WO2022091822A1 - 細胞構造体の凍結方法 - Google Patents
細胞構造体の凍結方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022091822A1 WO2022091822A1 PCT/JP2021/038303 JP2021038303W WO2022091822A1 WO 2022091822 A1 WO2022091822 A1 WO 2022091822A1 JP 2021038303 W JP2021038303 W JP 2021038303W WO 2022091822 A1 WO2022091822 A1 WO 2022091822A1
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- cell structure
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- extracellular matrix
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K14/745—Blood coagulation or fibrinolysis factors
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for freezing a cell structure.
- a three-dimensional tissue structure comprising arranging cells coated with a capsule containing collagen in three dimensions to form a three-dimensional tissue structure.
- Patent Document 1 cells are mixed with a cationic substance and an extracellular matrix component to obtain a mixture, and cells are collected from the obtained mixture to form a cell aggregate on a substrate.
- Patent Document 2 A method for producing a three-dimensional cell tissue (Patent Document 2) and the like are known.
- Patent Document 3 Patent Document 3 is proposed. Three-dimensional tissues such as these are expected to be used as substitutes for experimental animals, transplant materials, and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for freezing a cell structure whose function and / or structure is sufficiently maintained even after thawing.
- the present invention states that when a cell structure containing fragmented extracellular matrix components, cells and fibrin and having a three-dimensional tissue structure is frozen, the structure and / or function of the cell structure is maintained even after thawing. It is based on new findings.
- the present invention relates to a method for freezing a cell structure, which comprises freezing a cell structure containing fragmented extracellular matrix components, cells and fibrin and having a three-dimensional tissue structure.
- the method for freezing a cell structure of the present invention comprises freezing a cell structure containing fragmented extracellular matrix components, cells and fibrin and having a three-dimensional tissue structure, the function of the cell structure even after thawing. And / or the structure is well maintained.
- the cell structure may have a vascular network between cells. In this case, the effect of the present invention is even more remarkable.
- the cells may contain at least adipocytes.
- the method for freezing the cell structure of the present invention may further include holding the cell structure under the condition of ⁇ 160 ° C.
- the method for freezing a cell structure of the present invention may further include holding the frozen cell structure in a frozen state for 7 days or longer.
- the frozen cell structure may be one that maintains the three-dimensional tissue structure and / or function after thawing. Further, the ratio of the number of surviving cells after thawing of the frozen cell structure to the number of surviving cells in the cell structure before freezing may be 80% or more.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the results of the Live / Dead assay of the cell structure before freezing (day 0), and FIG. 1 (A) shows the result of the cell structure in which no vascular network is formed between cells.
- FIG. 1B is a photograph showing the result of a cell structure in which a vascular network is formed between cells.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the Live / Dead assay results of cell structures cryopreserved for 7 or 30 days.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the Live / Dead assay results of cell structures cryopreserved for 7 or 30 days.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the evaluation results of the number of cell survivors in the cell structure cryopreserved for 0 days, 7 days, or 30 days, and FIG.
- FIG. 4 (A) shows the results when Labobanker was used as the cryopreservation solution.
- 4 (B) shows the results when a trehalose mixture was used as the cryopreservation solution.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the results of evaluation of the vascular connection function of the cell structure having a vascular network.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the results of evaluating the fatty acid uptake ability of a cell structure containing adipocytes.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of the amount of DNA in a cell structure (fat ball) containing adipocytes.
- the method for freezing a cell structure includes freezing a cell structure containing fragmented extracellular matrix components, cells and fibrin and having a three-dimensional tissue structure (freezing step).
- the "cell structure” means an aggregate of cells (mass-like cell population) artificially produced by cell culture.
- the "three-dimensional tissue structure” is a structure in which cells are three-dimensionally arranged via extracellular matrix components.
- the shape of the cell structure having a three-dimensional tissue structure is not particularly limited, and for example, a sheet shape, a spherical shape, a substantially spherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a substantially ellipsoidal shape, a hemispherical shape, a substantially hemispherical shape, a semicircular shape, Examples include a substantially semicircular shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the living tissue includes sweat glands, lymphatic vessels, sebaceous glands, etc., and is more complicated in composition than the cell structure. Therefore, the cell structure and the living tissue can be easily distinguished.
- the “cell” is not particularly limited, but may be a cell derived from a mammal such as a human, a monkey, a dog, a cat, a rabbit, a pig, a cow, a mouse, or a rat.
- the site of origin of the cell is not particularly limited, and may be a somatic cell derived from bone, muscle, internal organs, nerve, brain, bone, skin, blood, etc., or a germ cell.
- the cells may be stem cells, or may be cultured cells such as primary cultured cells, subcultured cells and cell line cells.
- stem cell means a cell having self-renewal ability and pluripotency.
- Stem cells include pluripotent stem cells capable of differentiating into any cell tumor and tissue stem cells (also called somatic stem cells) capable of differentiating into specific cell tumors.
- pluripotent stem cells include embryonic stem cells (ES cells), somatic cell-derived ES cells (ntES cells), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells).
- tissue stem cells include mesenchymal stem cells (eg, adipose stem cells, bone marrow-derived stem cells), hematopoietic stem cells, and nerve stem cells.
- adipose stem cells include human adipose stem cells (ADSC).
- the cells may contain at least adipocytes.
- adipocyte means all adipocytes except adipose stem cells.
- Adipocytes include mature adipocytes and adipocytes that are not contained in adipose stem cells, and adipocytes preferably contain adipocytes, and 90% or more of the total number of adipocytes is mature adipocytes. It is more preferable that all of them are mature adipocytes.
- adipocytes for example, cells collected from subcutaneous adipose tissue, epicardiac-derived adipose tissue, or the like may be used, or the collected cells (for example, adipose stem cells) may be induced to differentiate and used.
- the adipocyte is not particularly limited, but when the adipose tissue constructed from the adipocyte is finally used as a tissue of a specific part of the living body, a tissue derived from the tissue corresponding to the tissue of the part is used. Is preferable.
- the size of the lipid droplet can be used as an index indicating the maturity of adipocytes.
- Lipid droplets are intracellular small organs that store lipids such as triglyceride (neutral fat) and cholesterol, and have a droplet-like shape by covering the above lipids with a single layer of phospholipids. There is. In addition, the expression of proteins peculiar to adipose tissue (perilipin and the like) can be seen on the surface of the above phospholipids.
- the size of the lipid droplets of mature adipocytes varies, but for example, when the average value of the lipid droplets is 20 ⁇ m or more, the adipocytes are mature to some extent, that is, mature adipocytes. Can be.
- the content of adipocytes may be, for example, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, or 30% or more with respect to the total number of cells in the cell structure, 95. It may be% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, or 75% or less.
- the cells may further contain vascular endothelial cells.
- vascular endothelial cell as used herein means a flat cell constituting the surface of a vascular lumen. Examples of vascular endothelial cells include human umbilical vein-derived vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC).
