WO2022062746A1 - 一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯及制成瓷砖 - Google Patents

一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯及制成瓷砖 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022062746A1
WO2022062746A1 PCT/CN2021/112040 CN2021112040W WO2022062746A1 WO 2022062746 A1 WO2022062746 A1 WO 2022062746A1 CN 2021112040 W CN2021112040 W CN 2021112040W WO 2022062746 A1 WO2022062746 A1 WO 2022062746A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pattern
mold core
ring
tile
back mold
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PCT/CN2021/112040
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈锐
Original Assignee
陈锐
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Application filed by 陈锐 filed Critical 陈锐
Priority to EP21871123.2A priority Critical patent/EP4134217A4/en
Priority to US17/923,207 priority patent/US20230182345A1/en
Publication of WO2022062746A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062746A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/20—Moulds for making shaped articles with undercut recesses, e.g. dovetails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/003—Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/024—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form the pressure on the material being transmitted through flexible or resilient wall parts, e.g. flexible cushions on the ramming surface, resilient wall parts pressing as a result of deformation caused by ram pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
    • B28B7/0082—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces with surfaces for moulding parallel grooves or ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0097—Press moulds; Press-mould and press-ram assemblies
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/08—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of ceramic production, more particularly, to a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core and a ceramic tile.
  • the ceramic tile embryo is formed from powder by ultra-high pressure pressing.
  • the tile embryo is formed by mechanical equipment and fixed upper and lower molds.
  • In the existing ceramic tile back mold core technology especially in molds with a size of 300*300mm or more, most of them are square patterns, curved broom patterns, random patterns, raised dot patterns, etc.
  • the common feature of all existing back mold cores is that the connecting edges between the convex and concave grooves have a positive demoulding slope, that is, the upper opening of the convex groove is smaller than the lower opening and the center lines of the upper and lower openings coincide. This structural configuration determines that an effective dovetail groove cannot be formed.
  • the thickness of the pressed blank is generally 35% to 40% of the thickness of the layout powder.
  • the shrinkage rates of the tile blanks with different densities are different during sintering, which leads to insufficient flatness of the tile surface, and defective products that are sintered through the bottom, so that the tile has to reduce the depth of the back pattern and reduce the bonding strength.
  • the tile blank In the process of pressing the tile blank, when the tile blank is pressed and formed, it is pressed by the joint force of the upper mold and the lower mold on the six sides of the mold cavity. At the final pressing, the tile blank has the same internal stress of the reaction force.
  • the tile blanks formed by the upper mold and the lower mold will first float out of the lower mold cavity, and the pressure on the four sides of the tile blanks will be released first.
  • the tile body expands to the four sides to release the internal stress. With the further upward movement of the upper mold, the whole tile body expands evenly to release the internal stress.
  • the enlarged tile blank and the back pattern of the tile back mold core no longer match.
  • the tile blank slides from the center to the outside along the demolding slope position of the back mold core back pattern and is released from the mold.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent the phenomenon of ceramic tile sintering through the bottom in the production process of the ceramic tile body, to make the pressed ceramic tile deep enough and to have a dovetail groove structure, and to make full use of the self-expansion deformation of the ceramic tile when it is demolded.
  • One feature is to provide a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile back mold core; and use the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile back mold core of the present invention to make a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove back pattern tile.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core comprising a back mold core iron matrix and a surface vulcanized glue of the back mold core, and the surface vulcanized glue of the back mold core includes convex lines and concave grooves.
  • the pattern is integrally formed and pasted on the iron base of the back core.
  • the first ring of raised grains is set at the center of the back core as the center reference ring pattern, and the central reference ring pattern is equidistantly shifted outwards.
  • the outermost ring of the offset relief is the outermost ring
  • the layers between the center reference ring and the outermost ring are the middle part of the ring, and the four corners of the back mold core
  • the outermost ring pattern is offset at an equal distance into segmented arc pattern or straight line angle arc pattern; the side of all raised corrugations near the center of the back core forms an obtuse angle with the plane of the back core and the far back
  • One side of the center of the core and the plane of the back core form an acute angle, the obtuse angles of the raised grooves are equal, the acute angle of the central reference ring is close to 90 degrees, and the acute angle of the outermost ring is the smallest among the raised grooves.
