驱动机构可以使用第一拖链13(配置有马达，以驱动拖链)和液压推进器14(配置有液压站、液压油缸和推头)组合实施，如图1和图3所示。第一拖链13由一个马达驱动，马达通过轴与第一拖链13相连接，第一拖链13和链轮安装于一个壳体内部并啮合。当马达驱动轴时，链轮同样会带动第一拖链13前进或是后退。第一拖链13的头部带有一个可活动的钩头，用于钩住窑车底部的突出块，在操作时，马达先向一个方向转动，带动第一拖链13移动，钩头与窑车底部的突出块相咬合，然后马达反转，拖链即把窑车拖上轨道15或转移机构。第一拖链13可以是一根以90°或180°折弯的链条。此链条一旦放平或是折弯，则具有相当大的刚性，可以承载或推举重物。另外，拖链结构还具有下述的一些优势：由于拖链的安装尺寸仅为全行程的一半，因此，其所占面积会比液压推杆和其他形式的推进机构小 很多，适合安装在狭小空间。并且，拖链可以在不高于500℃的环境下自由工作而无需润滑，从而具有较高的环境适应性。
第一气体置换室24除了可以配置上述的结构之外，还可以基于使用的需要设置预热装置。这是基于这样的考虑：物料在窑体4中的升温阶段可能会释放出水汽。因此，在第一气体置换室24的闸门(位于第一气体置换室24与窑体4的连接处)打开时，窑体4内的热气体和第一气体置换室24内的冷气体相遇，造成水汽的冷凝。这些冷凝的水汽会沉积在第一气体置换室24的内表面上，从而容易滴落到在窑车上堆垛的最顶层的匣钵内，进入物料。或者，水汽在第一驱动机构的表面冷凝，会导致金属部件的加快腐蚀。因此，通过预热装置可以防止水汽冷凝，同时还可以提前给匣钵和物料加热，起到预热作用。
作为一种可选的具体实现方式，预热装置被构造为安装在第一气体置换室24的腔体内部的带加热功能的保温板11a。利用该保温板11a可以将第一气体置换室24内的温度提高到如90℃左右，同时将第一气体置换室24的外壁板的温度维持在室温，避免对其他部件的热损伤。其中，保温板11a可以选择市售产品，并且通过将加热带预埋在保温板11a内实现加热功能。
第二气体置换室25
第二气体置换室25(或称出口气体置换室)接在窑体4的窑尾端。换言之，第一气体置换室和第二气体置换室分别位于窑体的两端。
具体地，实施例中的第二气体置换室25具有第二入口7a和第二出口10a，因此，第二气体置换室25通过第二入口7a与窑体4的窑尾连接。并且，为了气密性连接和气体连通的需要，在第二气体置换室25和窑体4之间配置闸门。同时，第二气体置换室25的第二出口10a也对应设置闸门，以便通过第二入口7a和第二出口10a的闸门形成一个独立的密闭腔室，以便进行气体置换。实施例中，第二气体置换室25被气密性的外壳包裹，并且在外壳的两端设置闸门，从而能够将第二气体置换室25的第二入口7a和第二出口10a可选择性地封闭。
两个气体置换室24、25可以方便向窑体4中输送煅烧物料，以避免输送物料的过程中引入隧道窑外部的气体。通过对气体置换室24、25的结构的设置，使得气体置换室24、25和窑体4内的轨道可以独立，从而可以方便地设置气密性闸门，并且确保物料通畅、平顺地在气体置换室24、25和窑体4之间转移，同时还能够确保气密性和避免引入隧道窑外部的气体，从而允许隧道窑连续的高效生产。
在尺寸方面，第二气体置换室25以及其中的第二转移机构12a和配置成驱动窑车的第二驱动机构可以与第一气体置换室24相同，也可以不同，或可以进行适当的改动。为了避免重复的赘述，本申请中不对其做详述，请参阅前文涉及第一气体置换室24的相关的描述。
特别地，为了简化结构，可以对第二气体置换室25内的第二驱动机构进行改进。例如，第二驱动机构可以由两个安装方向相反的拖链(分别为第二前拖链22和第二后拖链23)组成。
基于该结构的第二驱动机构，窑车可以通过下述方式进行输送。
