WO2022088600A1 - 一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠 - Google Patents

一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022088600A1
WO2022088600A1 PCT/CN2021/082905 CN2021082905W WO2022088600A1 WO 2022088600 A1 WO2022088600 A1 WO 2022088600A1 CN 2021082905 W CN2021082905 W CN 2021082905W WO 2022088600 A1 WO2022088600 A1 WO 2022088600A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
movable
fixed frame
longitudinal beam
shaped
bumper
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PCT/CN2021/082905
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛红涛
丁殿勇
吴蒙
张子鸣
Original Assignee
江苏大学
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Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to GB2113696.5A priority Critical patent/GB2604959B/en
Priority to US17/439,411 priority patent/US11608018B2/en
Publication of WO2022088600A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022088600A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
    • B60R19/38—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles adjustably or movably mounted, e.g. horizontally displaceable for securing a space between parked vehicles
    • B60R19/40—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles adjustably or movably mounted, e.g. horizontally displaceable for securing a space between parked vehicles in the direction of an obstacle before a collision, or extending during driving of the vehicle, i.e. to increase the energy absorption capacity of the bumper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
    • B60R19/26—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
    • B60R19/36—Combinations of yieldable mounting means of different types

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobile bumpers, in particular to an active extension type automobile front bumper.
  • the bumper is an essential safety device for the car, its function is to absorb and buffer the external impact force and protect the body from direct impact.
  • the current automobile bumper is composed of three parts: the outer plate, the buffer material and the beam.
  • the outer plate and the buffer material are made of plastic, the beam is punched from a cold-rolled sheet to form a U-shaped groove, and the outer plate and the buffer material are attached to the beam.
  • the energy-absorbing effect of the bumper is getting stronger and stronger, the rigid connection is used between it and the frame.
  • only passive buffer energy absorption is performed and the buffer distance is short. In the event of a larger collision, It utilizes the deformation of the bumper to absorb energy so that the ability to resist impact is weak, and the buffering effect is not good.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide an active extension type automobile front bumper, the bumper is extended forward through the active extension mechanism in the working state to increase the buffer distance of the bumper, and can be used in multiple
  • the energy absorption method absorbs the energy generated in the collision, reduces the damage to the body, reduces the injury to the driver and passengers, and improves the driving safety of the car.
  • a fixed and left-right symmetrical U-shaped fixed frame is arranged directly behind the bumper;
  • the cross beam and the left and right longitudinal beams are composed.
  • the rear side wall of the cross beam of the U-shaped fixed frame is rigidly connected with three fixed sleeves distributed on the left, middle and right, and each fixed sleeve is sleeved with a gap in the middle.
  • each impact bar passes through the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame and is fixedly connected to the bumper, and the rear end of each impact bar extends out of the fixed sleeve and is fixedly connected to a horizontally arranged movable beam;
  • Each of the left and right longitudinal beams of the U-shaped fixed frame is a movable longitudinal beam that can move forward and backward.
  • the left and right ends of the movable transverse beam are respectively extended in the left and right longitudinal beams of the corresponding U-shaped fixed frame, and the fixed connection corresponds to
  • the front end of the movable longitudinal beam, the rear end of each movable longitudinal beam is fixedly connected with a hydraulic mechanism; an energy absorption mechanism is arranged between the two adjacent fixed sleeves, and each energy absorption mechanism includes a front and rear horizontal Fixed rack, the front end of the fixed rack is rigidly connected to the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame, the left and right side walls of the fixed rack are provided with helical teeth and the helical teeth are inclined forward, and the two movable racks are distributed in the fixed rack.
  • the helical teeth of the two movable racks are inclined backward and mesh with the helical teeth of the fixed rack; the left and right sides of the fixed rack are also provided with a T-shaped spring seat.
  • the end is rigidly connected to the movable beam, and the left and right horizontal return springs are connected between the T-shaped spring seat and the movable rack on the same side;
  • a high-strength spring is arranged inside the sleeve, and the high-strength spring is sleeved on the rear section of the impact rod with a gap; each longitudinal beam of each U-shaped fixed frame is connected with a positioning mechanism that can lock the movable longitudinal beam, The two hydraulic mechanisms simultaneously drive the movable longitudinal beam and the movable transverse beam to push forward, the movable transverse beam pushes the T-shaped spring seat and the impact rod forward, and the bumper reaches the extension end point.
  • the present invention adds an energy absorption mechanism and an active extension mechanism, and realizes the change of the distance between the bumper and the vehicle body by setting the active extension mechanism and the energy absorption mechanism. , which increases the buffer distance of the bumper.
