WO2022094751A1 - 一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置及其检测方法 - Google Patents

一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置及其检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022094751A1
WO2022094751A1 PCT/CN2020/126130 CN2020126130W WO2022094751A1 WO 2022094751 A1 WO2022094751 A1 WO 2022094751A1 CN 2020126130 W CN2020126130 W CN 2020126130W WO 2022094751 A1 WO2022094751 A1 WO 2022094751A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wear resistance
detection
sliding
tire
plate
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PCT/CN2020/126130
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李相海
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东营市方兴橡胶有限责任公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/126130 priority Critical patent/WO2022094751A1/zh
Publication of WO2022094751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022094751A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/02—Tyres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of tire detection, in particular to a tire wear resistance detection device and a detection method thereof.
  • Automobile tires are subjected to various deformations, loads, forces, and high and low temperature effects during driving, so they must have high bearing performance, traction performance, and cushioning performance. At the same time, high wear resistance and flex resistance, as well as low rolling resistance and heat build-up are also required.
  • the safety and wear resistance of tires are directly related to the safety of vehicles. Therefore, tires need to be tested for wear resistance before leaving the factory to ensure that they meet the standard of wear resistance.
  • the wear resistance test of tires requires the use of tire wear resistance.
  • the current wear resistance detection devices on the market are generally simple in design and cannot perform simulated detection according to specific terrain and road conditions, resulting in a large gap between the detection data and the actual wear data, and the practicability of the detection data is low and the reference is not high. .
  • the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN106441945B discloses a tire detection device with a braking and wear mechanism, including a braking mechanism and a wear mechanism, the tire is fixed on the braking mechanism, and the left and right adjustment parts on the braking mechanism
  • the tires are pressed to simulate the test conditions of the tires under different load-bearing conditions; the upper and lower adjustment parts adjust the position of the tires to match the wear parts; the front and rear adjustment parts are used for the disassembly and installation of the tires;
  • the wear mechanism includes two brake mechanisms as the A clamping body with a mirror image distribution of the axis of symmetry. The clamping body clamps the tire to be tested before testing.
  • the invention can test the wear resistance of a single tire indoors, but it can only simulate the theoretical wear of the tire under different load-bearing conditions by applying pressure from left to right, and cannot actually detect the real wear of the tire under different road conditions such as flat ground and uphill. data.
  • the Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN205981720U discloses a tire wear detection device for automobiles.
  • the device is pushed to the side of the tire to make the positioning plate close to the tire.
  • the lead screw rotates forward, and under the action of the left-handed thread and the right-handed thread, the two second nuts are separated from each other.
  • the left second nut pushes the left second slider to move to the left, and the left second The slider pushes the left moving rod to the left, the moving rod pushes the contact to move to the left, and the contact enters the groove on the surface of the tire.
  • the second nut on the right pushes the second slider on the right Move to the right
  • the second slider on the right pushes the moving rod on the right to move to the right
  • the moving rod pushes the pointer to swing to the left.
  • This detection method has a fast detection speed and can directly observe the wear of the tire, but cannot directly obtain the specific wear value, the detection result is not accurate, and the operator needs to observe the pointer swing from the side all the time, which increases the workload of the workers.
  • this detection method also simulates the wear resistance of the tire under different load-bearing states by applying pressure in the horizontal direction, and various specific data under real road conditions cannot be obtained.
  • the current automobile tire detection device has a single detection method, and cannot detect the real wear data under different road conditions such as flat ground and uphill at the same time.
  • the present invention provides a tire wear resistance detection device and a detection method thereof, which can simulate road conditions such as flat ground and uphill, and accurately detect tire wear resistance data.
  • the specific contents are as follows:
  • a tire wear resistance detection device comprising a braking mechanism and a wear resistance mechanism
  • the braking mechanism includes a gantry, a rotating shaft, a first servo motor, a vertical sliding mechanism and a pressure mechanism, and the wear-resistant mechanism includes a movable detection plate.
  • the braking mechanism includes a gantry, and a retractable pressure mechanism is provided on the top of the gantry.
  • the pressure mechanism can apply a specified pressure to the tire to be tested to simulate the load-bearing condition of the tire to be tested.
  • the pressure mechanism is retractable and adjustable. The distance of applying pressure is to meet the needs of applying pressure to tires with different distances.
  • the bottom of the gantry frame is provided with a lifting mechanism, and the inner sides of the two side walls of the gantry frame are respectively provided with chute, and the sliding mechanism is provided in the pressure mechanism and the lifting mechanism.
  • the sliding mechanism includes a sliding plate whose left and right ends are respectively slidably connected to the chute, the sliding plate is provided with a support seat with a hollow structure, and the support seat is provided with a first servo motor.
  • the first servo motor is used together with the reducer, and the first servo motor is connected to the horizontally arranged rotating shaft that passes through the support base for fixing the tire. shaft. Since the sliding mechanism can slide freely in the chute, the lifting mechanism needs to be used to support and fix the sliding mechanism in a proper position during tire installation, which is convenient for tire installation.
  • Displacement sensor the displacement sensor can detect the displacement of the sliding mechanism caused by the wear of the tire during the wear resistance test. The greater the displacement, the more serious the tire wear, and vice versa;
  • the wear-resistant mechanism includes a base, the upper part of the base is hinged with one end of a support plate, the other end of the support plate is hinged with the detection plate, and the end of the detection plate away from the support plate is a slide with a semicircular arc surface
  • a servo electric cylinder and a linear guide are arranged in parallel on both sides of the detection board along the length direction.
