JP2020524002A - 三次元組織組成物及び使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年6月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/521,137号明細書の優先権を主張し、その明細書の全体を参照により本明細書に組み込む。
他に説明されない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべての技術用語及び科学用語は、開示された発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。単数形の用語「a」、「an」及び「the」は、文脈がそうでないことを明確に示していない限り、複数の指示対象を含む。同様に、語句「又は」は、文脈がそうでないことを明確に示していない限り、「及び」を含むことが意図される。用語「含む(comprising)」は、提示される定義された要素に加えて他の要素も存在し得ることを意味する。「含む(comprising)」の使用は、限定ではなく包含を示す。すなわち、用語「含む(comprising)」は、「主に含むが、必ずしもそれだけではない」ことを意味する。さらに、語句「含む(comprising)」の変形、例えば、「含む(comprise)」及び「含む(comprises)」は、対応して同じ意味を有する。1つの観点では、本発明にとって不可欠な、本明細書に記載の組成物、方法及びそのそれぞれの構成要素に関連する本明細書に記載の技術は、不可欠であろうとなかろうと、特定されていない要素の包含も受け入れる(「含む(comprising)」)。
本明細書の操作された組織組成物に使用される足場(scaffold)は、様々な種類の材料、様々な大きさの材料、様々な構成などから構築され得る。特定の実施形態では、足場は複数の繊維を含み、繊維は、それらの間に配置される複数の細孔をもたらすように一緒に配置される(例えば、織られる)。足場は繊維構成に限定されない。特定の実施形態では、足場は、フィルム、スポンジ、ゲル、溶液などを含む。代替の足場の非限定的な例は、ポリマー、タンパク質、組換えペプチド、例えば、ヒトI型コラーゲンから構築されたスポンジ又はフィルムである。スポンジ及びフィルムについては以下でさらに説明する。
足場は異方性であってよく、例えば、足場の機械的特性は、一方向では他の方向と異なっていてもよい。または、足場は等方性であってよい。足場は、強度及び柔軟性に関連する様々な機械的特性を有する。
細孔の密度、例えば、単位面積当たりの細孔の数(例えば、足場の1mm2当たりの細孔の数)は、細胞が足場全体にわたって効率的に増殖するのに役立ち得る。いくつかの実施形態では、細孔は密集し、及び/又はわずかに重なり合う細孔の上に配置される。ただし、本発明は、密集した細孔、又はわずかに重なり合う細孔の上に配置された細孔に限定されない。さらに、細孔の密度は、足場に使用される材料の種類、足場の厚さ、足場の織りの種類などに依存し得る。いくつかの実施形態では、足場は1cm2当たり1〜1,000個の細孔を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、足場は1cm2当たり10〜1,000個の細孔を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、足場は1cm2当たり100〜1,000個の細孔を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、足場は1mm2当たり100〜1,000個の細孔を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、足場は1mm2当たり100〜500個の細孔を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、足場は1mm2当たり200〜1,000個の細孔を有する。細孔密度はまた、経時的に変化し得る。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、足場の成分(例えば、繊維及び/又はペプチドなど)が分解し(例えば、生分解する、再吸収される、吸収されるなど)、足場に元々存在していたものとは異なる細孔密度を生じる可能性がある。