- the content of vascular endothelial cells may be, for example, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more or 30% or more, based on the total number of cells in the cell structure, 95. It may be% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, or 75% or less.
- the cells may include adipocytes and vascular endothelial cells.
- cells may further contain cells other than adipocytes and vascular endothelial cells.
- Examples of cells other than fat cells and vascular endothelial cells include mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, colon cancer cells (eg, human colon cancer cells (HT29)), and liver.
- Cancer cells such as cancer cells, myocardial cells, epithelial cells (eg, human gingival epithelial cells), lymphatic endothelial cells, nerve cells, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, adhesive cells (eg, immune cells), smooth muscle cells (For example, aortic smooth muscle cells (Aorta-SMC)), pancreatic islet cells, keratinized cells (for example, human epidermal keratinized cells) and the like.
- epithelial cells eg, human gingival epithelial cells
- lymphatic endothelial cells nerve cells
- dendritic cells dendritic cells
- hepatocytes hepatocytes
- adhesive cells eg, immune cells
- smooth muscle cells for example, aortic smooth muscle cells (Aorta-SMC)
- pancreatic islet cells for example, keratinized cells (for example, human epidermal keratinized cells) and the like.
- the ratio of the number of adipocytes to vascular endothelial cells in the cell structure is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 100/1 to 1/100, 50/1 to 1/1. It may be 50, 20/1 to 1/1, 10/1 to 1/1, 8/1 to 1/1, 7/1 to 1.2 /. It may be 1, 6/1 to 1.5 / 1, 5/1 to 2/1, or 3/1 to 2/1.
- the cell structure may have a vascular network between cells.
- the survival rate of cells in the cell structure after thawing tends to be closer to the survival rate before freezing.
- a vascular network is formed between cells, it is expected that the cell structure can be maintained for a long period of time and that the cell structure can be easily engrafted when transplanted into a mammal or the like.
- Having a vascular network between cells means having a structure in which branched blood vessels extend between cells so as to surround the cells, similar to living tissue. Whether or not a vascular network similar to that of living tissue is formed should be determined based on, for example, the number of blood vessel branches and / or the length between blood vessel branches and / or the variety of blood vessel diameters in the living tissue. Can be done. For example, the average value of the number of blood vessel branches in a cell structure is 80% or more and 150% or less, 85% or more and 130% or less, or 90% or more and 120% or less with respect to the average value of the number of blood vessel branches in a living tissue. In some cases, it may be determined that it is similar to the number of blood vessel branches in living tissue.
- the average value of the number of blood vessel branches in the cell structure is 2.5 or more and 4.5 or less, or 3.0 or more and 4.2 or less, it is similar to the number of blood vessel branches in the living tissue. You may judge that it is.
- the average length between blood vessel branches in a cell structure is 80% or more and 150% or less, 85% or more and 130% or less, and 90% with respect to the average length between blood vessel branches in living tissue.
- it is 120% or more, it may be judged that it is similar to the length between the branches of blood vessels in a living tissue. In living tissue, both thick and thin blood vessels are observed.
- the diameter is the same as that of the blood vessel in the living tissue. It may be judged that it has a variety of. Further, for example, when 60% or more, 70% or more, or 80% or more of the entire blood vessel diameter is distributed in more than 0 ⁇ m and less than 25 ⁇ m, it may be judged that the blood vessel has the same diversity as the diameter of the blood vessel in the living tissue. good. If the cells contain adipocytes, the cell structure preferably has a vascular network between the adipocytes.
- the cell structure is the same fat as adipocytes in living tissue. It may be determined to have cells.
- the biological tissue and the cell structure are compared under the same conditions (for example, per fixed volume, per fixed area in the case of image analysis, per fixed sample, etc.).
- the fragmented extracellular matrix component can be obtained by fragmenting the extracellular matrix component.
- the "extracellular matrix component” is an aggregate of extracellular matrix molecules formed by a plurality of extracellular matrix molecules.
- the extracellular matrix means a substance that exists outside the cell in an organism.
- any substance can be used as long as it does not adversely affect the growth of cells and the formation of cell aggregates. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, collagen, elastin, proteoglycan, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, vitronectin, tenascin, entactin and fibrillin.
- the extracellular matrix component may be used alone or in combination of these.
- the extracellular matrix component may contain, for example, a collagen component, or may be a collagen component.
- the extracellular matrix component in the present embodiment is preferably a substance existing outside the animal cell, that is, an animal extracellular matrix component.
- the extracellular matrix molecule may be a variant or variant of the extracellular matrix molecule described above, or may be a polypeptide such as a chemically synthesized peptide, as long as it does not adversely affect the growth of cells and the formation of cell aggregates. good.
- the extracellular matrix molecule may have a repeating sequence represented by Gly-XY, which is characteristic of collagen.
- Gly represents a glycine residue
- X and Y each independently represent an arbitrary amino acid residue.
- the plurality of Gly-XY may be the same or different from each other.
- the proportion of the sequence represented by Gly-XY may be 80% or more of the total amino acid sequence, preferably 95%. That is all.
- the extracellular matrix molecule may be a polypeptide having an RGD sequence.
- the RGD sequence refers to a sequence represented by Arg-Gly-Asp (arginine residue-glycine residue-aspartic acid residue). Having an RGD sequence further promotes cell adhesion, which makes it even more suitable as a scaffold material for cell culture, for example.
- Examples of the extracellular matrix molecule containing the sequence represented by Gly-XY and the RGD sequence include collagen, fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, cadherin and the like.
- collagen examples include fibrous collagen and non-fibrotic collagen.
- the fibrous collagen means collagen which is a main component of collagen fibers, and specific examples thereof include type I collagen, type II collagen, and type III collagen.
- Examples of non-fibrotic collagen include type IV collagen.
- proteoglycan examples include, but are not limited to, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, keratan sulfate proteoglycan, and dermatan sulfate proteoglycan.
- the extracellular matrix component may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of collagen, laminin and fibronectin, and preferably contains collagen, because the effect of the present invention becomes more remarkable.
- Collagen is preferably fibrous collagen, more preferably type I collagen.
- fibrous collagen commercially available collagen may be used, and specific examples thereof include pig skin-derived type I collagen manufactured by Nippon Ham Co., Ltd.
- the extracellular matrix component may be an animal-derived extracellular matrix component.
- animal species from which extracellular matrix components are derived include, but are not limited to, humans, pigs, and cattle.
- As the extracellular matrix component a component derived from one kind of animal may be used, or a component derived from a plurality of kinds of animals may be used in combination.
- Fragmentation means making the aggregate of extracellular matrix molecules smaller in size. Fragmentation may be carried out under conditions that break the bonds within the extracellular matrix molecule, or may be carried out under conditions that do not break the bonds within the extracellular matrix molecule.
- the fragmented extracellular matrix component may contain a defibrated extracellular matrix component (defibrillated extracellular matrix component), which is a component obtained by defibrating the above-mentioned extracellular matrix component by applying a physical force. .. Fragmentation is an aspect of fragmentation, for example, under conditions that do not break the bonds within the extracellular matrix molecule.