  • the bumper is driven by the hydraulic mechanism in the working state, and extends forward through the active extension mechanism to increase the buffer distance of the bumper.
  • the active extension mechanism is pushed to extend along the fixed direction, and is positioned and extended by the positioning pin. The location of the end point.
  • the energy generated during the collision can be absorbed by high-strength springs, energy-absorbing mechanisms and hydraulic mechanisms in a multi-stage energy-absorbing manner.
  • the bumper first bears the impact force and transmits it to the impact rod and high-strength spring, which is buffered by the spring. Part of the impact energy, and then the impact rod pushes the movable beam to drive the racks in the energy-absorbing mechanism to shear each other and absorb part of the energy generated by the impact, and then the hydraulic mechanism absorbs part of the impact energy.
  • the mechanism realizes the multi-stage buffering of the collision energy, achieves the variable distance between the bumper and the fixed frame, increases the buffer distance and absorbs the collision energy in multiple stages, improves the practicability of the bumper design, and can effectively reduce the Body damage, reduce the damage to the occupants in the car, and improve the driving safety of the car.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the initial state of an active extension type automobile front bumper according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the sectional enlarged view of A-A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the sectional enlarged view of B-B in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of I in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of II in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is the state schematic diagram after the present invention extends forward from the initial state shown in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of C-C in Figure 6;
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of part III in FIG. 6 .
  • the driving direction of the vehicle is now defined as “front”, and its opposite direction is “rear”; the bumper 1 in Figure 1 is in the front, and the movable beam 5 is in the rear; the bumper 1 is symmetrical on both sides, relative to the bumper When the central axis of 1 moves in the left and right direction, the central axis close to bumper 1 is “inner”, otherwise it is “outer”.
  • a U-shaped fixed frame 8 is arranged directly behind the bumper 1 , and the U-shaped fixed frame 8 is fixed and symmetrically arranged.
  • the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 faces directly rearward, and is composed of a front beam and a longitudinal beam on the left and the right. Both the beam and the longitudinal beam are rectangular plates.
  • the transverse beams are solid beams arranged in the left-right direction, and the two longitudinal beams are hollow beams arranged in the front-rear direction.
  • Three fixing sleeves 3 are rigidly connected to the rear side wall of the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8.
  • the three fixing sleeves 3 are distributed on the left, middle and right. 3.
  • the central axis is collinear with the central axis of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 and the bumper 1, and the left fixed sleeve 3 and the right fixed sleeve 3 are symmetrical with respect to the middle fixed sleeve 3.
  • a striker rod 2 is sleeved coaxially in the middle of each fixing sleeve 3 with a gap, and the three striker rods 2 have the same structure.
  • the front end of each striker 2 passes through the corresponding through hole on the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 and is rigidly connected to the bumper 1 , and the rear end of each striker 2 protrudes out of the fixing sleeve 3 and is fixed to the bumper 1 .
  • Connect a left and right horizontally arranged movable beam 5 and the movable beam 5 is directly behind the three fixed sleeves 3 .
  • the movable beam 5, the impact bar 2 and the bumper 1 can move forward and backward at the same time.
  • the left and right ends of the movable beam 5 are respectively extended in the left and right longitudinal beams of the U-shaped fixed frame 8, and square grooves are opened on the left and right longitudinal beams, and the notch of the square groove is opened on the inner side wall of the longitudinal beam, facing the longitudinal beam.
  • the left and right ends of the movable beam 5 are extended in the square groove, and the movable beam 5 can move back and forth in the left and right square grooves.
  • An energy absorbing mechanism is provided between the left fixing sleeve 3 and the middle fixing sleeve 3 and between the right fixing sleeve 3 and the middle fixing sleeve 3 , that is, two adjacent fixing sleeves 3 There is an energy absorbing mechanism in between.
  • the two energy absorbing mechanisms have the same structure and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle fixed sleeve 3 .
  • Each energy absorbing mechanism includes a movable rack 4 , a T-shaped spring seat 9 , a return spring 10 and a fixed rack 11 .
  • the front end of each energy absorbing mechanism is connected to the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 , and the rear end is connected to the movable beam 5 .
  • a movable longitudinal beam 7 is installed in each of the square grooves of the two longitudinal beams of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 , and the movable longitudinal beam 7 can move back and forth in the longitudinal beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 .
  • the front ends of the left and right movable longitudinal beams 7 are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the movable transverse beam 5 .
  • the movable longitudinal beam 7 moves back and forth, it can drive the movable transverse beam 5 to move forward and backward.
