WO2022070806A1 - スイッチング素子の駆動回路及びスイッチング回路 - Google Patents
スイッチング素子の駆動回路及びスイッチング回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022070806A1 WO2022070806A1 PCT/JP2021/032872 JP2021032872W WO2022070806A1 WO 2022070806 A1 WO2022070806 A1 WO 2022070806A1 JP 2021032872 W JP2021032872 W JP 2021032872W WO 2022070806 A1 WO2022070806 A1 WO 2022070806A1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
- H03K17/6871—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
- H03K17/162—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/04—Modifications for accelerating switching
- H03K17/041—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/0412—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
- H03K17/04123—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/06—Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
- H03K17/063—Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state in field-effect transistor switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/168—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in composite switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/74—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/06—Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
- H03K2017/066—Maximizing the OFF-resistance instead of minimizing the ON-resistance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0036—Means reducing energy consumption
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drive circuit for a switching element and a switching circuit provided with the drive circuit.
- the gate voltage is attenuated to 0V by the RC time constant at the turn-off of one switching element, if switching noise is generated due to the switching of the other switching element, the gate voltage becomes high and there is a possibility of erroneous arc. ..
- the negative bias is increased so as not to cause an erroneous arc, the gate voltage will exceed the rated voltage Vrat.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in the drive circuit of the switching element, the loss due to the negative bias voltage is reduced, the destruction of the switching element due to the surge voltage is suppressed, and the switching due to the switching noise is suppressed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of suppressing an erroneous arc of an element.
- a drive circuit that drives a switching element
- the first terminal having a first terminal connected to the gate terminal of the switching element via the first connection line and a second terminal connected to the source terminal of the switching element via the second connection line.
- a control unit that outputs a control signal to the gate terminal from The first capacitor and the first resistance connected in parallel,
- a second capacitor and a second resistor connected in parallel Equipped with The first capacitor and the first resistance are connected in series to the first connection line on the gate terminal side of the first connection line.
- the second capacitor and the second resistance are connected in series with the first connection line on the first terminal side of the first connection line.
- the electric charge accumulated in the input capacitance of the switching element is discharged through the first capacitor and the second capacitor connected in series with the first connection line, so that the switching element transitions to the turn-off state.
- the gate-source voltage of the switching element can be turned off at a high voltage, the surge voltage between the gate and source is reduced, the switching element is suppressed from being destroyed, and the reverse conduction loss due to negative bias is suppressed. Can be done.
- the input capacitance of the switching element, the first capacitor and the second capacitor are charged and discharged through the first resistor connected in parallel to the first capacitor and the second resistor connected in parallel to the second capacitor.
- the gate-source voltage of the switching element is maintained at a high voltage. This makes it possible to reduce the reverse conduction loss due to the negative bias.
- a mirror clamp circuit may be provided between the midpoint between the first capacitor and the first resistor of the first connection line, the second capacitor and the second resistance, and the second connection line.
- the impedance of the mirror current can be reduced by the mirror clamp circuit, the switching noise generated in the gate-source voltage of the switching element can be reduced.
- the first diode and the third resistance connected in series are connected in parallel to the second capacitor and the second resistance.
- the cathode terminal of the first diode may be connected to the first terminal.
- the decrease in the gate-source voltage at the time of turn-off of the switching element can be adjusted by the first diode and the third resistor, so that the gate-source voltage can be maintained at a high value.
- the reverse conduction loss can be reduced.
- a second diode and a fourth resistance connected in series are connected between the first capacitor and the first resistance of the first connection line and the gate terminal, and between the second connection line.
- the cathode terminal of the second diode may be connected to the first connection line.
- the increase in the gate-source voltage during the period when the negative bias changes toward 0V can be adjusted, so that the reverse of the switching element during this period can be adjusted.
- the conduction loss can be reduced.
- a fifth resistance is connected in series to the first terminal side of the second capacitor.
- the second capacitor and the fifth resistance are connected in parallel with the second resistance.
- the third diode and the sixth resistance connected in series are connected in parallel with the fifth resistance.
- the cathode terminal of the third diode may be connected to the first terminal.
- the switching speed of the switching element can be adjusted by providing the fifth resistance, the sixth resistance and the third diode.
- a clamp circuit for holding the voltage of the gate terminal with respect to the source terminal of the switching element to a predetermined voltage value or less may be provided.
- the clamp circuit keeps the voltage below the predetermined voltage value, so that an excessive gate surge is suppressed. can do.
- a fourth diode is connected between the first capacitor and the first resistance and the midpoint of the second capacitor and the second resistance in the first connection line and the second connection line.
- the cathode terminal of the fourth diode may be connected to the first connection line.
- the impedance is lowered by the fourth diode connected so that the direction in which the current flows from the second connection line to the first connection line is in the forward direction, so that switching noise is generated in the switching element. Even in this case, noise can be bypassed and switching noise can be reduced.
- the present invention can also be configured as a switching circuit including the switching element driven by the drive circuit of the switching element.
- the surge voltage of the gate-source voltage of the switching element is reduced and the destruction of the switching element is suppressed.
- the reverse conduction loss due to the negative bias can be suppressed.
- a half-bridge circuit configured by the switching element may be included.
- a switching circuit including a half-bridge circuit it is possible to reduce the surge voltage of the gate-source voltage of the switching element, suppress the destruction of the switching element, and suppress the reverse conduction loss due to the negative bias. .. In addition, it is possible to prevent erroneous firing of the switching element when switching noise is generated by another switching element.
- a full bridge circuit configured by the switching element may be included.
- a switching circuit including a full bridge circuit it is possible to reduce the surge voltage of the gate-source voltage of the switching element, suppress the destruction of the switching element, and suppress the reverse conduction loss due to the negative bias. .. In addition, it is possible to prevent erroneous firing of the switching element when switching noise is generated by another switching element.
- the present invention in the drive circuit of a switching element, it is possible to reduce the loss due to the negative bias voltage, suppress the destruction of the switching element due to the surge voltage, and suppress the erroneous arc of the switching element due to the switching noise. It becomes possible to provide technology.
- the gate drive circuit according to the present invention is, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a gate drive circuit GD1 and a gate drive circuit GD2 for driving the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 of the synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 which is a half-bridge circuit, respectively. Can be applied to.
- the gate drive circuit 300 is provided with a gate resistor 302 on the gate side of the JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor) 301, and is connected to the gate power supply 304 via the switch 303.
- a second gate resistance 305 is connected in series between the gate resistance 302 and the switch 303, and a capacitor 306 is connected in parallel with the second gate resistance 305.
- the switch 303b is turned off and the switch 303a is turned on at the time of turn-on. Therefore, the gate current is injected into the JFET 301 from the gate power supply 304 through the parallel circuit of the second gate resistor 305 and the capacitor 306 and the gate resistor 302. Then, at the time of turn-off, the switch 303a is turned off and the switch 303b is turned on. Therefore, the gate and source of the JFET 301 are short-circuited through the gate resistance 302 and the parallel circuit of the second gate resistance 305 and the capacitor 306.
- FIG. 31 shows an operation sequence when such a gate drive circuit 300 is used as the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2 of the synchronous rectification type boost chopper circuit 100.