前述のように、本発明の操作された組織組成物は、細胞外マトリックス(ECM)材料を含む。ECMは、ECM生成細胞によって生成され得るが、本発明は、ECM生成細胞によって生成されたECMに限定されない。特定の実施形態では、ECMは合成由来材料のみを含む。特定の実施形態では、ECMは、生物由来材料(例えば、ECM生成細胞によって生成されたECM)を含む。特定の実施形態では、ECMは、生物由来材料と合成由来材料との組合せを含む。一例として、合成的に生成されたコラーゲン及びフィブロネクチンなどの材料(及び同様のもの、例えば、本明細書で説明される材料)を組み合わせて、ECM生成細胞を必要とせずにECMを形成してもよい。
本発明の組織組成物は、播種細胞を含んでもよい。播種細胞は、任意の適切な細胞型(及び任意の適切な宿主由来のもの、又は普遍的な細胞になるように遺伝子改変されたもの)であってよい。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、種細胞はヒト細胞である。いくつかの実施形態では、種細胞は、マウス細胞、ラット細胞、ヤギ細胞、ウサギ細胞、ウマ細胞、イヌ、ネコ、又は任意の他の宿主由来細胞である。種細胞は、血液、心組織、骨格筋組織、肝組織、膵組織、肺組織、骨組織、臍帯組織、内皮組織、中枢神経系組織、胃腸組織、内分泌細胞、傍分泌細胞、酵素分泌細胞、その幹細胞、その前駆細胞、原核生物、真核生物若しくは他の酸素放出粒子又はそれらの組合せに関連し得る。播種細胞は、ECM生成細胞と同じドナーに由来し得ることに留意されたい。特定の実施形態では、播種細胞は、ECM生成細胞のドナーとは異なるドナーに由来する。
特定の実施形態では、組織組成物(tissue composition)は、生体材料(例えば、足場のみ、播種細胞を有しECM生成細胞を有しない足場、播種細胞及びECM生成細胞を有する足場、ECM生成細胞を有する足場など)及び増殖性細胞集団を含む。例えば、組織組成物は、足場及びECM(ECM生成細胞の有無を問わず)及び増殖性細胞集団を含んでもよい。特定の実施形態では、組織組成物は、生体材料及び非増殖性細胞集団を含む。例えば、組織組成物は、足場及びECM(ECM生成細胞の有無を問わず)及び非増殖性細胞集団を含んでもよい。組織組成物は、3〜500細胞層厚の細胞層を有し得るが、本発明は、この構成、又は細胞層の範囲に限定されない。本明細書の組織組成物は、所望の厚さを達成するために、因子(例えば、FGF)、他の増殖性サイトカイン、増殖因子又はそれらの組合せとともに培養され得る。
本発明の操作された組織組成物(例えば、心筋細胞を特徴とする)は、1つ以上の機械的パラメーター、電気生理学的パラメーター、化学的パラメーター、生化学的パラメーター(増殖因子、代謝産物、イオンチャネルなど)又はそれらの組合せについて評価することができる。機械的パラメーター又は電気生理学的パラメーターには、限定するものではないが、収縮率、収縮/弛緩速度、一定の収縮力、一定でない収縮力、変位速度、変位力、インパルスの方向性、インパルスの速度、電場電位、振幅、捕捉閾値、変時反応、刺激後の興奮順序、機能的ギャップ結合形成、電気的ペーシングに対する応答、電場電位振幅、伝導速度、伝播パターン、ギャップ結合分析又はそれらの組合せが挙げられ得る。
本発明はまた、本発明の組織組成物を有するプラットフォームを特徴とする。例えば、本発明は、単一ウェルプレート(単一ウェルを有する)を特徴とし、本発明の操作された組織組成物は、その中のウェルに堆積される。本発明はまた、2つ以上のウェルを有するマルチウェルプレートを特徴とし、本発明の操作された組織組成物は、その中の少なくとも1つのウェルに堆積される。マルチウェルプレートは、2ウェル、4ウェル、6ウェル、8ウェル、12ウェル、24ウェル、48ウェル、96ウェル、96を超えるウェル、2〜12ウェル、12〜24ウェル、24〜48ウェル、48〜96ウェルなどを有してもよい。本発明はまた、ウェル、トラフ、又はチューブ、トレイなどの任意の他の適切な培養装置内にウェルを有する、操作された組織組成物のためのプラットフォームを特徴とする。本発明は、組織組成物を培養、維持及び/又は保存するためのプラットフォームとしての培養ディッシュに限定されない。
本発明の組織組成物は、様々な目的、例えば、インビボ使用、インビトロ使用、例えば、患者への移植、インビトロアッセイ、細胞分化プラットフォームなどに使用され得る。例えば、本発明は、組織を修復する方法(例えば、疾患又は症状、外傷などによって影響を受けた組織など)を特徴とし、本発明の組織組成物は患部組織に移植されて、患部組織の機能を高める。非限定的な例として、心組織組成物(心筋細胞を特徴とする)が、目的の心組織に移植されてもよく、操作された組織組成物は心組織の機能を高める。疾患又は症状には、(限定するものではないが)不整脈、心不全、心筋梗塞、不整脈誘発性心筋症(例えば、QT延長症候群(LQTS)、QT短縮症候群(SQTS)、ブルガダ症候群、カテコールアミン誘発性多形性心室性頻拍(CPVT)、不整脈誘発性右室心筋症(ARVC)、拡張型心筋症(例えば、肥大型心筋症、左室緻密化障害、トランスサイレチンアミロイドーシス、遺伝性ヘモクロマトーシス、ラソパシー(Noonanスペクトラム障害としても知られる))、何らかの他の後天性の心疾患若しくは損傷、又は何らかの他の先天性の心疾患若しくは損傷が挙げられ得る。
