WO2022110274A1 - 一种磁场调制永磁电机损耗分析与抑制方法 - Google Patents
一种磁场调制永磁电机损耗分析与抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
- H02K21/028—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the magnetic circuit within the field or the armature, e.g. by using shunts, by adjusting the magnets position, by vectorial combination of field or armature sections
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the invention relates to a loss analysis and suppression method of a magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor, belongs to the field of motors, and is particularly suitable for motor systems requiring high torque and high efficiency, such as electric vehicles, ship propulsion and wind power generation.
- the direct-drive permanent magnet motor can save the intermediate transmission mechanism such as gearbox and has the advantages of high reliability, high efficiency and low vibration and noise.
- direct-drive permanent magnet motors have been used in various industries including electric vehicle in-wheel motors, large wind turbines and ship propulsion systems.
- the rapid development of electric vehicles, ship propulsion and wind power generation also requires higher and higher performance of motor systems.
- miniaturization and light weight are the development trends of electric vehicle drive motors.
- the torque density of the drive motor is the key.
- the in-wheel motor drive method installs the drive motor in the wheel, which can omit a large number of transmission components, make the vehicle structure simpler, and realize the advantages of a complex electric vehicle drive method.
- the narrow space in the wheel requires the motor to have a high torque density.
- various new permanent magnet motor structures such as double stator permanent magnet motors, double rotor permanent magnet motors, axial flux permanent magnet motors, and transverse flux permanent magnet motors.
- the magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor is a new type of permanent magnet motor, and its working principle is different from that of the conventional permanent magnet motor.
- Traditional permanent magnet motors only use a single magnetic field harmonic to generate torque, and there are a large number of useless magnetic field harmonics in the air gap that cannot be used to generate torque.
- the magnetic field modulated permanent magnet motor operates on the basis of the magnetic gear effect and can take advantage of various magnetic field harmonic components in the air gap, thus having the advantage of high torque density.
- the research results show that the torque density of the magnetic field modulated permanent magnet motor has obvious advantages compared with the conventional permanent magnet motor under the same conditions, and the structure of the magnetic field modulated permanent magnet motor adopts the torque boosting technology such as double rotor, double stator and axial magnetic flux.
- the structure of the permanent magnet motor is relatively simple, so it has received extensive attention in the direct drive permanent magnet motor system.
- the magnetic field harmonic content of the magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor is rich, among which various magnetic field harmonics can generate torque. Under the cooperative work of various magnetic field harmonic magnetic fields, the average torque of the motor can be greatly improved. But it is worth noting that the harmonic magnetic field of the magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor is rich, which will lead to the increase of the electromagnetic loss of the motor. The high loss of the motor will cause the temperature of the motor to rise, which will reduce the performance of the motor and shorten the service life of the motor. The rich magnetic field harmonics and the magnetic gear effect of the magnetic field modulated permanent magnet motor make it very difficult to carry out accurate loss analysis. On the other hand, simply suppressing the magnetic field harmonic content will result in a reduction in motor torque, losing the advantages of field-modulated permanent magnet motors.
- the rich magnetic field harmonics improve its torque density, but at the same time it will cause high losses to affect the performance and operation of the motor. Therefore, in addition to considering the torque density when designing a magnetic field modulated permanent magnet motor, its loss also needs to be studied.
- the purpose of the present invention is to propose a loss analysis and suppression method of the magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor in view of the deficiencies in the loss analysis and suppression of the existing magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor.
- the stator, rotor, permanent magnet and winding structure of the magnetic field modulated permanent magnet motor the magnetomotive force and permeance model are established, and the magnetic field harmonic distribution of the armature winding and the permanent magnet air gap is deduced; the order, frequency and magnetic field harmonics are analyzed.
- Rotation characteristics determine whether each magnetic field harmonics can contribute to torque and loss; calculate the contribution of each magnetic field harmonics to torque and loss, and find out the high-hazard magnetic field harmonics that generate loss but not torque .