- the method for fragmenting the extracellular matrix component is not particularly limited.
- the extracellular matrix component may be deflated by applying a physical force such as an ultrasonic homogenizer, a stirring homogenizer, and a high-pressure homogenizer.
- a stirring homogenizer is used, the extracellular matrix component may be homogenized as it is, or it may be homogenized in an aqueous medium such as physiological saline. It is also possible to obtain millimeter-sized and nanometer-sized fibrillated extracellular matrix components by adjusting the homogenization time, number of times, and the like.
- the defibrated extracellular matrix component can also be obtained by defibrating by repeating freezing and thawing.
- the fragmented extracellular matrix component may contain at least a part of the deflated extracellular matrix component. Further, the fragmented extracellular matrix component may consist only of the deflated extracellular matrix component. That is, the fragmented extracellular matrix component may be a deflated extracellular matrix component.
- the defibrated extracellular matrix component preferably contains a defibrated collagen component (deflated collagen component).
- the defibrated collagen component preferably maintains a triple helix structure derived from collagen.
- the defibrated collagen component may be a component that partially maintains the triple helix structure derived from collagen.
- the shape of the fragmented extracellular matrix component examples include fibrous form.
- the fibrous form means a shape composed of a filamentous collagen component or a shape composed of filamentous extracellular matrix components cross-linked between molecules. At least some of the fragmented extracellular matrix components may be fibrous.
- the fibrous extracellular matrix component includes fine filaments (fibrils) formed by aggregating a plurality of filamentous extracellular matrix molecules, filaments formed by further aggregating fibrils, and these filaments. Includes deflated ones.
- the fibrous extracellular matrix component preserves the RGD sequence without disruption.
- the average length of the fragmented extracellular matrix component may be 100 nm or more and 400 ⁇ m or less, and may be 100 nm or more and 200 ⁇ m or less. In one embodiment, the average length of the fragmented extracellular matrix component may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less, 22 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less, and 100 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less. good. In other embodiments, the average length of the fragmented extracellular matrix components may be 100 ⁇ m or less, 50 ⁇ m or less, and 30 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of further excellent redispersibility.
- the fragmented extracellular matrix component is preferably a fragmented collagen component having an average length within the above range, and more preferably a defibrated collagen component having an average length within the above range.
- the average diameter of the fragmented extracellular matrix component may be 10 nm or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, 30 nm or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, 50 nm or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, 100 nm or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, and 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m. It may be 2 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, 4 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, and 5 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the fragmented extracellular matrix component is preferably a fragmented collagen component having an average diameter within the above range, and more preferably a defibrated collagen component having an average diameter within the above range.
- the average length and average diameter of the fragmented extracellular matrix components can be determined by measuring each fragmented extracellular matrix component with an optical microscope and performing image analysis.
- average length means the average value of the length of the measured sample in the longitudinal direction
- average diameter means the average value of the length of the measured sample in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. means.
- the fragmented extracellular matrix component may contain, for example, a fragmented collagen component, and may be composed of a fragmented collagen component.
- the "fragmented collagen component” means a fragmented collagen component such as a fibrous collagen component that maintains a triple helix structure.
- the average length of the fragmented collagen component is preferably 100 nm to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 22 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter of the fragmented collagen component is preferably 50 nm to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- At least a part of the fragmented extracellular matrix component may be cross-linked between or within the molecule.
- the extracellular matrix component may be cross-linked intramolecularly or intermolecularly with the extracellular matrix molecules constituting the extracellular matrix component.
- cross-linking examples include physical cross-linking by applying heat, ultraviolet rays, radiation, etc., cross-linking agent, chemical cross-linking by enzymatic reaction, etc., but the method is not particularly limited. Physical cross-linking is preferable from the viewpoint of not hindering cell growth. Crosslinks (physical and chemical crosslinks) may be crosslinks via covalent bonds.
- crosslinks may be formed between collagen molecules (triple helix structure) or between collagen fibrils formed by collagen molecules.
- the cross-linking may be thermal cross-linking (thermal cross-linking).
- Thermal cross-linking can be performed, for example, by performing heat treatment under reduced pressure using a vacuum pump.
- the extracellular matrix component is cross-linked by forming a peptide bond (-NH-CO-) with the amino group of the collagen molecule and the carboxy group of the same or other collagen molecule. It's okay.
- the extracellular matrix component can also be cross-linked by using a cross-linking agent.
- the cross-linking agent may be, for example, one capable of cross-linking a carboxyl group and an amino group, or one capable of cross-linking amino groups with each other.
- As the cross-linking agent for example, aldehyde-based, carbodiimide-based, epoxide-based and imidazole-based cross-linking agents are preferable from the viewpoint of economy, safety and operability, and specifically, glutaraldehyde and 1-ethyl-3- (3).
- Examples thereof include water-soluble carbodiimides such as -dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide / hydrochloride and 1-cyclohexyl-3- (2-morpholinyl-4-ethyl) carbodiimide / sulfonate.
- the degree of cross-linking can be appropriately selected depending on the type of extracellular matrix component, the means for cross-linking, and the like.
- the degree of cross-linking may be 1% or more, 2% or more, 4% or more, 8% or more, or 12% or more, and may be 30% or less, 20% or less, or 15% or less.
- the degree of cross-linking is within the above range, extracellular matrix molecules can be appropriately dispersed, and the redispersibility after dry storage is good.
- the degree of cross-linking can be quantified based on the TNBS (trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) method.
- the degree of cross-linking by the TNBS method may be within the above range.
- the degree of cross-linking by the TNBS method is the ratio of the amino groups used for cross-linking among the amino groups of the extracellular matrix.
- the degree of cross-linking measured by the TNBS method is preferably within the above range.
- the degree of cross-linking may be calculated by quantifying the carboxyl group. For example, in the case of an extracellular matrix component that is insoluble in water, it may be quantified by the TBO (toluidine blue O) method. The degree of cross-linking by the TBO method may be within the above range.
- the content of the extracellular matrix component in the cell structure may be 0.01 to 90% by mass, preferably 10 to 90% by mass, preferably 10 to 80% by mass, based on the above cell structure (dry weight). %, preferably 10 to 70% by mass, preferably 10 to 60% by mass, preferably 1 to 50% by mass, and preferably 10 to 50% by mass. It is more preferably 10 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 20 to 30% by mass.
- extracellular matrix component in the cell structure means an extracellular matrix component constituting the cell structure, which may be derived from an endogenous extracellular matrix component, and may be derived from an endogenous extracellular matrix component. It may be derived from.
- Intracellular extracellular matrix component means an extracellular matrix component produced by extracellular matrix-producing cells.
- extracellular matrix-producing cells include the above-mentioned fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and other mesenchymal cells.
- the endogenous extracellular matrix component may be fibrotic or non-fibrotic.
- Extrinsic extracellular matrix component means an extracellular matrix component supplied from the outside.