- vds_Q1 and vgs_Q1 indicate the drain-source voltage and the gate-source voltage of the switching element Q1, respectively.
- vds_Q2 and vgs_Q2 indicate the drain-source voltage and the gate-source voltage of the switching element Q2, respectively.
- In1 and In2 indicate the input signals of the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2, respectively.
- the gate surge Sr0_Q1 at the time of turn-off increases as seen in the mode IVpr for vgs_Q1.
- the gate surge Sr0_Q2 at turnoff increases as seen in mode IIpr. If a voltage equal to or higher than the gate voltage rating Vrat is applied due to these gate surges, the JFET 301, which is a switching element, may be destroyed. Further, in the mode IIpr and the mode IVpr, which are the dead time periods in which both the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 are turned off, the reverse conduction loss increases.
- the gate drive circuit 1 which is an application example of the present invention, by keeping the gate voltage at the time of gate turn-off high, the destruction of the switching element due to the turn-off surge is suppressed and the reverse conduction loss is reduced. Further, in the gate drive circuit 1, the erroneous arc is suppressed by keeping the gate voltage at the time of switching noise low.
- the specific configuration of the gate drive circuit 1 is shown in FIG.
- the switch S1 and the switch S2 are connected in series to the DC power supply (gate power supply) Vs.
- the negative side of the gate power supply Vs is connected to the ground (GND).
- the switch S1 and the switch S2 are opened and closed according to the input signal Vsig.
- the output terminal Vout is connected to the gate terminal of the switching element Q by the connection line 11, and the GND side terminal of the switch S2 is connected to the source terminal of the switching element Q via the connection line 12.
- a capacitor Cs and a resistor Rs connected in parallel and a capacitor Cp and a resistor Rp connected in parallel are connected in series between the gate terminal of the switching element Q and the output terminal Vout from the gate terminal side. ing.
- the capacitors Cs and Cp can generate a negative bias for the gate voltage of the switching element Q.
- FIG. 4 shows an operation sequence of the synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 including the gate drive circuit according to the first embodiment as the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2.
- vds_Q1 and vgs_Q1 indicate the drain-source voltage and the gate-source voltage of the switching element Q1, respectively.
- vds_Q2 and vgs_Q2 indicate the drain-source voltage and the gate-source voltage of the switching element Q2, respectively.
- In1 and In2 indicate the input signals of the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2, respectively.
- the gate voltage (gate source) at the time of gate turn-off of the switching element Q is connected. Inter-voltage) can be kept high. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the surge voltage can be reduced, and the destruction of the switching element Q due to the surge voltage exceeding the rated voltage Vrat can be suppressed. Further, the gate voltage when switching noise is generated due to the switching of the switching element of the other arm can be kept low. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, since the gate voltage does not exceed Vth, it is possible to prevent the switching element Q from erroneously firing.
- the gate drive circuit according to this embodiment is a circuit connected to the gate side of the switching element.
- a JFET can be used, but a MOSFET (Metal Oxide semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) in which a resistor is added between the gate and the source can be used.
- MOSFET Metal Oxide semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- FIG. 1 shows a switching circuit including a switching element including a gate drive circuit according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1A is a half-bridge circuit 100 in which a leg in which two arms including a switching element Q1 and a switching element Q2 are connected in series is connected in series to an input power supply Vin.
- the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 are gate-driven by the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2, respectively.
- the output terminal Vo is pulled out from the midpoint of the two arms included in each leg.
- a leg in which two arms including a switching element Q1 and a switching element Q2 are connected in series and a leg in which two arms including a switching element Q3 and a switching element Q4 are connected in series are input.
- the switching element Q1, the switching element Q2, the switching element Q3, and the switching element Q4 are gate-driven by the gate drive circuit GD1, the gate drive circuit GD2, the gate drive circuit GD3, and the gate drive circuit GD4, respectively.
- the output terminal Vo is pulled out from the midpoint of the two arms included in each leg.
- FIG. 2 shows a synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 as an example of a half-bridge circuit.
- the synchronous rectification type boost chopper circuit 100 includes a leg in which an arm including a switching element Q 1 and a switching element Q 2 are connected in series.
- a gate drive circuit GD1 that drives the gate of the switching element Q1 according to the input signal In1 is connected to the gate terminal and the source terminal of the switching element Q1.
- a gate drive circuit GD2 for driving the gate of the switching element Q2 according to the input signal In2 is connected to the gate terminal and the source terminal of the switching element Q2 .
- the input power supply 101 is connected in parallel to the switching element Q 2 at the midpoint between the source terminal of the switching element Q 1 and the drain terminal of the switching element Q 2 and the source terminal side of the switching element Q 2 . ..
- the input power supply 101 is connected so that the midpoint side between the source terminal of the switching element Q 1 and the drain terminal of the switching element Q 2 is positive and the source terminal side of the switching element Q 2 is negative.
- the polar electrolytic capacitor 102 is connected in parallel with the input power supply 101 so that the positive side of the input power supply 101 becomes positive.
- an inductance 103 is connected in series between the positive side of the polar electrolytic capacitor 102 and the midpoint between the source terminal of the switching element Q 1 and the drain terminal of the switching element Q 2 .
- the load 104 is connected to the drain terminal side of the switching element Q 1 and the source terminal side of the switching element Q 2 so as to be in parallel with the leg. Further, a polar electrolytic capacitor is connected in parallel with the load 104 so that the drain terminal side of the switching element Q1 becomes positive.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the gate drive circuit GD1 of the synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 shown in FIG.
- the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2 have the same configuration. “1” and “2” are omitted in the description of the configuration common to both the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2.
- Switch S1 and switch S2 are connected in series to the gate power supply Vs.
- the negative side of the gate power supply Vs is connected to the ground (GND).
- the switch S1 and the switch S2 are opened and closed according to the input signal Vsig.
- the output terminal Vout which is the midpoint between the switch S1 and the switch S2, is connected to the gate terminal of the switching element Q by the connection line 11, and the GND side terminal Vgnd of the switch S2 is connected to the source terminal of the switching element Q by the connection line 12. Will be done.
- the gate driver 10 includes a switch S1, a switch S2, an output terminal Vout, and a GND side terminal Vgnd.
- a control signal for the gate terminal of the switching element Q is output by turning on / off the switch S1 and the switch S2.
- the switch S1 and the switch S2 known switching elements such as MOSFETs can be used.
- the gate driver 10 corresponds to the control unit of the present invention.
- the connecting line 11 and the connecting line 12 correspond to the first connecting line and the second connecting line of the present invention, respectively.
- the output terminal Vout and the GND side terminal Vgnd correspond to the first terminal and the second terminal of the present invention, respectively.
- capacitors connected in parallel with a resistor are connected in series between the output terminal Vout of the connection line 12 and the gate terminal of the switching element Q, respectively.
- a capacitor Cs and a resistor Rs connected in parallel to the capacitor Cs are arranged on the gate terminal side of the switching element Q.
- a capacitor Cp and a resistance Rp connected in parallel to the capacitor Cp are arranged on the midpoint side of the switch S1 and the switch S2.