  • the rear ends of the two longitudinal beams of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 are each connected to a hydraulic cylinder assembly 6 , the hydraulic cylinder assembly 6 extends into the square groove of the corresponding longitudinal beam, and the front end of the hydraulic cylinder assembly 6 is fixedly connected to the movable longitudinal beam 7 rear end.
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly 6 works, the movable longitudinal beam 7 is pushed to move forward and backward, thereby driving the movable cross beam 5, the three impact bars 2 and the bumper 1 to move forward and backward.
  • each impact rod 2 is a variable diameter cylindrical rod in the shape of a stepped rod, with a large diameter in the front section and a small diameter in the rear section.
  • a high-strength spring 12 is arranged inside each fixed sleeve 3, and the high-strength spring 12 is sleeved on the rear section of the impact rod 2 with a gap.
  • the outer diameter of the high-strength spring 12 is smaller than the diameter of the front section of the impact rod 2.
  • the front end of the strength spring 12 can be pressed against the stepped surface of the impact rod 2 , and the rear end of the high strength spring 12 is rigidly connected to the inner bottom surface of the rear of the fixing sleeve 3 .
  • the rear end of the striker rod 2 protrudes from the fixed sleeve 3 and is fixedly connected to the movable beam 5 . In the initial state, the high-strength spring 12 is in a compressed state.
  • each longitudinal beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 is provided with a long guide rail arranged in the front-rear direction, and the long guide rail is provided on the upper and lower inner walls of the longitudinal beam.
  • Each movable longitudinal beam 7 is provided with a pulley 13 on the upper and lower side walls, and the pulley 13 cooperates with the long guide rail on the longitudinal beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 to facilitate the sliding of the movable longitudinal beam 7 to extend forward.
  • the active extension mechanism is composed of the linked impact rod 2 , the movable beam 5 , the movable longitudinal beam 7 , the high-strength spring 12 , the pulley 13 , and the like.
  • each positioning mechanism is connected to each longitudinal beam of each U-shaped fixed frame 8 , and each positioning mechanism includes a pin sleeve 14 , a pin spring 15 , and a pin 16 .
  • the pin sleeve 14 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the longitudinal beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 by screws 17.
  • the pin sleeve 14 is arranged horizontally on the left and right sides.
  • the rigid connection pin sleeve 14, the outer end rigidly connects the inner end of the pin 16, under the action of the pin spring 15, the outer end of the pin 16 can locate and lock the movable longitudinal beam 7 after extending into the longitudinal beam. in a compressed state.
  • each energy absorbing mechanism includes a fixed rack 11 , the fixed rack 11 is arranged horizontally in front and rear, the front end of the fixed rack 11 is rigidly connected to the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 , and the rear end of the fixed rack 11 is rigidly connected to the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8
  • the left and right side walls of the fixed rack 11 are provided with helical teeth, which is a double-sided rack structure.
  • the horizontal cross section of the T-shaped spring seat 9 is T-shaped.
  • the rear end of the T-shaped spring seat 9 is rigidly connected to the movable beam 5.
  • the T-shaped spring seat The front end of 9 has a distance from the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 , which is greater than the length of the movable beam 5 extending forward.
  • the T-shaped spring seat 9 is not in contact with the beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 .
  • the two T-shaped spring seats 9 are arranged symmetrically around the center of the fixed rack 11 .
  • the helical teeth on both sides of the fixed rack 11 mesh with a movable rack 4 respectively.
  • the helical teeth of the fixed rack 11 are inclined forward, and the helical teeth of the movable rack 4 are inclined backward, meshing with each other between the T-shaped spring seat 9 and the movable rack 4 on the same side to connect the return spring 10, and the return spring 10 Arranged horizontally.
  • Two return springs 10 are respectively connected between each movable rack 4 and the corresponding T-shaped spring seat 9 , and the two return springs 10 are arranged in tandem.
  • One end of the return spring 10 is rigidly connected to the T-shaped spring seat 9 , the other end is rigidly connected to the movable rack 4 , and is rigidly connected to the toothless side of the movable rack 4 .
  • a corresponding circular groove is provided on the T-shaped spring seat 9 for installing the return spring 10 .
  • the front and rear surfaces of the movable rack 4 are provided with grooves, and a short guide rail is provided on the T-shaped spring seat 9 for matching with the grooves on the front end of the movable rack 4.
  • a short guide rail of the same specification is also provided on the front end surface of the rack 4, which is used to match the groove on the rear end surface of the movable rack 4.
  • a single energy absorbing mechanism consists of two movable racks 4 , two T-shaped spring seats 9 , four return springs 10 and one fixed rack 11 .
  • the two energy absorbing mechanisms take the central axis of the bumper 1 as the axis, and are symmetrically distributed in the interval between the two adjacent fixing sleeves 3 .
