WO2022100029A1 - 一种旋挖钻机用钻头 - Google Patents

一种旋挖钻机用钻头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022100029A1
WO2022100029A1 PCT/CN2021/091117 CN2021091117W WO2022100029A1 WO 2022100029 A1 WO2022100029 A1 WO 2022100029A1 CN 2021091117 W CN2021091117 W CN 2021091117W WO 2022100029 A1 WO2022100029 A1 WO 2022100029A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drill
opening
barrel body
drill bit
rotary drilling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/091117
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
仰宗录
陈小文
朱怡
朱黎明
吴宁林
谢义
王曦
李冬
陈强
李宣
刘永丽
Original Assignee
中铁四局集团建筑工程有限公司
中铁四局集团有限公司
无锡市鑫良机械设备制造有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 中铁四局集团建筑工程有限公司, 中铁四局集团有限公司, 无锡市鑫良机械设备制造有限公司 filed Critical 中铁四局集团建筑工程有限公司
Priority to EP21769322.5A priority Critical patent/EP4026982B1/de
Publication of WO2022100029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022100029A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/003—Drilling with mechanical conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
    • E02D5/30—Prefabricated piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B27/00—Containers for collecting or depositing substances in boreholes or wells, e.g. bailers, baskets or buckets for collecting mud or sand; Drill bits with means for collecting substances, e.g. valve drill bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of drill bits for drilling pile construction, in particular to a drill bit for a rotary drilling rig.
  • pile foundations are widely used in subway construction, stations, airports and housing construction due to their large bearing capacity and stable structure. , it needs to be cleaned in time to ensure the continuous working ability of the drill bit.
  • the commonly used slag discharge methods are: rotate the drill pipe forward and reverse rapidly, drive the drill bit, and use centrifugal force to throw out the slag; use the fast retractable main cable to shake out the slag in the drill bit.
  • the rapid rotation of the drill pipe will generate huge noise, and for the cohesive soil layer, the slag is difficult to be thrown out, resulting in low efficiency; long-term shaking of the main cable will accelerate the aging of the cable.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a drill bit for a rotary drilling rig, which does not need to use cables to discharge slag, and can effectively avoid noise pollution caused by construction and improve work efficiency.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a drill bit for a rotary drilling rig includes a drill barrel, the upper end of the drill barrel is provided with a connecting portion, and the lower end is provided with a cutting portion, the drill barrel includes a drill barrel body and an opening and closing barrel skin, the drill barrel body is provided along the The side wall is provided with a slot in the longitudinal direction, the open end of the slot is located on the bottom end face of the drill barrel body, the opening and closing barrel skin is arranged at the slot, and the top of the opening and closing barrel skin rotates with the drill barrel body connection; the cutting part has a first connection end and a second connection end arranged oppositely, and the first connection end is rotatably connected with the bottom of the opening and closing cylinder skin.
  • the top of the opening and closing barrel is pivotally connected to the drill barrel body through a first hinge; the first connecting end is pivotally connected to the bottom of the opening and closing barrel through a second hinge.
  • a pressing rod is axially penetrated through the inside of the drill barrel body, the top of the pressing rod is fixedly connected with the connecting part, and the bottom of the pressing rod is provided with a hooking piece, and the hooking piece is connected with the second
  • the connecting end is clamped;
  • the pressure rod inside the drill barrel body is provided with a first limit block for limiting the up and down displacement of the pressure rod;
  • a collar is sleeved on the outer circumference of the top of the pressure rod, and the collar is connected to
  • a compression spring is sleeved on the compression rod between the collar and the first limit block.
  • the cutting part includes an upper chassis, a cutting disc disposed directly below the upper chassis, and a centering tube penetrating the center of the upper chassis and the cutting disc.