- the capacitors Cs and Cp function as speed-up capacitors that instantaneously charge and discharge the charge of the switching element Q when the switching element Q is switched.
- the resistors Rs and Rp function as limiting resistors for passing a minute current when the switching element Q is turned on.
- the capacitors Cs and Cp can generate a negative bias for the gate voltage of the switching element Q.
- the capacitors Cs and the resistors Rs correspond to the first capacitor and the first resistor of the present invention, respectively.
- the capacitor Cp and the resistance Rp correspond to the second capacitor and the second resistance of the present invention, respectively.
- FIG. 4 shows an operation sequence of a synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 including the gate drive circuit according to the first embodiment as the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2.
- vds_Q1 and vgs_Q1 indicate the drain-source voltage and the gate-source voltage of the switching element Q1, respectively.
- vds_Q2 and vgs_Q2 indicate the drain-source voltage and the gate-source voltage of the switching element Q2, respectively.
- In1 and In2 indicate the input signals of the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2, respectively.
- the gate voltage (gate source) at the time of gate turn-off of the switching element Q is connected. Inter-voltage) can be kept high. As a result, the surge voltage can be reduced, and the destruction of the switching element Q due to the surge voltage exceeding the rated voltage Vrat can be suppressed.
- the gate-source voltage at gate turn-off exceeds the rated voltage Vrat even if surges Sr1_Q1 and Sr1_Q2 occur. not.
- the gate voltage when switching noise is generated due to the switching of the switching element of the other arm can be kept low. As a result, it is possible to prevent the switching element Q from erroneously firing when the gate voltage exceeds Vth.
- the gate-source voltage when switching noises Nz1_Q1 and Nz1_Q2 do not exceed Vth, so false arcs are suppressed.
- FIG. 5 (A) to 5 (E) are diagrams illustrating the transition of the current path in the gate drive circuit.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the gate-source voltage vgs, the voltage vcp of the capacitor Cp, and the voltage vcs of the capacitor Cs due to the on / off of the switches S1 and S2.
- Mode I D will be described.
- the current path in mode I D is shown in FIG. 5 (A).
- the switching element Q is represented by a parasitic diode Di and an input capacitance Ciss connected in parallel to the parasitic diode Di.
- the gate driver switch S1 is turned on at time T0 .
- the current supplied from the gate power supply Vs passes through the capacitor Cp and the capacitor Cs to charge the input capacitance Ciss of the switching element Q.
- the gate-source voltage vgs of the switching element Q becomes large, and the transition to the turn-on state occurs.
- Mode II D The path of the current in mode II D is shown in FIG. 5 (B).
- Mode II D is a period in which the input capacitance Ciss of the switching element Q is charged and turned on at time T1. At this time, the gate-source voltage vgs is clamped to a constant voltage V F by the parasitic diode Di of the switching element Q, as shown in FIG.
- Mode III D will be described.
- the current path in mode III D is shown in FIG. 5 (C).
- the switch S1 is turned off and the switch S2 is turned on at the time T2.
- the input capacitance Ciss of the switching element Q is discharged through the capacitor Cp and the capacitor Cs, and transitions to the turn-off state.
- the gate-source voltage vgs of the switching element Q turns off at a high voltage, the gate surge can be reduced and the destruction of the switching element Q can be suppressed.
- Mode IV D will be described.
- the current path in mode IV D is shown in FIG. 5 (D).
- the input capacitance Ciss, the capacitor Cp, and the capacitor Cs of the switching element Q are charged and discharged through the resistance Rp and the resistance Rs.
- the gate-source voltage vgs of the switching element Q maintains a high voltage, the reverse conduction loss can be reduced.
- the current path in mode V D is shown in FIG. 5 (E).
- the input capacitance Ciss and the capacitor Cs of the switching element Q are discharged through the resistors Rs and Rp.
- the gate-source voltage vgs of the switching element Q shifts in the 0V direction due to the RC time constant.
- the gate drive circuit Sim1 shown in FIG. 7 was created as a model corresponding to the gate drive circuit 1 according to the first embodiment, and the effect of negative bias was confirmed by using the circuit simulator software.
- the gate voltage is 12V
- the drive frequency is 100kHz
- the duty ratio is 50%
- the resistance value of the resistor Rp is 130 ⁇
- the resistance value of the resistor Rs is 200 ⁇
- the capacitance of the capacitor Cp is 600pF
- the capacitance of the capacitor Cs is 22nF.
- FIG. 8 shows the change of the gate voltage vgs of the switching element Q
- the lower part of FIG. 8 shows the change of the input signal Vsig.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing only the lower arms of the two legs of such a full bridge circuit.
- the left arm includes the switching element Q1
- the right arm includes the switching element Q2.
- the components of the gate drive circuit 1-1 and the gate drive circuit 1-2 for each of the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 have 1 or 2 added after the reference numerals.
- each component is the same as the above-mentioned gate drive circuit 1, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the gate drive circuit 1-1 of the switching element Q1 and the gate drive circuit 1-2 of the switching element Q2 are operated by the same gate power supply Vs.
- a capacitor and a capacitor are provided between the source terminals of the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 and the negative terminal of the gate power supply Vs. Since there is no resistor, there is no mutual interference between the gate drive circuit 1-1 and the gate drive circuit 1-2. For example, at the moment when the switching element Q1 is turned on (at the time of gate turn on), a current flows through the path shown by the broken line in FIG. 10 (A), and at the moment when the switching element Q1 is turned off (at the time of gate off), FIG.
- the noise of the gate-source voltage does not increase and the negative bias value does not interfere. If a capacitor and a resistor exist between the source terminals of the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 and the negative terminal of the gate power supply Vs, the other (in the above example, the gate drive circuit 1-2 is connected) due to the parasitic inductance of the wiring. Since the current also flows through the wire 12-2, the capacitor on the switching element Q2 side is charged. As a result, the noise of the switching element Q2 increases the noise of the gate-source voltage vgs2, and the negative bias is affected. Even if the gate drive circuit 1 is used to drive the gate of the switching element of the full bridge circuit, such mutual interference does not occur. Therefore, noise is generated in the gate-source voltage as described above. It is possible to suppress the interference of the increase and the negative bias value.
- the gate-source voltage vgs1 of the switching element Q1 is shown by a solid line
- the gate-source voltage vgs2 of the switching element Q2 is shown by a broken line.
- neither the gate-source voltage vgs1 nor the gate-source voltage vgs2 shows an increase in noise or interference with a negative bias value.
- the gate drive circuit 2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the same reference numerals are used and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the gate drive circuit 2 can also be applied to the gate drive of the switching element constituting the full bridge circuit as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows the gate drive circuit 2 according to this embodiment.
- the gate drive circuit 2 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which the mirror clamp circuit 21 is added to the gate drive circuit 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 shows an operation sequence of the synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 including the gate drive circuit 2 according to the second embodiment as the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2.
- the mirror clamp circuit 21 has a switching element Qs which is an N-channel MOSFET, a comparator 211, a clamp logic circuit unit 212, and a constant voltage source 213.