在本申请中，窑车可以通过顶进的方式进行输送。例如，窑车在从窑外进入到第一气体置换室24内之后，被第一转移机构12和第一驱动机构配合输送至窑体4内。后续的隧道窑外的窑车也可以通过该方式输送，从而使得在后的窑车会推动在前的窑车而使其在窑体4的隧道的轨道上运动。换言之，在一定程度上，隧道窑内的窑车前进(由窑头至窑尾的方向)运动可以通过第一气体置换室24内的窑车的不断进入而彼此顶进/推进实现。当窑车被继续顶入到接近第二气体置换室时，可以通过第二转移机构12a和上述的两个相反拖链配合的第二驱动机构进行转移操作。
此外，在实施例中，在第一气体置换室24中设置预热装置相对应的设备可以是在第二气体置换室25内设置的冷却装置。换言之，在作业对象进入窑体4之前，通过第一气体置换室24进行预热；在作业对象离开窑体4之后进入外界(或后续粉碎等处理步骤)之前，通过第二气体置换室25进行冷却。
设置冷却装置的原因在于：
原料在窑体4中被煅烧，因此其具有相对较高的温度，直接取出到外界可能导致温度骤降的问题。基于此，在将物料移出隧道窑之前，通过第二气体置换室25进行相对更彻底的冷却，以便降低从窑体出来的还有余热的煅烧后的物料，从而有助于减轻对后续处理工序的设备造成的热损伤。
同时，通过冷却还可以更快地进行出料的后续处理(不需要在其他设备额外地进行冷却，这往往会导致其他问题，如设备损伤、装料麻烦等等)，从而保证生产效率。较佳地，作为一种改进的冷却装置使用方式，其可以被选择性(位置、数量和姿态等等)进行构造，从而使窑车在第二气体置换室25内可以实现梯度递减的降温。
在实施例中，该冷却装置可以由如图5所示的气体管道110和注射器110a(未图示)组成。气体管道110被插入到第二气体置换室25内，且插入部分以朝向其中的窑车的方式设置气孔，以便配置成向匣钵喷射冷却气体，加速物料冷却。注射器110a可以通过气体管道110向第二气体置换室25内注射冷却气，以便对窑车以及其中的煅烧后的物料进行冷却。其中的冷却气可以是室温的工艺气体(例如干燥的空气、氧气或者氮气等)。
闸门
在本申请的实施例中，分别在四个区域设置闸门，分别是第一气体置换室24的第一入口5a、第一出口9a与窑体4的连接处，第二气体置换室25的第二入口7a和窑体4的连接 处、第二出口10a。
为了方便描述和方案的理解，在本申请中以第一前闸门5、第一后闸门7、第二前闸门9和第二后闸门10的方式进行区分。
其中，第一前闸门5可以与包裹第一气体置换室24的气密性外壳配合连接。第二后闸门10也可以与包裹第二气体置换室25的气密性外壳配合连接。第一后闸门7可以与包裹第一气体置换室24的气密性外壳以及包裹窑体4的气密性外壳连接。第二前闸门9则可以与包裹窑体4的气密性外壳连接以及包裹第二气体置换室25的气密性外壳连接。
在实施例中，第一前闸门5和第二后闸门10可以选择设置在气体置换室的内表面，从而使两气体置换室在抽真空时，两个气密性的闸门会挤压密封装置，从而增强气体置换室的气密性。
对于闸门的具体结构，其可以采用市售产品，因此，本申请对此不做详述。此外，上述各处的闸门的结构可以相同也可以是相异，本申请对此并未特别地限定。
气密性外壳
基于气密性的要求，在实施例中对两个气体置换室和窑体4进行气密性防护，即通过设置气密性外壳，使其包裹窑体4、第一气体置换室24和第二气体置换室25。
气密性外壳可以采用钢结构，例如，通过钢结构框架和钣金预制部件焊接而成。钢结构框架和加强筋位于钣金壳体外部。预制好的钣金部件贴附到钢结构框架的准确位置后，将钣金部件与钢结构框架焊接在一起。钣金件本身拼接的焊缝内外满焊，并通过着色探伤以确认焊缝是否全有任何焊接气孔或是焊接缺陷的存在，以确保炉内气氛不外泄。这样的结构也同样适用于制作第一气体置换室24和第二气体置换室25的密封性的壳体。