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly 6 constitutes a hydraulic mechanism, and the hydraulic cylinder assembly 6 includes a hydraulic cylinder 6a and a piston rod 6b.
  • the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 6a is fixedly connected to the rear end of the longitudinal beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8, and the piston top rod 6b extends forward from the hydraulic cylinder 6a in the longitudinal beam of the U-shaped fixed frame 8 and is fixedly connected to the movable longitudinal beam 7 rear end.
  • the piston top rod 6b can move in the front-rear direction, thereby driving the movable longitudinal beam 7 to move back and forth.
  • the initial state is shown in FIG. 1 , and all parts including the U-shaped fixed frame 8 are regarded as being in a relatively static state with the vehicle body.
  • the distance to the obstacle and the vehicle in front is dynamically measured by the on-board radar ranging device, the current speed of the vehicle is measured by the vehicle speed sensor, and the measured distance and speed signals are fed back to the ECU control unit through the sensor device.
  • the ECU control unit sends an instruction in advance, the hydraulic mechanism is driven by the electric motor to work, and the oil pump gives a certain oil pressure to the hydraulic cylinder 6a, so that the piston top rod 6b pushes forward and pushes the movable longitudinal beam 7, and the movable longitudinal beam 7
  • the pulley 13 is pushed forward along the long guide rail, which drives the movable beam 5 to push forward together.
  • the movable beam 5 pushes the rigidly connected T-shaped spring seat 9, and then pushes the movable rack 4 forward, and the movable beam 5 simultaneously pushes the rigid connection in its
  • the striker bar 2 on the front surface during the extension process of the striker bar 2, the high-strength spring 12 is restored from the compressed state to the original state, as shown in FIG. 7, and finally the bumper 1 is pushed forward by the striker bar 2, as shown in FIG.
  • the active extension of the movable cross beam 5 and the movable longitudinal beam 7 is realized.