  • the acute angle of the angle, the acute angle of the middle part of the ring pattern between the center reference ring pattern and the outermost ring pattern is arranged from the center to the outside from large to small according to the angle equal difference, and the acute angle of the angular arc pattern is equal to or smaller than the acute angle of the outermost ring pattern.
  • the acute angle of the ring pattern; the top outside corner of the relief pattern and the inner corner at the junction of the relief pattern and the concave pattern are rounded; the part in the center reference ring pattern is the tile trademark or tile information area that is higher than the concave pattern.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core wherein, from the central reference ring pattern to the outermost ring pattern, a plurality of divergent reinforcing rib embossings are arranged, and the height of the diverging reinforcing rib embossing is the same as that of the ring pattern in the middle part,
  • the two sides form an obtuse angle with the plane of the back core and the angle is equal to the obtuse angle of the ring pattern in the middle part.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core wherein a plurality of divergent subarea grooves are arranged from the central reference ring pattern to the outermost ring pattern, and the divergent subarea concave grooves divide the back mold core pattern into a plurality of sectors , divide the closed loop from the central reference loop to the outermost loop into multiple independent arcs or straight lines.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile back mold core wherein the obtuse angle of the ridges is 120 degrees to 150 degrees, and the acute angles formed by each ridge and the plane of the back mold core are 60 degrees to 89 degrees.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core wherein the height of the raised groove is 1-5 mm, the width of the root of the raised groove is 3-8 mm, and the top part is parallel to the plane of the back mold core after deducting the outer corner and rounding.
  • the flat section is less than 1mm, and the width of the grooves between the rings is 3-10mm.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core wherein the height of the raised ridges is equal or rises uniformly from the central reference ring to the outer ring by ring, and the slope angle is less than 1 degree.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core wherein an isostatic pressing layer is arranged between the back mold core iron base and the back mold core surface vulcanizate;
  • An exhaust system is arranged between the two sides, the exhaust port is located at the obtuse slope of the convex groove, and the exhaust pipe is located in the iron matrix of the back mold core.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove back pattern tile which can be obtained by applying the technology of the present invention to a concentric ring unilateral dovetail tile back mold core, wherein the tile trademark or tile information is located in the center area of the back of the tile, and the area Surrounded by a circle of closed grooves, from the closed grooves outwards are equidistantly offset annular grooves, all grooves near the center of the tile are slopes or arc slopes with equal angles, and the other side of the grooves It is an invisible slope with horizontal projection and the slope angle gradually increases from the center of the tile to the outside. After the tile is cut from the center line, the back profile of the fractured tile is in a zigzag shape from the middle to both sides.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core and a ceramic tile made in the present invention are summarized, a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core, and the surface vulcanized glue of the back mold core includes convex and concave grooves.
  • the embossment On the iron base of the back mold core, the embossment is centered on the center of the back mold core, and the layers are offset outwards at equal distances.
  • the near center side of the embossment is an obtuse angle of equal angle, and the far center side is an acute angle with an equal and smaller angle;
  • the acute angle on the far center side of the raised pattern forms a unilateral dovetail groove for the back pattern of the tile.
  • the unilateral dovetail groove formed by the green body moves laterally away from the acute angle of the raised pattern so as to be smoothly demolded; a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove back pattern ceramic tile is manufactured by using the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core of the present invention.
  • the tile trademark or tile information is located in the center area of the back of the tile. After the tile is cut from the center line, the section of the fractured tile back pattern is in a zigzag shape from the middle to both sides.
  • the implementation of a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove ceramic tile back mold core and a ceramic tile of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: the structure is simple and firm, and the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove embossment is integrally formed and covered on the back.
  • the core iron matrix can be obtained by vulcanization and molding; it is convenient to further optimize the addition of isostatic pressing system and exhaust system;
  • the axis is symmetrical, and the symmetrical lines form bilateral dovetail grooves with excellent structural strength; after the tiles are pasted, they form a rigid mortise and tenon structure with the adhesive layer to prevent the tiles from falling off and greatly improve the safety performance of the tiles.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the back mold core of the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the centerline of the back mold core of the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the back mold core of the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a large sample view B of the center reference ring pattern of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a large sample view c of the outermost ring pattern of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a view of a green tile body when pressure is applied according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view of a tile blank during demolding of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a large-scale view of the tile blank of the present invention during demolding.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention with the addition of an isostatic pressure or exhaust system.