- the inverting input terminal of the comparator 211 and the drain terminal of the switching element Qs are connected to the connection line 11 between the output terminal Vout and the gate terminal of the switching element Q between the capacitor Cs and the capacitor Cp.
- the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 211 is connected to the positive terminal of the constant voltage source 213 that outputs the voltage Vth.
- the output terminal of the comparator 211 is connected to the input terminal of the clamp logic circuit unit 212.
- the negative terminal of the constant voltage source 213 is connected to the connection line 12.
- the gate terminal of the switching element Qs is connected to the output terminal of the clamp logic circuit unit 212, and the source terminal is connected to the connection line 12.
- the gate driver 20 includes a switch S1, a switch S2, an output terminal Vout, a GND side terminal Vgnd, and a mirror clamp circuit 21.
- the comparator 211 When the voltage input to the non-inverting input terminal, that is, the voltage between the midpoint between the capacitor Cs and the capacitor Cp is larger than the threshold voltage Vth input to the inverting input terminal, the comparator 211 is high from the output terminal. A signal is output, and when the voltage input to the non-inverting input terminal is smaller than the voltage input to the inverting input terminal, the Low signal is output from the output terminal.
- the clamp logic circuit unit 212 turns on the switching element Qs when a Low signal is input from the comparator 211.
- the gate voltage of the switching element Q can be changed in two steps. Therefore, as compared with the gate drive circuit 1 according to the first embodiment, the gate voltage of the switching element Q at the time of switching noise is kept lower as seen in the waveform of vgs_Q1 at the time T3 when the switching element Q2 is turned on. Can be done. Further, the impedance of the mirror current can be reduced by the switching element Qs of the mirror clamp circuit 21. This makes it possible to reduce switching noise.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing changes in the gate-source voltage vgs, the capacitor Cp voltage vcp, the capacitor Cs voltage vcs, and the switching element Qs voltage vqs due to the on / off of the switches S1 and S2.
- Mode I D will be described.
- the current path in mode I D is shown in FIG. 14 (A).
- the switching element Q is represented by a parasitic diode Di and an input capacitance Ciss connected in parallel to the parasitic diode Di.
- the gate driver switch S1 is turned on at time T0 .
- the current supplied from the gate power supply Vs passes through the capacitor Cp and the capacitor Cs to charge the input capacitance Ciss of the switching element Q.
- the gate-source voltage vgs of the switching element Q becomes large, and the transition to the turn-on state occurs.
- Mode II D is a period in which the input capacitance Ciss of the switching element Q is charged and turned on at time T1. At this time, the gate-source voltage vgs is clamped to a constant voltage VF by the parasitic diode Di of the switching element Q, as shown in FIG.
- Mode III D will be described.
- the current path in mode III D is shown in FIG. 14 (C).
- the switch S1 is turned off and the switch S2 is turned on at the time T2.
- the input capacitance Ciss of the switching element Q is discharged through the capacitor Cp and the capacitor Cs, and transitions to the turn-off state.
- the gate-source voltage vgs of the switching element Q turns off at a high voltage, the gate surge can be reduced and the destruction of the switching element Q can be suppressed.
- V cp_II and V cs_II are the voltages across the capacitor Cp and the capacitor Cs at the end of mode II D , respectively, and Vqs_III and V cp_III are the voltage between the drain and source of the switching element Qs of the mirror clamp circuit 21 at the end of mode III D and the capacitor Cp, respectively.
- Q g and C is s are the gate charge amount and the input capacitance of the switching element Q.
- C p and C s are the capacities of the capacitor C p and the capacitor C s, respectively. The following equation holds between these physical quantities and the threshold voltage Vth at which the switching element Qs of the mirror clamp circuit 21 is turned on.
- Mode IV D will be described.
- the current path in mode IV D is shown in FIG. 14 (D).
- the input capacitance Ciss, the capacitor Cp, and the capacitor Cs of the switching element Q are charged and discharged through the resistance Rp and the resistance Rs.
- the gate-source voltage vgs of the switching element Q maintains a high voltage, the reverse conduction loss can be reduced.
- the current path in mode V D is shown in FIG. 14 (E).
- the switching element Qs shifts to the conduction state.
- a two-step turn-off of the switching element Q between the mode IV D and the mode V D is realized.
- the drain terminal of the switching element Qs is connected to the midpoint between the capacitor Cs and the capacitor Cp, and the source terminal is connected to the connection line 12.
- Mode VI D will be described.
- the current path in Mode VI D is shown in FIG. 14 (F).
- the input capacitance Ciss and the capacitor Cs of the switching element Q are discharged through the resistance Rs and the turned on switching element Qs.
- the gate-source voltage vgs of the switching element Q shifts in the 0V direction due to the RC time constant.
- the gate drive circuit Sim2 shown in FIG. 16 was created as a model corresponding to the gate drive circuit 2 according to the second embodiment, and the effect of negative bias was confirmed by using the simulator software.
- the gate voltage is 12V
- the drive frequency is 100kHz
- the duty ratio is 50%
- the resistance value of the resistance Rp is 130 ⁇
- the resistance value of the resistance Rs is 200 ⁇
- the capacity of the capacitor Cp. was set to 600 pF
- the capacitance of the capacitor Cs was set to 22 nF, and the simulation was performed.
- FIG. 17 shows the change of the gate voltage vgs of the switching element Q
- the lower part of FIG. 17 shows the change of the input signal Vsig.
- the gate voltage vgs realizes the turn-off when the voltage is high.
- the gate voltage vgs is steeply attenuated when the switching element Qs of the mirror clamp circuit becomes conductive. For example, switching noise can be reduced and malfunction can be suppressed by lowering the gate-source voltage vgs when switching the switching element of the opposite arm.
- the gate drive circuit 3 according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the gate drive circuit 3 can also be applied to the gate drive of the switching element constituting the full bridge circuit as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 shows the gate drive circuit 3 according to this embodiment.
- the gate drive circuit 3 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which a diode Dt and a resistor Rt are added to the gate drive circuit 2 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19 shows an operation sequence of a synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 including the gate drive circuit 3 according to the third embodiment as the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2.
- the diode Dt and the resistor Rt connected in series are connected in parallel with the capacitor Cp and the resistor Rp.
- the diode Dt is connected so that the direction from the gate terminal of the switching element Q toward the output terminal Vout is the forward direction.
- the cathode terminal of the diode Dt is connected to the output terminal Vout, and the anode terminal of the diode Dt is connected to the resistor Rt.
- the other end of the resistor Rt one end of which is connected to the anode terminal of the diode Dt, is connected to the capacitor Cs and the resistor Rs.
- the diode Dt and the resistance Rt correspond to the first diode and the third resistance of the present invention, respectively.
- the gate drive circuit 2 By adding the diode Dt and the resistor Rt to the gate drive circuit 2 according to the second embodiment, it is possible to adjust the decrease in the gate voltage vgs of the switching element Q in the mode IV D. As a result, the gate voltage during the mode IV D period can be maintained at a high value, so that the reverse conduction loss of the switching element Q1 in the mode IV S can be reduced (the same applies to the switching element Q2 in the mode II S ). Further, since the gate drive circuit 3 includes the mirror clamp circuit 21 as in the second embodiment, the gate voltage when switching noise is generated due to the switching of the switching element of the opposite arm can be lowered. Thereby, for example, in the mode IS, it is possible to prevent the switching element Q1 from malfunctioning due to the switching noise Nz2_Q1 at the time of turning on the switching element Q2.