气密性外壳可以是连续的结构，从而将窑体4、第一气体置换室24和第二气体置换室25一同包裹在内部。气密性外壳可以作为密封功能的补充性构件(相对于已经通过钣金件构造气体置换室而言)。气密性外壳的两端分别连接设置闸门。
或者，气密性外壳也可以选择为分体的结构设置，因此，气密性外壳分别独立地包裹窑体4、第一气体置换室24和第二气体置换室25。为了进行区别，其中对应于第一气体置换室24的外壳为第一外壳26，对应于窑体4的外壳为第三外壳28，对应于第二气体置换室25的外壳为第二外壳27。
气密性外壳设置为分体式结构，可以为第一气体置换室24和窑体4以及第二气体置换室25与窑体4之间的闸门预留充分的操作空间，从而可以降低该部分所需的闸门的结构复杂度、安装和操作难度，同时还可能在一定程度上对气密性外壳的尺寸带来设计优势。
在实施例中，气密性外壳可以分成若干个节段进行制造和加工。每个节段的长度为几米。每个节段呈箱体结构。整个气密性外壳可以由多个箱体前后拼接而成。节段与节段之 间的拼接由前后的法兰连接，法兰之间装有密封胶垫。
此外，对于实际的设备制作和使用过程而言，在涂装并使用气密性外壳、两个气体置换室以及窑体4之前，封闭所有孔洞，然后整体进行试压测试，测试符合气密运行要求后，进行使用。
综上所述，本申请实施例中提出的隧道窑可以实现较好的气密性，同时还能够确保热处理或热化学处理作业的顺利进行，从而实现高效、高质量生产。可选地，该隧道窑可以作为一种完全气密型的轮轨式的隧道窑，能实现窑车从窑头进入窑体4和从窑尾移出窑体4时的平稳运行，而且在窑体内可以使用特殊的热处理或热化学处理的工艺气氛。
为了使本领域技术人员更易于理解和实施本申请方案，下文将就其使用方式做出实施例性的说明，并且主要是针对配置成运送物料的窑车的运动路径进行阐述。
图1中示出了在输送过程中，窑车处于不同的位置的状态。其中，分别记为窑车1a、窑车1b、窑车1c和窑车1d。
1、窑车进入第一气体置换室24
在第一后闸门7关闭的情况下，将第一前闸门5打开。然后，启动第一气体置换室24内的第一转移机构12，使之向第一气体置换室24的第一前闸门5方向移动，并与第一气体置换室24的第一入口5a外的轨道(未图示)对接。随后，第一驱动机构(主要指第一拖链)将第一入口5a外的窑车1a移动到第一转移机构12上。然后第一转移机构12和第一驱动机构中的第一拖链回退到指定位置，再关闭第一前闸门5。
2、置换第一气体置换室24的气体
当窑车进入第一气体置换室24且第一前闸门5和第一后闸门7均处于关闭状态后，第一气体置换室24中的气体置换为窑体4的隧道内的气氛。
3、窑车进入窑体4的隧道内
第一前闸门5关闭、第一后闸门7打开，启动第一转移机构12，并往第一后闸门7方向移动，直至与窑体4的窑头处的轨道15对接。然后，第一驱动机构中的液压推进器将窑车推进到窑头的轨道15上，从而进入到窑体4内，从而处于窑车1b的状态，进一步还可以通过窑车的持续送入而处于窑车1c的状态。同时，第一驱动机构中的液压推进器和第一转移机构12回退到指定位置，然后关闭第一后闸门7。
4、第二气体置换室25气体置换
在第二前闸门9和第二后闸门10处于关闭的状态下，第二气体置换室25内的气氛置换为窑体4的隧道内的气氛。
5、窑车进入到第二气体置换室25
在第二后闸门10处于关闭状态下，第二前闸门9打开，位于第二气体置换室25内的 第二转移机构12a启动，往第二前闸门9方向移动，直至与窑体4的窑尾处的轨道15对接。第二气体置换室25内的第二驱动机构(第二前拖链22)将窑体4的窑尾处的轨道15上的窑车移动到第二转移机构12a上，从而进入到第二气体置换室内，从而处于窑车1d的状态。同时，第二转移机构12a和第二驱动机构回退至指定位置，然后关闭第二前闸门9。
6、窑车离开第二气体置换室25
