CN106571743B - 一种双管正激开关电源电路 - Google Patents

一种双管正激开关电源电路 Download PDF

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CN106571743B
CN106571743B CN201610817811.XA CN201610817811A CN106571743B CN 106571743 B CN106571743 B CN 106571743B CN 201610817811 A CN201610817811 A CN 201610817811A CN 106571743 B CN106571743 B CN 106571743B
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CN106571743A (zh
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余运俊
衷国瑛
尹君怡
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Nanchang University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36Means for starting or stopping converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/062Avoiding or suppressing excessive transient voltages or currents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/068Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode mounted on a transformer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种双管正激开关电源电路,包括变压器原边的双管正激网络和副边倍流整流电路以及反馈回路。在原边正激变换电路中,通过添加辅助绕组给控制芯片供电来降低损耗。在副边使用倍流整流电路,使得电感电流降低一半,使得该电路适合大电流的情形,避免了副边两个二极管电路造成的脉冲尖峰。在反馈回路中,通过使用软启动电路,降低电源启动瞬间反馈误差,使得占空比缓慢上升,提高了电路的稳定性。采用本发明的双管正激电路适合大电流的情形,效率高,稳定性好。

Description

一种双管正激开关电源电路
技术领域
本发明属于开关电源技术领域,具体设计为正激开关电源电路,特别是一种高效率高稳定性的双管正激开关电源电路。
背景技术
正激开关电源是一种通过变压器传递能量的常见的电源拓扑,不同于反激电路,其主要用于中等功率场合。按照变压器原边的功率开关管的个数不同,正激开关电源分为单管正激开关电源和双管正激开关电源。其中双管正激开关电源通过功率开关串联的二极管进行磁复位,不需要额外的复位电路,同时双管正激开关电源的功率开关电压应力等于输入电压,而单管正激电路开关管的电压应力为两倍输入电压。
现有的双管正激电路副边电路大都采用图1所示电路。当原边开关管开通时,电流从副边绕组同名端流出,流经D1,L1,负载,并给电容充电,当开关管断开时,D1电流减小,D2电流增大,直到变压器原边电压降为0。这一段时间内,副边形成短路电流,折合到原边,使得原边电流增大,出现脉冲尖峰。无论在开关管导通和关断期间,导通电流都流经整流二极管和续流二极管,并且电流较大,二极管上的损耗较大,在死区期间出现脉冲尖峰,不但增加二极管、电感的电压应力,也增加导通损耗。现有的双管正激电路的反馈回路大都采用电阻,电容和稳压管的方式给UC384X芯片供电,这种供电方式使得在电阻上的功率损耗较大,电阻发热较大,也影响电源传输效率。并且芯片的启动过程还是采用硬启动过程,这种启动过程会造成芯片的损伤,降低电路的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种双管正激开关电源电路,以解决当前双管正激开关电源效率低,稳定性差的问题。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明所述的一种双管正激开关电源电路,包括变压器原边的双管正激网络和副边倍流整流电路以及反馈回路。
所述的反馈回路包括TL431和光耦隔离电路,输出电压信号经分压网络接TL431输入端,TL431的一端接地,另一端接光耦,光耦输出端接UC3844的COMP端口,为控制芯片UC3844提供误差信号。UC3844的外接电路包括两个二极管,电容,电阻组成的软启动电路,所述的软启动电路使得开关电源的脉冲宽度在启动瞬间由窄变宽,输出电压慢慢上升。UC3844输出端接隔离驱动电路,控制芯片输出信号经过隔离驱动电路为两个开关管提供驱动信号。
所述的变压器原边的双管正激网络包括两个主开关管,UC3844的驱动信号经过隔离变压器后分成相同的两组信号,分别为所述的功率开关管提供驱动信号。包括一辅助绕组,所述的辅助绕组经过一滤波网络为UC3844提供供电电源。
所述的副边倍流整流电路包括两个储能电感,两个二极管和两个电容。变压器副边绕组的同名端和异名端各接一储能电感的异名端,储能电感的同名端接地。变压器副边绕组的同名端与储能电感的连接线和异名端与储能电感的连接线中各引出一端点接二极管的正向端,两个二极管汇合在接入两个并联电容的正级,两个并联电容的负极接地。
进一步的所述的功率开关管为GAN,为NPN型。
进一步所述的隔离变压器副边第一个线圈异名端接主变压器同名端,隔离变压器副边第二个线圈异名端接地。
进一步所述的电路包括过流保护电路,过流保护电路为第二个主开关管输出端接一小电阻,在电阻前端引出信号经过滤波电路接入UC3844的CS端口。
本发明在原边正激变换电路中,通过添加辅助绕组给控制芯片供电来降低损耗。在副边使用倍流整流电路,使得电感电流降低一半,使得该电路适合大电流的情形,避免了副边两个二极管电路造成的脉冲尖峰。在反馈回路中,通过使用软启动电路,降低电源启动瞬间反馈误差,使得占空比缓慢上升,提高了电路的稳定性。
本发明具有如下有益效果。
(1)本发明在原边增加辅助绕组,减少了之前由电阻、电容和稳压管组成的电路的损耗。
(2)在副边使用倍流整流电路,使得流过电感和二极管的电流为原来的一半,减少了电流和电压的纹波和脉冲尖峰,降低了副边电路带来的损耗。
(3)UC3844芯片的软启动提高了电路的稳定性,降低了启动过程对芯片的损耗。
(4)整体的双管正激倍流整流效率得到了提升。
附图说明
图1为传统双管正激副边电路图。
图2为本发明双管正激副边电路图。
图3为传统给控制芯片供电电路图。
图4为本发明给控制芯片供电电路图。
图5为本发明控制芯片软启动电路图。
图6为本发明变压器原边双管正激网络图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作一个更加详细的阐述。
图1为传统双管正激副边电路图。如图1所示,当原边开关管关断瞬间,由于原边电感的作用,原边变压器两端还存在正向电压,这导致D1二极管电流存在电流,D2电流逐渐上升,形成短路电流,电路电流折合到原边,形成原边电流关断瞬间的脉冲尖峰,并且二极管的电阻较大,造成在二极管的损耗较大,影响电源的效率。图2为本发明实施的双管正激副边电路图,如图2所示,当开关管开通时,电流总副边同名端流出,经过D1,C1//C2,L2,回到变压器副边异名端,L1电感续流,经过D1,然后到电容。当主开关管断开瞬间,电感L1续流,通过D1,到电容,电感L2续流,经过D2,到电容,当变压器原边电压为负时,电流从变压器副边异名端流出,经过D2,电容,L1,到变压器同名端,电感L2续流经过D2,到电容。可以看出,负载端的电流由电感L1,L2同时承担,电感电流为负载电流的一半,减小了电感的承受电流,也满足分散散热的要求,提高了电路的稳定性。同时电路在导通瞬间不存在短路问题,消除了导通瞬间的脉冲尖峰,提高了电路的效率。
图3为传统给控制芯片供电电路图,输入电压Vin经电阻,电容和稳压管给控制芯片供电,这点供电方式,电流始终通过电阻,造成电能的损耗。图4为分发明给控制芯片供电图,在刚开始几个周期,由传统供电方式给控制芯片供电,当电路导通后,辅助绕组Ls两端产生电压,二极管,滤波电路,电感给控制芯片供电开关管断开后,由电感和电容继续给芯片供电。这种控制方式减少了在电阻上的损耗,提高了电源的效率。
图5为控制芯片软启动电路图,图中两个二极管和与二极管连接的电容构成软启动电路图,当电源启动瞬间,反馈误差太差,会造成瞬间的冲击电流,所以需要减小启动瞬间的反馈误差,加入软启动电路,误差电流经电容泄放,这样就减小了反馈误差,提高了电路的稳定性。
综上,本发明包括变压器原边双管正激电路,副边倍流整流电路,反馈电路。图6为高效率高稳定性双管正激电路原理图,做成样品后表明,电源稳定性高,效率达到92%。

