WO2022110813A1 - 掉电延时保护电路及控制方法 - Google Patents
掉电延时保护电路及控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of electronic technology, in particular to the field of switching power supplies with an ultra-wide input voltage range that requires a power-down holding time.
- a switching power supply with a single-stage topology design such as a flyback
- a single-stage topology design such as a flyback
- this solution will lead to a larger capacitance value in order to maintain the same power-off hold-up time at low voltage input, which brings difficulties to the system design of the module power supply.
- the second scheme uses a two-stage topology in series.
- the front stage uses a boost boost circuit to raise the input voltage to a certain value, and the latter stage uses a normal topology for transformation, such as flyback, forward excitation, and full bridge.
- the external energy storage capacitor is connected to the middle node of the two-stage topology, that is, the output end of the BOOST boost circuit. When the input energy is cut off, the external energy storage capacitor can continue to provide energy to the subsequent stage to achieve the power-off hold time. Although the stored energy is greatly improved, because the two stages are connected in series, the circuit load is low, and the reliability is low. What is more fatal is that the efficiency will be much lower than that of the single-stage solution, and the advantages of product size and performance will be completely lost.
- the power-off delay protection circuit and its control method proposed by the present invention are applied to a switching power supply adopting a single-stage topology, so as to realize the extension of the power-off retention time, and at the same time, the efficiency is high, the circuit structure is simple, and the reliability is high. And easy to achieve high power density modularization.
- a power-off delay protection control method adopts a switching power supply with a single-stage topology, and an auxiliary winding is connected in parallel with the primary winding of the switching power supply to couple the output voltage. It is raised to charge and store the energy storage capacitor C3 electrically connected with the switch tube Q1 in series, and the switch tube Q1 is in the off state; when the power supply is turned off, when the input voltage falls out of the normal input range, the switch tube Q1 is controlled to conduct On, the energy stored in the energy storage capacitor C3 is released to the input end of the switching power supply through the switching tube Q1, so as to continue to provide energy for the load.
- a power-off delay protection circuit which is connected in parallel with the primary winding of a switching power supply, is characterized in that it includes a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, an inductance L1, a switch tube Q1, a resistor R1, an energy storage capacitor C3 and an auxiliary winding 3 -4.
- the 3 terminals of the auxiliary winding and the 1 terminal of the primary winding are the same name terminals, and are connected to the input side ground.
- the 4 terminals of the auxiliary winding are electrically connected to the anode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D3 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1.
- R1 is electrically connected to the anode of the storage capacitor C3 and the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the storage capacitor C3 is connected to the input side ground, the cathode of the diode D2 is electrically connected to the drain of the switch Q1, and the source of the switch Q1
- One end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D1
- the anode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the power input end
- the other end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the primary winding 1 end.
- a power-off delay protection circuit which is connected in parallel with the primary winding of a switching power supply, is characterized in that it includes a diode D1, a diode D3, a switching tube Q1, a resistor R1, an energy storage capacitor C3, and auxiliary windings 3-4. Terminal 3 and terminal 1 of the primary winding have the same name as each other and are connected to the input side ground.
- Terminal 4 of the auxiliary winding is electrically connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected
- the anode of the energy storage capacitor C3 and the drain of the switch Q1, the cathode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the input side ground, the source of the switch Q1 is electrically connected to the primary winding 1 and the cathode of the diode D1, and the anode of the diode D1 is electrically connected. Connect to the power input.
- a power-off delay protection circuit which is connected in parallel with the primary winding of a switching power supply, is characterized in that it includes a diode D1, a diode D3, an inductor L1, a switching tube Q1, a resistor R1, an energy storage capacitor C3 and auxiliary windings 3-4.
- the 3 terminals of the auxiliary winding and the 1 terminal of the primary winding are the same name terminals, and are connected to the input side ground.
- the 4 terminals of the auxiliary winding are electrically connected to the anode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D3 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1.
- the other end is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3 and the drain of the switch tube Q1, the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the input side ground, the source electrode of the switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to one end of the inductor L1 and the cathode of the diode D1, the diode D1
- the anode of L1 is electrically connected to the input end of the power supply, and the other end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the first end of the primary winding.
- a power-off delay protection circuit which is connected in parallel with the primary winding of a switching power supply, is characterized in that it includes a diode D1, a diode D3, an inductance L1, a switching tube Q1, a resistor R1, an energy storage capacitor C3 and auxiliary windings 3-4,
- the third terminal of the auxiliary winding and the first terminal of the primary winding are the same name terminals, and are connected to the input side ground.
