WO2022062445A1 - 一种热管理系统及电动汽车 - Google Patents

一种热管理系统及电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022062445A1
WO2022062445A1 PCT/CN2021/096175 CN2021096175W WO2022062445A1 WO 2022062445 A1 WO2022062445 A1 WO 2022062445A1 CN 2021096175 W CN2021096175 W CN 2021096175W WO 2022062445 A1 WO2022062445 A1 WO 2022062445A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
way valve
heat exchange
battery
water pump
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/096175
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡浩茫
张晓兵
叶文
梁媛媛
王雷
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21870832.9A priority Critical patent/EP4215411A4/en
Publication of WO2022062445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062445A1/zh
Priority to US18/188,069 priority patent/US20230226877A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00321Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
    • B60H1/00342Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the liquid-liquid type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00485Valves for air-conditioning devices, e.g. thermostatic valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00921Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B60H1/32284Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K11/00Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615Heating or keeping warm
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561Gases
    • H01M10/6563Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567Liquids
    • H01M10/6568Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00928Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/006Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/008Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for heating the electrical propulsion units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545Temperature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of Internet of Vehicles, and in particular, to a thermal management system and an electric vehicle.
  • Electric vehicles have been more and more widely used in the field of power electronics. Electric vehicles achieve battery life and driving by storing electrical energy, so that users can perform operations such as charging directly at home. Compared with traditional vehicles, electric vehicles are not only conducive to protecting the environment, but also do not require users to go to gas stations to refuel, thus helping to improve the convenience of users' lives.
  • the present application provides a thermal management system and an electric vehicle, which are used to realize thermal management of the electric vehicle by using fewer components, and try to make the electric vehicle have more temperature modes.
  • the present application provides a thermal management system
  • the thermal management system may include a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler, a valve body assembly, a first water pump, a second water pump and a third water pump, and a water-cooled condenser
  • the first heat exchange pipe and the second heat exchange pipe may be included, and the battery cooler may include the third heat exchange pipe and the fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the input end of the compressor is respectively connected to the output end of the evaporator and the output end of the third heat exchange pipe in the air conditioning box of the passenger compartment, and the output end of the compressor is connected to the input end of the second heat exchange pipe, and the second heat exchange pipe
  • the output end of the evaporator is respectively connected to the input end of the evaporator and the input end of the third heat exchange pipeline.
  • the first end of the valve body assembly can be connected to the fourth end of the valve body assembly through a first pipeline, and the first pipeline is provided with a first heat exchange pipeline, a heater core in the passenger compartment air conditioner and a first water pump.
  • the second end of the valve body assembly can be connected to the third end of the valve body assembly through a second pipeline, and a third heat exchange pipeline is arranged on the second pipeline.
  • the fifth end of the valve body assembly can be connected to the sixth end of the valve body assembly through a third pipeline, and the third pipeline is provided with a third water pump and a battery.
  • the seventh end of the valve body assembly can be respectively connected to the eighth end of the valve body assembly and the ninth end of the valve body assembly through a fourth pipeline, and the fourth pipeline is provided with the second water pump, the electric driver and the front-end cooling module. cooler.
  • the solution can also achieve cooling or heating of any one or more of the passenger compartment, the battery and the electric drive by controlling these components.
  • this method can achieve more temperature modes with fewer components, which not only saves costs, reduces the process complexity of the electric vehicle, but also helps flexibly control the temperature in the electric vehicle. temperature at each location.
  • the thermal management system may include a first integrated unit and a second integrated unit, wherein one or more of the valve body assembly, the first water pump, the second water pump, and the third water pump may be integrated In the first integrated unit, one or more of the compressor, water-cooled condenser and battery cooler may be integrated in the second integrated unit.
  • the thermal management system includes a third integrated unit, and one or more of the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the battery cooler, the valve body assembly, the first water pump, the second water pump, and the third water pump are integrated in the third integrated unit middle.
  • the design integrates various components of the thermal management system into an integrated unit, which enables the installation of the thermal management system in a modular manner, which helps to improve deployment flexibility.
  • the valve body assembly may be a nine-way valve.
  • the first end of the nine-way valve is connected to the input end of the first heat exchange pipe, the output end of the first heat exchange pipe is connected to the input end of the heater core, and the output end of the heater core is connected to the first heat exchange pipe.
  • the input end of the water pump and the output end of the first water pump are connected to the fourth end of the nine-way valve.