  • One side of the sliding connection end is hinged with the servo electric cylinder, and the other side is hinged with the linear guide. After the cylinder is started, push the sliding connection end to move along its length direction.
  • the displacement can be realized by controlling the speed of the servo electric cylinder.
  • the linear guide on the other side of the sliding connection end cooperates with the servo electric cylinder, so that the detection board moves when More stable; the detection board and the base form an inclination angle that simulates different road slopes under the combined action of the servo electric cylinder and the support plate.
  • the angle of the inclination angle can be accurately obtained by calculation.
  • the hinges between the components in the present invention all adopt the hinges and hinges commonly used in the art.
  • the sliding mechanism is fixed by the lifting mechanism, the tire to be tested is installed and fixed on the rotating shaft that passes through the support base and is connected with the first servo motor, and then the tire is placed horizontally or has a certain inclination angle through the lifting mechanism.
  • the plate press the support seat through the pressure mechanism, the pressure is transmitted to the tire and the detection plate, the first servo motor is turned on, and the tire wear resistance test is carried out under the set speed and time, so as to obtain the test on flat ground or with Abrasion resistance data for tires with different loads in sloped road conditions.
  • the pressure mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder provided above the top of the gantry, a telescopic rod penetrating the top of the gantry, and a pressure plate fixed on the lower end of the telescopic rod, and the upper surface of the support seat is provided with a pressure groove corresponding to the pressure mechanism.
  • a pressure plate is arranged at the bottom of the pressure mechanism, which can increase the pressure application area, and at the same time, a corresponding pressure groove is arranged on the upper surface of the support seat, which can avoid damage to the upper surface of the support seat when the pressure mechanism presses the support seat.
  • the mechanism includes an air cylinder and a horizontal tray connected with the air cylinder. The horizontal tray can increase the contact area between the lifting mechanism and the sliding mechanism, so that the lifting and lowering of the sliding mechanism is more stable.
  • the tire wear resistance detection device further includes HMI and PLC;
  • HMI is human-machine interface, which refers to the interface of input/output devices for establishing contact and exchanging information between people and computers, and these devices include keyboards, displays, Printers, mice, etc.
  • PLC is a programmable logic controller, which is a digital operation operating electronic system specially designed for application in industrial environment. It uses a programmable memory to store instructions for performing operations such as logic operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, and controls various types of mechanical equipment or production through digital or analog input and output. process.
  • the PLC controls the operation of the hydraulic cylinder, the air cylinder, the electric servo cylinder, the first servo motor and the displacement sensor according to the instruction of the HMI.
  • the chute is a groove formed on the inner side of the side wall of the gantry frame
  • the displacement sensor is provided on the top of the groove
  • a groove is directly formed on the inner side of the side wall of the gantry frame, which can reduce additional component connections
  • a displacement sensor is arranged on the top of the groove, which can detect the displacement of the sliding mechanism at a close distance and improve the detection accuracy.
  • the upper surface of the base is provided with a first groove for placing the detection board, and the bottom of the first groove is respectively provided with a second groove for installing the support plate and a groove for installing the servo electric cylinder.
  • the third groove through the setting of the groove, can optimize the installation position of the detection plate, the support plate and the servo electric cylinder, so that the wear-resistant mechanism is clean and beautiful.
  • the servo electric cylinder includes a screw rod, a nut seat is provided on the screw rod, the nut seat is hinged with one side of the sliding connection end, the right end of the screw rod is connected to the second servo motor, and the left end is fixed on the in the fixing seat at the left end of the third groove.
  • the left end of the support plate is hinged to the left end of the second groove
  • the right end is hinged to the bottom center of the detection plate
  • the support plate is hinged to the bottom center of the detection plate, which can reduce the connection length between the support plate and the detection plate. Thereby reducing the length of the base, saving space and material.
  • a groove is provided on the upper surface of the detection plate, a detection piece is arranged in the groove, the two ends of the detection piece are fixed by a fastening device, and a plurality of detection pieces can be prepared.
  • the coefficients are different, and the wear resistance data under different road conditions (such as gravel road, sand road, cement road and asphalt road, etc.) are simulated by replacing the test piece.
  • the linear guide rail includes a track and a slider, and the slider is hinged to one side of the sliding connection end of the detection plate.
  • a method for testing wear resistance using the tire wear resistance testing device includes the following steps:
  • the lifting mechanism lifts the sliding mechanism and installs the tire on the rotating shaft of the sliding mechanism
  • the servo electric cylinder pushes the detection board to form an inclination angle with the base;
  • the lifting mechanism moves down, and after the tire on the sliding mechanism falls on the detection board, the lifting mechanism is separated from the sliding mechanism;
  • the lifting mechanism rises and resets, lifts the sliding mechanism, removes the tire on the rotating shaft, and enters the next detection cycle.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • a tire wear resistance detection device and its detection method disclosed in the present invention can simulate the slope under different road conditions by adjusting the inclination angle between the detection plate and the base, and the obtained wear resistance data is more reference.
  • the displacement during the test is accurately measured by the displacement sensor, so as to obtain the wear amount of the tire, and the detection result is accurate and reliable.
  • the tire is in natural contact with the test plate through the sliding mechanism, and then the specified pressure is applied to simulate the wear resistance of the tire during the actual load-bearing process, and the test results are true and accurate.
  • test pieces are set on the test board. Different test pieces have different friction coefficients, so as to simulate different road conditions, such as gravel road, sand road, cement road and asphalt road. The data of tire wear resistance under different road conditions can be obtained.