- the fourth terminal of the auxiliary winding is electrically connected to the anode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D3 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected.
- One end is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3, one end of the inductor L1 and the cathode of the diode D1, the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the source of the switch Q1, the drain of the switch Q1 is connected to the input side ground, and the diode D1
- the anode of L1 is electrically connected to the input end of the power supply, and the other end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the first end of the primary winding.
- a power-off delay protection circuit which is connected in parallel with the primary winding of a switching power supply, is characterized in that it includes a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, an inductance L1, a switch tube Q1, a resistor R1, an energy storage capacitor C3 and an auxiliary winding 3 -4.
- the 3 terminals of the auxiliary winding and the 1 terminal of the primary winding are the same name terminals, and are connected to the input side ground.
- the 4 terminals of the auxiliary winding are electrically connected to the anode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D3 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1.
- R1 is electrically connected to the anode of the energy storage capacitor C3 and the anode of the diode D2
- the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the source of the switch Q1
- the drain of the switch Q1 is connected to the input side ground
- the cathode of the diode D2 is electrically connected
- One end of the inductor L1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1
- the anode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the power input end
- the other end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the primary winding 1 end.
- a power-off delay protection circuit which is connected in parallel with the primary winding of a switching power supply, is characterized in that it includes a booster circuit, a diode D1, a diode D2, a switch tube Q1 and an energy storage capacitor C3, and the first input end of the booster circuit
- the power supply input terminal and the anode of the diode D1 are electrically connected
- the second input terminal of the booster circuit is electrically connected to the anode of the energy storage capacitor C3 and the anode of the diode D2
- the output terminal of the booster circuit and the cathode of the energy storage capacitor C3 are connected to the ground on the input side.
- the cathode of the diode D2 is electrically connected to the drain of the switch Q1
- the source of the switch Q1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D1 and the primary winding 1 terminal.
- Electrical connection includes direct or indirect connection, and also includes connections such as inductive coupling.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the auxiliary winding is coupled with the secondary winding, and the single-stage topology is used to realize the circuit logic. Compared with the two-stage scheme, the circuit reliability and efficiency are greatly improved;
- the voltage of the energy storage capacitor can be raised to a higher level, and the energy storage capacitor with a smaller capacity can be selected to prolong the power-off retention time and reduce the volume of the power supply unit of the electronic system;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a power-down delay protection circuit according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a power-off delay protection circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a power-down delay protection circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of a power-down delay protection circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of a power-down delay protection circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sixth embodiment of a power-off delay protection circuit according to the present invention.
- the purpose of the present invention is to achieve this, in a single-stage topology switching power supply, such as a flyback circuit, the primary winding of the switching power supply is connected in parallel with an auxiliary winding to couple the output voltage, and the coupled voltage is raised to a certain value through the turn ratio transformation.
- the voltage value because the output voltage is constant, the coupled voltage is also kept constant and does not change with the input voltage.
- the flyback circuit includes the primary side input circuit, the primary side windings 1-2, the transformer T1, the secondary side windings 5-6 and the output circuit.
- the primary side input circuit includes the diode D1, the capacitor C1 and the switch tube Q2, and the 1 end of the primary side winding
- the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the diode C1, the two ends of the primary winding are connected to the drain of the switch Q2, and the source of the switch Q2 and the other end of the diode C1 are connected to the input side ground.
- Power-off delay protection circuit connected in parallel with the primary winding, including diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, inductor L1, switch tube Q1, resistor R1, energy storage capacitor C3 and auxiliary windings 3-4.
- the 3 terminals of the auxiliary winding are connected to The 1 end of the primary winding is the same name as each other and is connected to the input side ground.
- the 4 end of the auxiliary winding is connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3.
- the cathode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the input side ground
- the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the drain of the switch Q1
- the source of the switch Q1 is connected to one end of the inductor L1 and the cathode of the diode D1
- the diode D1 The anode of L1 is connected to the input terminal of the power supply, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the terminal 1 of the primary winding.
- the input voltage is in a normal range, and a voltage value will be coupled to the auxiliary windings 3-4. After rectification by the diode D3, a forward voltage will be generated to charge the energy storage capacitor C3.
- the charging current can be By setting the resistor R1, the boost value of the auxiliary winding can be determined according to the output voltage of the flyback circuit and the turns ratio of the transformer.