  • the second end of the nine-way valve is connected to the output end of the fourth heat exchange pipeline, and the input end of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the third end of the nine-way valve.
  • the fifth end of the nine-way valve is connected to the output end of the third water pump, the input end of the third water pump is connected to the output end of the battery, and the input end of the battery is connected to the sixth end of the nine-way valve.
  • the seventh end of the nine-way valve is connected to the output end of the second water pump, the input end of the second water pump is connected to the output end of the electric drive, and the input end of the electric drive is connected to the output end of the cooler and the nine The eighth end of the through valve, and the input end of the cooler is connected to the ninth end of the nine-way valve.
  • This design centrally deploys various components in the thermal management system (such as compressor, water-cooled condenser, battery cooler, valve body assembly, first water pump, second water pump, and third water pump) in the same area, so that each component
  • the installation position of the device is more compact, and the pipeline routing between each component can be as short as possible.
  • the pressure loss of the liquid can also be reduced, which helps to improve thermal management.
  • the cooling or heating efficiency of the system can not only simplify the structure of the thermal management system, improve the convenience of control of the valve body assembly, but also help reduce the space occupied by the thermal management system.
  • the valve body assembly may include a five-way valve, a four-way valve and a first three-way valve, wherein the first end of the five-way valve is connected to the third end of the four-way valve.
  • the first end of the five-way valve is connected to the input end of the first heat exchange pipe
  • the output end of the first heat exchange pipe is connected to the input end of the heater core
  • the output end of the heater core is connected to the first heat exchange pipe.
  • the input end of the water pump and the output end of the first water pump are connected to the third end of the five-way valve.
  • the fifth end of the five-way valve is connected to the output end of the fourth heat exchange pipeline, and the input end of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the first end of the four-way valve.
  • the second end of the four-way valve is connected to the output end of the battery, the input end of the battery is connected to the output end of the third water pump, and the input end of the third water pump is connected to the fourth end of the five-way valve.
  • the first end of the first three-way valve is connected to the output end of the second water pump, the input end of the second water pump is connected to the second end of the five-way valve, and the third end of the first three-way valve is connected to the cooler
  • the input end of the cooler and the second end of the first three-way valve are respectively connected to the input end of the electric drive, and the output end of the electric drive is connected to the fourth end of the four-way valve.
  • the design uses multiple valve bodies to realize the valve body assembly. Compared with the nine-way valve, these valve bodies are valve bodies with simpler functions, and the cost of using these valve bodies is relatively lower and easier to obtain.
  • the thermal management system may further include a second three-way valve, the first end of the second three-way valve is connected to the input end of the third water pump, and the second end of the second three-way valve is connected to the input end of the third water pump.
  • the first end of the five-way valve is connected, and the third end of the second three-way valve is connected to the third end of the four-way valve.
  • the valve body assembly can also build a battery circulation loop and a cockpit circulation loop through the second three-way valve, and can also be used for cooling the battery and the cockpit at the same time, or heating the battery and the cockpit at the same time.
  • the temperature of the battery and the temperature of the cockpit are independently controlled by these two loops, further increasing the flexibility of thermal management.
  • the thermal management system may further include coaxially arranged high-pressure pipes and low-pressure pipes, and the high-pressure pipes and the low-pressure pipes are used for heat exchange.
  • the input end of the high pressure pipe is connected to the output end of the second heat exchange pipe, the output end of the high pressure pipe is respectively connected to the input end of the third heat exchange pipe and the input end of the evaporator; the input end of the low pressure pipe is respectively connected to the heater core and the output end of the third heat exchange pipe, and the output end of the low pressure pipe is connected to the input end of the compressor.
  • the secondary heat exchange can also be realized through the high pressure pipe and the low pressure pipe, which helps to further reduce the temperature of the liquid or increase the temperature of the liquid. High liquid temperature, thereby helping to improve cooling or heating efficiency.
  • the thermal management system may further include a water heater, the input end of the water heater is connected to the output end of the first heat exchange pipe, and the output end of the water heater is connected to the input end of the heater core.
  • the thermal management system may further include a first throttle valve and a second throttle valve.
  • the input end of the first throttle valve and the input end of the second throttle valve are respectively connected to the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline, the output end of the first throttle valve is connected to the input end of the third heat exchange pipeline, the second The output end of the throttle valve is connected to the input end of the evaporator.
  • the thermal management system can also control the flow into the two through the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve, respectively. The amount of liquid in each refrigerant circuit, so that the cooling effect in each refrigerant circuit can meet the user's needs as much as possible.