  • the pin 16 When the bumper 1 reaches the end of the extension, the pin 16 is ejected by the elastic force of the pin spring 15 installed in the pin sleeve 14, and enters the circular groove on the inner side of the movable longitudinal beam 7 that is matched with the pin 16 to fix the movable longitudinal beam 7. , plays a positioning role, and after the extension ends, the pin spring 16 is restored from the compressed state to the original state, as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the bumper 1 When a vehicle collision accident occurs, the bumper 1 is stressed and transmits the force to the three impact bars 2, the impact bars 2 move backward, and the first-stage energy absorption is realized by compressing the high-strength spring 12, which buffers part of the energy generated by the collision. .
  • the impact bar 2 pushes the movable beam 5 backward, and the movable beam 5 drives the T-shaped spring seat 9 to move backward, so that the movable rack 4 and the helical teeth of the fixed rack 11 shear each other, and the movable rack 4 and the fixed rack 11. Destructive shearing, so that the second-level energy absorption is realized through the energy absorption mechanism, and the energy generated by part of the collision is absorbed.
  • the movable beam 5 drives the movable longitudinal beam 7 backward, and the pin 17 fixing the movable longitudinal beam 7 is cut off,
  • the movable crossbeam 5 moves backward and makes the movable longitudinal beam 7 push the piston rod 6b to move backwards, so as to realize the third-level energy absorption and absorb some of the energy generated by the collision, thereby effectively reducing the collision energy transmitted to the vehicle body and the cab.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠，U型固定车架（8）的横梁的后侧壁上刚性连接三个固定套筒（3），每个固定套筒（3）内部中间有间隙地套有一个撞击杆（2），每个撞击杆（2）的前端都穿过U型固定车架（8）的横梁后固定连接保险杠（1），每个撞击杆（2）的后端均固定连接一个左右水平布置的活动横梁（5），U型固定车架（8）的左右纵梁中各是一个能前后移动的活动纵梁（7），活动横梁（5）左右端分别伸在对应的U型固定车架（8）的左右纵梁中且固定连接活动纵梁（7）前端，每个活动纵梁（7）后端各固定连接一个液压机构；相邻两个固定套筒（3）之间各设有一个吸能机构，通过主动延伸机构和吸能机构实现保险杠与车身之间距离的改变，高强度弹簧、吸能机构和液压机构以多级吸能的方式吸收碰撞时产生的能量。

Description

一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车保险杠技术领域，具体涉及一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠。
背景技术