  • Fig. 10 is a plan view of the back pattern of the back mold core of a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile with another pattern of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of the back mold core with the diverging reinforcing rib embossing added to the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a plan view of the back mold core with partitioned grooves of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a view of a tile blank when the tile is pressed and demolded in the reverse beating process of the present invention.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail tile back mold core includes a back mold core iron base 6 and a vulcanized rubber on the surface of the back mold core.
  • the pattern is integrally formed and pasted on the back mold core iron base 6, wherein the first ring of raised lines is set at the center of the back mold core as the center reference ring pattern 1, and the center reference ring pattern 1 is offset outward at equal distances.
  • the pattern has been offset to the outermost layer, the outermost ring of the offset relief is the outermost ring pattern 2, and the rings between the center reference ring pattern 1 and the outermost ring pattern 2 are the middle part of the ring pattern 3.
  • the four corners of the back core are equidistant from the outermost ring pattern 2 in the area where the ring pattern cannot be formed into segmented arc lines or straight lines and corner arc lines 4; all the raised lines are close to the center of the back core.
  • the plane of the back mold core forms an obtuse angle, and the side far from the center of the back mold core forms an acute angle with the plane of the back mold core.
  • the obtuse angle of the convex grooves of each convex pattern is equal, and the acute angle of the central reference ring pattern 1 is close to 90 degrees, and the outermost ring is close to 90 degrees.
  • the acute angle of the pattern 2 is the smallest acute angle in each ring pattern, and the acute angle of the ring pattern 3 in the middle part between the central reference ring pattern 1 and the outermost ring pattern 2 is arranged from the center to the outside from large to small according to the angle equal difference.
  • the acute angle of 4 is equal to or less than the acute angle of the outermost ring pattern 2; the outer corner of the top of the relief pattern and the inner corner of the junction of the relief pattern and the concave pattern are rounded; the part in the center reference ring pattern 1 Zone 5 for the tile logo or tile information above the indentation.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail tile back mold core including the back mold core iron base 6 and the vulcanized glue on the surface of the back mold core.
  • Shape the same embossed pattern is engraved on the aluminum plate by the CNC machine tool, the outer edge of the aluminum plate is 4mm larger than the designed back mold core, and the completed aluminum mold is called the master mold I; prepare another iron or aluminum plate, the outer The side length is 2mm smaller than the master mold I, and after leaving a cutting edge of about 1.3mm around, a groove with a depth of 2-6mm is milled out on the front panel, and the groove is sandblasted, smeared with primer, poured on The back cover of the liquid polyurethane glue is covered with a master mold I coated with a mold release agent.
  • the master mold I is demolded to obtain a master mold II;
  • the inner groove of the cutting edge with a thickness of ⁇ 0.8mm, sandblast the surface of the inner groove, apply the primer, pour the liquid polyurethane glue, and then cover the master mold II with the mold release agent.
  • the master mold II is demolded to obtain a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile back mold core required by the design.
  • a strengthening measure can be added to the back mold core of the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile.
  • a plurality of divergent reinforcing rib ridges 7 are arranged to strengthen the divergence.
  • the height of the ribs 7 is the same as the height of the ring groove 3 in the middle part.
  • another strengthening measure can be added to the concentric ring unilateral dovetail tile back mold core, from the central reference ring pattern 1 to the outermost ring pattern 2 to set a plurality of divergent partition grooves 8, and the divergent partition
  • the groove 8 divides the back mold core pattern into a plurality of sectors, and divides the closed loop from the central reference ring pattern 1 to the outermost ring pattern 2 into multiple independent arc patterns or straight lines.
  • the side of all raised lines near the center of the back core forms an obtuse angle with the plane of the back core, while the side far from the back core forms an obtuse angle.
  • One side of the center forms an acute angle with the plane of the back mold core
  • the obtuse angle of the relief is 120 degrees to 150 degrees
  • the acute angle formed by each relief and the plane of the back mold core is 60 degrees to 89 degrees, and the angles are equal to 10 degrees. range deviation.
  • the height of the relief is 1-5mm
  • the width of the root of the relief is 3-8mm
  • the top is deducted from the sun.
  • the plane section parallel to the plane of the back mold core is less than 1 mm
  • the width of the grooves between the rings is 3 to 10 mm.
  • the height of the raised grooves is the same or rises equally from the center reference ring to the outer ring, and the slope angle is less than 1 degree .