在第二前闸门9关闭的状态下，打开第二后闸门10，第二气体置换室25内的第二转移机构12a启动、并往第二后闸门10方向移动，直至与第二气体置换室25外的窑外轨道(未图示)对接。然后，第二驱动机构(第二后拖链23)将窑车从第二转移机构12a移动到第二气体置换室25之外的窑外轨道上。并且，第二转机机构和第二驱动机构回退到初始位置，然后关闭第二后闸门10。
以下就窑车进入隧道窑的详细步骤进行阐述。
窑车在第一气体置换室24外的窑外轨道上等待。窑外轨道为了便于输送窑车而与隧道窑匹配设置的。或者，根据窑车的不同，也可以不设置窑外轨道。
第一气体置换室24的第一前闸门5打开(同时第一后闸门7保持关闭)，第一转移机构12的轨道在齿轮的驱动下，与第一气体置换室24外的窑外轨道对接。第一气体置换室24中的第一拖链13伸出，将窑外的窑车拖进第一气体置换室24的轨道上并在传感器的控制下，窑车停止于指定位置。当未设置窑外轨道时，窑车可以被推送或自行“行驶”入第一气体置换室内。
由传感器确定位置后，第一前闸门5关闭并锁紧。然后第一三通真空阀20门打开，第一抽真空泵6把第一气体置换室24内的空气抽除，同时牢牢把第一前闸门5和第一后闸门7吸住，然后第一三通真空阀20关闭与真空泵相连的阀门，打开另一端通入与炉内气氛相同或相近的气体或非活性气体(例如氮气等)对置换室进行充气吹扫。
充气吹扫完成后，第一三通真空阀20做相反动作，真空泵再次启动对置换室进行再一次抽真空，经过几次气体置换后，第一气体置换室24内的气氛与和窑体4的隧道内气氛一致。开启第一后闸门7(同时第一前闸门5保持关闭)。第一气体置换室24的第一前闸门5和第一后闸门7有连锁保护，从而确保内外闸门不会同时开启。
第一后闸门7打开后，第一转移机构12的轨道在齿轮的驱动下，与窑体4的窑头内的轨道15对接。第一拖链13把窑车推送至接近窑体4的隧道内的窑车的位置。此时，窑车的撞头29位于液压推进器14的上方，第一拖链13退回并由伺服控制液压推进器14推动窑车。
当窑体内暂无窑车时，窑车被液压推进器14推动而进入到窑体内。同时，液压推进器14停下退回到原位。
或者，当窑体内已经存在窑车时，窑车被液压推进器14推动而进入到窑体，并且与窑体4的隧道内已经存在的窑车接触，并把该已经存在的窑车推进，而新进入的窑车会达到原先窑车的位置。同时，液压推进器14停下退回到原位。
另外，窑车移动到前面一辆窑车的位置。当液压推进器14开始回退时，第一转移机构12同样回退，全部到位后第一后闸门7落下并锁闭。第一气体置换室24进入空闲状态，可以准备使下一辆窑车进入。
窑车从隧道窑移出的详细步骤通过以下阐述被示明。
在第二气体置换室25内部没有窑车且处于空置状态时，第二前闸门9、第二后闸门10均处于关闭状态。第二气体置换室25内部的气氛已经通过置换，而与窑体4的隧道内部的气氛相同。
当第一气体置换室24的第一前闸门5关闭、第一后闸门7打开，窑车准备进入窑体4的窑头时，第二气体置换室25的第二前闸门9也同时打开(第二后闸门10保持关闭)。
同时，第二气体置换室25中的第二转移机构12a的轨道在齿轮的驱动下，与窑体4的窑尾内的轨道15对接。第二前拖链22启动，并到达指定位置等待窑车到位。随着第一气体置换室24的推进器把窑车推进到前一窑车的位置时，窑体4的隧道中的末尾的一辆窑车同样被轨道上后方的窑车顶出、并通过第二气体置换室25的第二前闸门9。
第二前拖链22启动，把窑车拖进第二气体置换室25的第二转移机构12a的轨道上。传感器确定窑车停止到指定位置后，第二转移机构12a和第二前拖链22回位，然后关闭第二前闸门9并锁紧。
第二前闸门9关闭后，窑车已到位。此时打开第二气体置换室25的第二后闸门10，第二气体置换室25中的第二转移机构12a的轨道在齿轮的驱动下，与第二气体置换室25外的轨道对接。第二后拖链23将窑车从第二转移机构12a的轨道上驱动到第二气体置换室25外面的窑外轨道上。在传感器确定窑车进入指定位置后，第二转移机构12a和第二后拖链23回位，然后关闭第二后闸门10并锁紧。