例1は、本発明の組織組成物を生成する方法の例を記載している。本発明は、本明細書のこの例の特徴に限定されない。(1)液体窒素からヒト真皮線維芽細胞(HDF)を取り出し、温め、培養ディッシュ内で培養する。(2)HDFを約8回継代し(約20継代まで継代することができる)、各継代は細胞が約80%コンフルエントになった際に行う。(3)適切な継代で、細胞を採取する(トリプシンなどを用いて培養ディッシュから細胞を除去してもよいか、細胞をこすり取ってもよい)。(4)組織培養ディッシュ(例えば、60mmディッシュ)に足場を入れる。足場は、任意の適切な形状及び大きさであってよく、組織培養ディッシュは、円形の60mmディッシュに限定されないことに留意されたい。例えば、足場及びディッシュは長方形、正方形などであってよい。(5)足場にHDFを適用する。細胞数(及び体積、したがって細胞の濃度)は既知である。HDFの凍結保存バイアルは、温め、継代せずに足場に直接播種することができることに留意されたい。(6)HDFの播種には、重力、揺動及び/又は遠心分離が使用されてもよい。(7)特定の期間、例えば、30日間にわたって足場−HDF培養物を培養してもよい。線維芽細胞の準備ができたら、例えば、遠心分離を使用して、細胞の別の集団(例えば、心筋細胞などの播種細胞)を播種することができる。(8)播種細胞は、特定の期間、例えば、2日間にわたって組織組成物上で培養され得る。(9)本明細書に記載されるように、組織組成物は、場合により凍結保存することができるか(例えば、制御された速度凍結プロトコルを使用して)、組織組成物は、様々な目的、例えば、外科的移植、インビトロ薬物試験などのために直ちに使用することができる。
例2は、本発明の組織組成物を記載している。本発明は、例2に記載された方法及び特徴に限定されない。心筋前駆細胞を用いて試験を行った。本発明者らは、驚くべきことに、構築物(組織組成物)内の心細胞層が、先に記載されたものよりもはるかに厚いこと、例えば、細胞層が1〜50細胞であった(図7Aを参照)ことを見出した。心筋前駆細胞は増殖性であり、培養期間中に複製し続ける。この移植片(組織組成物)を慢性心不全(CHF)の齧歯類モデルに移植すると、心機能が改善された(図7B、図7C並びに表1、表2及び表3を参照)。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の組織組成物は、心臓の心外膜上に移植され得る同種異系凍結保存心臓移植片である。いくつかのデータは、これらの移植片が心室性頻拍に対する感受性を低下させることができることを示している。さらに、これらの前駆細胞は、心臓特異的中胚葉系統細胞(内皮細胞、平滑筋細胞及び心筋細胞)に分化する能力を有する。本発明を何らかの理論又は機構に限定することを望むものではないが、線維芽細胞移植片の増殖因子環境は、インビトロで心細胞の分化を促進及び誘導するのに役立つ可能性がある。
例3は、本発明の組織組成物を記載している。本発明は、例3に記載された方法及び特徴に限定されない。例3は、線維芽細胞及び心筋細胞を播種し、心不全ラットの機能的利益について評価した、低速分解メッシュ足場を記載している。また、組織組成物を凍結保存し、移植前に再構成した。データは、移植後、及び移植後3〜7週間の機能改善を示している。
Claims (20)
- 組織組成物であって、
a.内部に細孔を有する足場であり、前記足場の少なくとも一部は低速分解材料から構成され、前記低速分解材料は、培養又は移植後1カ月以上の時間枠内で再吸収されるか、吸収されるか、又は分解する、前記足場と、
b.前記足場上、又は前記足場上及び前記足場内に配置された細胞外マトリックス(ECM)材料と、