- the invention analyzes the action mechanism of the magnetic field harmonics of the magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor on the loss, can quantitatively calculate the contribution value of the magnetic field harmonics to the loss and torque, and at the same time can directionally suppress the high-harm magnetic field harmonics, so as to ensure the high torque of the motor Loss suppression effect under the premise of density.
- the motor of the present invention is realized by adopting the following technical solutions: a loss analysis and suppression method of a magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor, comprising the following steps:
- Step 1 Ignore the magnetic field generated by the armature winding on the stator and the cogging structure on the stator, and only consider the magnetic flux path formed by the permanent magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet on the rotor; according to the symmetry and periodicity of the rotor magnetic circuit, select the rotor structure
- the basic unit establishes the permanent magnet magnetomotive force expression
- Step 2 Ignore the permanent magnet magnetic field on the rotor, only consider the cogging structure on the stator and the connection and energization mode of the armature windings, establish the magnetomotive force expression of the armature windings of each phase in turn, and calculate the magnetomotive force of the armature windings of each phase.
- the mathematical expressions are added together to obtain the synthetic armature winding magnetomotive force expression considering the stator cogging effect;
- Step 3 Considering the unequal magnetic permeability of the teeth and slots on the stator on the circumference of the motor air gap, select the basic unit of the tooth and slot structure on the stator, and establish the stator permeability expression;
- Step 4 The permanent magnets on the rotor are attached to the rotor core, and the permeance of the rotor core does not change with time and space as a constant, and the stator and rotor permeance expressions can be obtained by multiplying the stator permeance and the rotor permeance;
- Step 5 Multiply the permanent magnet magnetomotive force, the stator and rotor permeability and the permeability coefficient to obtain the permanent magnet air gap flux density expression
- Step 6 Multiply the magnetomotive force of the synthetic armature winding considering the stator cogging effect and the permeance of the rotor to obtain the expression of the air-gap flux density of the armature winding;
- Step 7 Identify the harmonics of the air gap flux density that can contribute to the average torque and those that cannot contribute to the average torque; analyze and compare the order and rotational speed of the harmonic components of the permanent magnet air gap flux density and the armature winding air gap flux density, When the speed and order of the two magnetic density harmonics are equal, the magnetic density harmonic can contribute to the average torque for the working wave, otherwise it cannot contribute to the average torque for the non-working wave;
- Step 8 Identify the air-gap flux density harmonics that contribute to the average torque and those that cannot contribute to the average torque; analyze the permanent magnet air-gap flux density and the armature winding air-gap flux density harmonics relative to the rotor rotational speed, which is equal to the rotor rotational speed The magnetic density harmonics do not generate rotor loss, and the magnetic density harmonics that are not equal to the rotation speed of the rotor generate rotor loss; the rotor loss is calculated by the calculation formula of rotor core loss and permanent magnet eddy current loss;
- Step 9 For the air-gap flux density harmonics that generate losses but do not contribute to the average torque, design several magnetic flux barriers on the motor rotor to increase the reluctance on the magnetic flux path of the armature windings that generate high-hazard magnetic field harmonics, so that Reduce the content of high-hazard harmonics to ensure that the air-gap flux density harmonics contributing to the average torque are not affected.
- F PMn is the Fourier coefficient
- ⁇ is the circumferential position of the motor air gap
- P r is the number of pole pairs of the rotor permanent magnet
- n is a positive odd number.
- step 2 if it is a five-phase centralized winding, the five-phase windings are successively passed into sinusoidal currents with a mutual difference of ⁇ /5 electrical angle, and the synthetic armature winding magnetomotive force F aq ( ⁇ , t considering the stator cogging effect) ) expression is:
- F aq is the magnitude of the magnetomotive force of the armature winding
- N is the number of turns of each set of windings
- I max is the amplitude of the alternating current
- ⁇ PM is the rotational speed of the stator relative to the rotor and the permanent magnet
- q is the magnetic force of the armature winding.