保险杠是汽车的必备安全装置，其作用是吸收和缓冲外界冲击力、保护车身不受到直接撞击。目前的汽车保险杠是由外板、缓冲材料和横梁三部分组成，其中外板和缓冲材料用塑料制成，横梁用冷轧薄板冲压而成U形槽，外板和缓冲材料附着在横梁上，尽管保险杠的吸能作用越来越强，但其与车架之间采用的是刚性连接，在碰撞过程中仅进行被动缓冲吸能且缓冲距离较短，在发生较大的碰撞时，其利用保险杠变形吸能从而抵抗冲击的能力较弱，缓冲效果不佳，仍然有较大的冲击能量会传递至车身，对车内人员造成较大的伤害。目前，延伸保险杠与车架之间的距离，增加保险杠缓冲能力可视为提高保险杠安全性能的有效方法，例如中国专利号为201611046647.3、名称为一种外延蓄能式汽车前保险杠公开的方案，其能增加保险杠的缓冲距离，但是其需要通过预先操作旋转手柄来调节缓冲间隙，因受到车距的限制而无法最大化延伸保险杠，不能实现汽车保险杠正常与工作间的状态切换，且无额外吸能装置，保险杠的吸能效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠，保险杠在工作状态下通过主动延伸机构向前延伸并增加保险杠的缓冲距离，且能够以多级吸能的方式吸收碰撞时产生的能量，降低车身损伤、减小驾乘人员受到的伤害，提高汽车行驶安全性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：保险杠的正后方设有一个固定不动且左右对称的U型固定车架，U型固定车架的U型开口朝向正后方，由前侧的横梁和左右各一的纵梁组成，U型固定车架的横梁的后侧壁上刚性连接左、中、右分布的三个固定套筒，每个固定套筒内部中间有间隙地套有一个撞击杆，每个撞击杆的前端都穿过U型固定车架的横梁后固定连接保险杠，每个撞击杆的后端均伸出固定套筒外后固定连接一个左右水平布置的活动横梁；U型固定车架的左、右纵梁中各是一个能前后移动的活动纵梁，活动横梁的左、右端分别伸在对应的U型固定车架的左、右纵梁中且固定连接对应的活动纵梁的前端，每个活动纵梁的后端各固定连接一个液压机构；相邻的两个固定套筒之间各设有一个吸能机构，每个吸能机构包括一个前后水平的固定齿条，固定齿条前端刚性连接于U型固定车架 的横梁，固定齿条的左右两个侧壁上均设有斜齿且该斜齿向前倾斜，两个活动齿条分布在固定齿条的左右两侧，两个活动齿条的斜齿向后倾斜且与固定齿条的斜齿相互啮合；固定齿条的左右侧还各设有一个T形弹簧座，T形弹簧座后端刚性连接于活动横梁，T形弹簧座和同侧的活动齿条之间连接左右水平的回位弹簧；每个撞击杆为台阶杆状，前段直径大，后段直径小，在每个固定套筒内部设有一个高强度弹簧，高强度弹簧有间隙地套在撞击杆的后段上；每个U型固定车架的每个纵梁上连接一个能锁住活动纵梁的定位机构，两个液压机构同时带动活动纵梁、活动横梁向前推出，活动横梁推动T形弹簧座、撞击杆向前，保险杠到达延伸终点。
采用上述技术方案后的有益效果是：本发明与传统汽车保险杠相比，增设了吸能机构和主动延伸机构，通过设置主动延伸机构和吸能机构实现了保险杠与车身之间距离的改变，增加了保险杠的缓冲距离。保险杠在工作状态下由液压机构驱动，通过主动延伸机构向前延伸并增加保险杠的缓冲距离，通过活塞顶杆的主动前伸，推动主动延伸机构沿着固定方向延伸，由定位销定位延伸终点的位置。在发生碰撞时，能够通过高强度弹簧、吸能机构和液压机构以多级吸能的方式吸收碰撞时产生的能量，保险杠首先承受撞击力并传递至撞击杆和高强度弹簧，由弹簧缓冲部分撞击能量，接着撞击杆推动活动横梁，带动吸能机构中的齿条相互剪切再吸收撞击产生的部分能量，再由液压机构吸收部分撞击能量，如此通过高强度弹簧、吸能机构和液压机构实现了对碰撞能量的多级缓冲，达到了保险杠与固定车架之间的距离可变，增加缓冲距离并多级吸收碰撞能量的目的，提高了保险杠设计的实用性，能够有效降低车身损伤，减少碰撞对车内驾乘人员的伤害，提高汽车行驶安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠初始状态的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A-A的剖视放大图；
图3是图1中B-B的剖视放大图；
图4是图1中I局部放大图；
图5是图1中II局部放大图；
图6为本发明从图1所示初始状态向前延伸后的状态示意图；
图7是图6中C-C的剖视放大图；
图8是图6中III局部放大图。
图中：1.保险杠；2.撞击杆；3.固定套筒；4.活动齿条；5.活动横梁；6.液压缸总成；6a.液压缸；6b.活塞顶杆；7.活动纵梁；8.U型固定车架；9.T形弹簧座；10.回位弹簧；11.固 定齿条；12.高强度弹簧；13.滑轮；14.销钉套；15.销钉弹簧；16.销钉；17.螺钉。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解布置方位，现定义车辆行驶方向为“前”，其反方向为“后”；图1中的保险杠1在前、活动横梁5在后；保险杠1左右对称，相对于保险杠1的中心轴，沿左右方向移动时，靠近保险杠1的中心轴为“内”，反之为“外”。
如图1所示，在保险杠1的正后方设有一个U型固定车架8，U型固定车架8固定不动且左右对称布置。U型固定车架8的U型开口朝向正后方，由前侧的横梁和左右各一的纵梁组成，横梁和纵梁均是矩形的板状。横梁是沿左右方向布置的实心梁，两个纵梁是沿前后方向布置的空心梁。
在U型固定车架8的横梁的后侧壁上刚性连接三个固定套筒3，三个固定套筒3左、中、右分布，结构相同均沿前后方向水平布置，中间的固定套筒3中心轴与U型固定车架8、保险杠1的中心轴共线，左侧的固定套筒3和右侧的固定套筒3相对于中间的固定套筒3左右对称。
在每个固定套筒3内部中间同轴心地有间隙地套有一个撞击杆2，三个撞击杆2结构相同。每个撞击杆2的前端都穿过U型固定车架8的横梁上的对应的通孔后刚性连接保险杠1，每个撞击杆2的后端均伸出固定套筒3外部，且固定连接一个左右水平布置的活动横梁5，活动横梁5在三个固定套筒3的正后方。活动横梁5、撞击杆2和保险杠1能同时前后移动。