  • the thermal management system may further include a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is disposed outside the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline, and the input end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline , the output end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the first end of the valve body assembly.
  • the liquid storage tank can support adjusting the amount of liquid in the refrigerant circuit according to the cooling effect or the heating effect. For example, when the liquid amount decreases, the liquid storage tank can automatically store more liquid.
  • the thermal management system may further include a gas-liquid separator, and the input end of the gas-liquid separator is respectively connected to the output end of the evaporator and the output end of the third heat exchange pipeline.
  • the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the compressor.
  • the thermal management system may further include a first kettle and a second kettle, the input end of the first kettle is connected to the output end of the heater core, and the output end of the first kettle is connected to the output end of the first water pump The input end, the input end of the second kettle is connected to the output end of the electric drive, and the output end of the second kettle is connected to the seventh end of the valve body assembly.
  • the thermal management system can also use the first kettle and the second kettle to filter the gas, while only circulating the liquid in each loop to improve the cooling effect or heating effect.
  • the present application further provides an electric vehicle, which may include a controller and the thermal management system, passenger compartment air conditioner, battery, driver and front-end cooling module as described in any one of the first aspect above.
  • the controller can be connected with each valve in the thermal management system, and can realize any one of the following modes by controlling the turn-on and turn-off of each valve: the mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are cooled at the same time, and the passenger compartment is cooled separately mode, the battery is cooled alone, the battery is cooled and the passenger compartment is heated, the battery is naturally cooled, the driver is automatically cooled, the passenger compartment and the battery are heated at the same time, the battery is heated and the passenger compartment is dehumidified, The passenger compartment is heated independently, the battery is heated independently, and the vehicle is dehumidified.
  • the electric vehicle can realize the free switching of the cooling mode or the heating mode of one or more of the passenger compartment, the battery and the driver, which is helpful for the electric vehicle to meet the different needs of various users
  • FIG. 1A exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 1B exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of another thermal management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of an integration manner of a valve assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 2B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of an integration manner of another valve assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 3A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of an integration manner of a board replacement assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 3B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of another integration mode of the board replacement assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3C exemplarily shows yet another integration method of the board replacement assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of another integration method of a board replacement assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 4B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of another integration mode of the board replacement assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 4C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of another integration mode of the board replacement assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a general integration method when a liquid storage tank is used according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 5B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the overall integration method when a gas-liquid separator is used according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are simultaneously cooled;
  • FIG. 6B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode of independent cooling of the passenger compartment
  • FIG. 6C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the battery is cooled alone;
  • FIG. 6D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a battery cooling and passenger compartment heating mode
  • FIG. 6E exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a communication relationship of a thermal management system in a battery natural cooling mode
  • FIG. 6F exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode of natural cooling of the motor
  • FIG. 6G exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are heated at the same time;
  • FIG. 6H exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the battery is heated and the passenger compartment is dehumidified;
  • FIG. 6I exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a passenger compartment heating mode alone
  • FIG. 6J exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a battery heating mode alone
  • FIG. 6K exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode of natural cooling of the motor
  • FIG. 7A exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 7B exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of another thermal management system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a general integration method provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 9A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are simultaneously cooled;
  • FIG. 9B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode of independent cooling of the passenger compartment
  • FIG. 9C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the battery is cooled alone;
  • FIG. 9D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a battery natural cooling mode
  • FIG. 9E exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode of natural cooling of the motor
  • FIG. 9F exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are heated at the same time;
  • FIG. 9G exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode of heating the passenger compartment alone;
  • FIG. 9H exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a battery heating mode alone
  • FIG. 10 exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a general integration method provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 12A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are simultaneously cooled;
  • FIG. 12B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode of independent cooling of the passenger compartment;
  • FIG. 12C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a battery-only cooling mode
  • FIG. 12D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a battery cooling and passenger compartment heating mode
  • FIG. 12E exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a motor natural cooling mode
  • FIG. 12F exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are heated at the same time;
  • FIG. 12G exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a passenger compartment heating mode alone
  • FIG. 12H exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the battery is heated alone;
  • FIG. 12I exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of dehumidifying the passenger compartment
  • FIG. 13 exemplarily shows an internal exploded view of a thermal management system corresponding to this embodiment
  • FIG. 14 exemplarily shows an appearance structure diagram of a thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a passenger compartment cooling and battery cooling mode
  • FIG. 15B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a passenger compartment cooling and battery equalization mode
  • FIG. 15C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a passenger compartment ventilation and battery cooling mode
  • FIG. 15D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a passenger compartment ventilation and battery natural cooling mode
  • FIG. 15E exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in an electric drive heat dissipation mode
  • FIG. 15F exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the simultaneous heating mode of the passenger compartment and the battery;
  • FIG. 15G exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a passenger compartment heating and battery temperature equalization mode
  • FIG. 15H exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a passenger compartment ventilation and battery heating mode
  • FIG. 15I exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a communication relationship of a thermal management system in a cabin heating, dehumidifying and battery cooling mode
  • FIG. 15J exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the passenger compartment heating and dehumidification mode
  • FIG. 16 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of an integrated manner of a thermal management system
  • FIG. 17 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a central integrated module of a thermal management system
  • FIG. 18 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a thermal module between thermal management systems
  • FIG. 19 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a connection relationship of another thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the thermal management system in this application is suitable for electric vehicles.