- the gate drive circuit Sim3 shown in FIG. 20 was created as a model corresponding to the gate drive circuit 3 according to the third embodiment, and the effect of negative bias was confirmed by using the circuit simulator software.
- the gate voltage is 12V
- the drive frequency is 100kHz
- the duty ratio is 50%
- the resistance value of the resistance Rp is 130 ⁇
- the resistance value of the resistance Rs is 200 ⁇
- the capacity of the capacitor Cp is 600pF
- the capacity of the capacitor Cs is 22nF.
- the resistance value of the resistance Rt was set to 300 ⁇ , and the simulation was performed.
- the upper part of FIG. 21 shows the change of the gate voltage vgs of the switching element Q
- the lower part of FIG. 22 shows the change of the input signal Vsig.
- the broken line shows the waveform of the gate voltage vgs of the gate drive circuit Sim2 which is the model corresponding to the second embodiment
- the solid line shows the gate voltage vgs of the gate drive circuit Sim3 which is the model corresponding to the third embodiment.
- the waveform is shown.
- the time of the mode IVs can be adjusted by changing the resistance value of the resistor Rt.
- the resistance value of the resistor Rt is adjusted according to the switching timing of the switching element of the opposite arm, and the gate-source voltage vgs is lowered to reduce the switching noise and suppress the malfunction.
- the gate drive circuit 4 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the same reference numerals are used for the configurations common to those of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2 for driving the gates of the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 of the switching circuit and the synchronous rectification type boost chopper circuit 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. Can be applied as.
- the gate drive circuit 4 can also be applied to the gate drive of the switching element constituting the full bridge circuit as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 22 shows the gate drive circuit 4 according to this embodiment.
- the gate drive circuit 4 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which a diode Df and a resistor Rf are added to the gate drive circuit 3 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 23 shows an operation sequence of the synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 including the gate drive circuit 4 according to the fourth embodiment as the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2.
- the diode Df and the resistor Rf connected in series are connected in parallel between the gate and source of the switching element Q.
- the diode Df is connected so that the direction from the source terminal of the switching element Q toward the gate terminal is forward.
- the cathode terminal of the diode Df is connected between the gate element of the switching element Q and the capacitor Cs and the resistor Rs in the connection line 11 between the gate element of the switching element Q and the output terminal Vout.
- the anode terminal of the diode Df is connected to one end of the resistor Rf.
- the other end of the resistor Rf is connected to the connection line 12 between the source terminal of the switching element Q and the mirror clamp circuit 21.
- the diode Df and the resistance Rf correspond to the second diode and the fourth resistance of the present invention, respectively.
- the gate drive circuit 4 increases the gate voltage vgs_Q1 of the switching element Q1 in the mode IS and the mode II S by adding the diode Df and the resistor Rf to the gate drive circuit 3 according to the third embodiment (mode III S and mode II S ). The same applies to the increase in the gate voltage vgs_Q2 of the switching element Q2 in the mode IV S ). Further, since the gate drive circuit 4 includes the mirror clamp circuit 21 as in the second embodiment, the gate voltage when switching noise is generated due to the switching of the switching element of the opposite arm can be lowered. Thereby, for example, in the mode IS, it is possible to prevent the switching element Q1 from malfunctioning due to the switching noise Nz4_Q1 at the time of turning on the switching element Q2.
- the gate drive circuit 4 includes the diode Dt and the resistor Rt in parallel with the capacitor Cp and the resistor Rp as in the third embodiment, the decrease in the gate voltage vgs of the switching element Q in the mode IV S is adjusted. Can be done. As a result, the gate voltage during the mode IV S period can be maintained at a high value, so that the reverse conduction loss of the switching element Q1 in the mode IV S can be reduced (the same applies to the switching element Q2 in the mode II S ).
- the gate drive circuit Sim4 shown in FIG. 24 was created as a model corresponding to the gate drive circuit 4 according to the fourth embodiment, and the effect of negative bias was confirmed by using the circuit simulator software.
- the gate voltage is 12V
- the drive frequency is 100kHz
- the duty ratio is 50%
- the resistance value of the resistance Rp is 130 ⁇
- the resistance value of the resistance Rs is 200 ⁇
- the capacity of the capacitor Cp is 600pF
- the capacity of the capacitor Cs is 22nF.
- the resistance value of the resistance Rt was set to 300 ⁇
- the resistance value of the resistance Rf was set to 150 ⁇ , and the simulation was performed.
- the upper part of FIG. 25 shows the change of the gate voltage vgs of the switching element Q
- the lower part of FIG. 25 shows the change of the input signal Vsig.
- the broken line shows the waveform of the gate voltage vgs of the gate drive circuit Sim3 which is the model corresponding to the third embodiment
- the solid line shows the gate voltage vgs of the gate drive circuit Sim4 which is the model corresponding to the fourth embodiment.
- the waveform is shown.
- the increase of the gate voltage vgs in the mode Is and the mode IIs can be adjusted by changing the resistance value of the resistor Rf.
- the gate-source voltage vgs can be increased and the reverse conduction loss can be reduced. ..
- the gate drive circuit 5 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the same reference numerals are used for the configurations common to those of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2 for driving the gates of the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 of the switching circuit and the synchronous rectification type boost chopper circuit 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. Can be applied as.
- the gate drive circuit 5 can also be applied to the gate drive of the switching element constituting the full bridge circuit as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 26 shows the gate drive circuit 5 according to this embodiment.
- the gate drive circuit 5 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which a resistor Rgon and a Dp and a resistor Rgoff connected in series are added to the gate drive circuit 4 according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 27 shows an operation sequence of the synchronous rectification type step-up chopper circuit 100 including the gate drive circuit 5 according to the fifth embodiment as the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit GD2.
- the resistor Rgon is connected to the output terminal Vout side of the capacitor Cp.
- the capacitor Cp and the resistance Rgon connected in series, the resistance Rp, and the diode Dt and the resistance Rt connected in series are connected in parallel.
- a diode Dp connected in series and a resistor Rgoff are connected in parallel to the resistor Rgon.
- the diode Dp is connected so that the direction from the gate terminal of the switching element Q toward the output terminal Vout is the forward direction.
- the cathode terminal of the diode Dp is connected to the output terminal Vout, and the anode terminal is connected to one end of the resistor Rgoff.
- the other end of the Rgoff is connected to the output terminal Vout side of the capacitor Cp.
- the resistance Rgon, the resistance Rgoff, and the diode Dp correspond to the fifth resistance, the sixth resistance, and the third diode, respectively.
- the gate drive circuit 5 has a resistor Rgon and a diode Dp in a configuration in which the capacitor Cp, the resistor Rp, and the diode Dt and the resistor Rt connected in series are connected in parallel in the gate drive circuit 3 according to the third embodiment. And the switching speed of the switching element Q can be adjusted by adding the resistor Rgoff. As a result, switching noise and turn-off surge can be reduced as compared with the gate drive circuit 3. Further, since the gate drive circuit 5 includes the mirror clamp circuit 21 as in the second embodiment, the gate voltage when switching noise is generated due to the switching of the switching element of the opposite arm can be lowered.