活动横梁5的左、右端分别伸在U型固定车架8的左、右纵梁中，左、右纵梁上开有方形槽，方形槽的槽口开在纵梁的内侧壁，面对着活动横梁5的左右端，活动横梁5的左右端伸在方形槽中，活动横梁5能在左右的方形槽中前后移动。
在左侧固定套筒3和中间固定套筒3之间，以及在右侧固定套筒3和中间固定套筒3之间各设置一个吸能机构，也就是相邻的两个固定套筒3之间各有一个吸能机构。两个吸能机构结构相同且相对于中间固定套筒3左右对称布置。每个吸能机构包括活动齿条4、T形弹簧座9、回位弹簧10和固定齿条11。每个吸能机构的最前端连接U型固定车架8的横梁、最后端连接活动横梁5。
U型固定车架8的两个纵梁的方形槽中各安装了一个活动纵梁7，活动纵梁7能在U型固定车架8的纵梁中前后移动。左右两个活动纵梁7的前端分别对应地固定连接活动横梁5的左右两端，当活动纵梁7前后移动时，能带动活动横梁5前后移动。
U型固定车架8的两个纵梁后端各连接一个液压缸总成6，液压缸总成6伸入对应的 纵梁的方形槽中，液压缸总成6的前端固定连接活动纵梁7的后端。这样，当液压缸总成6工作时，推动活动纵梁7前后移动，从而带动活动横梁5、三个撞击杆2、保险杠1前后移动。
如图2所示，每个撞击杆2为变直径圆柱杆，呈台阶杆状，其前段直径大，后段直径小。在每个固定套筒3内部设有一个高强度弹簧12，高强度弹簧12有间隙地套在撞击杆2的后段上，高强度弹簧12外径要小于撞击杆2前段直径，这样，高强度弹簧12的前端就可压靠在撞击杆2的台阶面上，高强度弹簧12的后端与固定套筒3后部内底面刚性连接。撞击杆2的后端从固定套筒3中伸出固定连接活动横梁5。初始状态下，高强度弹簧12为压缩状态。
如图3所示，U型固定车架8的每个纵梁内部设置有沿前后方向布置的长导轨，长导轨设在纵梁内部的上下内侧壁上。每根活动纵梁7上下侧壁上设有滑轮13，滑轮13与U型固定车架8的纵梁上的长导轨相配合，起到便于活动纵梁7滑动向前伸。
因此，由联动的撞击杆2、活动横梁5、活动纵梁7、高强度弹簧12、滑轮13等组成主动延伸机构。
如图2和图4所示，在每个U型固定车架8的每个纵梁上连接一个定位机构，每个定位机构包括销钉套14、销钉弹簧15、销钉16。销钉套14由螺钉17固定连接在U型固定车架8的纵梁内侧壁上，销钉套14左右水平布置，销钉套14内部是左右水平布置的销钉弹簧15和销钉16，销钉弹簧15内端刚性连接销钉套14，外端刚性连接销钉16的内端，在销钉弹簧15的作用下，销钉16的外端伸入纵梁内部后能定位锁住活动纵梁7，销钉弹簧15在延伸前处于压缩状态。
如图5所示，每个吸能机构包括一个固定齿条11，固定齿条11前后水平布置，固定齿条11前端刚性连接于U型固定车架8的横梁，固定齿条11的后端和活动横梁5之间留有一定的距离，该距离大于活动横梁5向前延伸的长度，使活动横梁5在向前延伸到极限位置时不碰触到固定齿条11。固定齿条11的左右两个侧壁上设有斜齿，为双侧齿条的结构。在固定齿条11的左右侧还各设有一个T形弹簧座9，T形弹簧座9的水平横截面呈T形，T形弹簧座9后端刚性连接于活动横梁5，T形弹簧座9的前端距离U型固定车架8的横梁有一段距离，该距离大于活动横梁5向前延伸的长度，T形弹簧座9不与U型固定车架8的横梁接触。两个T形弹簧座9以固定齿条11的中心左右对称布置。固定齿条11的两侧斜齿各啮合一个活动齿条4，两个活动齿条4分布在固定齿条11的左右两侧，以固定齿条11的中心左右对称布置。固定齿条11的斜齿向前倾斜，活动齿条4的斜齿向后倾斜，相互啮合 在T形弹簧座9和同侧的活动齿条4之间连接回位弹簧10，回位弹簧10左右水平布置。每个活动齿条4和对应的T形弹簧座9之间各连接两个回位弹簧10，两个回位弹簧10一前一后布置。回位弹簧10的一端刚性连接T形弹簧座9，另一端刚性连接活动齿条4，和活动齿条4的无齿一侧刚性连接。
在T形弹簧座9上设有对应的圆形凹槽，用于安装回位弹簧10。活动齿条4的前端面和后端面上都设有凹槽，在T形弹簧座9上设有短导轨，用于和活动齿条4的前端面上的凹槽相配合，在活动横梁5的前端面上也设置有相同规格的短导轨，用于和活动齿条4的后端面上的凹槽相配合。当回位弹簧10带动活动齿条4左右移动时，活动齿条4的前后端沿短导轨移动，工作时在活动齿条4的前后端面上的凹槽中添加润滑油，起到便于活动齿条4在延伸过程中导向和移动的作用。在保险杠1初始位置时。
因此，单个吸能机构由两个活动齿条4、两个T形弹簧座9、四个回位弹簧10和一个固定齿条11组成。两个吸能机构以保险杠1的中心轴为轴线，对称分布在相邻的两个固定套筒3的间隔中。
如图6和图7所示，液压缸总成6组成液压机构，液压缸总成6包括液压缸6a、活塞顶杆6b。液压缸6a的缸体固定连接于U型固定车架8的纵梁后端部，活塞顶杆6b从液压缸6a中向前伸在U型固定车架8的纵梁中并且固定连接活动纵梁7后端。活塞顶杆6b可沿前后方向移动，从而带动活动纵梁7前后移动。
本发明工作时，初始状态如图1所示，包括U型固定车架8在内的所有部分均视为与车身处于相对静止状态。由车载雷达测距装置动态测量与前方障碍物及车辆的距离，由车速传感器测量车辆的当前行驶车速，再将测得的车距与车速信号通过传感装置反馈给ECU控制单元，当车距与车速满足一定条件时，ECU控制单元提前发出指令，由电动机带动液压机构工作，油泵给液压缸6a一定的油压，使得活塞顶杆6b向前推出并推动活动纵梁7，活动纵梁7由滑轮13沿长导轨向前推出，带动活动横梁5一起向前推出，活动横梁5推动刚性连接的T形弹簧座9，继而推动活动齿条4向前，活动横梁5同时推动刚性连接在其前表面的撞击杆2，在撞击杆2延伸过程中，高强度弹簧12由压缩状态恢复至原始状态，如图7所示，最终由撞击杆2推动保险杠1向前延伸，如图6所示，实现活动横梁5和活动纵梁7的主动延伸。待保险杠1到达延伸终点时，销钉16受安装在销钉套14内的销钉弹簧15的弹力弹出，进入活动纵梁7内侧与销钉16相配合的圆形凹槽中，固定住活动纵梁7，起到定位作用，延伸结束后销钉弹簧16由压缩状态恢复至原始状态，如图8所示。