  • more optimization measures can be added to the back core of the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile, and the isostatic pressing layer 13 can be arranged between the iron base 6 of the back core and the vulcanized rubber on the surface of the back core;
  • An exhaust system 12 can be arranged between the core iron base 6 and the vulcanized rubber on the surface of the back core.
  • the tile blank 11 begins to expand and deform around the outer periphery to release the internal stress, and then with the further improvement of the face core 10, the upper and lower pressure constraints disappear, the tile blank 11 is further deformed and expanded to release the internal stress.
  • the side length is about 0.8% longer than the side in the lower mold cavity 9, and most of them are between 0.5% and 1.5%.
  • Different powder materials have different expansion rates in different pressure processes.
  • the expansion of the tile blank 11 is based on the center of the tile blank 11 and extends to the surrounding with equal expansion rate.
  • the center of the tile blank 11 has a smaller expansion degree, and the further the outward expansion degree is, the larger the expansion and deformation of the tile blank 11 is.
  • the contact movement with the concentric ring unilateral dovetail tile back mold core is on the side of the back mold core's relief near the center reference ring, and the relief on this side is an obtuse angle of 120 degrees to 150 degrees. At the same time, it also moves longitudinally to lift the tile blank from the back mold core, and the convex pattern on the other side is an acute angle of 60 to 89 degrees forming a unilateral dovetail groove.
  • the work of a concentric ring unilateral dovetail tile back mold core can also be applied to the reverse punching process with the face core 10 underneath, and the process is the same as the above-mentioned forward punching process.
  • a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove back pattern tile which can be obtained by applying the technology of the present invention to a concentric ring unilateral dovetail tile back mold core, wherein the tile trademark or tile information is located in the center area of the back of the tile, and the area Surrounded by a circle of closed grooves, from the closed grooves outwards are equidistantly offset annular grooves, all grooves near the center of the tile are slopes or arc slopes with equal angles, and the other side of the grooves It is an invisible slope with horizontal projection and the slope angle gradually increases from the center of the tile to the outside. After the tile is cut from the center line, the back profile of the fractured tile is in a zigzag shape from the middle to both sides.