  • An electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses an electric drive to drive.
  • the electric driver may include, for example, a power distribution unit (PDU), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a mapped debug context (Mapped Diagnostic Context, MDC), a motor, and the like.
  • PDU power distribution unit
  • MCU microcontroller unit
  • MDC Mapped Diagnostic Context
  • MDC Mapped Diagnostic Context
  • the thermal management system in the present application centrally deploys various components in the thermal management system, improves the cooling effect and heating effect of the loop by using a short loop wiring, and further realizes the heating and cooling effect of electric vehicles.
  • connection refers to connection through pipes, that is, “connection” in the following description can be replaced with “connection through pipes”.
  • the “battery” hereinafter can be understood as the pipeline where the battery is located.
  • FIG. 1A exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the thermal management system may include a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler, a five-way valve, A four-way valve, a three-way valve, a first water pump (11), a second water pump (12) and a third water pump (13), the water-cooled condenser may include a first heat exchange pipe and a second heat exchange pipe, and the battery cooler may It includes a third heat exchange pipe and a fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the input end (a 11 ) of the first heat exchange pipe is respectively connected to the first end (a 21 ) of the five-way valve and the third end (a 43 ) of the four-way valve, and the output end (a 43 ) of the first heat exchange pipe 12 )
  • the input end of the heater core in the passenger compartment air conditioner the output end of the heater core is connected to the input end of the water pump 10
  • the output end of the water pump 10 is connected to the third end of the five-way valve (a 23 ).
  • the input end (a 13 ) of the second heat exchange pipe is connected to the output end of the compressor, and the output end (a 14 ) of the second heat exchange pipe is divided into two branches, one branch is connected to the input end of the third heat exchange pipe (a 31 ), and then return from the output end (a 32 ) of the third heat exchange pipeline to the input end of the compressor, and another branch is connected to the input end of the evaporator in the air-conditioning box of the passenger compartment, and is further connected by the evaporator’s input end.
  • the output goes back to the input of the compressor.
  • the input end (a 33 ) of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the first end (a 41 ) of the four-way valve, and the output end (a 34 ) of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the fifth end (a 25 ) of the five-way valve,
  • the second end (a 22 ) of the five-way valve is connected to the input end of the water pump 11 , the output end of the water pump 11 is connected to the first end (a 51 ) of the three-way valve, and the second end (a 52 ) of the three-way valve is connected to the electrical
  • the input end of the driver, the third end (a 53 ) of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the cooler in the front-end cooling module, and the output end of the cooler is also connected to the input end of the electric driver.
  • the fourth end (a 44 ) of the four-way valve is thus connected via the output end of the electric driver.
  • the fourth end (a 24 ) of the five-way valve is connected to the input end of the water pump 12 , the output end of the water pump 12 is connected to the input end of the battery, and the output end of the battery is connected to the second end (a 42 ) of the four-way valve.
  • connection relationship of each component in FIG. 1A is only an exemplary illustration, and the positions of each component located on the same loop can also be exchanged, but is not limited to the connection relationship shown in FIG. 1A .
  • the water pump 11 in FIG. 1A can also be arranged between the kettle 16 and the fourth end a44 of the four-way valve.