  • the upper chassis is fixedly connected to the centering tube, The cutting disc rotates around the centering tube; the upper chassis and the cutting disc both have symmetrically arranged notches; a toothed disc is fixed on the lower end surface of the cutting disc, and the toothed disc includes a toothed disc seat and a toothed disc The pick on the disc seat; the second hinge is connected to the upper chassis at the first connection end.
  • the chainring includes a first chainring and a second chainring arranged radially symmetrically about the centering tube, and a third chainring fixed at the center of the lower end face of the upper chassis; wherein, the The first toothed plate is provided with a first tooth with the same orientation, the second toothed plate is provided with a second tooth in the same direction, and the third toothed plate is provided with two different orientations.
  • the orientations of the first pick, the second pick and the third pick are all different; the position of the third pick is lower than that of the first pick and the second pick.
  • the hooking piece includes a joint hinge and a hook, the joint hinge is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the pressure rod, and the hook is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the joint hinge;
  • the upper end face of the chassis is provided with a door-shaped frame, and the door-shaped frame is clamped with the tip of the hook.
  • a torsion block is provided on the edge of the upper end face of the upper chassis on both sides of the door frame; a clamping gap is formed at the bottom end of the drill barrel body, and the clamping gap is covered with a guard edge the beading strip has a profile to accommodate the torsion block.
  • the inner walls on both sides of the slot of the drill barrel body are provided with two second limit blocks
  • the outer walls on both sides of the opening and closing barrel are provided with third limit blocks
  • the The second limit block and the third limit block are arranged in a staggered engagement with each other.
  • the connecting portion includes an upper plate fixedly connected with the top end of the drill barrel body, a square head is fixed on the upper end surface of the upper plate, and a square opening is opened inside the square head.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention has a novel structure, the opening and closing cylinder skin and the cutting part form an eccentric L-shaped structure, and the opening and closing cylinder skin is automatically affected by gravity when the door frame and the hook are separated.
  • the main body of the drill pipe is separated, so that the mud and slag can fall automatically, and the slag can be quickly discharged for different soil layers, and the application range is wide;
  • the invention can be connected and adapted with the original drilling rig, saving costs and improving economic benefits;
  • the main body of the drill pipe can be opened and closed.
  • the second limit block and the third limit block staggered at the joint of the cylinder skin can limit the position accurately and reduce the collision and friction between the two during construction.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the exploded view of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of cutting part in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting portion in the present invention.
  • 2-connecting part 21-upper plate, 22-square head, 221-square opening, 23-rib plate, 24-L-shaped hoop,
  • 3-cutting part 31-first connecting end, 32-second connecting end, 33-upper chassis, 34-cutting plate, 35-sprocket, 351-first sprocket, 352-second sprocket, 353-third chainring, 36-centering tube, 37-torsion block, 38-door frame,
  • 6-Press rod 61-Hook, 611-Joint hinge, 6111-First joint unit, 6112-Second joint unit, 612-Hook, 62-Pressure spring, 63-First limit block, 64- Collar.
  • a drill bit for a rotary drilling rig includes a drill barrel 1, the upper end of the drill barrel 1 is provided with a connecting portion 2, and the lower end is provided with a cutting portion 3.
  • 1 includes a drill barrel body 11 and an opening and closing barrel skin 12.
  • the drill barrel body 11 is provided with a notch along the longitudinal direction of its side wall.
  • the opening and closing barrel 12 is arranged at the slot, and the top of the opening and closing barrel 12 is movably connected with the drill barrel body 11 through the first hinge 4; the cutting portion 3 has a first connecting end arranged oppositely.
  • the drill barrel body 11 has a pressing rod 6 axially extending through its inner side wall, the top of the pressing rod 6 is fixedly connected with the connecting part 2 , and the bottom of the pressing rod 6 is provided with a hooking member 61 , and the hooking member 61 It is clipped with the second connection end 32 . It should be noted that, the first hinge 4, the second hinge 5 and the hook member 61 all rotate on the same plane.