- Potential harmonic order P r is the number of pole pairs of the rotor permanent magnet
- r is a positive integer
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the coordinate positions 1 and 2 on both sides of the first stator split tooth of phase A, the difference between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 The value is the width of a split tooth
- t is the time.
- step 3 the expression of the stator permeance ⁇ s ( ⁇ , t) is:
- ⁇ 0 and ⁇ k are the Fourier coefficients, k is a positive integer, ⁇ PM is the rotational speed of the stator relative to the rotor and the permanent magnet, ⁇ 0 is the initial position of the rotor, and N s is the number of stator teeth;
- step 4 the permanent magnets on the rotor are attached to the rotor core, and the rotor magnetic permeability ⁇ or ( ⁇ , t) is expressed as:
- ⁇ r1 is the rotor flux
- step 5 the permanent magnetic air gap flux density B PM ( ⁇ , t) is expressed as:
- F PMn is the Fourier coefficient
- g is the equivalent air gap thickness
- ⁇ 0 is the vacuum permeability
- step 6 the armature winding air gap flux density B or ( ⁇ , t) is expressed as:
- step 7 is:
- Step 7.1 The permanent magnet air gap flux density contains two types of flux density harmonics: the order is nP r , the rotational speed is 0, the angular frequency is 0, the order is
- , and the rotational speed is kN s ⁇ PM / (P r ⁇ kN s ), angular frequency kN s f_ PM ; the armature winding flux density contains two types of flux density harmonics: order is q 10r-9, rotational speed is (qP r ) ⁇ PM /q, angular frequency is
- f_ PM , the order is q 10r-1, the rotational speed is (q+P r ) ⁇ PM /q, and the angular frequency is
- Step 7.2 The average torque contributed by harmonics with the same order and rotational speed is calculated as:
- B v is the magnetic density amplitude of the permanent magnet air gap of the v order
- a Wv is the electric load harmonic amplitude of the v order
- D ri is the diameter of the air gap
- a is the axial length of the motor
- ⁇ v is The phase angle between the v-order permanent magnet air-gap flux density harmonics and the electrical load harmonics, the average torque of the magnetic field-modulated permanent magnet motor can be obtained by adding the average torques contributed by the air-gap flux density harmonics;
- the electrical load harmonic A Wv can be expressed as:
- m is the number of phases of the motor armature winding
- kwv is the winding factor of the v order
- N is the number of turns of the motor winding
- I max is the amplitude of the alternating current passing through the armature winding.
- step 8 select the representative points on the rotor core and the permanent magnet, use the finite element method to calculate the change of the magnetic density of the representative point with time, and determine the representative point according to the change period of the armature current and the space change period of the permanent magnet.
- the period of the point magnetic density changing with time, the harmonic analysis is performed on the representative point magnetic density, and the amplitude, order and angular frequency of each magnetic density harmonic are calculated:
- Step 8.1 Calculate the permanent magnet eddy current loss and rotor core loss of the motor according to the amplitude, order and angular frequency of each magnetic density harmonic at the representative point.
- the calculation formula of the permanent magnet eddy current loss is:
- a, b and d are the axial length, width and thickness of the permanent magnet, respectively, ⁇ is the electrical conductivity of the permanent magnet, ⁇ k is the magnetic density harmonic rotation speed of order k, and B PMk is the order of The magnetic density harmonic amplitude of k;
- Step 8.2 The core loss calculation formula is:
- a e is the core eddy current loss coefficient
- a h is the core hysteresis loss coefficient
- f k is the alternating frequency of the k-order magnetic density harmonic
- B Corek is the k-order rotor core magnetic density amplitude.