- the gate drive circuit 5 includes the diode Df and the resistor Rf as in the fourth embodiment, the gate voltage vgs_Q1 of the switching element Q1 in the mode IS and the mode II S is increased (switching in the mode III S and the mode IV S ). The same applies to the increase in the gate voltage vgs_Q2 of the element Q2).
- Example 6 Next, the gate drive circuit 6 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. For the configurations common to those of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, and Example 5, the same reference numerals are used and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 28 shows the gate drive circuit 6 according to this embodiment.
- the gate drive circuit 6 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which a resistor Rg and a capacitor Cg connected in series, a diode Dg and a Zener diode ZDg connected in series are added to the gate drive circuit 5 according to the fifth embodiment. be.
- the diode Dg and the Zener diode ZDg connected in series between the gate terminal and the source terminal of the switching element Q, the diode Df and the resistor Rf, and the connection line 11 and the connection line 12 Is connected.
- the anode terminal of the diode Dg is connected to the connection line 11
- the cathode terminal of the diode Dg is connected to the cathode terminal of the Zener diode ZDg
- the anode terminal of the Zener diode ZDg is connected to the connection line 12.
- the capacitor Cg is connected to the Zener diode ZDg.
- one end of the capacitor Cg is connected to the midpoint between the cathode terminal of the diode Dg and the cathode terminal of the Zener diode ZDg, and the other end of the capacitor Cg is connected to the connection line 12. Further, one end of the capacitor Cg is connected to one end of the resistor Rg. The other end of the resistor Rg is connected to the positive side of the gate power supply Vs via the end opposite to the output terminal Vout side of the switch S1 of the gate driver 20.
- the gate drive circuit 6 a constant voltage is generated from the gate power supply Vs by the resistance Rg, the capacitor Cg, and the Zener diode ZDg connected as described above.
- the constant voltage value at this time is designed according to the Zener voltage of the Zener diode ZDg. Therefore, when a gate voltage vgs larger than the constant voltage value is applied, the gate current flows from the connection line 11 to the diode Dg. At this time, since the voltage of the Zener diode ZDg through which the Zener current flows is held by the Zener voltage, the gate voltage vgs is held below the constant voltage value, and the voltage can be clamped. With such a configuration, the gate drive circuit 6 can suppress an excessive gate surge. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the gate voltage is applied according to the gate current, so that the gate voltage is suppressed, that is, the gate current is suppressed.
- the short-circuit current at the time of short-circuit can be suppressed.
- the resistor Rg, the capacitor Cg, the Zener diode ZDg and the diode Dg correspond to the clamp circuit of the present invention
- the constant voltage value designed according to the Zener voltage of the Zener diode corresponds to the predetermined voltage value of the present invention.
- the constant voltage circuit is generated by the resistance Rg, the capacitor Cg, and the Zener diode ZDg, but the configuration of the constant voltage circuit is not limited to this, and may be configured by a regulator or the like.
- Example 7 Next, the gate drive circuit 6 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. For the configurations common to those of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6, the same reference numerals are used and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the gate drive circuit 7 according to the present embodiment the gate drive circuit GD1 and the gate drive circuit for driving the gates of the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q2 of the switching circuit and the synchronous rectification type boost chopper circuit 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. It can be applied as GD2. Further, the gate drive circuit 7 can also be applied to the gate drive of the switching element constituting the full bridge circuit as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 29 shows the gate drive circuit 7 according to this embodiment.
- the gate drive circuit 7 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which a diode Dc is added to the gate drive circuit 6 according to the sixth embodiment.
- a diode Dc is connected between the midpoint between the capacitor Cs and the capacitor Cp in the connection line 11 and the connection line 12.
- the cathode terminal of the diode Dc is connected to the connection line 11 side, and the anode terminal is connected between the resistor Rf in the connection line 12 and the mirror clamp circuit 21.
- the diode Dc corresponds to the fourth diode of the present invention.
- the diode is such that the current flows in the forward direction from the connection line 12 connected to the source terminal of the switching element Q toward the connection line 11 connected to the gate terminal. Dc is connected. Therefore, when switching noise occurs in the gate voltage vgs during the turn-off period of the switching element Q, the impedance can be lowered by the diode Dc and the noise can be bypassed. This makes it possible to reduce the switching noise generated in the switching element Q.
- ⁇ Appendix 1> It is a drive circuit (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) that drives the switching element (Q). It has a first terminal (Vout) connected to the gate terminal of the switching element (Q) and a second terminal (Vgnd) connected to the source terminal of the switching element (Q), and has the first terminal (Vout). ) To the control unit (10) that outputs a control signal to the gate terminal.
- the first capacitor (Cs) and the first resistor (Rs) connected in parallel, A second capacitor (Cp) and a second resistance (Rp) connected in parallel, Equipped with The first capacitor (Cs) and the first resistance (Rs) are on the gate terminal side of the first connection line (11) connecting the gate terminal and the first terminal (Vout).
- the second capacitor (Cp) and the second resistor (Rp) are connected in series with the first connection line (11) on the first terminal (Vout) side of the first connection line (11).