  • the concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove tile back mold core of the present invention is especially suitable for the tiles of 300*300 and above, and an exhaust system can also be added according to the requirements of specific tiles.
  • And isostatic pressing layer changing the characteristics of the back pattern of the traditional tile back mold core, making full use of the deformation movement when the internal stress is released when the tile blank is demolded, so that the tile forms a concentric ring unilateral dovetail groove back pattern, and the concentric ring is the center Symmetrical or axisymmetric geometric patterns, after pasting, form a rigid mortise and tenon structure with a rigid bilateral dovetail groove with the hardened adhesive layer, which greatly improves the safety performance of tile pasting and can produce unexpected industrial effects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，背模芯表面硫化胶包括凸纹和凹纹一体成型粘贴覆在背模芯铁基体上，凸纹以背模芯的中心位置为中心，层层等距离往外偏移，凸纹近中心侧为等角钝角，远中心侧为角度等差渐小的锐角；在瓷砖坯体压制过程中，凸纹远中心侧的锐角，给瓷砖背纹形成单边燕尾槽，在瓷砖坯体脱模环节中，利用瓷砖坯体释放自应力时向外变形的运动，瓷砖坯体所形成的单边燕尾槽横向远离凸纹的锐角移动从而顺利脱模；一种同心环单边燕尾槽背纹瓷砖，利用本发明的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯制成，瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息位于瓷砖背面中心区域，瓷砖从中间中线剖开后，断口瓷砖背纹剖面呈从中间往两边走向的锯齿状。

Description

一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯及制成瓷砖 技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷生产制作领域，更具体地说，特别涉及一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯及制成瓷砖。
背景技术
现有的瓷砖生产工艺，瓷砖胚体由粉状通过超高压力压制成型的特点，瓷砖胚体通过机械设备用固定的上下模具合模而成，为增加粘结面积，瓷砖背面都布置了各种各样花纹的背纹，在现有的瓷砖背模芯工艺中，尤其是300*300mm以上尺寸的模具中，大多数都是方格纹、弧形扫把纹、随机纹、凸点纹等，所有现有背模芯的共同之处在于，凸纹与凹纹间的连接边都是有正向脱模坡度，即凸纹的上口比下口要小且上下口的中心线重合，这结构构造决定了无法形成有效的燕尾槽。
瓷砖坯体压制过程中，压成的坯体厚度一般为布置粉料厚度的35％～40％，瓷砖背模芯背纹上凸纹与凹纹间的高差导致了其对应位置的瓷砖坯体密度有差异，密度有差异的瓷砖坯体在烧结中收缩率不相同从而导致了瓷砖面平整度不足，出现烧结透底的不良品，使得瓷砖不得不降低背纹深度而降低了粘贴强度。
瓷砖坯体压制过程中，在瓷砖坯体压制成型时，是通过上模、下模在模腔内六面共同受力作用而压制成的，终压时瓷砖坯体具备相同反作用力的内应力，在瓷砖坯体脱模环节中，尤其对于300*300mm以上尺寸瓷砖的脱模，上模下模夹着成型的瓷砖坯体先浮出下模腔，此时瓷砖坯体四边的压力先释放，瓷砖坯体向四边体积膨胀释放内应力，随着上模进一步的往上提升，整块瓷砖坯体均匀膨胀释放内应力，膨胀后的瓷砖坯体边长增大约0.5％-1.5％，膨胀增大后的瓷砖坯体与瓷砖背模芯背纹不再匹配，膨胀变形时瓷砖坯体沿背模芯背纹的脱模坡度位置从中心由内往外滑升而脱模。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题在于，在瓷砖坯体生产环节中，防止出现瓷砖烧结透底的现象、使压制成的瓷砖背纹足够深且有燕尾槽结构，充分利用瓷砖脱模时的自身膨胀变形这一特点，提供一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯；且利用本发明的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯制成一种同心环单边燕尾槽背纹瓷砖。