  • control elements such as HMI and PLC can automatically detect wear resistance according to the set parameters, reducing the labor intensity of workers.
  • the tire wear resistance detection device provided by the present invention can detect the wear conditions of tires under different slopes, different road conditions and different load-bearing conditions, and obtain more real, reliable and accurate wear resistance data.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the exploded view of Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the braking mechanism
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the wear-resistant mechanism
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the wear-resistant mechanism
  • Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the base and the linear guide rail
  • Fig. 7 is the front view of the detection board
  • Example 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a wear-resistant mechanism in Example 2.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a control system of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a control system of Embodiment 3.
  • a tire wear resistance detection device includes a braking mechanism 1 and a wear resistance mechanism 2, the braking mechanism 1 includes a gantry 11, the top of the gantry 11 is provided with a retractable pressure Mechanism 12, the pressure mechanism 12 includes a hydraulic cylinder 121 disposed above the top of the gantry 11, a telescopic rod 122 penetrating the top of the gantry 11, and a pressure plate 123 fixed at the lower end of the telescopic rod 122, so The upper surface of the support seat 151 is provided with a pressure groove 153 corresponding to the pressure mechanism 12 .
  • the bottom of the gantry 11 is provided with a lifting mechanism 13 , and the lifting mechanism 13 includes an air cylinder 131 and a horizontal tray 132 connected to the air cylinder 131 .
  • the inner sides of the two side walls of the gantry frame 11 are respectively provided with sliding grooves 14 .
  • the sliding grooves 14 are grooves formed on the inner side of the side walls of the gantry frame 11 , and the top of the grooves is provided with a displacement sensor 16 .
  • the sliding mechanism 15 is arranged between the pressure mechanism 12 and the lifting mechanism 13.
  • the sliding mechanism 15 includes a sliding plate 154 whose left and right ends are respectively slidably connected to the sliding groove 14.
  • the sliding plate 154 is provided with a sliding plate 154.
  • the support base 151 of the hollow structure, the support base 151 is equipped with a first servo motor, and the first servo motor is connected to the horizontally arranged rotating shaft 152 for fixing the tire through the support base 151.
  • the first servo motor and the rotating shaft 152 are connected by couplings;
  • the wear-resistant mechanism 2 includes a base 21, the upper surface of the base 21 is provided with a first groove 211 for placing the detection board 23, and the bottom of the first groove 211 is respectively provided with a second groove for installing the support plate 22 212 and the third groove 213 where the servo electric cylinder 24 is installed.
  • the left end of the support plate 22 is hinged with the left end of the second groove 212
  • the right end is hinged with the bottom center of the detection plate 23 .
  • One end of the detection plate 23 away from the support plate 22 is a sliding connection end 231 with a semicircular arc surface.
  • the detection plate 23 is provided with a servo electric cylinder 24 and a linear guide rail 25 in parallel on both sides along the length direction.
  • the servo electric cylinder 24 includes a screw rod 241, a nut seat 242 is arranged on the screw rod 241, the nut seat 242 is hinged with one side of the sliding connection end 231, and the right end of the screw rod 241 is connected to the second servo motor 243 , the left end is fixed in the fixing seat 244 at the left end of the third groove 213 .
  • the linear guide 25 includes a rail 251 and a sliding block 252 , and the sliding block 252 is hinged to one side of the sliding connection end 231 of the detection board 23 .
  • the detection plate 23 forms an inclination angle with the base 21 simulating different road gradients under the combined action of the servo electric cylinder 24 and the support plate 22 .
  • a groove 232 is set on the upper surface of the detection plate 23, and a detection piece 233 is arranged in the groove 232.
  • the two ends of the detection piece 233 are fixed on the upper surface of the detection plate 23 by the fastening device 234, and the wear resistance test is carried out with the same tire contact.
  • the fastening device 234 in this embodiment is a fastening bolt.
  • a method for testing wear resistance using the tire wear resistance testing device includes the following steps:
  • parameter setting set the pressure of the pressure mechanism 12 and the rotational speed and the rotation time of the first servo motor and the servo electric cylinder 24;
  • the lifting mechanism 13 holds up the sliding mechanism 15, and installs the tire 3 on the rotating shaft 152 of the sliding mechanism 15;
  • the servo electric cylinder 24 pushes the detection plate 23 to form an inclination angle with the base 21, and the inclination angle is set to an acute angle between 0-90° as required;
  • the wear-resistance detection device used is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the detection steps are as follows:
  • the lifting mechanism 13 holds up the sliding mechanism 15, and installs the tire 3 on the rotating shaft 152 of the sliding mechanism 15;
  • the detection board 23 is placed horizontally on the base 21;
  • the tire wear resistance detection device in this embodiment includes HMI and PLC, and the specific structure includes: a braking mechanism 1 and a wear resistance mechanism 2 , the braking mechanism 1 includes a gantry 11 , and the gantry
  • the top of 11 is provided with a retractable pressure mechanism 12.
  • the pressure mechanism 12 includes a hydraulic cylinder 121 fixed above the top of the gantry 11, a telescopic rod 122 running through the top of the gantry 11, and a telescopic rod 122 fixed at the top of the gantry 11.
  • the pressure plate 123 at the lower end of the rod 122 is provided with a pressure groove 153 corresponding to the pressure mechanism 12 on the upper surface of the support base 151 .
  • the bottom of the gantry 11 is provided with a lifting mechanism 13 , and the lifting mechanism 13 includes an air cylinder 131 and a horizontal tray 132 connected to the air cylinder 131 .