- the cell structure according to the present embodiment contains a fragmented extracellular matrix component which is an extrinsic extracellular matrix component.
- the exogenous extracellular matrix component may be the same as or different from the endogenous extracellular matrix component from which the animal species is derived. Examples of the animal species from which it is derived include humans, pigs, and cattle. Further, the exogenous extracellular matrix component may be an artificial extracellular matrix component.
- the extracellular matrix component is a collagen component
- the extrinsic extracellular matrix component is also referred to as “extrinsic collagen component”
- the extrinsic extracellular matrix component is also referred to as "extrinsic collagen component”
- It is an aggregate of collagen molecules formed by collagen molecules of the above, and specific examples thereof include fibrous collagen and non-fibrous collagen.
- the extrinsic collagen component is preferably fibrous collagen.
- the fibrous collagen means a collagen component which is a main component of collagen fibers, and examples thereof include type I collagen, type II collagen, and type III collagen.
- As the fibrous collagen commercially available collagen may be used, and specific examples thereof include pig skin-derived type I collagen manufactured by Nippon Ham Co., Ltd. Examples of extrinsic non-fibrotic collagen include type IV collagen.
- the animal species from which it is derived may be different from the cell. Further, when the cell contains extracellular matrix-producing cells, the animal species from which the extracellular matrix-producing cells are derived may be different from the extracellular matrix-producing cells. That is, the exogenous extracellular matrix component may be a heterologous extracellular matrix component.
- the content of the extracellular matrix component constituting the cell structure is the endogenous extracellular matrix component and the fragmented extracellular matrix. It means the total amount of ingredients.
- the extracellular matrix content can be calculated from the volume of the obtained cell structure and the mass of the decellularized cell structure.
- the extracellular matrix component contained in the cell structure is a collagen component
- the following method for quantifying hydroxyproline can be mentioned.
- a sample is prepared by mixing hydrochloric acid (HCl) with the lysate in which the cell structure is dissolved, incubating at a high temperature for a predetermined time, returning to room temperature, and diluting the centrifuged supernatant to a predetermined concentration.
- the hydroxyproline standard solution is treated in the same manner as the sample, and then diluted stepwise to prepare the standard.
- Each of the sample and the standard is subjected to a predetermined treatment with a hydroxyproline assay buffer and a detection reagent, and the absorbance at 570 nm is measured.
- the amount of collagen component is calculated by comparing the absorbance of the sample with the standard.
- the cell structure may be directly suspended in high-concentration hydrochloric acid, and the dissolved solution may be centrifuged to recover the supernatant and used for quantifying the collagen component. Further, the cell structure to be lysed may be in a state as it is recovered from the culture solution, or may be lysed in a state where the liquid component is removed by performing a drying treatment after the recovery.
- the cells are affected by the medium component absorbed by the cell structure and the remaining influence of the medium due to the problem of the experimental procedure. Since the measured value of the structure weight is expected to vary, it is preferable to use the weight after drying as a reference from the viewpoint of stably measuring the weight of the structure and the amount of collagen components per unit weight.
- sample preparation The entire amount of the lyophilized cell structure is mixed with 6 mol / L HCl, incubated in a heat block at 95 ° C. for 20 hours or more, and then returned to room temperature. After centrifuging at 13000 g for 10 minutes, the supernatant of the sample solution is collected. A sample is prepared by appropriately diluting with 6 mol / L HCl so that the result falls within the range of the calibration curve in the measurement described later, and then diluting 200 ⁇ L with 100 ⁇ L of ultrapure water. 35 ⁇ L of sample is used.
- the collagen component occupying the cell structure may be defined by its area ratio or volume ratio.
- "Defined by area ratio or volume ratio” means that the collagen component in the cell structure is stained with another tissue by a known staining method (for example, immunostaining using an anti-collagen antibody or Masson's trichrome staining). It means that the ratio of the region where the collagen component is present in the entire cell structure is calculated by using macroscopic observation, various microscopes, image analysis software, etc. after making the cell distinguishable from the object.
- the area ratio is not limited by what cross section or surface in the cell structure, but for example, when the cell structure is a spherical body or the like, a cross-sectional view passing through a substantially central portion thereof. May be specified by.
- the ratio of the area is 0.01 to 99% and 1 to 99% based on the total area of the cell structure. It is preferably 5 to 90%, preferably 7 to 90%, preferably 20 to 90%, and more preferably 50 to 90%.
- the "collagen component in the cell structure" is as described above.
- the ratio of the area of the collagen component constituting the cell structure means the ratio of the total area of the endogenous collagen component and the extrinsic collagen component.
- the ratio of the area of the collagen component is, for example, the ratio of the area of the collagen component stained blue to the total area of the cross section of the obtained cell structure stained with Masson's trichrome and passing through the substantially central part of the cell structure. It is possible to calculate.
- the cell structure preferably has a trypsin concentration of 0.25%, a temperature of 37 ° C., a pH of 7.4, and a residual rate of 70% or more after the trypsin treatment at a reaction time of 15 minutes, preferably 80% or more. It is more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more.
- the residual rate can be calculated, for example, from the mass of the cell structure before and after the trypsin treatment.
- the cell structure may have a residual rate of 70% or more after collagenase treatment at a collagenase concentration of 0.25%, a temperature of 37 ° C., a pH of 7.4, and a reaction time of 15 minutes, and may be 80% or more. It is more preferably present, and even more preferably 90% or more. Such a cell structure is stable because it is unlikely to be decomposed by an enzyme during or after culturing.
- the cell structure according to the present embodiment can be produced, for example, by a method including a culture step of culturing cells in contact with fragmented extracellular matrix components in the presence of fibrin.
- a contact step of contacting the fragmented extracellular matrix component with the cell may be further included.
- the extracellular matrix component may be brought into contact with the cell in an aqueous medium.
- Fragmented extracellular matrix components can facilitate contact with cells in an aqueous medium and promote the formation of cell structures by being dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- the contacting step includes a method of mixing an aqueous medium containing a fragmented extracellular matrix component and an aqueous medium containing cells, a method of adding cells to an aqueous medium containing a fragmented extracellular matrix component, and cells.
- the concentration of the fragmented extracellular matrix component in the contact step can be appropriately determined according to the shape and thickness of the target cell structure, the size of the incubator, and the like.
- the concentration of the fragmented extracellular matrix component in the aqueous medium in the contact step may be 0.1 to 90% by mass or 1 to 30% by mass.
- the amount of fragmented extracellular matrix component in the contact step is, for example, 0.1 to 100 mg, 0.5 to 50 mg, 0.8 to 25 mg, 1.0 to 1.0 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells cells. It may be 10 mg, 1.0 to 5.0 mg, 1.0 to 2.0 mg, or 1.0 to 1.8 mg, and may be 0.7 mg or more, 1.1 mg or more, 1.2 mg or more, 1.3 mg or more. Alternatively, it may be 1.4 mg or more, and may be 7.0 mg or less, 3.0 mg or less, 2.3 mg or less, 1.8 mg or less, 1.7 mg or less, 1.6 mg or less, or 1.5 mg or less.