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，包括背模芯铁基体和背模芯表面硫化胶，背模芯表面硫化胶包括凸纹和凹纹一体成型粘贴覆在背模芯铁基体上，其中，以背模芯的中心位置为中心设置第一圈凸纹为中心基准环纹，将中心基准环纹等距离往外偏移凸纹一直偏移到最外层，所述的偏移凸纹最外一圈系最外环纹，中心基准环纹到最外环纹之间的各层环纹系中间部分环纹，背模芯的四角在环纹形成不到的区域以最外环纹等距偏移成分段弧纹或直纹系角弧纹；所有凸纹近背模芯中心的一侧与背模芯平面形成钝角而远背模芯中心的一侧与背模芯平面形成锐角，所述的各凸纹的凸纹钝角角度相等，中心基准环纹的锐角接近90度，最外环纹的锐角为各环凸纹中最小 角度锐角，中心基准环纹到最外环纹间的中间部分环纹的锐角按角度等差由中心往外从大到小排列，角弧纹的锐角与最外环纹的锐角相等或小于最外环纹的锐角；凸纹顶部阳角及凸纹与凹纹交接处阴角都倒圆角；中心基准环纹内的部分为高于凹纹的瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息区。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其中，所述中心基准环纹到最外环纹设置有多条发散加强筋凸纹，发散加强筋凸纹高度与中间部分环纹等高，两侧边与背模芯平面形成钝角且角度等于中间部分环纹的钝角。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其中，所述中心基准环纹到最外环纹设置有多条发散分区凹纹，发散分区凹纹将背模芯纹路划分成多个扇区，把从中心基准环纹到最外环纹的闭合环圈划分成多段独立的弧纹或直纹。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其中，所述凸纹钝角在120度到150度，各凸纹与背模芯平面形成的锐角在60度到89度。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其中，所述凸纹高度在1～5mm，凸纹根部宽度在3～8mm，顶部减除阳角倒圆角后的平行于背模芯平面的平面段小于1mm，各环纹间的凹纹宽度在3～10mm。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其中，所述凸纹高度相等或从中心基准环纹往外逐环等差升高，起坡角度小于1度。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其中，所述的背模芯铁基体和背模芯表面硫化胶间设置有等静压层；背模芯铁基体和背模芯表面硫化胶间设置有排气系统，排气口位于凸纹钝角坡面处，排气管位于背模芯铁基体内。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽背纹瓷砖，应用本发明技术的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯生产时即可得到，其中，瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息位于瓷砖背面中心区域，该区域有一圈闭合凹纹包围，从该所述的闭合凹纹往外为等距离偏移环纹凹纹，所有凹纹近瓷砖中心的内侧为角度相等的斜坡或弧坡，而凹纹的另一侧为水平投影不可见的倒坡且倒坡角度从瓷砖中心到外逐步加大，瓷砖从中间中线剖开后，断口瓷砖背纹剖面呈从中间往两边走向的锯齿状。
对本发明的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯及制成瓷砖概括，一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，背模芯表面硫化胶包括凸纹和凹纹一体成型粘贴覆在背模芯铁基体上，凸纹以背模芯的中心位置为中心，层层等距离往外偏移，凸纹近中心侧为等角钝角，远中心侧为角度等差渐小的锐角；在瓷砖坯体压制过程中，凸纹远中心侧的锐角，给瓷砖背纹形成单边燕尾槽，在瓷砖坯体脱模环节中，利用瓷砖坯体释放自应力时向外变形的运动，瓷砖坯体所形成的单边燕尾槽横向远离凸纹的锐角移动从而顺利脱模；一种同心环单边燕尾槽背纹瓷砖，利用本发明的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯制成，瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息位于瓷砖背面中心区域，瓷砖从中间中线剖开后，断口瓷砖背纹剖面呈从中间往两边走向的锯齿状。
与现有技术相比，实施本发明的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯及制成瓷砖，具有以下有益效果：结构简单牢固，同心环单边燕尾槽凸纹一体成型覆在背模芯铁基体硫化成型即可得到；便于进一步优化加入等静压系统及排气系统；所生产出的瓷砖，其背纹纹路深、表面平整，所形成的单边燕尾槽背纹中心对称或轴对称，所对称的纹路形成结构力极 好的双边燕尾槽；瓷砖粘贴后与粘接层形成刚性卯榫结构，防止瓷砖脱落，大大提高瓷砖安全性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明的同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯剖视图。
图2是本发明的同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯中线剖面图。
图3是本发明的同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯剖面大样图。
图4是本发明的中心基准环纹大样图B。
图5是本发明的最外环纹大样图c。
图6是本发明的施压时瓷砖坯体图。
图7是本发明的脱模时瓷砖坯体图。
图8是本发明的脱模时瓷砖坯体大样图。
图9是本发明的加入等静压或排气系统时剖面图。