  • the internal structure of the thermal management system can be referred to as shown in FIG. 1B , since the water pump 11 is only composed of FIG. 1A
  • One end of the illustrated five-way valve is moved to one end of the four-way valve illustrated in FIG. 1B , so this exchange of positions has no essential effect on the implementation of the solution.
  • the specific implementation process of the solution is described below with the thermal management system shown in FIG. 1A .
  • the cooler is provided in the front-end cooling module, and the front-end cooling module is further provided with a first fan (1), and the fan 1 can realize the heat exchange between the ambient temperature and the cooler based on the ambient air. Therefore, the heat exchange of the cooler may specifically include heating up or cooling down.
  • the temperature of the coolant in winter is lower than the ambient temperature, so the front-end cooling module can heat up the coolant based on the ambient temperature, and the temperature of the coolant in summer is higher than that of the ambient temperature.
  • the temperature is high, so the front-end cooling module can also cool the coolant based on the ambient temperature.
  • the following is an example of the front-end cooling module only cooling.
  • the evaporator and the heater core are arranged in the air-conditioning box of the passenger compartment, and a second fan (2) may also be arranged in the air-conditioning box of the passenger compartment.
  • the fan 2 can directly cool the ambient air (neither cooling nor It is also possible to cool the air environment through the evaporator before blowing out the ambient air, or to heat up the air through the heater core before blowing out the ambient air.
  • the thermal management system may further include a water heater, the input end of the water heater is connected to the output end a 12 of the first heat exchange pipe, and the water heater is connected to the output end a 12 of the first heat exchange pipe. The output end is connected to the input end of the heater core.
  • the water heater is used to heat the coolant flowing through the water heater.
  • a water heater can also be used to heat the coolant output from the first heat exchange pipe, so that the flow of The coolant to the warm air core has a higher temperature, thereby helping to increase the temperature of the warm air blown out to the passenger compartment, thereby enhancing the warming effect of the passenger compartment. If the temperature of the warm air blown from the heater core to the passenger compartment is suitable, the water heater can be turned off directly.
  • the thermal management system may further include at least one throttle valve, such as a first throttle valve (13) and a second throttle valve (14).
  • the input end of the throttle valve 13 and the input end of the throttle valve 14 are respectively connected to the output end a 14 of the second heat exchange pipeline, the output end of the throttle valve 13 is connected to the input end a 31 of the third heat exchange pipeline, and the throttle valve The output end of 14 is connected to the input end of the evaporator.
  • the throttle valve is used to control the flow of the output liquid. When the throttle valve is completely closed, the throttle valve does not output liquid.
  • the thermal management system cannot cool the battery or the electric drive through the refrigerant.
  • the throttle valve 14 is closed, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipe cannot be transferred to the heater core through the throttle valve 14, so the thermal management system cannot pass the cooling agent to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the thermal management system may further include a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is disposed outside the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline, and the input end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the The output end of the second heat exchange pipe is connected.
  • the liquid storage tank is used to store part of the refrigerant liquid in the first refrigerant circuit and/or the second refrigerant circuit.
  • the thermal management system can increase the refrigerant stored in the liquid storage tank to reduce the refrigerant flowing in the first refrigerant circuit and/or the second refrigerant circuit, and reduce the first refrigerant circuit. And/or the cooling capacity of the second refrigerant loop to improve the problem of excessive cooling.
  • the thermal management system can reduce the refrigerant stored in the liquid storage tank, so as to increase the refrigerant flowing in the first refrigerant loop and/or the second refrigerant loop, and improve the first refrigerant loop. and/or the cooling capacity of the second refrigerant loop to achieve further cooling.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor enters the second heat exchange pipe, if the heat exchange capacity of the second heat exchange pipe is insufficient (for example, there is a lot of refrigerant gas, and the exchanged heat cannot be used for all refrigeration If the gas-liquid mixture is directly transferred to the third heat exchange pipeline, it will also affect the third heat exchange.
  • the input end of the liquid storage tank can also be set at the upper end of the tank body, and the output end of the liquid storage tank can be set at the lower part of the middle of the tank body.
  • the liquid storage tank can also filter the refrigerant gas, and output as much refrigerant liquid and as little refrigerant gas as possible to the third heat exchange pipe, so as to improve the heat exchange capacity of the battery cooler .