- Gate drive circuit 10 Gate driver 11, 12: Connection line 100, 200: Switching circuit Q: Switching element Cs, Cp: Capacitor Rs, Rp: Resistance
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Abstract
Description
スイッチング素子を駆動する駆動回路であって、
前記スイッチング素子のゲート端子に第1接続線を介して接続される第1端子と該スイッチング素子のソース端子に第2接続線を介して接続される第2端子とを有し、前記第1端子から前記ゲート端子に制御信号を出力する制御部と、
並列に接続された第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗と、
並列に接続された第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗と、
を備え、
前記第1接続線の前記ゲート端子側に、前記第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗が、該第1接続線に直列に接続され、
前記第1接続線の前記第1端子側に、前記第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗が、該第1接続線に直列に接続されたことを特徴とする。
前記第1接続線の前記第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗と前記第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗との中点と、前記第2接続線との間に、ミラークランプ回路を設けてもよい。
直列に接続された第1ダイオード及び第3抵抗を、前記第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗に並列に接続し、
前記第1ダイオードのカソード端子が前記第1端子に接続されるようにしてもよい。
前記第1接続線の、前記第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗と前記ゲート端子との間と、前記第2接続線との間に、直列に接続された第2ダイオード及び第4抵抗を接続し、
前記第2ダイオードのカソード端子が前記第1接続線に接続されるようにしてもよい。
前記第2コンデンサの前記第1端子側に第5抵抗を直列に接続し、
前記第2コンデンサ及び前記第5抵抗は、前記第2抵抗に並列に接続され、
直列に接続された第3ダイオードと第6抵抗が、前記第5抵抗に並列に接続され、
前記第3ダイオードのカソード端子が前記第1端子に接続されるようにしてもよい。
前記スイッチング素子の前記ソース端子に対する前記ゲート端子の電圧を所定電圧値以下に保持するクランプ回路を設けてもよい。
前記第1接続線における、前記第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗並びに前記第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗の中点と、前記第2接続線との間に、第4ダイオードを接続し、
前記第4ダイオードのカソード端子が前記第1接続線に接続されるようにしてもよい。
前記スイッチング素子の駆動回路によって駆動される前記スイッチング素子を備えたスイッチング回路として構成することもできる。
前記スイッチング素子によって構成されるハーフブリッジ回路を含むようにしてもよい。
前記スイッチング素子によって構成されるフルブリッジ回路を含むようにしてもよい。
以下、本発明の適用例について、図面を参照しつつ説明する。
本発明に係るゲート駆動回路は、例えば、図2に示すようにハーフブリッジ回路である同期整流型昇圧チョッパ回路100のスイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2をそれぞれ駆動するゲート駆動回路GD1及びゲート駆動回路GD2に適用することができる。
直流電源(ゲート電源)VsにスイッチS1及びスイッチS2が直列に接続されている。ゲート電源Vsのマイナス側はグランド(GND)に接続されている。スイッチS1及びスイッチS2は、入力信号Vsigに応じて開閉される。出力端子Voutは、接続線11によりスイッチング素子Qのゲート端子に接続され、スイッチS2のGND側端子は接続線12を介してスイッチング素子Qのソース端子に接続される。スイッチング素子Qのゲート端子と、出力端子Voutとの間には、ゲート端子側から、並列に接続されたコンデンサCs及び抵抗Rsと、並列に接続されたコンデンサCp及び抵抗Rpとが直列に接続されている。コンデンサCs及びコンデンサCpにより、スイッチング素子Qのゲート電圧に対する負バイアスを生成することができる。
このようなコンデンサCsと抵抗Rsに対して、スイッチS1及びスイッチS2側に、並列に接続されたコンデンサCp及び抵抗Rpを接続することにより、スイッチング素子Qのゲートターンオフ時のゲート電圧(ゲート・ソース間電圧)を高く保持することができる。これにより、図4に示すように、サージ電圧を低減し、サージ電圧が定格電圧Vratを超えることによるスイッチング素子Qの破壊を抑制することができる。さらに、他方のアームのスイッチング素子のスイッチングによるスイッチングノイズ発生時のゲート電圧を低く保持することができる。これにより、図4に示すように、ゲート電圧がVthを超えないので、スイッチング素子Qが誤点弧することを抑制できる。
以下では、本発明の実施例に係るゲート駆動回路について、図面を用いて、より詳細に説明する。
本実施例に係るゲート駆動回路は、スイッチング素子のゲート側に接続される回路である。本実施例に係るスイッチング素子としては、例えば、JFETを用いることができるが、ゲート・ソース間に抵抗を追加したMOSFET(Metal Oxide semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)を用いることができる。
次に、実施例1に係るゲート駆動回路1に対応するモデルとして図7に示すゲート駆動回路Sim1を作成し、回路シミュレータソフトを用いて、負バイアス化の効果を確認した。
回路シミュレータソフトでは、ゲート電圧を12V、駆動周波数を100kHz、デューティ比を50%、抵抗Rpの抵抗値を130Ω、抵抗Rsの抵抗値を200Ω、コンデンサCpの容量を600pF、コンデンサCsの容量を22nFと設定してシミュレーションを行った。
本実施例に係るゲート駆動回路1を、図2に示すようなハーフブリッジ回路の一つのレグの対向アームを構成するスイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2のゲート駆動回路として用いる場合について説明してきたが、ゲート駆動回路1は、図1(B)に示すような二つのレグを有するフルブリッジ回路に含まれるスイッチング素子のゲート駆動回路として用いることもできる。図9は、このようなフルブリッジ回路の二つのレグの下アームのみを示した図である。ここでは、左側のアームがスイッチング素子Q1を備え、右側のアームがスイッチング素子Q2を備える。スイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2のそれぞれに対するゲート駆動回路1-1及びゲート駆動回路1-2の構成要素は符号の後に1又は2を付している。各構成要素は上述のゲート駆動回路1と同様であるため説明は省略する。ここでは、スイッチング素子Q1のゲート駆動回路1-1及びスイッチング素子Q2のゲート駆動回路1-2を同一のゲート電源Vsによって動作させている。
次に、本発明の実施例2に係るゲート駆動回路2について説明する。実施例1と共通する構成については、同じ符号を用いて詳細な説明を省略する。本実施例に係るゲート駆動回路2について、図1及び図2に示すスイッチング回路及び同期整流型昇圧チョッパ回路100のスイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2のゲートをそれぞれ駆動するゲート駆動回路GD1及びゲート駆動回路GD2として適用することができる。また、ゲート駆動回路2は、図12に示すような、フルブリッジ回路を構成するスイッチング素子のゲート駆動にも適用することができる。
Vcp_II及びVcs_IIはそれぞれモードIID終わりのコンデンサCp及びコンデンサCsの両端の電圧、Vqs_III及びVcp_IIIはそれぞれモードIIID終わりのミラークランプ回路21のスイッチング素子Qsのドレイン・ソース間電圧及びコンデンサCpの両端の電圧である。また、Qgは及びCissはスイッチング素子Qのゲート電荷量及び入力容量である。Cp及びCsは、それぞれコンデンサCp及びコンデンサCsの容量である。これらの物理量と、ミラークランプ回路21のスイッチング素子Qsがオンする閾値電圧Vthとの間に以下の式が成り立つ。
次に、実施例2に係るゲート駆動回路2に対応するモデルとして図16に示すゲート駆動回路Sim2を作成し、シミュレータソフトを用いて、負バイアス化の効果を確認した。
回路シミュレータソフトでは、実施例1の場合と同様に、ゲート電圧を12V、駆動周波数を100kHz、デューティ比を50%、抵抗Rpの抵抗値を130Ω、抵抗Rsの抵抗値を200Ω、コンデンサCpの容量を600pF、コンデンサCsの容量を22nFと設定してシミュレーションを行った。
次に、本発明の実施例3に係るゲート駆動回路3について説明する。実施例1及び実施例2と共通する構成については、同じ符号を用いて詳細な説明を省略する。本実施例に係るゲート駆動回路について、図1及び図2に示すスイッチング回路及び同期整流型昇圧チョッパ回路100のスイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2のゲートをそれぞれ駆動するゲート駆動回路GD1及びゲート駆動回路GD2として適用することができる。また、ゲート駆動回路3は、図9に示すような、フルブリッジ回路を構成するスイッチング素子のゲート駆動にも適用することができる。