图10是本发明的另一种花纹的同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯背纹平面图。
图11是本发明的加入发散加强筋凸纹的背模芯平面图。
图12是本发明的加入分区凹纹的背模芯平面图。
图13是本发明的反打工艺的瓷砖施压时及脱模时瓷砖坯体图。
其中：1、中心基准环纹；2、最外环纹；3、中间部分环纹；4、角弧纹；5、瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息；6、背模芯铁基体；7、发散加强筋凸纹；8、发散分区凹纹；9、下模腔；10、面模芯；11、瓷砖坯体；12、排气系统；13等静压层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
如图1-5、图10所示，一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，包括背模芯铁基体6和背模芯表面硫化胶，背模芯表面硫化胶包括凸纹和凹纹一体成型粘贴覆在背模芯铁基体6上，其中，以背模芯的中心位置为中心设置第一圈凸纹为中心基准环纹1，将中心基准环纹1等距离往外偏移凸纹一直偏移到最外层，所述的偏移凸纹最外一圈系最外环纹2，中心基准环纹1到最外环纹2之间的各层环纹系中间部分环纹3，背模芯的四角在环纹形成不到的区域以最外环纹2等距偏移成分段弧纹或直纹系角弧纹4；所有凸纹近背模芯中心的一侧与背模芯平面形成钝角而远背模芯中心的一侧与背模芯平面形成锐角，所述的各凸纹的凸纹钝角角度相等，中心基准环纹1的锐角接近90度，最外环纹2的锐角为各环凸纹中最小角度锐角，中心基准环纹1到最外环纹2间的中间部分环纹3的锐角按角度等差由中心往外从大到小排列，角弧纹4的锐角与最外环纹2的锐角相等或小于最外环纹2的锐角；凸纹顶部阳角及凸纹与凹纹交接处阴角都倒圆角；中心基准环纹1内的部分为高于凹纹的瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息5区。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯的加工制作，包括背模芯铁基体6和背模芯表面硫化胶，首先根据设计好的同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯的背纹及形状，在铝板上通过数控机床雕刻出一样的凸纹纹路，铝板的外围边长比设计背模芯大4mm，所完成的铝模称之为母模I；准备另一块铁板或铝板，外围边长比母模I小2mm，对四周留出约1.3mm的刃口后对 正面板铣出深度为2-6mm的凹槽，对该凹槽进行喷砂处理，涂抹上底胶，浇上液体聚氨酯胶后盖上涂抹了脱模剂的母模I，合模加温硫化后将母模I脱模后得到母模II；将背模芯铁基体6的正表面加工成四周为0.2mm～0.8mm厚的刃口的内凹槽，对该内凹槽表面进行喷砂处理，涂上底胶后浇上液体聚氨酯胶后再盖上涂抹了脱模剂的母模II，合模加温硫化后将母模II脱模后得到设计要求的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯。
如图11所示，可以对同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯增加一种加强措施，从所述中心基准环纹1到最外环纹2设置多条发散加强筋凸纹7，发散加强筋凸纹7高度与中间部分环纹3等高，两侧边与背模芯平面形成钝角且角度等于中间部分环纹3的钝角。
如图12所示，可以对同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯增加另一种加强措施，从所述中心基准环纹1到最外环纹2设置多条发散分区凹纹8，发散分区凹纹8将背模芯纹路划分成多个扇区，把从中心基准环纹1到最外环纹2的闭合环圈划分成多段独立的弧纹或直纹。
如图1-5、图10所示，一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯的细节上，所有凸纹近背模芯中心的一侧与背模芯平面形成钝角而远背模芯中心的一侧与背模芯平面形成锐角，所述凸纹钝角在120度到150度，各凸纹与背模芯平面形成的锐角在60度到89度，所述角度相等可以有10度范围的偏差。
如图1-5、图10所示，一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯的细节上，所述凸纹高度在1～5mm，凸纹根部宽度在3～8mm，顶部减除阳角倒圆角后的平行于背模芯平面的平面段小于1mm，各环纹间的凹纹宽度在3～10mm。
如图1-5所示，一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯的细节上，所述凸纹高度相等或从中心基准环纹往外逐环等差升高，起坡角度小于1度。
如图9所示，可以对同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯增加更多优化措施，所述的背模芯铁基体6和背模芯表面硫化胶间可设置等静压层13；背模芯铁基体6和背模芯表面硫化胶间可设置排气系统12，排气口位于凸纹钝角坡面处，排气管位于背模芯铁基体6内。
如图6、图7、图8所示，说明一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯的工作过程及工作原理，以面模芯10在上的正打工艺为说明例子，工作前，同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯在下模腔9中降落到布料高度，布入瓷砖粉料并刮平，压机工作将面模芯10压入下模腔9内，挤压瓷砖粉料得到压实后的瓷砖坯体11，施压完毕后，背模芯与面模芯10夹着瓷砖坯体11上升到下模腔9的上平面，此时瓷砖坯体11的四边的压力约束消失，瓷砖坯体11开始外四周膨胀变形以释放内应力，再随着面模芯10的进一步提升，上下压力约束消失，瓷砖坯体11进一步变形膨胀以释放内应力，实践中检测显示，瓷砖坯体11完全膨胀释放压力后边长比在下模腔9内的边长大了0.8％左右，大多数在0.5％～1.5％之间，不同的粉料不同的压力工艺的膨胀率各不相同，瓷砖坯体11的膨胀，是以瓷砖坯体11的中心为基准往四周等膨胀率延伸的，瓷砖坯体11的中心膨胀度较小，越往外膨胀度越大，瓷砖坯体11膨胀变形的时候，与同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯产生接触性运动的地方在背模芯的凸纹近中心基准环纹一侧，而该侧的凸纹为120度到150度的钝角，横移的同时也纵向运动顶升瓷砖坯体与背模芯脱离，另一侧凸纹为形成单边燕尾槽的60度到89度的锐角，膨胀运动时就离开悬空，有效保护了瓷砖坯体11所形成的单边燕尾槽。