  • Two second limiting blocks 112 are provided on the inner walls of the two sides of the slot of the drill barrel body 11
  • third limiting blocks 121 are provided on the outer walls on both sides of the opening and closing barrel skin 12 .
  • the positioning block 112 and the third limiting block 121 are interdigitated and arranged, which is helpful for the precise alignment between the drill barrel body 11 and the opening and closing barrel skin 12 and reduces the collision and friction between the two.
  • a collar 64 is provided on the outer periphery of the top of the pressure rod 6, and one side of the collar 64 is fixedly connected with the connecting part 2.
  • the collar 64 helps prevent the pressure rod 6 from moving up and down without lateral deflection. shift.
  • the middle of the pressure rod 6 is provided with a first limit block 63 for preventing excessive upward displacement of the pressure rod 6, the first limit block 63 abuts against the bottom end of the connecting portion 2; the first limit block 63 helps In order to prevent the compression spring 62 from rebounding, the compression rod 6 is ejected due to excessive upward force.
  • a compression spring 62 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the pressing rod 6 between the first limiting block 63 and the collar 64 , and the pressing spring 62 helps the pressing rod 6 to return quickly after being pressed down.
  • a hooking member 61 is connected to the bottom end of the pressing rod 6, and the hooking member 61 includes a joint hinge 611 and a hook 612.
  • the joint hinge 611 includes a first joint unit 6111 and a second joint unit 6112, wherein the first joint The joint unit 6111 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the pressing rod 6 , the second joint unit 6112 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the first joint unit 6111 , and the hook 612 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the second joint unit 6112 .
  • the cutting part 3 includes an upper chassis 33, a cutting plate 34 disposed directly below the upper chassis 33, and a centering tube 36 penetrating the center of the upper chassis 33 and the cutting plate 34; the upper chassis 33 and the cutting plate 34
  • the cutting discs 34 all have symmetrical notches and are in the shape of a bow; wherein, the upper chassis 33 is restricted from rotating in a plane by the second hinge 5, the cutting discs 34 are rotatably connected with the centering tube 36, 34 can be rotated until the gap with the upper chassis 33 is closed; a toothed plate 35 is fixed on the lower end surface of the cutting plate 34, and the toothed plate 35 includes a toothed plate seat and a pick set on the toothed plate seat;
  • the two hinges 5 are connected to the upper chassis 33 at the first connecting end 31 .
  • a door frame 38 is provided on the upper end surface of the upper chassis 33 at the second connection end 32 , and the door frame 38 is clamped with the tip of the hook 612 .
  • a torsion block 37 is provided on the edge of the upper end surface of the upper chassis (33) on both sides of the door frame 38; the bottom end of the drill barrel body 11 is provided with a clamping gap 111, and the clamping gap 111 is covered with an edge guard 113 , the edge guard 113 has an outline for accommodating the torsion block 37 .
  • the door frame 38 When the rotary drilling rig is drilling, the door frame 38 is in a clamped state with the tip of the hook 612, the torsion block 37 and the edge guard 113 are also in a clamped state, the cutting disc 34 is in a rotating state, and the torsion block 37 is clamped with
  • the mating engagement of the notches 111 can assist in restricting the rotation of the upper chassis 33 in the horizontal direction, thereby preventing the hooks 612 from falling off the door frame 38 due to shaking.
  • the door frame 38 When the slag is discharged, the door frame 38 is separated from the tip of the hook 612, and the cutting part 3 is used as a counterweight to form an L-shaped structure with the opening and closing shell 12.
  • connection line from the vertex of the L-shaped structure to the center of gravity is on the side of the opening and closing shell 12.
  • the wall forms a certain angle, so when the door frame 38 is separated from the tip of the hook 612, a certain opening and closing angle is automatically formed between the opening and closing barrel skin 12 and the drill barrel body 11 under the condition of no external force; when the drill bit swings left and right At the time, the opening and closing angle of the opening and closing cylinder skin 12 under the action of centrifugal force increases.