当车辆发生碰撞事故时，保险杠1受力，并把力传递给三个撞击杆2，撞击杆2向后 移动，通过压缩高强度弹簧12实现第一级吸能，缓冲部分碰撞产生的能量。同时，撞击杆2向后推动活动横梁5，活动横梁5带动T型弹簧座9向后运动，使得活动齿条4与固定齿条11的斜齿相互剪切，活动齿条4与固定齿条11破坏性剪切，如此通过吸能机构实现第二级吸能，吸收部分碰撞产生的能量，同时，活动横梁5带动活动纵梁7向后，固定住活动纵梁7的销钉17被剪断，活动横梁5向后运动并使得活动纵梁7推动活塞顶杆6b向后运动，实现第三级吸能，吸收部分碰撞产生的能量，从而有效减小传递至车身及驾驶室内的碰撞能量。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠，保险杠(1)的正后方设有一个固定不动且左右对称的U型固定车架(8)，U型固定车架(8)的U型开口朝向正后方，由前侧的横梁和左右各一的纵梁组成，其特征是：U型固定车架(8)的横梁的后侧壁上刚性连接左、中、右分布的三个固定套筒(3)，每个固定套筒(3)内部中间有间隙地套有一个撞击杆(2)，每个撞击杆(2)的前端都穿过U型固定车架(8)的横梁后固定连接保险杠(1)，每个撞击杆(2)的后端均伸出固定套筒(3)外后固定连接一个左右水平布置的活动横梁(5)；U型固定车架(8)的左、右纵梁中各是一个能前后移动的活动纵梁(7)，活动横梁(5)的左、右端分别伸在对应的U型固定车架(8)的左、右纵梁中且固定连接对应的活动纵梁(7)的前端，每个活动纵梁(7)的后端各固定连接一个液压机构；相邻的两个固定套筒(3)之间各设有一个吸能机构，每个吸能机构包括一个前后水平的固定齿条(11)，固定齿条(11)前端刚性连接于U型固定车架(8)的横梁，固定齿条(11)的左右两个侧壁上均设有斜齿且该斜齿向前倾斜，两个活动齿条(4)分布在固定齿条(11)的左右两侧，两个活动齿条(4)的斜齿向后倾斜且与固定齿条(11)的斜齿相互啮合；固定齿条(11)的左右侧还各设有一个T形弹簧座(9)，T形弹簧座(9)后端刚性连接于活动横梁(5)，T形弹簧座(9)和同侧的活动齿条(4)之间连接左右水平的回位弹簧(10)；每个撞击杆(2)为台阶杆状，前段直径大，后段直径小，在每个固定套筒(3)内部设有一个高强度弹簧(12)，高强度弹簧(12)有间隙地套在撞击杆(2)的后段上；每个U型固定车架(8)的每个纵梁上连接一个能锁住活动纵梁(7)的定位机构，两个液压机构同时带动活动纵梁(7)、活动横梁(5)向前推出，活动横梁(5)推动T形弹簧座(9)、撞击杆(2)向前，保险杠(1)向前延伸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠，其特征是：每个定位机构包括销钉套(14)、销钉弹簧(15)和销钉(16)，销钉套(14)固定连接U型固定车架(8)的纵梁内侧壁，销钉套(14)内部是左右水平布置的销钉弹簧(15)和销钉(16)，销钉弹簧(15)内端刚性连接销钉套(14)、外端刚性连接销钉(16)内端，销钉(16)的外端能伸入纵梁内部锁住活动纵梁(7)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠，其特征是：U型固定车架(8)左右对称布置，U型固定车架(8)、保险杠(1)、中间的固定套筒(3)的中心轴共线。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠，其特征是：U型固定车架(8)的每个纵梁内部设置有沿前后方向布置的长导轨，每个活动纵梁(7)上设有滑轮(13)，滑轮(13)与U型固定车架(8)的纵梁上的长导轨相配合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠，其特征是：T形弹簧座(9)上设 有短导轨，活动横梁(5)的前端面上设有相同的短导轨，活动齿条(4)的前端面和后端面上都设有和所述的短导轨相配合的凹槽。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠，其特征是：液压机构包括液压缸(6a)和活塞顶杆(6b)，液压缸(6a)的缸体固定连接于U型固定车架(8)的纵梁后端部，活塞顶杆(6b)从液压缸(6a)中向前伸在U型固定车架(8)的纵梁中且固定连接活动纵梁(7)后端。
PCT/CN2021/082905 2020-10-26 2021-03-25 一种主动延伸式汽车前保险杠 WO2022088600A1 (zh)

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CN113335216B (zh) * 2021-07-08 2022-07-22 桂林电子科技大学 一种重型卡车轻量化前下部防护横梁

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