- the mass ratio of the fragmented extracellular matrix component to the cell is preferably 1/1 to 1000/1, preferably 9/1 to 900/1. More preferably, it is more preferably 10/1 to 500/1.
- One embodiment of the method for producing a cell structure may include mixing fibrinogen and thrombin simultaneously or separately in a contact step, or after the contact step and before the culture step. By mixing fibrinogen and thrombin, they react to form fibrin.
- a step of precipitating the fragmented extracellular matrix component and the cells together in the aqueous medium may be further included.
- the specific method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of centrifuging a culture medium containing fragmented extracellular matrix components and cells.
- the method for culturing cells in contact with the fragmented extracellular matrix is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a suitable culturing method according to the type of cells to be cultured.
- the culture temperature may be 20 ° C to 40 ° C or 30 ° C to 37 ° C.
- the pH of the medium may be 6-8 or 7.2-7.4.
- the culture time may be 1 day to 2 weeks or 1 week to 2 weeks.
- the incubator (support) used for culturing cells in contact with the fragmented extracellular matrix is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a well insert, a low-adhesion plate, or a plate having a bottom shape such as a U-shape or a V-shape. It's okay.
- the cells may be cultured while being adhered to the support, the cells may be cultured without being adhered to the support, or the cells may be separated from the support and cultured in the middle of the culture.
- a bottom shape such as a U-shape or a V-shape that inhibits the adhesion of the cells to the support is formed. It is preferable to use a plate having a plate or a low adsorption plate.
- the medium is not particularly limited, and a suitable medium can be selected according to the type of cells to be cultured.
- the medium include Eagle's MEM medium, DMEM, Modified Eagle medium (MEM), Minimum Essential medium, RPMI, and GlutaMax medium.
- the medium may be a medium to which serum is added or a serum-free medium.
- the medium may be a mixed medium in which two types of media are mixed.
- the cell density in the medium in the culture step can be appropriately determined according to the shape and thickness of the target cell structure, the size of the incubator, and the like.
- the cell density in the medium in the culture step may be 1 to 10 8 cells / mL and may be 10 3 to 10 7 cells / mL.
- the cell density in the medium in the culture step may be the same as the cell density in the aqueous medium in the contact step.
- Fibrin The cell structure according to this embodiment contains fibrin.
- Fibrin is a component produced by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen to release the A chain and B chain from the N-terminal of the A ⁇ chain and B ⁇ chain.
- Fibrin is a polymer and is generally insoluble in water. Fibrin is formed by contacting fibrinogen with thrombin.
- the content of fibrin may be 3 parts by mass or more, 10 parts by mass or more, and 50 parts by mass or less, or 30 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fragmented extracellular matrix component.
- the thickness of the cell structure is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 1000 ⁇ m or more.
- Such a cell structure has a structure closer to that of a living tissue, and is suitable as a substitute for an experimental animal and a material for transplantation.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the cell structure is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10 mm or less, 3 mm or less, 2 mm or less, or 1.5 mm or less. It may be 1 mm or less.
- the thickness of the cell structure means the distance between both ends in the direction perpendicular to the main surface when the cell structure is in the shape of a sheet or a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the thickness means the distance at the thinnest part of the main surface.
- the thickness of the cell structure means its diameter.
- the thickness of the cell structure means its minor axis.
- the thickness of the cell structure is the distance between the two points where the straight line passing through the center of gravity of the cell structure and the surface intersect. It means the shortest distance.
- the cell structure is frozen.
- the cell structure may be frozen, for example, in a storage container.
- a storage container various commercially available storage containers may be used.
- a cryotube can be used as the storage container.
- the cell structure may be frozen with a cryoprotectant.
- cryoprotectant examples include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sorbitol, dextran, trehalose and the like.
- the cell structure may be frozen with a cryopreservation solution containing a cryoprotectant.
- a cryopreservation solution for example, a commercially available cryoprotectant may be used.
- cryopreservation solutions include lab bunker (trade name, manufactured by Tosk Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- the method of freezing the cell structure is not particularly limited, but may be carried out by, for example, slow freezing.
- Cell structures may be frozen by storage in a freezer.
- the method for freezing the cell structure according to the present embodiment may include holding the cell structure at a predetermined freezing temperature.
- the freezing temperature may be gradually or gradually lowered.
- the freezing temperature is, for example, a temperature at which cells can be frozen, and may be ⁇ 80 ° C. or lower, ⁇ 160 ° C. or lower, or ⁇ 160 ° C.
- the lower limit of the freezing temperature is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, -210 ° C. or higher. From the viewpoint that the effect of the present invention is more prominently exhibited, the method for freezing the cell structure according to the present embodiment may include holding the cell structure under the condition of ⁇ 160 ° C.
- the freezing temperature is, for example, a set temperature of the refrigerator.
- the freezing step may include holding the cell structure at a first freezing temperature and holding the cell structure at a second freezing temperature, which is lower than the first freezing temperature, in that order. good.
- the first freezing temperature may be, for example, ⁇ 60 to ⁇ 100 ° C., and may be ⁇ 80 ° C.
- the second freezing temperature may be, for example, ⁇ 140 ° C. to ⁇ 180 ° C., and may be ⁇ 160 ° C.
- the method for freezing the cell structure according to the present embodiment may include holding the frozen cell structure in a frozen state.
- the period for keeping the frozen cell structure in a frozen state (freezing period) may be, for example, 7 days or more, 30 days or more, or 180 days or more.
- the upper limit of the freezing period is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 360 days or less.
- the frozen cell structure maintains the three-dimensional tissue structure and / or the function after thawing.
- the three-dimensional tissue structure may be the shape of a cell structure or a vascular network.
- the function of the cell structure may be a vascular connection function, a fatty acid uptake ability in the case of a cell structure containing adipocytes, a metabolic function, a secretion function of a predetermined biological factor, and the like. For example, after thawing, if it has the same or substantially the same shape as before freezing, it is determined that the three-dimensional structure is maintained.
- Examples of the method of thawing the frozen cell structure include a method of immersing in a heated aqueous medium (for example, a medium), a method of heating from the outside of a storage container, or a method of combining these. If necessary, the thawed cell structure may be washed before thawing the frozen cell structure. Washing may be performed using, for example, a physiological buffer solution (for example, PBS) or the like.
- a physiological buffer solution for example, PBS
- the temperature of the aqueous medium to be immersed may be, for example, 4 ° C to 50 ° C, 30 ° C to 40 ° C, or 36 ° C to 38 ° C.
- the thawing time may be, for example, within 3 minutes or within 1 minute.
- (X 1 / X 0 ) may be 80% or more.
- X 1 / X 0 can be measured by the method described in the examples.
- a method further comprising holding the frozen cell structure in a frozen state can also be referred to as a method for cryopreserving the cell structure.
- collagen type I sponge fragment derived from pig skin manufactured by Nippon Ham Co., Ltd.