  • the toothed plate 35 includes a first toothed plate 351 and a second toothed plate 352 arranged radially symmetrically with respect to the centering tube 36, and a third toothed plate 353 fixed at the center of the lower end face of the upper chassis 33; wherein , the first toothed plate 351 is provided with three first picks in the same direction, the second toothed plate 352 is provided with three second picks in the same direction, and the third toothed plate 353 is provided with There are two third picks with different orientations, and the orientations of the first pick, the second pick, and the third pick are all different; the position of the third pick 353 is lower than the first pick 351 and the third pick Two toothed discs 352, the third toothed disc 353 in the center position first contacts the mud in the pile well during construction, and the downward force provided by the drill pipe is all applied to the ground, due to the contact of the third toothed disc 353 with the ground
  • the small surface leads to high pressure, which can better loose
  • the connecting portion 2 includes an upper plate 21 fixedly connected with the top end of the drill barrel body 11 , a square head 22 is fixed on the upper end surface of the upper plate 21 , and a square opening 221 is opened inside the square head 22 .
  • the square head 22 is surrounded by a rectangular structure, and four L-shaped hoops 24 are fixedly connected at the upper corners.
  • the strength of 22; the upper plate 21 and the square head 22 are fixedly connected with four longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 23, which provide additional support for the square head 22 through the reinforcing rib plates 23, which ensures the stability of the square head 22, and the square head 22
  • a square opening 221 is formed on the upper plate 21, and the square opening 221 is used for connecting with the drill rod, so that the drill bit can be driven to rotate by the rotating drill rod.
  • One side of the collar 64 is fixed to the side of the square head 22 .
  • the present invention is divided into a rotary drilling mode and an opening and closing slag discharge mode when in use, wherein the rotary drilling mode is specifically: the door frame 38 is clamped with the tip of the hook 612, the opening and closing casing 12 is in a closed state, and the rotary drilling
  • the drill rod of the drilling machine passes through the square opening 221, and then the drill rod is connected to the drill bit through the square head 22, and the rotation of the drill rod is controlled to drive the drill bit to rotate, so that the rotary drilling can be carried out.
  • the opening and closing slag discharge mode is specifically: control the drill pipe to pull the drill bit up from the cast-in-place pile and move it to the side of the pile well, and the drill bit is lifted up to make it compact.
  • the spring 62 is compressed, and then the pressure rod 6 is displaced downward, the hook 612 is displaced downward and disengaged from the door frame 38, the opening and closing barrel skin 12 is automatically separated from the drill barrel body 11 by the gravity of the cutting part 2, and the sludge is
  • the self-gravity action automatically falls, and at the same time, the drill bit is slightly rotated to drive the drill bit to swing left and right, so that the mud and slag are shaken off more thoroughly by the centrifugal force, that is, the slag cleaning in the drill bit is completed.
  • After slag removal and cleaning operate the drill pipe to move the drill bit to the top of the pile well to continue drilling.
  • the cutting part 3 is pushed up by the ground of the pile well and closed with the drill pipe 1.
  • the opening and closing casing 12 returns to the hole. In the closed state, the door frame 38 is engaged with the tip of the hook 612 again.