- step 9 compare the angular frequency of the magnetic density harmonics of the permanent magnet and the rotor core with the angular frequency of the armature winding and the air gap magnetic density of the permanent magnet, and determine the permanent magnet and the The rotor core magnetic density is generated by which air-gap magnetic density harmonics, and then calculate the permanent magnet and iron core losses generated by each air-gap magnetic density harmonic, and identify the air-gap magnetic density harmonics that generate a lot of losses without contributing to the average torque Wave Components:
- Step 9.1 Design P r magnetic flux barriers on the motor rotor.
- the calculation formula of the motor rotor magnetic permeability ⁇ pr ( ⁇ , t) is:
- ⁇ is the width of the magnetic flux barrier
- ⁇ 1 is the rotor permeability amplitude
- T is twice the pole pitch of the permanent magnet
- Step 9.2 After designing P r magnetic flux barriers on the rotor, the calculation formula of the air gap flux density harmonics of the armature winding is:
- the present invention establishes a magnetomotive force and a magnetic permeability model according to the stator, rotor, permanent magnet and winding structure of a magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor, and derives the harmonic distribution of the armature winding and the permanent magnetic air gap magnetic field; by analyzing the magnetic field harmonics
- the order, frequency and rotation characteristics can quickly determine whether each magnetic field harmonic can contribute to the torque loss. It avoids the blindness of the traditional parameter scanning analysis and design method, points out the direction for the loss analysis and suppression of the magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor, reduces the workload of motor design, and shortens the optimization design cycle of the motor.
- the present invention constructs the conversion mechanism of air gap flux density harmonics and permanent magnet and rotor core harmonic flux density, establishes an analysis and calculation model based on the harmonic angle of permanent magnet and rotor core loss, and can analyze and calculate each air gap flux density.
- the contribution value of the dense harmonics to the loss can be determined, and the high-hazard magnetic field harmonics that only generate loss but do not contribute to the torque can be identified, which lays a solid foundation for realizing the loss suppression under the premise of ensuring the motor torque density.
- the present invention establishes a rotor permeability model considering the rotor magnetic flux barrier, analyzes the action mechanism of the magnetic flux barrier on the rotor on the harmonics of the armature winding, and proposes an optimal design method for the rotor magnetic flux barrier, which can be used without affecting the contribution torque.
- the harmonics of the motor it can effectively suppress the harmonics of the armature winding with high hazard, so as to reduce the loss while ensuring the high torque density of the motor.
- the magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor designed by the loss analysis and suppression method of the present invention has better torque performance and lower loss.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an object of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a basic unit of a rotor structure and a permanent magnet magnetomotive force without a magnetic flux barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is the connection schematic diagram of the armature winding of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetomotive force of each phase armature winding according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a basic unit of a stator cogging structure and a stator flux guide according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a rotor flux permeance without a magnetic flux barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is the harmonic analysis of the magnetic density of the permanent magnetic air gap without the magnetic flux barrier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is the harmonic analysis of the air gap magnetic density of the armature winding without the magnetic flux barrier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is the contribution of the air gap magnetic density harmonics to the average torque without the magnetic flux barrier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the basic unit of the rotor structure and the rotor magnetic permeability under the magnetic flux barrier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a comparison of average torque and torque ripple with or without a flux barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the object of the embodiment of the present invention is a five-phase magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor, including a motor stator 1 and a motor rotor 2.
- An air gap 4 is provided between the motor stator 1 and the motor rotor 2, and the motor stator 1 is wound on the top.
- the armature winding 3 is made; the motor stator 1 contains 20 stator teeth 11, each stator tooth 11 is split into 2 split teeth 13, and each split tooth 13 has split slots 12 on both sides, and there are a total of 40 on the motor stator 1.
- a method for analyzing and suppressing loss of a magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor characterized in that it includes the following steps:
- Step 1 Ignore the magnetic field generated by the armature winding on the stator and the cogging structure on the stator, and only consider the magnetic flux path formed by the permanent magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet on the rotor; according to the symmetry and periodicity of the rotor magnetic circuit, select the rotor structure
- the basic unit establishes the permanent magnet magnetomotive force expression
- Step 2 Ignore the permanent magnet magnetic field on the rotor, only consider the cogging structure on the stator and the connection and energization mode of the armature windings, establish the magnetomotive force expression of the armature windings of each phase in turn, and calculate the magnetomotive force of the armature windings of each phase.