然后按照上述同样的程序对第二气体置换室25进行气体吹扫，将第二气体置换室25内的气氛改变成与窑体4内的气氛一致，以备下一个同样的工作流程。例如开启第二三通真空阀21门，并通过第二抽真空泵8抽气。
以上对窑车的运动方式进行了阐述，在具体的实施例中，隧道窑的操作和使用方式可以参阅如下。
首先，将窑体4的隧道内每段的温度上升到工艺预定的温度，然后通入所需工艺气体并调节流量。
其次，在将隧道内的气氛和温度调节到相应的工艺要求后，通过如下方式输运窑车。
使装载着匣钵的窑车(匣钵内承载着作业对象)依次进入隧道窑的第一气体置换室中的第一转移机构12上。
然后，窑车被第一气体置换室的第一驱动机构推入窑体4内轨道中。后面进入的窑车会紧紧地顶着轨道上前面的窑车，将前面的窑车向前推动，直到整个隧道被窑车充满。
然后，在窑尾的窑车会被第二气体置换室25中的第二驱动机构拖入第二气体置换室内的第二转移机构12a上。再从第二气体置换室中推出，进入后工序处理区域。
同时第一气体置换室的窑车进入窑头，推动窑车队列向前移动。或者，窑尾的窑车先进入第二气体置换室25，窑头的窑车再进入第一气体置换室。
经过上述的步骤，待煅烧的物料会经过隧道内的不同的温区，完成煅烧的过程。在实际的作业过程中，为了提高效率，窑体4的窑头和窑尾的两辆窑车同时进出窑体的隧道。并且，在每辆窑车被顶入窑体4内后，会停顿一段时间，才会有下一辆窑车被顶入窑炉内。隧道窑中的窑车队列向前移动。停顿的时间由窑炉的有效长度、温区设定和工艺要求等决定。
通过上述的操作，可以利用隧道窑对例如是锂离子电池的正极材料进行煅烧的热处理，从而满足煅烧时需要通入和维持特殊气氛的要求。当然，该隧道窑也可以配置成其他产品的生产，例如粉末冶金、合金加工、及陶瓷材料烧结等等。
作为一种应用的实例，实施例给出了利用上述的隧道窑实施的输送方法。
煅烧方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S101：在所述第一出口9a和所述第二入口7a处于关闭状态下，在所述窑体4的隧道内提供作业环境。
在第一后闸门7和第二前闸门9关闭，窑体4的隧道处于密封的状态下，可以在隧道中提供作业环境。作业环境根据隧道窑的不同使用方式而有所不同。例如，当隧道窑被用作煅烧设备时，作业环境例如是煅烧气氛/工艺气氛18(如图1所示)、煅烧温度等等。
步骤S102：将隧道窑之外的载具从打开的第一入口5a转移至第一转移机构12，并通过第一驱动机构转移至第一气体置换室24内的第一选定位置，其中，载具装载有作业对象。
在实施例中，窑车上装载匣钵堆垛2，配置成盛放作业对象如电池材料或无机材料粉末或制品。
载具可以是窑车或其他类型的适用于现有隧道窑的运输装置。可选地，载具可以有不同的实现方式。载具的具体实现方式需要根据隧道窑中的供载具“行走”的轨道的构造方式进行调整，本申请中不对其做具体限定。
为了方便窑车运动，通常可以使用窑外轨道。即隧道窑外的载具可以通过窑外轨道输送至第一气体置换室24内。具体地说，第一驱动机构将隧道窑外的载具转移至第一气体置 换室24内的第一转移机构12。第一转移机构12和载具一同移动。
步骤S103：关闭第一入口5a，置换第一气体置换室24内的气氛，然后开启第一出口9a，将载具通过第一出口9a转移至窑体4的隧道的第二选定位置。
当载具移动到第一气体置换室24内之后，后续将会被转移到窑体4的隧道内。因此，将第一气体置换室24内的气体置换为所需气氛，可以避免通过第一气体置换室24向窑体4的隧道内引入不希望的气体。
在实施例中，将第一气体置换室24的两端的闸门关闭，从而使第一入口5a和第一出口9a封闭，使第一气体置换室24内处于封闭。至此，即可通过真空系统或者其他抽气和注气设备，将第一气体置换室24内的气氛进行置换，以与窑体4的隧道内的气氛相同。