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Abstract

一种旋挖钻机用钻头，包括钻筒(1)，所述钻筒(1)上端设有连接部(2)，下端设有削切部(3)，所述钻筒(1)包括钻筒本体(11)和开合筒皮(12)，所述钻筒本体(11)沿其侧壁纵向开设一槽口，所述槽口的开口端位于钻筒本体(11)底端面，所述开合筒皮(12)设于所述槽口处，所述开合筒皮(12)顶部通过第一铰链(4)与钻筒本体(11)转动连接；所述削切部(3)具有位置相对设置的第一连接端(31)和第二连接端(32)，所述第一连接端(31)通过第二铰链(5)与开合筒皮(12)底部转动连接。该钻头的开合筒皮与削切部构成偏心L形结构，当门型框与钩子脱离时开合筒皮受重力作用自动与钻筒本体实现分离，从而使泥渣自动掉落。

Description

一种旋挖钻机用钻头 技术领域
本发明涉及钻孔桩施工用钻头领域，具体是一种旋挖钻机用钻头。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，桩基础因承载力大，结构稳定，被广泛应用在地铁建设、车站、机场及房屋建筑等领域，在使用旋挖钻机钻孔的过程中，钻头内会堆积泥渣，需要及时清理以保证钻头的持续工作能力。
目前常用的排渣方法是：正向、反向快速转动钻杆，带动钻头，利用离心力将渣土甩出；采用快速收放主缆绳，将钻头内渣土抖出。但快速转动钻杆会产生巨大噪音，且对于粘性土层，渣土很难甩出来，效率低下；长期抖动主缆绳，会加速缆绳老化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种旋挖钻机用钻头，既不用借助缆绳排渣，又可以有效避免施工产生的噪声污染，提升工作效率。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种旋挖钻机用钻头，包括钻筒，所述钻筒上端设有连接部，下端设有削切部，所述钻筒包括钻筒本体和开合筒皮，所述钻筒本体沿其侧壁纵向开设一槽口，所述槽口的开口端位于钻筒本体底端面，所述开合筒皮设于所述槽口处，且，所述开合筒皮顶部与钻筒本体转动连接；所述削切部具有位置相对设置的第一连接端和第二连接端，所述第一连接端与开合筒皮底部转动连接。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述开合筒皮顶部通过第一铰链与钻筒本体枢接；所述第一连接端通过第二铰链与开合筒皮底部枢接。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述钻筒本体内部轴向贯穿有压杆，所述压杆顶部与连接部固接，所述压杆底部设有勾取件，所述勾取件与第二连接端卡接；于所述钻筒本体内部的压杆上设有用于限制压杆上下位移的第一限位块；于所述压杆顶部外周套设有套环，所述套环与连接部固定连接；于所述套环与第一限位块之间的压杆上套设有压紧弹簧。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述削切部包括上底盘、设于上底盘正下方的削切盘以及贯穿上底盘和削切盘中心的定心管所述上底盘与定心管固定连接，所述削切盘绕定心管转动；所述上底盘和削切盘均具有对称设置的缺口；所述削切盘下端面固设有齿盘，所述齿盘包括齿盘座以及设于齿盘座上的截齿；所述第二铰链连接在第一连接端处的上底盘上。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述齿盘包括关于定心管径向对称设置的第一齿盘和第二齿盘，以及固设于上底盘下端面中心处的第三齿盘；其中，所述第一齿盘上设有朝向一致的第一截齿，所述第二齿盘上设有朝向一致的第二截齿，所述第三齿盘上设有两个朝向不同的第三截齿，所述第一截齿、第二截齿、第三截齿的朝向均不同；所述第三齿盘的位置低于比第一齿盘和第二齿盘。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述勾取件包括关节铰链和钩子，所述关节铰链转动连接于压杆底端、所述钩子转动连接于关节铰链底端；所述第二连接端处的上底盘上端面设有门型框，所述门型框与钩子尖端卡接。