如图13所示，一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯的工作也可以适用于以面模芯10在下的反打工艺，过程同上述正打工艺相同。
一种同心环单边燕尾槽背纹瓷砖，应用本发明技术的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯生产时即可得到，其中，瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息位于瓷砖背面中心区域，该区域有一圈闭合凹纹包围，从该所述的闭合凹纹往外为等距离偏移环纹凹纹，所有凹纹近瓷砖中心的内侧为角度相等的斜坡或弧坡，而凹纹的另一侧为水平投影不可见的倒坡且倒坡角度从瓷砖中心到外逐步加大，瓷砖从中间中线剖开后，断口瓷砖背纹剖面呈从中间往两边走向的锯齿状。
结合现有的瓷砖模具背模芯传统工艺，本发明的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯尤其适用于300*300及以上尺寸的瓷砖，还能根据具体瓷砖的要求加入排气系统及等静压层，改变传统瓷砖背模芯背纹特点，充分利用瓷砖坯体脱模时释放内应力时的变形运动，使得瓷砖形成同心环单边燕尾槽背纹，而同心环又是中心对称或轴对称的几何图案，粘贴后与硬化的粘接层形成刚性的双边燕尾槽的刚性卯榫结构，大大的提高了瓷砖粘贴安全性能，能产生意想不到的工业效果。
对本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上描述的技术方案及构思，做出其他各种相应的改变以及形变，尤其是对中心基准环纹的设计，可以为圆形、椭圆形、梅花形、多边形等对称或不对称图案，也可以将环纹断开做成分段条纹等，而所有的这些改变以及形变都应该属于本发明专利权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，包括背模芯铁基体和背模芯表面硫化胶，背模芯表面硫化胶包括凸纹和凹纹一体成型粘贴覆在背模芯铁基体上，其特征在于，以背模芯的中心位置为中心设置第一圈凸纹为中心基准环纹，将中心基准环纹等距离往外偏移凸纹一直偏移到最外层，所述的偏移凸纹最外一圈系最外环纹，中心基准环纹到最外环纹之间的各层环纹系中间部分环纹，背模芯的四角在环纹形成不到的区域以最外环纹等距偏移成分段弧纹或直纹系角弧纹；所有凸纹近背模芯中心的一侧与背模芯平面形成钝角而远背模芯中心的一侧与背模芯平面形成锐角，各凸纹的凸纹钝角角度相等，中心基准环纹的锐角接近90度，最外环纹的锐角为各环凸纹中最小角度锐角，中心基准环纹到最外环纹间的中间部分环纹的锐角按角度等差由中心往外从大到小排列，角弧纹的锐角与最外环纹的锐角相等或小于最外环纹的锐角；凸纹顶部阳角及凸纹与凹纹交接处阴角都倒圆角；中心基准环纹内的部分为高于凹纹的瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息区。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其特征在于，所述中心基准环纹到最外环纹设置有多条发散加强筋凸纹，发散加强筋凸纹高度与中间部分环纹等高，两侧边与背模芯平面形成钝角且角度等于中间部分环纹的钝角。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其特征在于，所述中心基准环纹到最外环纹设置有多条发散分区凹纹，发散分区凹纹将背模芯纹路划分成多个扇区，把从中心基准环纹到最外环纹的闭合环圈划分成多段独立的弧纹或直纹。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其特征在于，所述凸纹钝角在120度到150度，各凸纹与背模芯平面形成的锐角在60度到89度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其特征在于，所述凸纹高度在1～5mm，凸纹根部宽度在3～8mm，顶部减除阳角倒圆角后的平行于背模芯平面的平面段小于1mm，各环纹间的凹纹宽度在3～10mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其特征在于，所述凸纹高度相等或从中心基准环纹往外逐环等差升高，起坡角度小于1度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯，其特征在于，所述的背模芯铁基体和背模芯表面硫化胶间设置有等静压层；背模芯铁基体和背模芯表面硫化胶间设置有排气系统，排气口位于凸纹钝角坡面处，排气管位于背模芯铁基体内。
  8. 一种同心环单边燕尾槽背纹瓷砖，其特征在于，其由权利要求1-7任一项所述的一种同心环单边燕尾槽瓷砖背模芯压制而成，瓷砖商标或瓷砖信息位于瓷砖背面中心区域，该区域有一圈闭合凹纹包围，从该所述的闭合凹纹往外为等距离偏移环纹凹纹，所有凹纹近瓷砖中心的内侧为角度相等的斜坡或弧坡，而凹纹的另一侧为水平投影不可见的倒坡且倒坡角度从瓷砖中心到外逐步加大，瓷砖从中间中线剖开后，断口瓷砖背纹剖面呈从中间往两边走向的锯齿状。
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