- the switch tube Q1 is turned off. When the input energy of the power supply is cut off, the input voltage begins to drop. When the input voltage falls out of the normal input range, the switch Q1 is turned on. At this time, the energy stored in the energy storage capacitor C3 is released to the flyback through the diode D2 and the switch Q1. The input terminal of the circuit continues to provide energy to the load, thus prolonging the power-down hold-up time of the flyback circuit.
- the 3 terminals of the auxiliary winding and the 1 terminal of the primary winding are the same name terminals, and are connected to the input side ground.
- the 4 terminals of the auxiliary winding are connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to
- the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the drain of the switch tube Q1, the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the input side ground, the source electrode of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the 1 end of the primary winding and the cathode of the diode D1, and the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the power supply input.
- the 3 terminals of the auxiliary winding and the 1 terminal of the primary winding are the same name terminals, and are connected to the input side ground.
- the 4 terminals of the auxiliary winding are connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to
- the anode of the energy storage capacitor C3 and the drain of the switch Q1 the cathode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the input side ground
- the source of the switch Q1 is connected to one end of the inductor L1 and the cathode of the diode D1
- the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the power input
- the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the 1 end of the primary winding.
- the 3 terminals of the auxiliary winding and the 1 terminal of the primary winding are the same name terminals, and are connected to the input side ground.
- the 4 terminals of the auxiliary winding are connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to
- the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first end of the primary winding.
- the diode D2 since the diode D2 is removed, it will affect the impact current caused by the charging of the energy storage capacitor C3 at the moment of power-on.
- the change of the connection position of the switch tube Q1 will make the drive control of the switch tube Q1 simpler.
- the disadvantage is that The switch tube Q1 can only be placed outside the product together with the energy storage capacitor C3, and cannot be used in the module power supply.
- this connection method is more suitable for the design of the system power supply.
- the other working principles are the same as the first embodiment. I won't go into details here.
- connection position of the switch Q1 of the power-failure delay protection circuit in the circuit is changed, and the connection relationship is modified as follows:
- the 3 terminals of the auxiliary winding and the 1 terminal of the primary winding are the same name terminals, and are connected to the input side ground.
- the 4 terminals of the auxiliary winding are connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to The anode of the energy storage capacitor C3 and the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the source of the switch Q1, the drain of the switch Q1 is connected to the input side ground, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to one end of the inductor L1 and the diode D1 The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the power input terminal, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the primary winding 1 terminal.
- the delay protection circuit connected in parallel with the primary winding includes a booster circuit, a diode D1, a diode D2, a switch tube Q1 and an energy storage capacitor C3, and the booster circuit
- the first input end of the boost circuit is connected to the power supply input end and the anode of the diode D1
- the second input end of the boost circuit is connected to the anode of the energy storage capacitor C3 and the anode of the diode D2
- the output end of the boost circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C3 and
- the input side is connected to the ground
- the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the drain of the switch Q1
- the source of the switch Q1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1 and the primary winding 1 terminal.
- the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the charging method for the energy storage capacitor C3 is different, and the auxiliary winding 3-4 of the transformer T1 of the first embodiment is replaced by a booster circuit.
- the logic and control of discharge are the same as in the first implementation case.
- the inductance L1 is removed, the impulse voltage generated by the resonance of the inductance and the capacitor during discharge can be reduced, but it also brings an increase in the impulse current, which needs to be selected according to the actual situation.