- the mathematical expressions are added together to obtain the synthetic armature winding magnetomotive force expression considering the stator cogging effect;
- Step 3 Considering the unequal magnetic permeability of the teeth and slots on the stator on the circumference of the motor air gap, select the basic unit of the tooth and slot structure on the stator, and establish the stator permeability expression;
- Step 4 The permanent magnets on the rotor are attached to the rotor core, and the permeance of the rotor core does not change with time and space as a constant.
- the rotor permeance is shown in Figure 6.
- the stator and rotor permeance can be expressed by multiplying the stator and rotor permeance. Mode;
- Step 5 Multiply the permanent magnet magnetomotive force, the stator and rotor permeability and the permeability coefficient to obtain the permanent magnet air gap flux density expression:
- Step 6 Multiply the magnetomotive force of the synthetic armature winding considering the stator cogging effect and the permeance of the rotor to obtain the expression of the air-gap flux density of the armature winding;
- Step 7 Identify the harmonics of the air gap flux density that can contribute to the average torque and those that cannot contribute to the average torque; analyze and compare the order and rotational speed of the harmonic components of the permanent magnet air gap flux density and the armature winding air gap flux density, When the speed and order of the two magnetic density harmonics are equal, the magnetic density harmonic can contribute to the average torque for the working wave, otherwise it cannot contribute to the average torque for the non-working wave;
- Step 8 Identify the air-gap flux density harmonics that contribute to the average torque and those that cannot contribute to the average torque; analyze the permanent magnet air-gap flux density and the armature winding air-gap flux density harmonics relative to the rotor rotational speed, which is equal to the rotor rotational speed
- the magnetic density harmonics of 2000 do not produce rotor loss, and the magnetic density harmonics that are not equal to the rotation speed of the rotor produce rotor loss; the rotor loss is calculated by the calculation formula of rotor core loss and permanent magnet eddy current loss.
- Step 9 For the air-gap flux density harmonics that generate losses but do not contribute to the average torque, design several magnetic flux barriers on the motor rotor to increase the reluctance on the magnetic flux path of the armature windings that generate high-hazard magnetic field harmonics, so that Reduce the content of high-hazard harmonics to ensure that the air-gap flux density harmonics contributing to the average torque are not affected.
- Step 1 The expression of permanent magnet magnetomotive force F PM ( ⁇ ) is:
- F PMn is the Fourier coefficient
- ⁇ is the circumferential position of the motor air gap
- P r is the number of pole pairs of the rotor permanent magnet
- n is a positive odd number.
- Step 2 It is a five-phase centralized winding, and the A, B, C, D, E five-phase windings are sequentially passed into sinusoidal currents with a mutual difference of ⁇ /5 electrical angle as follows:
- N is the number of turns of each set of windings
- I max is the amplitude of the alternating current
- ⁇ PM is the rotational speed of the stator relative to the rotor and the permanent magnet
- q is the armature winding magnetomotive force harmonic order
- r is a positive integer
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the coordinate positions 1 and 2 on both sides of the first stator split tooth of phase A
- the difference between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 is the width of one split tooth
- ⁇ 0 is the initial position of the rotor
- t is the time.
- Step 3 As shown in Figure 5, the stator permeability expression is:
- ⁇ 0 and ⁇ k are the Fourier coefficients, k is a positive integer, ⁇ PM is the rotational speed of the stator relative to the rotor and the permanent magnet, ⁇ 0 is the initial position of the rotor, and N s is the number of stator teeth;
- Step 4 The permanent magnets on the rotor are attached to the rotor core.