次に、実施例3に係るゲート駆動回路3に対応するモデルとして図20に示すゲート駆動回路Sim3を作成し、回路シミュレータソフトを用いて、負バイアス化の効果を確認した。
回路シミュレータソフトでは、ゲート電圧を12V、駆動周波数を100kHz、デューティ比を50%、抵抗Rpの抵抗値を130Ω、抵抗Rsの抵抗値を200Ω、コンデンサCpの容量を600pF、コンデンサCsの容量を22nF、抵抗Rtの抵抗値300Ωと設定してシミュレーションを行った。
次に、本発明の実施例4に係るゲート駆動回路4について説明する。実施例1、実施例2及び実施例3と共通する構成については、同じ符号を用いて詳細な説明を省略する。本実施例に係るゲート駆動回路について、図1及び図2に示すスイッチング回路及び同期整流型昇圧チョッパ回路100のスイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2のゲートをそれぞれ駆動するゲート駆動回路GD1及びゲート駆動回路GD2として適用することができる。また、ゲート駆動回路4は、図9に示すような、フルブリッジ回路を構成するスイッチング素子のゲート駆動にも適用することができる。
次に、実施例4に係るゲート駆動回路4に対応するモデルとして図24に示すゲート駆動回路Sim4を作成し、回路シミュレータソフトを用いて、負バイアス化の効果を確認した。
回路シミュレータソフトでは、ゲート電圧を12V、駆動周波数を100kHz、デューティ比を50%、抵抗Rpの抵抗値を130Ω、抵抗Rsの抵抗値を200Ω、コンデンサCpの容量を600pF、コンデンサCsの容量を22nF、抵抗Rtの抵抗値300Ω、抵抗Rfの抵抗値150Ωと設定してシミュレーションを行った。
次に、本発明の実施例5に係るゲート駆動回路5について説明する。実施例1、実施例2、実施例3及び実施例4と共通する構成については、同じ符号を用いて詳細な説明を省略する。本実施例に係るゲート駆動回路について、図1及び図2に示すスイッチング回路及び同期整流型昇圧チョッパ回路100のスイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2のゲートをそれぞれ駆動するゲート駆動回路GD1及びゲート駆動回路GD2として適用することができる。また、ゲート駆動回路5は、図9に示すような、フルブリッジ回路を構成するスイッチング素子のゲート駆動にも適用することができる。
次に、本発明の実施例6に係るゲート駆動回路6について説明する。実施例1、実施例2、実施例3、実施例4及び実施例5と共通する構成については、同じ符号を用いて詳細な説明を省略する。本実施例に係るゲート駆動回路6について、図1及び図2に示すスイッチング回路及び同期整流型昇圧チョッパ回路100のスイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2のゲートをそれぞれ駆動するゲート駆動回路GD1及びゲート駆動回路GD2として適用することができる。また、ゲート駆動回路6は、図9に示すようなフルブリッジ回路を構成するスイッチング素子のゲート駆動にも適用することができる。
ここでは、抵抗Rg、コンデンサCg及びツェナーダイオードZDgによって定電圧回路を生成しているが、定電圧回路の構成はこれに限られず、レギュレータ等により構成することもできる。
次に、本発明の実施例7に係るゲート駆動回路6について説明する。実施例1、実施例2、実施例3、実施例4、実施例5及び実施例6と共通する構成については、同じ符号を用いて詳細な説明を省略する。本実施例に係るゲート駆動回路7について、図1及び図2に示すスイッチング回路及び同期整流型昇圧チョッパ回路100のスイッチング素子Q1及びスイッチング素子Q2のゲートをそれぞれ駆動するゲート駆動回路GD1及びゲート駆動回路GD2として適用することができる。また、ゲート駆動回路7は、図9に示すようなフルブリッジ回路を構成するスイッチング素子のゲート駆動にも適用することができる。
スイッチング素子(Q)を駆動する駆動回路(1,2,3,4,5)であって、
前記スイッチング素子(Q)のゲート端子に接続される第1端子(Vout)と該スイッチング素子(Q)のソース端子に接続される第2端子(Vgnd)とを有し、前記第1端子(Vout)から前記ゲート端子に制御信号を出力する制御部(10)と、
並列に接続された第1コンデンサ(Cs)及び第1抵抗(Rs)と、
並列に接続された第2コンデンサ(Cp)及び第2抵抗(Rp)と、
を備え、
前記ゲート端子と前記第1端子(Vout)とを接続する第1接続線(11)の前記ゲート端子側に、前記第1コンデンサ(Cs)及び第1抵抗(Rs)が、該第1接続線(11)に直列に接続され、
前記第1接続線(11)の前記第1端子(Vout)側に、前記第2コンデンサ(Cp)及び第2抵抗(Rp)が、該第1接続線(11)に直列に接続されたことを特徴とするスイッチング素子(Q)の駆動回路(1,2,3,4,5)。
10 :ゲートドライバ
11,12 :接続線
100,200 :スイッチング回路
Q :スイッチング素子
Cs,Cp :コンデンサ
Rs,Rp :抵抗
Claims (10)
- スイッチング素子を駆動する駆動回路であって、
前記スイッチング素子のゲート端子に第1接続線を介して接続される第1端子と該スイッチング素子のソース端子に第2接続線を介して接続される第2端子とを有し、前記第1端子から前記ゲート端子に制御信号を出力する制御部と、
並列に接続された第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗と、
並列に接続された第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗と、
を備え、
前記第1接続線の前記ゲート端子側に、前記第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗が、該第1接続線に直列に接続され、
前記第1接続線の前記第1端子側に、前記第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗が、該第1接続線に直列に接続されたことを特徴とするスイッチング素子の駆動回路。 - 前記第1接続線の前記第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗と前記第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗との中点と、前記第2接続線との間に、ミラークランプ回路を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスイッチング素子の駆動回路。
- 直列に接続された第1ダイオード及び第3抵抗を、前記第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗に並列に接続し、
前記第1ダイオードのカソード端子が前記第1端子に接続されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のスイッチング素子の駆動回路。 - 前記第1接続線の、前記第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗と前記ゲート端子との間と、前記第2接続線との間に、直列に接続された第2ダイオード及び第4抵抗を接続し、
前記第2ダイオードのカソード端子が前記第1接続線に接続されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子の駆動回路。 - 前記第2コンデンサの前記第1端子側に第5抵抗を直列に接続し、
前記第2コンデンサ及び前記第5抵抗は、前記第2抵抗に並列に接続され、
直列に接続された第3ダイオードと第6抵抗が、前記第5抵抗に並列に接続され、
前記第3ダイオードのカソード端子が前記第1端子に接続されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子の駆動回路。 - 前記スイッチング素子の前記ソース端子に対する前記ゲート端子の電圧を所定電圧値以下に保持するクランプ回路を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子の駆動回路。
- 前記第1接続線における、前記第1コンデンサ及び第1抵抗並びに前記第2コンデンサ及び第2抵抗の中点と、前記第2接続線との間に、第4ダイオードを接続し、
前記第4ダイオードのカソード端子が前記第1接続線に接続されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子の駆動回路。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子の駆動回路によって駆動される前記スイッチング素子を備えたスイッチング回路。
- 前記スイッチング素子によって構成されるハーフブリッジ回路を含む請求項8に記載のスイッチング回路。
- 前記スイッチング素子によって構成されるフルブリッジ回路を含む請求項8に記載のスイッチング回路。
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JP2013099133A (ja) | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-20 | Toshiba Corp | ゲート駆動回路 |
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JP2014093586A (ja) | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-19 | Rohm Co Ltd | ゲート駆動回路、インバータ回路、電力変換装置および電気機器 |
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