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述门型框两侧的上底盘上端面边缘各设有一个扭转块；所述钻筒本体底端开设卡接缺口，所述卡接缺口上包覆有护边条，所述护边条具有容纳所述扭转块的外形轮廓。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述钻筒本体槽口两侧的内壁上设有两个第二限位块，所述开合筒皮两侧的外壁上设有第三限位块，所述第二限位块和第三限位块相互交错咬合设置。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述连接部包括与钻筒本体顶端固定连接的上盘，所述上盘上端面固设有方头，所述方头内部开设有方形开口。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明结构新颖，开合筒皮与削切部构成偏心L形结构，当门型框与钩子脱离时开合筒皮受重力作用自动与钻筒本体实现分离，从而使泥渣自动掉落，针对不同土层实现快速排渣，适用范围广；本发明可与原钻机连接适配，节约成本，提高经济效益；钻筒本体和开合筒皮连接处交错咬合的第二限位块、第三限位块可精确限位并减少施工时两者之间的碰撞和摩擦。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的爆炸图；
图3为本发明中削切部结构示意图；
图4为本发明中连接部结构示意图；
图中：1-钻筒、11-钻筒本体、111-卡接缺口、112-第二限位块、12-开合筒皮、121-第三限位块、113-护边条、
2-连接部、21-上盘、22-方头、221-方形开口、23-加强筋板、24-L型抱箍、
3-削切部、31-第一连接端、32-第二连接端、33-上底盘、34-削切盘、35-齿盘、351-第一齿盘、352-第二齿盘、353-第三齿盘、36-定心管、37-扭转块、38-门型框、
4-第一铰链、
5-第二铰链、
6-压杆、61-勾取件、611-关节铰链、6111-第一关节单元、6112-第二关节单元、612-钩子、62-压紧弹簧、63-第一限位块、64-套环。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-4，本发明实施例中，一种旋挖钻机用钻头，包括钻筒1，所述钻筒1上端设有连接部2，下端设有削切部3，所述钻筒1包括钻筒本体11和开合筒皮12，所述钻筒本体11沿其侧壁纵向开设一槽口，所述槽口呈倒U形，其开口端位于钻筒本体11底端，所述开合筒皮12设于所述槽口处，所述开合筒皮12顶部通过第一铰链4与钻筒本体11活动连接；所述削切部3具有位置相对设置的第一连接端31和第二连接端32，其第一连接端31通过第二铰链5活动连接于开合筒皮12的底部；所述第二铰链5与第一铰链4平 行设置。所述钻筒本体11沿其内侧壁轴向贯穿有压杆6，所述压杆6顶部与连接部2固接，所述压杆6底部设有勾取件61，所述勾取件61与第二连接端32卡接。特别需要说明的是，所述第一铰链4、第二铰链5以及勾取件61均在同一个平面上转动。所述钻筒本体11槽口两侧的内壁上设有两个第二限位块112，所述开合筒皮12两侧的外壁上设有第三限位块121，所述第二限位块112和第三限位块121相互交错咬合设置，有助于钻筒本体11与开合筒皮12之间的精确对准，减少两者间的碰撞和摩擦。
进一步的，所述压杆6顶部外周设有套环64，所述套环64的一侧与连接部2固定连接，所述套环64有助于防止压杆6上下移动时不发生横向偏移。压杆6中部设有用于防止压杆6过多地向上位移的第一限位块63，所述第一限位块63抵接于连接部2的底端；第一限位块63有助于防止压紧弹簧62回弹时，压杆6受到向上的力度过大而被弹出。所述第一限位块63和套环64之间的压杆6外周套设有压紧弹簧62，所述压紧弹簧62有助于压杆6被下压后的快速复位。所述压杆6底端连接有勾取件61，所述勾取件61包括关节铰链611和钩子612，所述关节铰链611包括第一关节单元6111和第二关节单元6112，其中，第一关节单元6111转动连接在压杆6的底端，第二关节单元6112转动连接在第一关节单元6111的底端，钩子612转动连接在第二关节单元6112底端。