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Abstract
本发明公开的掉电延时保护电路及控制方法，在开关电源的原边绕组并联一个辅助绕组来耦合输出电压，在电源正常工作时，通过匝比变换将耦合的原边电压抬升，以对与开关管Q1串联电联接的储能电容C3进行充电储能；当电源关断时，在输入电压跌出正常输入范围时，控制开关管Q1导通，使储能电容C3存储的能量通过开关管Q1释放到开关电源的输入端，用以继续为负载提供能量。本发明不仅延长了掉电保持时间，而且掉电保持时间不随输入电压变化而变化，对于超宽输入电压范围的开关电源非常适用。本发明实现了掉电保持时间的延长，并且冲击电流小、效率高、电路结构简单、可靠性高、使模块电源的系统化应用更加方便。
Description
本发明涉及电子技术领域，特别涉及需要掉电保持时间的超宽输入电压范围的开关电源领域。
现在几乎所有的电子设备都需要供电系统开关电源作为能量转换的关键模块，在有些可靠性要求高的领域，比如铁路电源。为了电子设备的的可靠运行，要求在供电被切断时，即开关电源输入电压突然掉电时，仍然能维持一定的时间输出能量，电子设备需进行掉电状态数据的存储且有序切换到备用电源，因此要求开关电源系统有较长的掉电保持时间。例如在铁路电源领域，要求掉电保持时间不小于10ms。
现有技术中，通常采用两种方式来实现维持较长的掉电保持时间，第一种，采用单级拓扑设计的开关电源比如反激，通常采用在输入侧直接并联电解电容储能，根据电容能量存储公式W＝1/2*C*U
2可知，输入电压U越高，存储的能量W就越多，那么相同电容值C的情况下掉电保持时间就越长。那么这种方案就会导致在低压输入时，为了维持相同的掉电保持时间就需要更大的电容值，对于模块电源的系统设计带来困难。
第二种方案采用两级拓扑串联的方式，前级采用boost升压电路将输入电压抬升至一定的值，后级采用正常的拓扑进行变换，比如反激、正激、全桥等。外置的储能电容接在两级拓扑的中间节点，即BOOST升压电路的输出端，当输入能量切断后，外置储能电容可以继续给后级提供能量实现掉电保持时间。虽然存储的能量提升很多，但是因为两级串联，电路负载，可靠性较低，更致命的是效率较单级方案会低很多，产品体积和性能的优势会完全丧失。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提出的掉电延时保护电路及其控制方法，应用于采用单级拓扑的开关电源，实现掉电保持时间的延长的同时，效率较高、电路结构简单、可靠性高且易于实现高功率密度模块化。
本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种掉电延时保护控制方法，采用单级拓扑的开关电源，在开关电源的原边绕组并联一个辅助绕组来耦合输出电压，在电源正常工作时，通过匝比变换将耦合的原边电压抬升，以对串联电联接有开关管Q1的储能电容C3进行充电储能，开关管Q1为关断状态；当电源关断时，在输入电压跌出正常输入范围时，控制开关管Q1导通，使储能电容C3存储的能量通过开关管Q1释放到开关电源的输入端，用以继续为负载提供能量。
一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极与开关管Q1的漏极电联接，开关管Q1的源极电联接电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端电联接。
一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括二极管D1、二极管D3、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极和开关管Q1的漏极，储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，开关管Q1的源极电联接原边绕组1端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端。
一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括包括二极管D1、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极和开关管Q1的漏极，储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，开关管Q1的源极电联接电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端电联接。
一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括二极管D1、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极、电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，储能电容C3的负极与开关管Q1的源极电联接，开关管Q1的漏极与输入侧地相连，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端电联接。
一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，储能电容C3的负极电联接开关管Q1的源极，开关管Q1的漏极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极电联接电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端电联接。
一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括升压电路、二极管D1、二极管D2、开关管Q1和储能电容C3，升压电路的第一输入端电联接电源输入端和二极管D1的阳极，升压电路的第二输入端电联接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，升压电路的输出端和储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极电联接开关管Q1的漏极，开关管Q1的源极电联接二极管D1的阴极和原边绕组1端。
术语解释：
电联接：包括直接或间接连接，并且还包括感应耦合之类的连接方式。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、由于给储能电容储能的过程没有主功率电路工作的影响，因此不会带来效率和可靠性降低的问题；
2、由于储能电容存储的能量不会受到输入电压的变化而变化，非常适合超宽输入电压而且有低压输入情况存在的电源解决方案；
3、对于隔离型DC-DC变换器，辅助绕组与副边绕组耦合，采用单级式拓扑实现电路逻辑，相对于两级方案而言，电路可靠性和效率均大幅提高；
4、储能电容的电压可以升至较高，可选择容量较小的储能电容实现掉电保持时间的延长，降低了电子系统供电单元的体积；
5、对于超宽输入模块电源的应用，无论供电系统电压是多少，都可以采用同一套外围电路就可以解决掉电保持时间的问题，给整机系统应用带来极大的方便。
图1为本发明掉电延时保护电路第一实施例的原理图；
图2为本发明掉电延时保护电路第二实施例的原理图；
图3为本发明掉电延时保护电路第三实施例的原理图；
图4为本发明掉电延时保护电路第四实施例的原理图；
图5为本发明掉电延时保护电路第五实施例的原理图；
图6为本发明掉电延时保护电路第六实施例的原理图；
本发明的目的是这样实现的，在单级拓扑的开关电源中，比如反激电路，开关电源的原边绕组并联一个辅助绕组来耦合输出电压，通过匝比变换将耦合的电压抬升至一定的电压值，因为输出电压恒定，因此耦合的电压也保持恒定，不随输入电压变化而变化，在产品正常工作时，对与开关管Q1串联电联接的储能电容C3进行充电储能；当输入电压跌出正常输入范围时，控制开关管Q1导通，使储能电容C3存储的能量通过开关管Q1释放到开关电源的输入端。