在第一气体置换室24内的气氛置换后，载具被第一驱动机构驱动进入到窑体4的隧道内。并且，隧道内的载具，可以被后续从第一气体置换室24内由第一驱动机构驱动而进入的载具推动，在隧道内运动。当载具进入到窑体4的隧道内之后，载具中的作业对象(如电池材料)在隧道内被热处理或热化学处理，如煅烧等等。
步骤S104：在第二入口和第二出口处于关闭的状态下，置换第二气体置换室25内的气氛，然后从打开的第二入口，将载具转移至第二转移机构12a并一并转移至第二气体置换室25的第三选定位置。
当载具上的作业对象在隧道中被处理之后，输送至第二气体置换室25内。为避免第二气体置换室25内的气体对隧道内气氛的影响，也需要对第二气体置换室25内的气氛进行置换。换言之，在转移载具之前，先置换气体。即关闭第二入口和第二出口，再通过第二气体置换室25的抽气和注气设备，将第二气体置换室25内的气氛进行置换，以与窑体4的隧道内的气氛相同。
步骤S105：关闭第二入口，通过打开的第二出口，将载具转移至隧道窑之外。
在载具进入到第二气体置换室25内之后，将第二入口关闭，从而将第二气体置换室25与窑体4的隧道隔离开。因此，第二气体置换室25内的气体不会对窑体4的隧道内的气体产生干扰。此时，载具可以被转移到隧道窑外。例如，第二转移机构12a与隧道窑外的窑外轨道对接，然后第二驱动机构将载具驱动到窑外轨道。随后即可关闭第二出口。
如果后续需要继续使载具进入，则可以还对第二气体置换室25进行气体置换，以便后续从窑体4的隧道内推出的载具进入其中，以备下一个同样的工作流程。
应当指出的是，虽然上述操作以给定的顺序实施各个步骤，但是这并非意在限定其中每个步骤只能以上述顺序实施。也可以对也部分步骤进行适当的调节，以满足具体的作业要求。
例如，本申请中，关于第一气体置换室内的气体置换和第二气体置换室内的气体置换， 除了按照上述步骤顺序进行之外，也可以选择同时进行。例如在上述的步骤S103中，也可以在替换第一气体置换室内的气体的同时同步替换第二气体置换室内的气体。或者，可选地，在上述步骤S101中，当在窑体4的隧道内提供作业环境时，也可以同步地替换第二气体置换室25内的气体。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本申请的隧道窑及输送方法，能够避免输送物料的过程中引入隧道窑外部的气体，可以方便地设置气密性闸门，并且确保物料通畅、平顺地在气体置换室和窑体之间转移，同时还能够确保气密性和避免引入隧道窑外部的气体，从而允许隧道窑连续的高效生产。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种隧道窑，其特征在于，包括：
    窑体，具有位于内部的隧道，所述隧道设置有轨道；
    第一气体置换室，具有第一入口和第一出口，所述第一气体置换室通过所述第一出口与所述窑体的一端连接；
    第二气体置换室，具有第二入口和第二出口，所述第二气体置换室通过所述第二入口与所述窑体的另一端连接；
    可选择启闭的闸门，所述第一入口、所述第一出口、所述第二入口和所述第二出口均分别设置有所述闸门；
    窑车，所述窑车被构造为能够通过所述第一气体置换室、所述窑体以及所述第二气体置换室。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述隧道窑包括气密性外壳，所述气密性外壳与所述闸门连接，并且包裹所述窑体、所述第一气体置换室和所述第二气体置换室。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述气密性外壳通过钢结构框架和钣金预制部件焊接而成。