- the rotor magnetic permeability ⁇ or ( ⁇ , t) is expressed as:
- ⁇ r1 is the rotor permeance.
- Step 5 The permanent magnetic air gap flux density B PM ( ⁇ , t) is expressed as:
- F PMn is the Fourier coefficient
- g is the equivalent air gap thickness
- ⁇ 0 is the vacuum permeability
- Step 6 The expression of the armature winding air gap flux density B or ( ⁇ , t) is:
- step 7 is:
- the permanent magnet air gap flux density contains two types of flux density harmonics: the order is nP r , the rotational speed is 0, the angular frequency is 0, the order is
- , the rotational speed is is kN s ⁇ PM /(P r ⁇ kN s ), the angular frequency kN s f_ PM ; as shown in Figure 8, the armature winding flux density includes two types of flux density harmonics: the order is q 10r-9, the rotational speed is (qP r ) ⁇ PM /q, the angular frequency is
- f_ PM , the order is q 10r-1, the rotational speed is (q+P r ) ⁇ PM /q, and the angular frequency is
- f_PM is the permanent magnet frequency
- Step 7.2 The average torque contributed by harmonics with the same order and rotational speed is calculated as:
- B v is the magnetic density amplitude of the permanent magnet air gap of the v order
- a Wv is the electric load harmonic amplitude of the v order
- D ri is the diameter of the air gap
- a is the axial length of the motor
- ⁇ v is The phase angle between the v-order permanent magnet air-gap flux density harmonics and the electrical load harmonics.
- the average torque of the magnetic field-modulated permanent magnet motor can be obtained by summing the average torques contributed by the harmonics of the air-gap flux density, as shown in Figure 9.
- the electrical load harmonic A Wv can be expressed as:
- m is the number of phases of the motor armature winding
- kwv is the winding factor of the v order
- N is the number of turns of the motor winding
- I max is the amplitude of the alternating current passing through the armature winding.
- step 8 is as follows. Select the representative points on the rotor core and permanent magnet, and use the finite element method to calculate the variation of the magnetic density of the representative points with time, as shown in Figures 10(a) and 11(a). According to the change period of the armature current and the space change period of the permanent magnet, the period of the magnetic density of the representative point changing with time is determined, and the harmonic analysis of the magnetic density of the representative point is carried out to calculate the amplitude, order and angular frequency of the harmonics of each magnetic density. As shown in Figures 10(b) and 11(b).
- Step 8.1 The calculation formula of permanent magnet eddy current loss is:
- a, b and d are the axial length, width and thickness of the permanent magnet, respectively, ⁇ is the electrical conductivity of the permanent magnet, ⁇ k is the magnetic density harmonic rotation speed of order k, and B PMk is the order of The magnetic density harmonic amplitude of k.
- the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet of the motor can be calculated by substituting the amplitude, order and angular frequency of each magnetic density harmonic at the representative point of the permanent magnet, as shown in Figure 12(a).
- Step 8.2 The core loss calculation formula is:
- a e is the core eddy current loss coefficient
- a h is the core hysteresis loss coefficient
- f k is the alternating frequency of the k-order magnetic density harmonic
- B Corek is the k-order rotor core magnetic density amplitude.
- the rotor core loss of the motor can be calculated by substituting the amplitude, order and angular frequency of each magnetic density harmonic at the representative point of the rotor core, as shown in Figure 12(b).
- step 9 the specific calculation method of step 9 is as follows. Compare the angular frequency of the magnetic density harmonics of the permanent magnet and rotor core with the angular frequency of the magnetic density harmonics of the armature winding and the permanent magnet air gap, and determine which air gaps the magnetic density of the permanent magnet and the rotor core is composed of by the difference of the angular frequency of each harmonic. The magnetic density harmonics are generated, and then the permanent magnet and iron core losses generated by the air gap magnetic density harmonics are calculated. Identify the harmonic components of the air gap flux density that generate significant losses without contributing to the average torque.