を含む組織組成物。 - 前記低速分解材料が、タンパク質、ポリマー又は複数の繊維を含む、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記組織組成物が、移植中にそれ自体の上に自発的に折り重ならない、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記足場が、500μm〜1200μmの細孔径を有する、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記足場の少なくとも一部が、対象への移植後3年までの時間枠内で再吸収性、吸収性又は分解性である、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記足場の少なくとも一部が、非再吸収性である、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記組織組成物が、前記ECM中にECM生成細胞をさらに含み、前記ECM生成細胞が生きているか、死んでいるか、又は前記ECM生成細胞の一部が死んでいる、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記ECM生成細胞が、最初に前記足場上に播種され、続いて前記ECMを生成する、請求項7に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記ECMが、前記ECM生成細胞の播種前に前記足場上に堆積される、請求項7に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記組織組成物が細胞層を有し、前記細胞層が3〜500細胞層厚である、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記ECM中又は前記ECM上に播種された播種細胞をさらに含み、前記播種細胞が、幹細胞、胚性幹細胞、胚性幹細胞由来細胞、人工多能性幹細胞由来細胞、前駆細胞、心細胞、骨格筋細胞、平滑筋細胞、肝細胞、膵細胞、肺細胞、骨細胞、臍帯細胞、内皮細胞、中枢神経系細胞、胃腸細胞、内分泌細胞、唾液細胞、間葉系幹細胞、線維芽細胞又は傍分泌細胞である、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記播種細胞が、スフェロイドとして、又は細胞シートの形態、ゲルの形態若しくは発泡体の形態で播種される、請求項11に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記播種細胞が層を形成し、前記層が3つ以上の細胞の厚さである、請求項11に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記組織組成物が、1つ以上の機械的パラメーター、電気生理学的パラメーター、化学的パラメーター、生化学的パラメーター又はそれらの組合せについて評価され得る、請求項11に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記播種細胞が収縮性細胞であり、前記組織組成物が0〜50bpmの拍動数又は0〜120bpmの拍動数を有する、請求項11に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記組織組成物が凍結保存されている、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記組織組成物が、鉗子又は手で取り扱われた際に構造的完全性を維持する、請求項1に記載の組織組成物。
- 組織組成物であって、
a.内部に細孔を有する複数の組換えペプチドから構築された足場と、
b.前記足場上、又は前記足場上及び前記足場内に配置された細胞外マトリックス(ECM)材料と、
を含む組織組成物。 - 前記組織組成物が、前記ECM中にECM生成細胞をさらに含み、前記ECM生成細胞が、生きているか、死んでいるか、又は前記ECM生成細胞の一部が死んでいる、請求項18に記載の組織組成物。
- 前記ECM中又は前記ECM上に播種された播種細胞をさらに含み、前記播種細胞が、幹細胞、胚性幹細胞、胚性幹細胞由来細胞、人工多能性幹細胞由来細胞、前駆細胞、心細胞、骨格筋細胞、平滑筋細胞、肝細胞、膵細胞、肺細胞、骨細胞、臍帯細胞、内皮細胞、中枢神経系細胞、胃腸細胞、内分泌細胞、唾液細胞、間葉系幹細胞、線維芽細胞又は傍分泌細胞である、請求項18に記載の組織組成物。
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WO2018232323A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
AU2018283372A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
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