  • the inner sides of the two side walls of the gantry 11 are respectively provided with sliding grooves 14, and the sliding mechanism 15 is arranged between the pressure mechanism 12 and the lifting mechanism 13.
  • a sliding plate 154 that is slidably connected to the slot 14 is provided with a support seat 151 with a hollow structure on the sliding plate 154 .
  • a horizontally arranged rotating shaft 152 for fixing the tire, and a displacement sensor 16 for detecting the displacement of the sliding mechanism 15 is also provided on the gantry 11;
  • the wear-resistant mechanism 2 includes a base 21 , the upper part of the base 21 is hinged with one end of a support plate 22 , and the other end of the support plate 22 is hinged with a wear-resistant detection plate 23 , and the detection plate 23 is away from the support plate 22 .
  • One end is a sliding connection end 231 with a semicircular arc surface, and two sides of the detection board 23 along the length direction are provided with a servo electric cylinder 24 and a linear guide 25 in parallel.
  • the cylinder 24 is hinged, and the other side is hinged with the linear guide 25.
  • the detection board 23 forms an inclination angle with the base 21 under the combined action of the servo electric cylinder 24 and the support plate 22 to simulate different road gradients. .
  • the braking mechanism 1 and the wear-resistant mechanism 2 are connected to the PLC, the PLC is connected to the HMI, and the HMI can input instructions, and the PLC controls the telescopic length and pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 121 according to the instructions of the HMI.
  • the lifting height of the air cylinder 131 , the rotation speed of the servo electric cylinder 24 and the rotation time are controlled, the rotation speed and rotation time of the first servo motor are controlled, and the detection state of the displacement sensor 16 is controlled.
  • the tire wear resistance detection device in this embodiment can realize automatic tire detection, reduce the work intensity of workers, and improve work efficiency.
  • the second groove 212 on the base 21 in the embodiment 1-3 is cancelled, and the support plate 22 and the detection plate 23 are jointly arranged in the first groove 211, and the left end of the support plate 22 is connected to the first groove 211.
  • the left end is hinged through a hinge
  • the right end is hinged with the left end of the detection board 23 (ie, the end that is not the sliding connection end 231 ) through a hinge.
  • the support plate 22 supports the detection plate 23 more stably.