- Step 9.1 Design P r magnetic flux barriers on the rotor of the motor (Fig. 13). At this time, the calculation formula of the magnetic permeability of the rotor of the motor is:
- ⁇ 1 is the rotor permeability amplitude
- T is twice the pole pitch of the permanent magnet.
- Step 9.2 After designing P r magnetic flux barriers on the rotor, the calculation formula of the air gap flux density harmonics of the armature winding is:
- FIG. 14 is the harmonic analysis of the air-gap flux density of the armature winding with or without the magnetic flux barrier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the designed rotor flux barrier structure effectively suppresses the generation of high-harm harmonics (1st harmonic), while other harmonics are basically unaffected.
- FIG. 15 is a comparison of the loss of the permanent magnet and the rotor core with or without the magnetic flux barrier in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a comparison of average torque and torque ripple with or without a flux barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiment of the present invention can suppress the loss on the premise of ensuring the torque density of the motor.
- the present invention discloses a loss analysis and suppression method of a magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor.
- the stator, rotor, permanent magnet and winding structure of the magnetic field modulated permanent magnet motor According to the stator, rotor, permanent magnet and winding structure of the magnetic field modulated permanent magnet motor, the magnetomotive force and permeance model are established, and the magnetic field harmonic distribution of the armature winding and the permanent magnet air gap is deduced; the order, frequency and magnetic field harmonics are analyzed.
- Rotation characteristics determine whether each magnetic field harmonic can contribute to torque and loss; calculate the contribution value of each magnetic field harmonic to torque and loss, and find out the high-hazard magnetic field harmonic that only produces loss but not torque Wave.
- the invention analyzes the action mechanism of the magnetic field harmonics of the magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor on the loss, can quantitatively calculate the contribution value of the magnetic field harmonics to the loss and torque, and at the same time can directionally suppress the high-harm magnetic field harmonics, so as to ensure the high torque of the motor Loss suppression effect under the premise of density.