  • the evaporator when the evaporator has insufficient evaporating capacity for the refrigerant liquid (or the flow rate of the refrigerant liquid is too fast and has not time to evaporate, or the refrigerant gas obtained by evaporation encounters condensation when flowing), the evaporator or The refrigerant gas output from the third heat exchange pipeline may also be doped with part of the refrigerant liquid, which will not only affect the compression effect of the compressor, but may also affect the life of the compressor due to the presence of the refrigerant liquid. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, in an optional implementation, referring to FIG.
  • the thermal management system may further include a gas-liquid separator, and the input ends of the gas-liquid separator are respectively connected to the output ends of the evaporator. and the output end of the third heat exchange pipeline, the output end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the input end of the compressor, and the gas-liquid separator is used for gas-liquid separation of the refrigerant output from the evaporator and/or the third heat exchange pipeline, and The refrigerant gas flows into the compressor, and the refrigerant liquid is stored in the gas-liquid separator.
  • the compressor can receive pure refrigerant gas (purity here means not mixed with refrigerant liquid), and the compression effect of the compressor can be improved as much as possible without affecting the service life of the compressor.
  • the cooling effect of the refrigerant circuit can be adjusted by storing the refrigerant liquid.
  • the thermal management system may be provided with only the gas-liquid separation device or only the liquid storage tank, instead of both. components to reduce the cost of thermal management systems.
  • the refrigerant flowing to the evaporator and the third heat exchange pipeline can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the throttle valve 13 and the throttle valve 14
  • the liquid is as little as possible to ensure that all the refrigerant liquid flowing through is evaporated, so that there is no residual refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant gas output from the evaporator and the third heat exchange pipe.
  • the thermal management system may further include at least one kettle, such as a first kettle (15) and a second kettle (16).
  • the input end of the kettle 15 can be connected to the output end of the heater core, and the output end of the kettle 15 can be connected to the input end of the water pump 10 .
  • the input end of the kettle 16 can be connected to the output end of the electric drive, and the output end of the kettle 16 can be connected to the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve.
  • the kettle is a container with an upper opening. The input end of the kettle is located above the kettle, and the output end of the kettle is located below the kettle.
  • the kettle 15 and the kettle 16 are both arranged in the cooling liquid loop, so the kettle 15 and the kettle 16 can purify the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid loop. The temperature adjustment effect is better.
  • the thermal management system can also Temperature and pressure sensors, such as temperature and pressure sensor P 10 , temperature and pressure sensor P 11 , temperature and pressure sensor P 12 and temperature and pressure sensor P 13 , are provided at key positions.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P10 is disposed at the air outlet of the compressor, and is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant output by the compressor.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P11 is arranged at the air outlet of the third heat exchange pipe, and is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the battery cooler.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 12 is arranged at the water inlet of the electric drive to detect the temperature and pressure of the electric drive.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 13 is arranged at the water inlet of the battery to detect the temperature and pressure of the battery. It should be understood that the key positions indicated above are only illustrative, and the present application does not limit only these key positions.
  • each component in the thermal management system is deployed in the same area as much as possible, which makes the installation position of each component more compact, and there can be a short pipeline between each component. Therefore, it not only helps to reduce the occupied space of the thermal management system, but also reduces the pressure loss of the liquid when the liquid circulates along the pipeline, and improves the cooling efficiency or heating efficiency of the thermal management system.
  • each component in the thermal management system may also be modularly designed in an integrated manner.
  • Modular design refers to the integration of components with similar functions or similar structures (which can also be randomly selected components) to form a module, which not only helps to reduce the occupied space, but also can use modules to complete free combination and improve design flexibility. sex. There are various schemes to achieve modular design, such as:
  • valves in the thermal management system may be integrated in a first integrated unit (referred to as a valve assembly).
  • a valve component is a component that can control the flow of liquids.
  • Each valve member may include at least two of a five-way valve, a three-way valve, a four-way valve, a water pump 10 , a water pump 11 , a water pump 12 , a kettle 15 and a kettle 16 .
  • the following exemplifies the integration of two possible valve assemblies.
  • FIG. 2A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the integration method of a valve assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the integration method includes a five-way valve, a three-way valve, a water pump 10 , a water pump 11 and a water pump 12 is integrated in the first integrated unit.
  • FIG. 2B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the integration method of another valve assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • this integration method combines a five-way valve, a three-way valve, a water pump 10 , and a water pump 11 with a water pump. 12.
  • the four-way valve, the kettle 15 and the kettle 16 are integrated into the valve assembly.
  • the valve assembly in this way has more integrated components than the way in Fig. 3A, so the structure is lighter.