- a collagen component crosslinked collagen component in which at least a part of the collagen was crosslinked was obtained. No significant change in appearance was confirmed in collagen before and after heating at 200 ° C.
- 50 mg of the crosslinked collagen component was placed in a 15 mL tube, 5 mL of ultrapure was added, and the crosslinked collagen component was defibrated by homogenizing with a homogenizer (As One Co., Ltd. VH-10) for 6 minutes.
- the cells, reagents, preparation method, etc. used in the preparation of the cell structure are as follows.
- Cells and collagen -Human adipose tissue (derived from thigh) for obtaining primary human mature adipocytes and human adipose stem cells (ADSC) (provided by Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital) -Human umbilical vein-derived vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) (Lonza # C-2517A)
- EGM-2 medium 500 mL of EBM-2 mixed with EGM-2 supplement medium factor and stored at 4 ° C.
- 10 mg / mL insulin stock solution 1% ice diluted with 100 mg of bovine pancreatic insulin.
- thrombin 202U into an Eppendorf tube, immediately add 1 mL of DMEM (0% FBS, 1% antibiotic), and place in a 37 ° C. water bath for 3-5 minutes to dissolve. After that, it was filtered with a filter with a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m, and the same amount was dispensed into an Eppendorf tube.
- DMEM 0% FBS, 1% antibiotic
- the lysate was filtered through an iron mesh filter having a pore size of 500 ⁇ m, 2 mL of DMEM was added per well to collect all the digested cells, and then the cells were centrifuged at 200 g at room temperature (15 to 25 ° C.) for 3 minutes. Mature adipocytes are contained in the upper yellow oily layer, and adipose stem cells and blood cells are contained in pellets. Using a long needle and a 10 mL syringe, aspirate and discard the medium between the upper and lower layers, and remove the mature adipocytes contained in the upper layer and the adipose stem cells and blood cells contained in the lower layer into 25 mL PBS (5% BSA, 1% antibiotic).
- the substance was washed twice.
- the mixture was separated into three layers, an upper layer and a lower layer, and a medium between the upper layer and the lower layer by centrifuging in the same manner as described above, and the medium between the upper layer and the lower layer was sucked and discarded. .. After washing twice, it was washed with 25 mL DMEM.
- ADSC Pellets containing ADSC were suspended in 10 mL of DMEM, seeded in a 10 cm dish, and subcultured. ADSC was separated from the dish using trypsin / EDTA, suspended in 1 mL of DMEM, and the number of cells was counted.
- HUVEC purchased from Lonza was suspended in 10 mL of DMEM, seeded in a 10 cm dish, and subcultured. HUVEC was separated from the dish using trypsin / EDTA, suspended in 1 mL of DMEM, and the number of cells was counted.
- Example 1 1 mg of CMF was weighed, 100 ⁇ L of DMEM was added and mixed gently until only small particles of CMF were observed. Centrifugation was carried out at room temperature at 10000 rpm for 1 minute, and the supernatant was aspirated to obtain CMF pellets.
- 0.3 mg of fibrinogen 50 mg / mL fibrinogen stock solution 6 ⁇ L was added and gently mixed with cells and CMF.
- adipocytes 300,000 cells of mature adipocytes were added and mixed gently. If necessary, a small amount of DMEM was added to adjust the total amount to 70 ⁇ L. Immediately 0.15 U thrombin (202 U / mL thrombin stock solution 0.71 ⁇ L) was added, mixed and then slowly seeded into transwells placed on 6-well adapters on 6-well plates.
- the cell structure is substantially spherical and has a vascular network between cells.
- Manufacturing example 2 A cell structure containing CMF, adipocytes and fibrin was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the total number of cells was left unchanged and a mixture in which all the cells were mature adipocytes was used.
- the cell structure is substantially spherical.
- the cell viability in the cell structure before and after freezing is measured by the Live / Dead (registered trademark) viability assay kit (Molecular Probes (registered trademark), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Whaltam). , Massachusetts, USA).
- the cell structures to be evaluated for cell viability were washed once with PBS and then stained with calcein and ethidium homodimer-1 in the dark at 37 ° C. for 45 minutes.
- the stained cell structures were imaged using an epifluorescent confocal quantitative image cytometer CQ1. After arranging the measurement conditions and procedures among the samples, a Z stack using the maximum intensity projection was executed and evaluated while maintaining the same exposure time and excitation output for each sample and time. I got the result. ImageJ software was used for projection analysis, calculating the percentage of each stain.
- the cell structure was added to the cryopreservation solution shown below.
- LaboBanker Tosk Co., Ltd.
- Mixture of 6% trehalose, 4% DMSO and 90% FBS hereinafter also referred to as "trehalose mixture"
- the tube containing the cell structure and cryopreservation solution was transferred into a freezing vessel capable of controlled slow freezing (1-2 ° C./min) and left at ⁇ 80 ° C. for 48 hours. Then, the tube was placed in a deep freezer (Japan Freezer, Osaka, Japan) and stored at ⁇ 160 ° C. After 7 and 30 days from storage, the frozen cell structures were washed in warm PBS and then thawed by adding them in DMEM at 37 ° C. and holding for 60 minutes. Cell viability was then assessed by incubation in warm PBS containing Live / Dead assay reagents for 45 minutes.
- Live / Dead images were obtained using the epi-fluorescence confocal quantitative image cytometer CQ1. After arranging the measurement conditions and procedures between the samples, a Z stack using the maximum intensity projection is executed and evaluated while maintaining the same exposure time and excitation output for each sample and time. I got the result. ImageJ software was used to analyze the projected images and the percentage of each stain was calculated.
- a cell structure thawed after cryopreservation for 30 days in a deep freezer was used.
- Four of the thawed cell structures were placed in the same well in a 24-well plate (EZ-BindShut TM II flat bottom) with EGM-2 medium containing 10 ⁇ g / mL insulin and medium every 2-3 days. Exchanged. After culturing the thawed cell structures for 7 days, it was confirmed whether the cell structures were fused with each other. Vascular binding was assessed by NileRed lipid staining and Hoechst contrast staining and CD31 immunostaining.
- a substantially spherical cell structure was cultured for 6 hours in DMEM medium containing only 1% BSA and not containing glucose and FBS to starve.
- Living cells were imaged using a confocal quantitative image cytometer CQ1 under the condition of 37 ° C. After arranging the measurement conditions and procedures between the samples, a Z stack using the maximum intensity projection is executed and evaluated while maintaining the same exposure time and excitation output for each sample and time. I got the result.
- FIG. 1 is a micrograph showing the evaluation results using the cell structure before freezing (day 0).
- FIG. 1 (A) shows the results of a cell structure (Production Example 2) containing CMF, adipocytes and fibrin and having no vascular network
- FIG. 1 (B) shows CMF, adipocytes, vascular endothelial cells and fibrin. The results of a cell structure having a vascular network (Production Example 1) are shown.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are micrographs showing the evaluation results of cell structures cryopreserved for 7 or 30 days using Labobanker or a trehalose mixture as a cryopreservation solution
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are production examples 2 and 3 respectively. The result of the cell structure of Production Example 1 is shown.