进一步地，所述削切部3包括上底盘33、设于上底盘33正下方的削切盘34以及贯穿上底盘33和削切盘34中心的定心管36；所述上底盘33和削切盘34均具有对称的缺口，呈蝴蝶结状；其中，所述上底盘33被第二铰链5限制了其平面转动，所述削切盘34与定心管36转动连接，所述削切盘34可转动至与上底盘33的缺口闭合；所述削切盘34下端面固设有齿盘35，所述齿盘35包括齿盘座以及设于齿盘座上的截齿；所述第二铰链5连接在第一连接端31处的上底盘33上。所述第二连接端32处的上底盘33上端面设有门型框38，所述门型框38与钩子612尖端卡接。所述门型框38两侧的上底盘(33)上端面边缘各设有一个扭转块37；所述钻筒本体11底端开设卡接缺口111，卡接缺口111上包覆有护边条113，所述护边条113具有容纳所述扭转块37的外形轮廓。当旋挖钻机钻孔时，所述门型框38与钩子612尖端卡接状态，扭转块37与护边条113也处于卡接状态，削切 盘34处于转动状态，扭转块37与卡接缺口111的匹配卡接可以辅助限制上底盘33沿水平方向转动，从而防止钩子612因晃动从门型框38上脱落。排渣时，门型框38脱离钩子612尖端，削切部3作为配重与开合筒皮12形成L形结构，所述L形结构的顶点到重心的连线与开合筒皮12侧壁形成一定的夹角，因此当门型框38脱离钩子612尖端，在无外力作用的情况下开合筒皮12与钻筒本体11之间自动形成一定的开合夹角；当钻头左右摆动时，开合筒皮12受离心力作用开合的角度增大。
进一步的，所述齿盘35包括关于定心管36径向对称设置的第一齿盘351和第二齿盘352，以及固设于上底盘33下端面中心位置的第三齿盘353；其中，所述第一齿盘351上设有朝向一致的三个第一截齿，所述第二齿盘352上设有朝向一致的三个第二截齿，所述第三齿盘353上设有两个朝向不同的第三截齿，所述第一截齿、第二截齿、第三截齿的朝向均不同；所述第三齿盘353的位置低于第一齿盘351和第二齿盘352，在施工时处于中心位置的第三齿盘353最先接触到桩井中的泥渣，钻杆提供向下的力全部施加到地面上，由于第三齿盘353与地面的接触面小导致压强很大，这样可以更好地松动泥渣，使后续的钻孔效率更高。
进一步的，所述连接部2包括与钻筒本体11顶端固定连接的上盘21，所述上盘21上端面固设有方头22，所述方头22内部开设有方形开口221。
方头22围成矩形结构，其上端拐角处固定连接有四个L型抱箍24，所述L型抱箍24依次首位连接固定在方头22顶端的四个拐角处，进而可以加强方头22的强度；上盘21与方头22之间固定连接有纵向的四个加强筋板23，通过加强筋板23对方头22提供额外的支撑，保证了方头22的稳固性，方头22与上盘21上开设有方形开口221，所述方形开口221用于与钻杆连接，以便通过旋转的钻杆带动钻头转动。所述套环64一侧固定于方头22侧面。
本发明在使用时分为旋挖钻孔模式和开合排渣模式，其中旋挖钻孔模式具体为：门型框38与钩子612尖端卡接，开合筒皮12处于闭合状态，将旋挖钻孔机的钻杆穿过方形开口221，进而通过方头22将钻杆与钻头连接，操控钻杆转动来带动钻头转动，即可进行旋 挖钻孔，在钻孔的过程中钻头内会堆积泥渣，需要及时排渣，以保证钻头的持续工作能力；开合排渣模式具体为：操控钻杆使钻头从灌注桩内提拉上来并移动到桩井旁边，钻头上提使得压紧弹簧62被压紧，进而压杆6向下位移，钩子612向下位移并与门型框38脱离，开合筒皮12受削切部2重力作用与钻筒本体11自动分离，泥渣受自身重力作用自动下落，同时轻微转动钻杆带动钻头左右摆动，使得泥渣受离心力作用抖落更彻底，即完成钻头内的排渣清理。排渣清理后，操作钻杆将钻头移动到桩井上方可继续钻孔，向下钻孔时削切部3被桩井地面顶上去与钻筒1闭合，此时开合筒皮12回到闭合状态，门型框38与钩子612尖端再次卡接。
虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