为了使得本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明，以下结合具体的实施电路对本发明进行进一步说明。
第一实施例
如图1所示，在反激电路的基础上，加上本实施例一种掉电延时保护控制电路，能够延长反激电路的掉电保持时间。反激电路包括原边输入电路、原边绕组1-2、变压器T1、副边绕组5-6和输出电路，原边输入电路包括二极管D1、电容C1和开关管Q2，原边绕组的1端连接二极管D1的阴极和二极管C1的一 端，原边绕组的2端连接开关管Q2的漏极，开关管Q2的源极和二极管C1的另一端与输入侧地相连。
掉电延时保护电路，与原边绕组并联，包括二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端连接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极连接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端连接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极与开关管Q1的漏极连接，开关管Q1的源极连接电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极连接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端连接。
本实施例的工作原理如下：
电源启动时，输入电压在一个正常的范围值，这时辅助绕组3-4上会耦合一个电压值，经过二极管D3整流后会产生一个正向电压给储能电容C3充电，其中，充电电流可通过电阻R1设定，辅助绕组升压值可以根据反激电路输出电压、变压器匝比确定，在这个过程中开关管Q1处于关断状态。当电源的输入能量被切断后，输入电压开始跌落，当输入电压跌出正常输入范围时，开关管Q1导通，这时储能电容C3存储的能量通过二极管D2和开关管Q1释放到反激电路的输入端继续为负载提供能量，从而延长了反激电路的掉电保持时间。
因为二极管D1的存在，储能电容C3释放的能量只能通过电源本身传递到负载端，不会出现能量倒灌的现象。采用这种方式既解决了能量存储的问题，也为单级电路方案提供了一条最为合理的能量释放回路，而电感L1的存在限制了能量释放过程冲击电流带来的可靠性问题，二极管D2的存在解决了在开机瞬间给储能电容C3充电带来的冲击电流的影响。
第二实施例
本实施例如图2所示，与第一实施例的区别是：掉电延时保护电路去掉了二极管D2和电感L1，其连接关系修改如下：
辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端连接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极连接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端连接储能电容C3的正极和开关管Q1的漏极，储能电容C3的负极 与输入侧地相连，开关管Q1的源极连接原边绕组1端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极连接电源输入端。
本实施例由于去掉了二极管D2，能量释放过程冲击电流带来的可靠性问题会对本实施造成影响；去掉了电感L1，在开机瞬间会给储能电容C3充电带来的冲击电流的影响，其他工作原理与第一实施例相同，在此不做赘述。
第三实施例
本实施例如图3所示，与第一实施例的区别是：掉电延时保护电路去掉了二极管D2，其连接关系修改如下：
辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端连接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极连接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端连接储能电容C3的正极和开关管Q1的漏极，储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，开关管Q1的源极连接电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极连接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端连接。
本实施例由于去掉了二极管D2，在开机瞬间会给储能电容C3充电带来的冲击电流的影响，其他的工作原理与第一实施例相同，在此不做赘述。
第四实施例
本实施例施例如图4所示，与第一实施例的区别是：掉电延时保护电路去掉了二极管D2，开关管Q1在电路中的连接位置有变更，其连接关系修改如下：
辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端连接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极连接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端连接储能电容C3的正极、电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，储能电容C3的负极与开关管Q1的源极连接，开关管Q1的漏极与输入侧地相连，二极管D1的阳极连接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端连接。
本实施例由于去掉了二极管D2，在开机瞬间会给储能电容C3充电带来的冲击电流的影响，另外，开关管Q1的连接位置变更会使开关管Q1的驱动控制更为简单，缺点是开关管Q1只能和储能电容C3一起放置在产品的外面，无法做在模块电源里面，但是对于系统电源的设计，这种连接方式更为适合，其他的工作原理与第一实施例相同，在此不做赘述。
第五实施例
本实施例如图5所示，与第一实施例的区别是：掉电延时保护电路的开关管Q1在电路中的连接位置有变更，其连接关系修改如下：
辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端连接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极连接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端连接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，储能电容C3的负极连接开关管Q1的源极，开关管Q1的漏极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极连接电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极连接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端连接。
本实施例由于开关管Q1的连接位置变更会使开关管Q1的驱动控制更为简单，缺点是开关管Q1只能和储能电容C3一起放置在产品的外面，无法做在模块电源里面，但是对于系统电源的设计，这种连接方式更为适合，其他的工作原理与第一实施例相同，在此不做赘述。
第六实施例
本实施例如图6所示，与第一实施例的区别是：与原边绕组并联的延时保护电路包括升压电路、二极管D1、二极管D2、开关管Q1和储能电容C3，升压电路的第一输入端连接电源输入端和二极管D1的阳极，升压电路的第二输入端连接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，升压电路的输出端和储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极连接开关管Q1的漏极，开关管Q1的源极连接二极管D1的阴极和原边绕组1端。