- the three-dimensional tissue structure (substantially spherical shape) is maintained even after cryopreservation and then thawing, and the cell structure is maintained. It was also confirmed that cells throughout the body were alive.
- FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B) are graphs showing the results of cell viability in the cell structure of Production Example 1 during the cryopreservation periods of 0 days, 7 days, and 30 days, respectively.
- FIG. 4A shows the results when Labobanker was used as the cryopreservation solution
- FIG. 4B shows the results when the trehalose mixture was used as the cryopreservation solution.
- the cell structure of Production Example 1 showed a high cell viability even when cryopreserved for 7 days and 30 days. There was no significant difference in cell viability in the cell structure between after cryopreservation and before cryopreservation (day 0).
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams showing the results of confirming whether the functionality of the cell structure after cryopreservation, particularly the function of mature adipocytes after cryopreservation, is maintained.
- FIG. 5 is an image showing the results of immunostaining with NileRed and CD31 on a sample obtained by cryopreserving for 30 days, thawing, and then culturing a plurality of cell structures in the same well for 7 days. .. As shown in FIG. 5, the fusion ability of the cell structures was confirmed when a plurality of cell structures were cultured in the same well for one week even after cryopreservation for 30 days. In addition, the binding of the vascular system between the cell structures was also confirmed.
- PI Hoechst and propidium iodide
- FIG. 6 shows the uptake of fatty acid, which is one of the functions of mature adipocytes, after the introduction of insulin, using a fluorescently labeled fatty acid dodecanoic acid (C 12 H 24 O 2 ) analog (BODIPY TM 500/510 C1, C12).
- This non-invasive assay evaluated fatty acid accumulation in monocellular intracellular lipid vesicles after 60 minutes.
- results described above are constructed from a single liposuction operation to provide stock that can be used to readjust the graft volume infused by subsequent injections, depending on the outcome of the volume loss. It is shown that the adipocyte tissue structure for the patient may be preserved.
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において「細胞」は、特に限定されないが、例えば、ヒト、サル、イヌ、ネコ、ウサギ、ブタ、ウシ、マウス、ラット等の哺乳類動物に由来する細胞であってよい。細胞の由来部位も特に限定されず、骨、筋肉、内臓、神経、脳、骨、皮膚、血液等に由来する体細胞であってもよく、生殖細胞であってもよい。さらに、細胞は、幹細胞であってもよく、また、初代培養細胞、継代培養細胞及び細胞株細胞等の培養細胞であってもよい。
断片化細胞外マトリックス成分は、細胞外マトリックス成分を断片化して得ることができる。本明細書において「細胞外マトリックス成分」とは、複数の細胞外マトリックス分子によって形成されている細胞外マトリックス分子の集合体である。細胞外マトリックスとは、生物において細胞の外に存在する物質を意味する。細胞外マトリックスとしては、細胞の生育及び細胞集合体の形成に悪影響を及ぼさない限り、任意の物質を用いることができる。具体例としては、コラーゲン、エラスチン、プロテオグリカン、フィブロネクチン、ヒアルロン酸、ラミニン、ビトロネクチン、テネイシン、エンタクチン及びフィブリリン等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。細胞外マトリックス成分は、これらの1種単独で用いてもよく、組み合わせて用いてもよい。細胞外マトリックス成分は、例えば、コラーゲン成分を含んでいてよく、コラーゲン成分であってもよい。本実施形態における細胞外マトリックス成分は、動物細胞の外に存在する物質、すなわち動物の細胞外マトリックス成分であることが好ましい。
(サンプルの調製)
凍結乾燥処理を行った細胞構造体の全量を6mol/L HClと混合し、ヒートブロックで95℃、20時間以上インキュベートした後、室温に戻す。13000gで10分遠心分離した後、サンプル溶液の上澄みを回収する。後述する測定において結果が検量線の範囲内に収まるように6mol/L HClで適宜希釈した後、200μLを100μLの超純水で希釈することでサンプルを調製する。サンプルは35μL用いる。
スクリューキャップチューブに125μLのスタンダード溶液(1200μg/mL in acetic acid)と、125μLの12mol/l HClを加え混合し、ヒートブロックで95℃、20時間インキュベートした後、室温に戻す。13000gで10分遠心分離した後、上澄みを超純水で希釈して300μg/mLのS1を作製し、S1を段階的に希釈してS2(200μg/mL)、S3(100μg/mL)、S4(50μg/mL)、S5(25μg/mL)、S6(12.5μg/mL)、S7(6.25μg/mL)を作製する。4mol/l HCl90μLのみのS8(0μg/mL)も準備する。
35μLのスタンダード及びサンプルをそれぞれプレート(QuickZyme Total Collagen Assayキット付属、QuickZyme Biosciences社)に加える。75μLのアッセイバッファ(上記キット付属)をそれぞれのウェルに加える。シールでプレートを閉じ、20分シェイキングしながら室温でインキュベートする。シールをはがし、75μLのdetection reagent (reagent A:B=30μL:45μL、上記キット付属)をそれぞれのウェルに加える。シールでプレートを閉じ、シェイキングで溶液を混合し、60℃で60分インキュベートする。氷上で十分に冷まし、シールをはがして570nmの吸光度を測定する。サンプルの吸光度をスタンダードと比較することでコラーゲン成分量を算出する。