  • the tire wear resistance detection device provided in the above-mentioned embodiment can more conveniently and quickly detect the tire wear conditions under different slopes, different road conditions and different load-bearing conditions, and obtain more real, reliable and accurate wear resistance. Grinding data.

Abstract

一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置及其检测方法，该轮胎耐磨性检测装置，包括制动机构和耐磨机构，制动机构包括龙门架，压力机构，升降机构，滑槽，滑动机构，滑动机构包括滑动板，支撑座，第一伺服电机，转轴，所述龙门架上还设有检测滑动机构位移量的位移传感器；耐磨机构包括底座，支撑板，检测板，伺服电缸和直线导轨，检测板远离支撑板的一端为具有半圆形弧面的滑动连接端，滑动连接端一侧与所述伺服电缸铰接，另一侧与直线导轨铰接，检测板可与底座形成不同倾斜角，检测板上还可更换不同摩擦系数的检测片。该轮胎耐磨性检测装置，可以检测在不同坡度、不同路面情况以及不同的承重条件下轮胎的磨损情况，获得更加真实可靠并且精准的耐磨性数据。

Description

一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置及其检测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及轮胎检测领域，具体为一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置及其检测方法。
背景技术
汽车轮胎在行驶时承受着各种变形、负荷、力以及高低温作用，因此必须具有较高的承载性能、牵引性能、缓冲性能。同时，还要求具备高耐磨性和耐屈挠性，以及低的滚动阻力与生热性。轮胎的安全性以及耐磨性直接关系到车辆的安全性，因此轮胎在出厂前需要进行耐磨性检测，以保证其达到耐磨性的标准，对轮胎进行耐磨性检测需要使用轮胎耐磨性检测装置，但是目前市面上的耐磨性检测装置普遍设计简单，无法根据具体地形及路况进行模拟检测，导致检测数据与实际磨损数据差距较大，检测数据的实用性低，参考性不高。
公开号为CN106441945B的中国发明专利，公开了一种具有制动和磨损机构的轮胎检测装置，包括制动机构和磨损机构，轮胎固定于制动机构上，通过制动机构上的左右调节件对轮胎进行施压，模拟轮胎在不同承重条件下的测试情况；上下调节件调节轮胎位置，使之与磨损部件配合；前后调节件用于轮胎的拆卸安装；磨损机构包括两个以制动机构为对称轴镜像分布的夹持体，夹持体将待测轮胎夹持后进行测试。该发明可以在室内对单一轮胎进行耐磨检测，但是仅能通过左右施加压力来模拟轮胎在不同承重条件下的理论磨损情况，不能实际检测轮胎在诸如平地、上坡等不同路况下的真实磨损数据。
公开号为CN205981720U的中国实用新型专利，公开了一种汽车 用轮胎磨损检测装置，将该装置推至轮胎旁，使得定位板紧贴轮胎，然后，正转第二摇手，第二摇手带动第二丝杆正转，在左旋螺纹和右旋螺纹的作用下，使得两第二螺母相互分离，一方面，左方的第二螺母推动左方的第二滑块向左移动，左方的第二滑块推动左方的移动杆向左移动，移动杆推动触头向左移动，触头进入到轮胎表面的凹槽里，另一方面，右方的第二螺母推动右方的第二滑块向右移动，右方的第二滑块推动右方的移动杆向右移动，移动杆推动指针向左摆动，随着触头不断的向左移动，使得指针摆动的幅度增大，通过指针摆动的幅度检测轮胎的磨损程度。该方法检测速度快，可以直接观测到轮胎的磨损情况，但是无法直接获取具体磨损数值，检测结果并不精确，并且需要操作人员一直从旁观察指针摆动情况，增加了工人的工作量。此外，该检测方式也是通过水平方向施压模拟轮胎在不同承载状态下的耐磨性，不能获得真实路况下的各种具体数据。
综上所述，目前的汽车轮胎检测装置检测方式单一，不能同时检测诸如平地、上坡等不同路况下的真实磨损数据，检测结果与实际磨损情况相差甚远，可参考性差。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置及其检测方法，可模拟平地、上坡等路况，精确检测轮胎耐磨数据，具体内容如下：
一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，包括制动机构和耐磨机构，
所述制动机构包括龙门架、转轴、第一伺服电机、竖直方向的滑动机构以及压力机构，所述耐磨机构包括可移动的检测板。
所述制动机构包括龙门架，所述龙门架顶部设有可伸缩的压力机构，压力机构可以向待测轮胎施加指定压力，用以模拟待测轮胎的承 重情况，压力机构可伸缩，可以调整施压的距离，以便满足对不同距离的轮胎施加压力的需要，龙门架底部设有升降机构，龙门架两侧壁内侧分别设有滑槽，滑动机构设于所述压力机构和所述升降机构之间，所述滑动机构包括左右两端分别与所述滑槽滑动连接的滑动板，所述滑动板上设有中空结构的支撑座，所述支撑座内设第一伺服电机，也可以将第一伺服电机与减速机配套使用，所述第一伺服电机连接穿过支撑座用于固定轮胎的水平设置的转轴，第一次伺服电机与转轴之间的连接可使用本领域内常用的联轴器。由于滑动机构可在滑槽内自由滑动，因此在轮胎安装时需要用升降机构将滑动机构支撑并固定在合适的位置，方便轮胎的安装，所述龙门架上还设有检测滑动机构位移量的位移传感器，位移传感器可以检测在耐磨性测试过程中，由于轮胎的磨损而引起的滑动机构的位移，位移越大，则轮胎磨损越严重，反之亦反；
所述耐磨机构包括底座，所述底座上方与一支撑板一端铰接，所述支撑板另一端与检测板铰接，所述检测板远离所述支撑板的一端为具有半圆形弧面的滑动连接端，所述检测板沿长度方向的两侧平行设有伺服电缸和直线导轨，所述滑动连接端一侧与所述伺服电缸铰接，另一侧与所述直线导轨铰接，伺服电缸启动后，推动滑动连接端沿其长度方向发生位移，位移的大小可以通过控制伺服电缸的转速来实现，滑动连接端另一侧的直线导轨与伺服电缸配合，使检测板在移动时更加平稳；所述检测板在所述伺服电缸和所述支撑板的共同作用下与所述底座形成模拟不同路面坡度的倾斜角，在已知支撑板的长度、检测板与支撑板铰接处到检测板的滑动连接端的长度以及伺服电缸推动滑动连接端发生的位移量的情况下，倾斜角的角度可以经计算准确获得。本发明中各部件之间的铰接，均采用本领域内常用的铰接件 及铰接方式。