本实施例与第一实施区别在于给储能电容C3的充电方式不同，由升压电路代替第一实施例的变压器T1的辅助绕组3-4，这种充电方式应用于无法用辅助绕组充电的拓扑电路，例如正激、半桥、全桥等拓扑电路，放电的逻辑和控制与第一实施案例相同。另外，由于去掉了电感L1，可以减小放电时由于电感和电容谐振产生的冲击电压，但是也带来了冲击电流的增加，这里需要根据实际情况折中选取。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，例如，单级拓扑的修改，冲击电流 限制电感L1的增加或者用导线替代、变压器T1同名端的修改，开关管Q1更改为其他可以实现形同功能的器件，比如，MOS管、IGBT、可控硅、继电器等，对于实现这一功能的所有电路的更改，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。
Claims (7)
- 一种掉电延时保护控制方法，采用单级拓扑的开关电源，在开关电源的原边绕组并联一个辅助绕组来耦合输出电压，在电源正常工作时，通过匝比变换将耦合的原边电压抬升，以对串联电联接有开关管Q1的储能电容C3进行充电储能，开关管Q1为关断状态；当电源关断时，在输入电压跌出正常输入范围时，控制开关管Q1导通，使储能电容C3存储的能量通过开关管Q1释放到开关电源的输入端，用以继续为负载提供能量。
- 一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极与开关管Q1的漏极电联接，开关管Q1的源极电联接电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端电联接。
- 一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括二极管D1、二极管D3、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极和开关管Q1的漏极，储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，开关管Q1的源极电联接原边绕组1端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端。
- 一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括包括二极管D1、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极和开关管Q1的漏极，储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，开关管Q1的源极电联接电感L1的一端和二极 管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端电联接。
- 一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括二极管D1、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极、电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，储能电容C3的负极与开关管Q1的源极电联接，开关管Q1的漏极与输入侧地相连，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端电联接。
- 一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、电感L1、开关管Q1、电阻R1、储能电容C3和辅助绕组3-4，辅助绕组的3端与原边绕组1端互为同名端，且与输入侧地相连，辅助绕组的4端电联接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极电联接电阻R1的一端，电阻R1的另一端电联接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，储能电容C3的负极电联接开关管Q1的源极，开关管Q1的漏极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极电联接电感L1的一端和二极管D1的阴极，二极管D1的阳极电联接电源输入端，电感L1的另一端与原边绕组1端电联接。
- 一种掉电延时保护电路，与开关电源的原边绕组并联，其特征在于：包括升压电路、二极管D1、二极管D2、开关管Q1和储能电容C3，升压电路的第一输入端电联接电源输入端和二极管D1的阳极，升压电路的第二输入端电联接储能电容C3的正极和二极管D2的阳极，升压电路的输出端和储能电容C3的负极与输入侧地相连，二极管D2的阴极电联接开关管Q1的漏极，开关管Q1的源极电联接二极管D1的阴极和原边绕组1端。
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| CN112615425B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-09-08 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | 一种检测控制电路 |
| CN113541466A (zh) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-10-22 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | 一种延长掉电保持时间电路及其方法 |
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| CN101795083A (zh) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-04 | 株式会社日立媒介电子 | 开关电源装置以及影像显示装置 |
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| CN112564263A (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-26 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | 掉电延时保护电路及控制方法 |
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| CN210101380U (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-02-21 | 江苏塔菲尔新能源科技股份有限公司 | Bms掉电延时电路及其bms掉电延时系统 |
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| CN1521928A (zh) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-08-18 | ��˹̩�˹��ʹ�˾ | 具有保持时间的单转换电源转换器 |
| CN101795083A (zh) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-04 | 株式会社日立媒介电子 | 开关电源装置以及影像显示装置 |
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