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，在所述第一气体置换室内具有独立并与所述轨道配合的第一转移机构以及配置成驱动所述窑车运动的第一驱动机构，在所述第二气体置换室内具有独立并与所述轨道配合的第二转移机构以及配置成驱动所述窑车运动的第二驱动机构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述轨道的两端能够分别与所述第一转移机构和所述第二转移机构可分离地对接。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述窑车能够可选地在所述第一转移机构、所述第二转移机构和所述轨道中的任一者运动。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述第一气体置换室和所述第二气体置换室内分别设置有与所述窑车配合的阻尼机构。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述第一气体置换室内具有预热装置。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述第二气体置换室内具有冷却装置。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述窑体的侧壁具 有加热器。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述窑体的侧壁具有注气口。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，在所述窑体内设置有温度传感器。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述第一气体置换室和所述第二气体置换室分别独立地配置真空装置。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，在所述窑车的下部具有车轮，所述窑车通过所述车轮在轨道上进行滚动。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，所述轨道为U型结构轨道或者为地坑轨道。
  16. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的隧道窑，其特征在于，在所述窑车底部设置有一对导轨，在所述窑炉的底部安装有两列固定的滚轮组，通过所述导轨在所述滚轮组上的运动使所述窑车在所述窑体内行进。
  17. 一种输送方法，通过如权利要求1所述的隧道窑实施，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    在所述第一出口和所述第二入口处于关闭状态下，在所述窑体的隧道内提供作业环境；
    将所述隧道窑之外的载具，从打开的所述第一入口，转移至第一气体置换室内的第一选定位置，其中，所述载具装载有作业对象；
    关闭第一入口，置换所述第一气体置换室内的气氛，然后开启所述第一出口，将所述载具通过第一出口转移至所述窑体的隧道的第二选定位置；
    在所述第二入口和所述第二出口处于关闭状态下，置换所述第二气体置换室内的气氛，然后从打开的所述第二入口，将所述载具转移至所述第二气体置换室的第三选定位置；
    关闭所述第二入口，通过打开的所述第二出口，将所述载具转移至所述隧道窑之外。
PCT/CN2021/106405 2020-12-01 2021-07-15 一种隧道窑及输送方法 WO2022116546A1 (zh)

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