综上所述，通过升降机构将滑动机构固定，待测轮胎安装固定在穿过支撑座并与第一伺服电机连接的转轴上，然后通过升降机构将轮胎放置于水平或者具有一定倾斜角的检测板上，通过压力机构向支撑座施压，压力传递到轮胎与检测板上，开启第一伺服电机，在设定好的转速和时间下对轮胎进行耐磨性测试，从而获得在平地或者具有坡度的路面情况下，具有不同负载的轮胎的耐磨性数据。
优选的，所述压力机构包括设于所述龙门架顶部上方的液压缸、贯穿所述龙门架顶部的伸缩杆和固定设于所述伸缩杆下端的压盘，所述支撑座上表面设有与所述压力机构对应的压槽。压力机构的底部设置压盘，可以增加施压面积，同时在支撑座上表面设置与之对应的压槽，可以避免压力机构对支撑座施压时，对支撑座上表面的破坏，所述升降机构包括气缸以及与所述气缸连接的水平托盘，水平托盘可以增加升降机构与滑动机构的接触面积，使滑动机构的升降更加平稳。
优选的，所述轮胎耐磨性检测装置还包括HMI和PLC；HMI即人机接口,是指人与计算机之间建立联系、交换信息的输入/输出设备的接口，这些设备包括键盘、显示器、打印机、鼠标器等。PLC即可编程逻辑控制器，是种专门为在工业环境下应用而设计的数字运算操作电子系统。它采用一种可编程的存储器，在其内部存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，通过数字式或模拟式的输入输出来控制各种类型的机械设备或生产过程。通过对所述HMI输入指令，所述PLC根据所述HMI的指令控制所述液压缸、所述气缸、所述伺服电缸、所述第一伺服电机以及所述位移传感器的运行。
优选的，所述滑槽为开设在所述龙门架侧壁内侧的凹槽，所述凹槽顶部设有所述位移传感器，直接在龙门架侧壁内侧开设凹槽，可以 减少额外的部件连接并节省空间，凹槽顶部设置位移传感器，可以近距离检测滑动机构的位移，提高检测的准确率。
优选的，所述底座上表面设有放置所述检测板的第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽的底部分别设有安装所述支撑板的第二凹槽和安装所述伺服电缸的第三凹槽，通过凹槽的设置，可以优化检测板、支撑板和伺服电缸的安装位置，使耐磨机构整洁美观。
优选的，所述伺服电缸包括丝杆，所述丝杆上设有螺母座，所述螺母座与所述滑动连接端一侧铰接，所述丝杆右端连接第二伺服电机，左端固定在所述第三凹槽左端的固定座内。
优选的，所述支撑板左端与所述第二凹槽左端铰接，右端与所述检测板底部中心位置铰接，支撑板与检测板底部中心位置铰接，可以减少支撑板与检测板的连接长度，从而减少底座的长度，节省空间和材料。
优选的，所述检测板上表面设有凹槽，所述凹槽内设有检测片，所述检测片两端通过紧固装置固定，检测片可以备有多个，每个检测片的摩擦系数不同，通过更换检测片模拟不同路况(例如石子路面、沙土路面、水泥路面以及沥青路面等)下的耐磨性数据。
优选的，所述直线导轨包括轨道和滑块，所述滑块与所述检测板的所述滑动连接端一侧铰接。
使用所述的轮胎耐磨性检测装置进行耐磨性检测的方法，包括以下步骤，
S1、参数设定：设定好压力机构的压力和第一伺服电机和伺服电缸的转速及旋转时间；
S2、升降机构托起滑动机构，将轮胎安装于滑动机构的转轴上；
S3、伺服电缸推动检测板，使之与底座之间形成倾斜角；
S4、升降机构向下移动，滑动机构上的轮胎落入检测板上之后，升降机构与滑动机构分离；
S5、压力机构下压，向滑动机构施加压力；
S6、压力恒定后第一伺服电机启动，轮胎在检测板上转动；
S7、检测时间结束后读取位移传感器的数据，获得轮胎耐磨性数据；
S8、升降机构上升复位，将滑动机构托起，取下转轴上的轮胎，进入下一个检测循环。
与现有技术相比，本发明具备以下有益技术效果：
1、本发明公开的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置及其检测方法，通过调节检测板与底座之间的倾斜角度，可以模拟不同路况下的坡度，获得的耐磨性数据更具参考性。
2.通过位移传感器精确计量测试过程中的位移量，从而获得轮胎的磨损量，检测结果精准可靠。
3、通过滑动机构使轮胎与检测板自然接触，然后施加指定压力模拟轮胎在实际承重过程中的耐磨性，检测结果真实准确。
4、检测板上设置可更换的检测片，不同的检测片具有不同的摩擦系数，从而模拟不同的路面情况，例如石子路面、沙土路面、水泥路面和沥青路面等，通过更换检测板上的检测片，可以获得不同路面情况下的轮胎耐磨性数据。
5.引入了HMI和PLC等控制元件，可以根据设定的参数自动进行耐磨性检测，降低了工人劳动强度。
综上所述，本发明提供的轮胎耐磨性检测装置，可以检测在不同坡度、不同路面情况以及不同的承重条件下轮胎的磨损情况，获得更加真实可靠并且精准的耐磨性数据。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为图1的爆炸视图；
图3为制动机构的爆炸视图；
图4为耐磨机构的主视图；
图5为耐磨机构的俯视图；
图6为底座和直线导轨的结构示意图；
图7为检测板的主视图；
图8为实施例2中耐磨机构结构示意图；
图9为实施例3的控制系统框图。
附图标记说明：
1、制动机构，2、耐磨机构，3、轮胎，
11、龙门架，12、压力机构，13、升降机构，14、滑槽，15、滑动机构，16、位移传感器，
121、液压缸，122、伸缩杆，123、压盘，
131、气缸，132、托盘，
151、支撑座，152、转轴，153、压槽，154、滑动板，
21、底座，22、支撑板，23、检测板，24、伺服电缸，25、直线导轨，
211、第一凹槽，212、第二凹槽，213、第三凹槽，
231、滑动连接端，232、凹槽，233、检测片，234、紧固装置，
241、丝杆，242、螺母座，243、第二伺服电机，244、固定座，
251、轨道，252、滑块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例描述本发明具体实施方式：
需要说明的是，本说明书所附图中示意的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应落在本发明所揭示的技术内容能涵盖的范围内。