本実施形態に係る細胞構造体は、フィブリンを含む。フィブリンは、フィブリノゲンにトロンビンが作用してAα鎖、Bβ鎖のN末端からA鎖、B鎖を放出して生ずる成分である。フィブリンはポリマーであり、一般的に水に不溶である。フィブリンは、フィブリノゲンと、トロンビンとを接触させることにより形成される。
(細胞及びコラーゲン)
・初代ヒト成熟脂肪細胞及びヒト脂肪幹細胞(ADSC)を得るためのヒト脂肪組織(太もも由来)(京都府立医科大学附属病院から提供)
・ヒト臍帯静脈由来血管内皮細胞(HUVEC)(ロンザ社製 #C-2517A)
・ウシ膵臓由来インスリン(シグマ社 #I1882)
・ウシ血漿由来トロンビン凍結乾燥粉末(シグマ社 #T4648)
・クロストリジウム ヒストリチクム由来コラゲナーゼI型(シグマ社 #C0130)
・ウシ血漿由来フィブリノゲンI-S型(シグマ社 #F8630)
・DMEM(高グルコース、ナカライテスク社)
・EGM-2MV BulletKit with growth factors(ロンザ社製 #C-2517A)
・EGM-2培地:500mLのEBM-2にEGM-2 supplement growth factorsと混合し、4℃で保存したもの
・10mg/mL インスリンストック溶液:上記ウシ膵臓由来インスリン100mgを水で希釈した1%氷酢酸溶液(pH≦2)10mLに溶かし、エッペンドルフチューブに等量分注し-20℃で保存したもの
・2mg/mL コラゲナーゼ溶液:BSA 2.5gをDMEM(0%FBS、1%抗生物質)50mLと混合しておく。6ウェルプレートすべての脂肪組織を消化するために、コラゲナーゼI型26mgをDMEM(0%FBS、5%BSA、1%抗生物質)13mLに混合し、孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過したものを使用。
・50mg/mL フィブリノゲンストック溶液:フィブリノゲン 50mgをエッペンドルフチューブに秤とり、DMEM(0%FBS、1%抗生物質)1mLをすぐに加える。手動でチューブを振って混合した後、37℃のウォーターバスに3~5分間置き、孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過し、エッペンドルフチューブに等量分注したものを使用。
・202U/mL トロンビンストック溶液:トロンビン 202Uをエッペンドルフチューブに秤とり、DMEM(0%FBS、1%抗生物質)1mLをすぐに加え、37℃のウォーターバスに3~5分間置いて溶解させる。その後、孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過し、エッペンドルフチューブに等量分注したものを使用。
ヒト脂肪組織断片を5%の抗生物質を含むPBSで洗浄した。4~6gの組織を6ウェルプレートの6ウェル分に分けた。2mg/mL コラゲナーゼ溶液2mL中ではさみ及びピンセットを使用しておよそ1~3mmのサイズに細かく切り刻んだ。37℃及び230rpmで1時間インキュベートした後、10mLピペットで30分間混合した。溶解物を孔径500μmの鉄メッシュフィルターでろ過し、1ウェル当たり2mLのDMEMを添加して消化された細胞すべてを回収した後、室温(15~25℃)下にて200gで3分間遠心した。成熟脂肪細胞は上層の黄色の油性層に、脂肪幹細胞及び血球はペレットに含まれる。長い針及び10mLシリンジを用いて、上層と下層の間の媒体を吸引及び廃棄し、上層に含まれる成熟脂肪細胞並びに下層に含まれる脂肪幹細胞及び血球を25mLのPBS(5%BSA、1%抗生物質)で二回洗浄した。洗浄を行う際には、上述したのと同様に遠心することで、上層及び下層、並びに、上層と下層の間の媒体の3層に分離し、上層と下層の間の媒体を吸引及び廃棄した。二回の洗浄をした後、25mLのDMEMで洗浄した。
製造例1
1mgのCMFを秤取り、DMEM 100μLを添加し、CMFの小さな粒子のみが観察されるようになるまで穏やかに混合した。室温下にて10000rpmで1分間遠心し、上清を吸引し、CMFペレットを得た。250000cellsのADSC及び125000cellsのHUVEC(ADSC:HUVEC=2:1)をCMFペレット上に穏やかに添加し、混合せず室温下にて3500rpmで1分間遠心し、上清を吸引した。0.3mgのフィブリノゲン(50mg/mL フィブリノゲンストック溶液6μL)を添加し、細胞及びCMFと穏やかに混合した。さらに300000cellsの成熟脂肪細胞を添加して穏やかに混合した。必要に応じて少量のDMEMを添加し、総量を70μLに調整した。すぐに0.15Uのトロンビン(202U/mL トロンビンストック溶液0.71μL)を添加し、混合した後、6ウェルプレート上の6ウェルアダプタ上に置いたトランスウェルに混合物をゆっくり播種した。
合計細胞数はそのままとし、細胞をすべて成熟脂肪細胞とした混合物を用いたこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、CMF、脂肪細胞及びフィブリンを含む細胞構造体を得た。当該細胞構造体は、略球状である。
上述した方法によって製造した細胞構造体について、凍結前後の細胞構造体中の細胞生存率をLive/Dead(登録商標)生存率アッセイキット(Molecular Probes(登録商標)、サーモフィッシャー・サイエンティフィック、Whaltam、マサチューセッツ州、米国)を用いて定量した。細胞生存率を評価する対象となる細胞構造体を、PBSで1回洗浄した後、暗所にて、37℃で、45分間カルセインおよびエチジウムホモダイマー-1で染色した。染色した細胞構造体を落射蛍光共焦点定量イメージサイトメーターCQ1を用いて画像化した。サンプル間で測定条件及び手順を揃えたうえで、最大値投影法(maximum intensity projection)を用いたZスタックを、各サンプルと時間に対して同じ露光時間と励起出力を維持しながら実行し、評価結果を得た。各染色のパーセンテージを計算して、ImageJソフトウェアを投影の分析に使用した。
LaboBanker(トスク株式会社)
6%トレハロース、4%DMSO及び90%FBSの混合物(以下、「トレハロース混合物」ともいう。)
細胞構造体及び凍結保存液を含むチューブを、制御された緩速凍結(1-2℃/分)が可能な凍結容器内に移し、-80℃で48時間置いた。その後、チューブをディープフリーザー(日本フリーザー、大阪、日本)に入れ、-160℃で保存した。保存から7日後および30日後、凍結させた細胞構造体は、温PBS中で洗浄した後、37℃のDMEM中添加して60分間保持することにより解凍した。次いで、Live/Deadアッセイ試薬を含む温PBS中で45分間インキュベートして、細胞生存率を評価した。
図1~3は、製造例1及び製造例2の細胞構造体を用いたLive/Deadアッセイの結果を示す図である。図1は、凍結前(0日目)の細胞構造体を用いた評価結果を示す顕微鏡写真である。図1(A)は、CMF、脂肪細胞及びフィブリンを含み、血管網を有しない細胞構造体(製造例2)の結果を示し、図1(B)はCMF、脂肪細胞、血管内皮細胞及びフィブリンを含み、血管網を有する細胞構造体(製造例1)の結果を示す。図2及び3は、凍結保存液としてLabobanker又はトレハロース混合物を用いて、7日間又は30日間凍結保存した細胞構造体の評価結果を示す顕微鏡写真であり、図2及び図3はそれぞれ製造例2及び製造例1の細胞構造体の結果を示す。
Claims (7)
- 断片化細胞外マトリックス成分、細胞及びフィブリンを含み、三次元組織構造を有する細胞構造体を凍結させることを含む、細胞構造体の凍結方法。
- 前記細胞構造体が、細胞間に血管網を有する、請求項1に記載の細胞構造体の凍結方法。
- 前記細胞が少なくとも脂肪細胞を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の細胞構造体の凍結方法。
- 前記細胞構造体を-160℃の条件下で保持することを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の細胞構造体の凍結方法。
- 凍結させた前記細胞構造体を7日間以上凍結状態で保持することを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の細胞構造体の凍結方法。
- 凍結させた前記細胞構造体が、解凍した後において、前記三次元組織構造及び/又は機能を維持している、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の細胞構造体の凍結方法。
- 凍結させる前の前記細胞構造体中の細胞生存数に対する、凍結させた前記細胞構造体の解凍後の細胞生存数の比が、80%以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の細胞構造体の凍結方法。
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