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- 一种磁场调制永磁电机损耗分析与抑制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤1:忽略定子上电枢绕组产生磁场和定子上齿槽结构,仅考虑转子上永磁体产生的永磁磁场形成的磁通路径;根据转子磁路的对称性与周期性,选择出转子结构基本单元,建立永磁磁动势表达式;步骤2:忽略转子上永磁磁场,仅考虑定子上齿槽结构和电枢绕组连接及通电方式,依次建立各相电枢绕组的磁动势表达式,将各相电枢绕组的磁动势数学表达式相加,得到考虑定子齿槽效应的合成电枢绕组磁动势表达式;步骤3:考虑定子上齿和槽在电机气隙圆周上磁导不等特性,选择定子上齿槽结构基本单元,建立定子磁导表达式;步骤4:转子上永磁体表贴于转子铁心上,转子铁心的磁导不随时间空间变化为常数,将定子磁导与转子磁导相乘可得到定转子磁导表达式;步骤5:将永磁磁动势、定转子磁导与磁导系数相乘得到永磁气隙磁密表达式;步骤6:将考虑定子齿槽效应的合成电枢绕组磁动势与转子磁导相乘得到电枢绕组气隙磁密表达式;步骤7:辨别能贡献平均转矩和不能贡献平均转矩的气隙磁密谐波;分析对比永磁气隙磁密和电枢绕组气隙磁密的谐波成分的阶次和旋转速度,当二者磁密谐波的速度和阶次均相等时,该磁密谐波为工作波可以贡献平均转矩,否则为非工作波不能贡献平均转矩;步骤8:辨别贡献平均转矩和不能贡献平均转矩的气隙磁密谐波;分析永磁气隙磁密与电枢绕组气隙磁密谐波相对转子的旋转速度,与转子旋转速度相等的磁密谐波不产生转子损耗,与转子旋转速度不等的磁密谐波产生转子损耗;利用转子铁心损耗和永磁体涡流损耗计算公式计算转子损耗;步骤9:针对产生损耗而不贡献平均转矩的气隙磁密谐波,在电机转子上设计若干磁通屏障,增加电枢绕组产生高危害磁场谐波的磁通路径上的磁阻,以降低高危害谐波含量,保证贡献平均转矩的气隙磁密谐波不受影响。
- 根据权利要求4所述一种磁场调制永磁电机损耗分析与抑制方法,其特征在于,步骤7的具体过程为:步骤7.1:永磁气隙磁密包含两类磁密谐波:阶次为nP r、转速为0、角频率为0,阶次为|nP r±kN s|、转速为kN sω PM/(P r±kN s)、角频率kN sf_ PM;电枢绕组磁密包含两类磁密谐波:阶次为q=10r-9、转速为(q-P r)ω PM/q、角频率为|q-P r|f_ PM,阶次为q=10r-1、转速为(q+P r)ω PM/q、角频率为|q+P r|f_ PM,其中,f_ PM为永磁体频率,根据气隙磁密谐波和电枢绕组磁密谐波公式确定具有相同阶次和旋转速度的谐波;步骤7.2:具有相同阶次和旋转速度的谐波贡献的平均转矩的计算公式为:式中:B v为v阶次的永磁气隙磁密幅值,A Wv为v阶次的电负荷谐波幅值,D ri为气隙直径,a为电机轴向长度,θ v为v阶次永磁气隙磁密谐波和电负荷谐波的相位夹角,将各次气隙磁密谐波贡献的平均转矩相加可得到磁场调制永磁电机的平均转矩;电负荷谐波A Wv可以表示为:A Wv=m(Nk wv)I max/(πD ri)式中:m为电机电枢绕组相数,k wv为v阶次的绕组因数,N为电机绕组匝数,I max为通入电枢绕组交流电流的幅值。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种磁场调制永磁电机损耗分析与抑制方法,其特征在于,步骤8的具体过程为:选择转子铁心和永磁体上的代表点,利用有限元法计算得到代表点磁密随时间的变化情况,根据电枢电流变化周期和永磁体空间变化周期确定代表点磁密随时间变化的周期,对代表点磁密进行谐波分析,计算各次磁密谐波的幅值、阶次和角频率:步骤8.1:根据代表点的各次磁密谐波的幅值、阶次和角频率计算得到电机永磁体涡流损耗和转子铁心损耗,永磁体涡流损耗计算公式为:式中,a、b和d分别为永磁体的轴向长度、宽度和厚度,σ为永磁体的电导率,ω k是阶次为k的磁密谐波旋转速度,B PMk是阶次为k的磁密谐波幅值;步骤8.2:铁心损耗计算公式为:式中,A e是铁心涡流损耗系数,A h是铁心磁滞损耗系数,f k是k阶次磁密谐波的交变频率,B Corek是k阶次转子铁心磁密的幅值。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种磁场调制永磁电机损耗分析与抑制方法,其特征在于,步骤9的具体过程如下:对比永磁体和转子铁心磁密谐波与电枢绕组和永磁体气隙磁密谐波的角频率,通过各次谐波角频率的差异判断出永磁体和转子铁心磁密是由哪些气隙磁密谐波生成,进而计算出各次气隙磁密谐波产生的永磁体和铁心损耗,明确产生大量损耗而不贡献平均转矩的气隙磁密谐波成分:步骤9.1:在电机转子上设计P r个磁通屏障,此时,电机转子磁导Λ pr(θ,t)计算公式为:式中,λ为磁通屏障宽度,Λ 1是转子磁导幅值,T为两倍的永磁体的极距;步骤9.2:转子上设计了P r个磁通屏障后,电枢绕组气隙磁密谐波的计算公式为:优化磁通屏障宽度和长度,增加电枢绕组产生高危害磁场谐波的磁通路径上的磁阻,以降低高危害谐波含量,同时保证贡献平均转矩的气隙磁密谐波不受影响。
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