同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
实施例1：
本实施例为上坡状态下，一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置及其检测方法：
结合附图1-7，一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，包括制动机构1和耐磨机构2，所述制动机构1包括龙门架11，所述龙门架11顶部设有可伸缩的压力机构12，所述压力机构12包括设于所述龙门架11顶部上方的液压缸121、贯穿所述龙门架11顶部的伸缩杆122和固定设于所述伸缩杆122下端的压盘123，所述支撑座151上表面设有与所述压力机构12对应的压槽153。所述龙门架11的底部设有升降机构13，所述升降机构13包括气缸131以及与所述气缸131连接的水平托盘132。所述龙门架11的两侧壁内侧分别设有滑槽14，所述滑槽14为开设在所述龙门架11侧壁内侧的凹槽，所述凹槽顶部设有位移传感器16。滑动机构15设于所述压力机构12和所述升降机构13之间，所述滑动机构15包括左右两端分别与所述滑槽14滑动连接的滑动板154，所述滑动板154上设有中空结构的支撑座151，所述支撑座151内设第一伺服电机，所述第一伺服电机连接穿过支撑座151 用于固定轮胎的水平设置的转轴152，第一次伺服电机与转轴152之间通过联轴器连接；
所述耐磨机构2包括底座21，所述底座21上表面设有放置检测板23的第一凹槽211，所述第一凹槽211的底部分别设有安装支撑板22的第二凹槽212和安装伺服电缸24的第三凹槽213。所述支撑板22左端与所述第二凹槽212左端铰接，右端与所述检测板23底部中心位置铰接。所述检测板23远离所述支撑板22的一端为具有半圆形弧面的滑动连接端231，所述检测板23沿长度方向的两侧平行设有伺服电缸24和直线导轨25，所述伺服电缸24包括丝杆241，所述丝杆241上设有螺母座242，所述螺母座242与所述滑动连接端231一侧铰接，所述丝杆241右端连接第二伺服电机243，左端固定在所述第三凹槽213左端的固定座244内。所述直线导轨25包括轨道251和滑块252，所述滑块252与所述检测板23的所述滑动连接端231一侧铰接。所述检测板23在所述伺服电缸24和所述支撑板22的共同作用下与所述底座21形成模拟不同路面坡度的倾斜角。
在检测板23的上表面开设凹槽232，在凹槽232内设置检测片233，所述检测片233两端通过紧固装置234固定在检测板23的上表面，进行耐磨性检测时与轮胎接触。本实施例中的紧固装置234为紧固螺栓。检测片233有多个，分别具有不同的摩擦系数，用以模拟不同的路面情况，例如石子路面、沙土路面、水泥路面和沥青路面等，通过更换检测板23上的检测片233，可以获得不同路面情况下的轮胎耐磨性数据。
使用所述的轮胎耐磨性检测装置进行耐磨性检测的方法，包括以下步骤，
S1、参数设定：设定好压力机构12的压力和第一伺服电机和伺 服电缸24的转速及旋转时间；
S2、升降机构13托起滑动机构15，将轮胎3安装于滑动机构15的转轴152上；
S3、伺服电缸24推动检测板23，使之与底座21之间形成倾斜角，倾斜角根据需要设置成在0-90°之间的锐角；
S4、升降机构13向下移动，滑动机构15上的轮胎3落入检测板23上之后，升降机构3与滑动机构15分离；
S5、压力机构12下压，向滑动机构15施加压力；
S6、压力恒定后第一伺服电机启动，轮胎3在检测板23上转动；
S7、检测时间结束后读取位移传感器16的数据，获得轮胎3耐磨性数据；
S8、升降机构13上升复位，将滑动机构15托起，取下转轴152上的轮胎3，进入下一个检测循环。
实施例2
平地状态下，耐磨性检测：
结合附图8，使用的耐磨性检测装置同实施例1，检测步骤如下：
S1、参数设定：设定好压力机构12的压力和第一伺服电机的转速及旋转时间；
S2、升降机构13托起滑动机构15，将轮胎3安装于滑动机构15的转轴152上；
S3、检测板23水平放置于底座21上；
S4、升降机构13向下移动，滑动机构15上的轮胎3落入检测板23上之后，升降机构3与滑动机构15分离；
S5、压力机构12下压，向滑动机构15施加压力；
S6、压力恒定后第一伺服电机启动，轮胎3在检测板23上转动；
S7、检测时间结束后读取位移传感器16的数据，获得轮胎3耐磨性数据；
S8、升降机构13上升复位，将滑动机构15托起，取下转轴152上的轮胎3，进入下一个检测循环。
实施例3：
结合附图9，本实施例中的轮胎耐磨性检测装置包括HMI和PLC，具体结构包括：制动机构1和耐磨机构2，所述制动机构1包括龙门架11，所述龙门架11顶部设有可伸缩的压力机构12，所述压力机构12包括固定设于所述龙门架11顶部上方的液压缸121、贯穿所述龙门架11顶部的伸缩杆122和固定设于所述伸缩杆122下端的压盘123，所述支撑座151上表面设有与所述压力机构12对应的压槽153。所述龙门架11的底部设有升降机构13，所述升降机构13包括气缸131以及与所述气缸131连接的水平托盘132。所述龙门架11的两侧壁内侧分别设有滑槽14，滑动机构15设于所述压力机构12和所述升降机构13之间，所述滑动机构15包括左右两端分别与所述滑槽14滑动连接的滑动板154，所述滑动板154上设有中空结构的支撑座151，所述支撑座151内设第一伺服电机，所述第一伺服电机连接穿过支撑座151用于固定轮胎的水平设置的转轴152，所述龙门架11上还设有检测滑动机构15位移量的位移传感器16；
所述耐磨机构2包括底座21，所述底座21上方与一支撑板22一端铰接，所述支撑板22另一端与耐磨检测板23铰接，所述检测板23远离所述支撑板22的一端为具有半圆形弧面的滑动连接端231，所述检测板23沿长度方向的两侧平行设有伺服电缸24和直线导轨25，所述滑动连接端231一侧与所述伺服电缸24铰接，另一侧与所述直线导轨25铰接，所述检测板23在所述伺服电缸24和所述支撑 板22的共同作用下与所述底座21形成模拟不同路面坡度的倾斜角。
所述制动机构1和耐磨机构2与PLC连接，PLC连接HMI，所述HMI可输入指令，所述PLC根据所述HMI的指令控制所述液压缸121的伸缩长度以及压力大小、控制所述气缸131的升降高度、控制所述伺服电缸24的转速以旋转时间、控制所述第一伺服电机的转速及旋转时间以及控制所述位移传感器16的检测状态。