Claims (2)

1.一种双管正激开关电源电路,其特征是包括变压器原边的双管正激网络和副边倍流整流电路以及反馈回路;
所述的反馈回路包括TL431和光耦隔离电路,输出电压信号经分压网络接TL431输入端,TL431的一端接地,另一端接光耦,光耦输出端接UC3844的COMP端口,为控制芯片UC3844提供误差信号;UC3844的外接电路包括两个二极管,电容,电阻组成的软启动电路,所述的软启动电路使得开关电源的脉冲宽度在启动瞬间由窄变宽,输出电压慢慢上升;UC3844输出端接隔离驱动电路,控制芯片输出信号经过隔离驱动电路为两个主开关管提供驱动信号;
所述的变压器原边的双管正激网络包括两个主开关管,UC3844的驱动信号经过隔离变压器后分成相同的两组信号,分别为所述的两个主开关管提供驱动信号;包括一辅助绕组,所述的辅助绕组经过一滤波网络为UC3844提供供电电源;
所述的副边倍流整流电路包括两个储能电感、二极管D1、二极管D2和两个电容;变压器副边绕组的同名端和异名端各接一储能电感的异名端,储能电感的同名端接地;变压器副边绕组的同名端与储能电感的连接线和异名端与储能电感的连接线中各引出一端点分别接入二极管D1、二极管D2的正向端,两个二极管汇合再接入两个并联电容的正极,两个并联电容的负极接地;
所述的主开关管为GAN,为NPN型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双管正激开关电源电路,其特征是所述的隔离变压器副边第一个线圈异名端接主变压器同名端,隔离变压器副边第二个线圈异名端接地。
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