故以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例，并非用来限定本申请的实施范围；即凡依本申请的权利要求范围所做的各种等同变换，均为本申请权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种旋挖钻机用钻头，包括钻筒(1)，所述钻筒(1)上端设有连接部(2)，下端设有削切部(3)，其特征在于，所述钻筒(1)包括钻筒本体(11)和开合筒皮(12)，所述钻筒本体(11)沿其侧壁纵向开设一槽口，所述槽口的开口端位于钻筒本体(11)底端面，所述开合筒皮(12)设于所述槽口处，且，所述开合筒皮(12)顶部与钻筒本体(11)转动连接；所述削切部(3)具有位置相对设置的第一连接端(31)和第二连接端(32)，所述第一连接端(31)与开合筒皮(12)底部转动连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋挖钻机用钻头，其特征在于，所述开合筒皮(12)顶部通过第一铰链(4)与钻筒本体(11)枢接；所述第一连接端(31)通过第二铰链(5)与开合筒皮(12)底部枢接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋挖钻机用钻头，其特征在于，所述钻筒本体(11)内部轴向贯穿有压杆(6)，所述压杆(6)顶部与连接部(2)固接，所述压杆(6)底部设有勾取件(61)，所述勾取件(61)与第二连接端(32)卡接；于所述钻筒本体(11)内部的压杆(6)上设有用于限制压杆(6)上下位移的第一限位块(63)；于所述压杆(6)顶部外周套设有套环(64)，所述套环(64)与连接部(2)固定连接；于所述套环(64)与第一限位块(63)之间的压杆(11)上套设有压紧弹簧(62)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋挖钻机用钻头，其特征在于，所述削切部(3)包括上底盘(33)、设于上底盘(33)正下方的削切盘(34)以及贯穿上底盘(33)和削切盘(34)中心的定心管(36)所述上底盘(33)与定心管(36)固定连接，所述削切盘(34)绕定心管(36)转动；所述上底盘(33)和削切盘(34)均具有对称设置的缺口；所述削切盘(34)下端面固设有齿盘(35)，所述齿盘(35)包括齿盘座以及设于齿盘座上的截齿；所述第二铰链(5)连接在第一连接端(31)处的上底盘(33)上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种旋挖钻机用钻头，其特征在于，所述齿盘(35)包括关于定心管(36)径向对称设置的第一齿盘(351)和第二齿盘(352)，以及固设于上底盘(33)下端面中心处的第三齿盘(353)；其中，所述第一齿盘(351)上设有朝向一致的第一截齿，所述第二齿盘(352)上设有朝向一致的第二截齿，所述第三齿盘(353)上 设有两个朝向不同的第三截齿，所述第一截齿、第二截齿、第三截齿的朝向均不同；所述第三齿盘(353)的位置低于比第一齿盘(351)和第二齿盘(352)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋挖钻机用钻头，其特征在于，所述勾取件(61)包括关节铰链(611)和钩子(612)，所述关节铰链(611)转动连接于压杆(6)底端、所述钩子(612)转动连接于关节铰链(611)底端；所述第二连接端(32)处的上底盘(33)上端面设有门型框(38)，所述门型框(38)与钩子(612)尖端卡接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种旋挖钻机用钻头，其特征在于，所述门型框(38)两侧的上底盘(33)上端面边缘各设有一个扭转块(37)；所述钻筒本体(11)底端开设卡接缺口(111)，所述卡接缺口(111)上包覆有护边条(113)，所述护边条(113)具有容纳所述扭转块(37)的外形轮廓。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋挖钻机用钻头，其特征在于，所述钻筒本体(11)槽口两侧的内壁上设有两个第二限位块(112)，所述开合筒皮(12)两侧的外壁上设有第三限位块(121)，所述第二限位块(112)和第三限位块(121)相互交错咬合设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋挖钻机用钻头，其特征在于，所述连接部(2)包括与钻筒本体(11)顶端固定连接的上盘(21)，所述上盘(21)上端面固设有方头(22)，所述方头(22)内部开设有方形开口(221)。
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