本实施例中的轮胎耐磨性检测装置，可以实现轮胎检测的自动化进行，减轻工人的工作强度，提高工作效率。
实施例4：
将实施例1-3中底座21上的第二凹槽212取消，将支撑板22和检测板23共同设置于第一凹槽211内，所述支撑板22左端与所述第一凹槽211左端通过铰接件铰接，右端与所述检测板23的左端(即不是滑动连接端231的一端)通过铰接件铰接。
本实施例中的耐磨机构2，支撑板22对检测板23的支撑更加稳固。
综上所述，上述实施例中提供的轮胎耐磨性检测装置，可以更加方便快捷的检测在不同坡度、不同路面情况以及不同的承重条件下轮胎的磨损情况，获得更加真实可靠并且精准的耐磨性数据。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，包括制动机构(1)和耐磨机构(2)，其特征在于，所述制动机构(1)包括龙门架(11)、转轴(152)、第一伺服电机、竖直方向的滑动机构(15)以及压力机构(12)，所述耐磨机构(2)包括可移动的检测板(23)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，其特征在于，
    所述制动机构(1)包括龙门架(11)，所述龙门架(11)顶部设有可伸缩的压力机构(12)，底部设有升降机构(13)，两侧壁内侧分别设有滑槽(14)，滑动机构(15)设于所述压力机构(12)和所述升降机构(13)之间，所述滑动机构(15)包括左右两端分别与所述滑槽(14)滑动连接的滑动板(154)，所述滑动板(154)上设有中空结构的支撑座(151)，所述支撑座(151)内设第一伺服电机，所述第一伺服电机连接穿过支撑座(151)的水平转轴(152)，所述龙门架(11)上还设有检测所述滑动机构(15)位移量的位移传感器(16)；
    所述耐磨机构(2)包括底座(21)，所述底座(21)上方与一支撑板(22)一端铰接，所述支撑板(22)另一端与检测板(23)铰接，所述检测板(23)远离所述支撑板(22)的一端为具有半圆形弧面的滑动连接端(231)，所述检测板(23)沿长度方向的两侧平行设有伺服电缸(24)和直线导轨(25)，所述滑动连接端(231)一侧与所述伺服电缸(24)铰接，另一侧与所述直线导轨(25)铰接，所述检测板(23)在所述伺服电缸(24)和所述支撑板(22)的共同作用下与所述底座(21)形成倾斜角。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，其特征在于，所述压力机构(12)包括设于所述龙门架(11)顶部上方的液压 缸(121)、贯穿所述龙门架(11)顶部的伸缩杆(122)和固定设于所述伸缩杆(122)下端的压盘(123)，所述支撑座(151)上表面设有与所述压力机构(12)对应的压槽(153)；所述升降机构(13)包括气缸(131)以及与所述气缸(131)连接的水平托盘(132)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，其特征在于，所述轮胎耐磨性检测装置还包括HMI和PLC，所述HMI可输入指令，所述PLC根据所述HMI的指令控制所述液压缸(121)、所述气缸(131)、所述伺服电缸(24)、所述第一伺服电机以及所述位移传感器(16)的运行。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，其特征在于，所述滑槽(14)为开设在所述龙门架(11)侧壁内侧的凹槽，所述凹槽顶部设有所述位移传感器(16)。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，其特征在于，所述底座(21)上表面设有放置所述检测板(23)的第一凹槽(211)，所述第一凹槽(211)的底部分别设有安装所述支撑板(22)的第二凹槽(212)和安装所述伺服电缸(24)的第三凹槽(213)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，其特征在于，所述伺服电缸(24)包括丝杆(241)，所述丝杆(241)上设有螺母座(242)，所述螺母座(242)与所述滑动连接端(231)一侧铰接，所述丝杆(241)右端连接第二伺服电机(243)，左端固定在所述第三凹槽(213)左端的固定座(244)内；所述直线导轨(25)包括轨道(251)和滑块(252)，所述滑块(252)与所述检测板(23)的所述滑动连接端(231)一侧铰接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，其特征在于，所述支撑板(22)左端与所述第二凹槽(212)左端铰接，右端 与所述检测板(23)底部中心位置铰接。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的一种轮胎耐磨性检测装置，其特征在于，所述检测板(23)上表面设有凹槽(232)，所述凹槽(232)内设有检测片(233)，所述检测片(233)两端通过紧固装置(234)固定。
  10. 使用权利要求2-9任意一项所述的轮胎耐磨性检测装置进行耐磨性检测的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
    S1、参数设定：设定好压力机构(12)的压力、第一伺服电机和伺服电缸(24)的转速及旋转时间；
    S2、升降机构(13)托起滑动机构(15)，将轮胎(3)安装于滑动机构(15)的转轴(152)上；
    S3、伺服电缸(24)推动检测板(23)，使之与底座(21)之间形成倾斜角；
    S4、升降机构(13)向下移动，滑动机构(15)上的轮胎(3)落入检测板(23)上之后，升降机构(3)与滑动机构(15)分离；
    S5、压力机构(12)下压，向滑动机构(15)施加压力；
    S6、压力恒定后第一伺服电机启动，轮胎(3)在检测板(23)上转动；
    S7、检测时间结束后读取位移传感器(16)的数据，获得轮胎(3)耐磨性数据；
    S8、升降机构(13)上升复位，将滑动机构(15)托起，取下转轴(152)上的轮胎(3)，进入下一个检测循环。
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