  • various board replacement components in the thermal management system can also be integrated into a second integrated unit (referred to as a board replacement assembly).
  • Plate exchange components refer to components that can perform heat exchange operations.
  • the various board replacement components may include water-cooled condensers and battery coolers, or may also include water heaters or compressors. It is understandable that when the thermal management system includes a liquid storage tank, since the liquid storage tank is directly disposed at one side port of the water-cooled condenser, the liquid storage tank can also be directly integrated into the board replacement assembly.
  • the throttle valve 13 since the throttle valve 13 is disposed on the port side of the battery cooler, the throttle valve 13 can also be directly integrated into the board replacement assembly.
  • some temperature and pressure sensors corresponding to the plate exchange component may also be integrated into the plate exchange assembly.
  • the board change assembly can be integrated as follows.
  • FIG. 3A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of an integration method of a board replacement assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • this integration method integrates a water-cooled condenser and a battery cooler into the board replacement assembly,
  • the liquid storage tank set on the port side of the water-cooled condenser and the throttle valve 13 set on the side port of the battery cooler can also be integrated in the board replacement assembly, and the connecting pipe between the water-cooled condenser and the battery cooler can also be integrated.
  • a temperature and pressure sensor (P x1 ) can also be integrated.
  • FIG. 3B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of another integration method of the board replacement assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • this integration method integrates a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler and a water heater on the board
  • the liquid storage tank set on the port side of the water-cooled condenser and the throttle valve 13 set on the side port of the battery cooler can also be integrated into the board replacement assembly, and the water-cooled condenser and the battery are cooled.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P x1 can also be integrated on the connecting pipe of the device.
  • FIG. 3C exemplarily shows another integration method of the board replacement assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • this integration method integrates a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler, a water heater and a compressor.
  • the liquid storage tank set on the port side of the water-cooled condenser and the throttle valve 13 set on the side port of the battery cooler can also be integrated into the board replacement assembly, and the water-cooled condenser and
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P x1 can also be integrated on the connecting pipe of the battery cooler
  • the temperature and pressure sensor (P x2 ) can also be integrated on the connecting pipe of the water-cooled condenser and the compressor
  • the connecting pipe of the compressor and the battery cooler can also be integrated Temperature and pressure sensor (P x3 ).
  • the plate change assembly can be integrated as follows.
  • FIG. 4A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of another integration method of the board replacement assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • this integration method integrates the water-cooled condenser and the battery cooler into the board replacement assembly.
  • the throttle valve 13 set at one side port of the battery cooler can also be integrated into the board replacement assembly, and the temperature and pressure sensor P x1 can also be integrated on the connecting pipe between the water-cooled condenser and the battery cooler.
  • FIG. 4B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of another integration method of the board replacement assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • this integration method integrates a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler and a water heater on the board
  • the throttle valve 13 set at one side port of the battery cooler can also be integrated into the board replacement assembly
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P x1 can also be integrated on the connecting pipe between the water-cooled condenser and the battery cooler.
  • FIG. 4C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of another integration method of the board replacement assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • this integration method combines a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler, a water heater, and a compressor.
  • the throttle valve 13 set on the side port of the battery cooler can also be integrated in the plate replacement assembly, and the connecting pipes of the water-cooled condenser and the battery cooler can also be The temperature and pressure sensor P x1 is integrated, the temperature and pressure sensor (P x2 ) can also be integrated on the connecting pipeline of the water-cooled condenser and the compressor, and the temperature and pressure sensor (P x3 ) can be integrated on the connecting pipeline of the compressor and the battery cooler.
  • the thermal management system can also integrate each board replacement component into the board replacement assembly, and integrate each valve component into the valve component assembly.
  • the thermal management system includes both the board replacement assembly and the valve component assembly. become.
  • the thermal management system can be integrated according to the combination of any one of the valve assemblies and any one of the above-mentioned plate assemblies, which will not be repeated here.
  • each board replacement component and each valve component in the thermal management system may be integrated into the same component assembly at the same time, and each board replacement component may include a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler , one or more of water heaters, compressors and gas-liquid separators, each valve component may include a five-way valve, a three-way valve, a four-way valve, a water pump 10, a water pump 11, a water pump 12, a kettle 15 and a kettle 16 one or more of the .
  • Fig. 5A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a general integration method corresponding to a liquid storage tank provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application, and Fig.
  • FIG. 5B exemplarily shows a corresponding schematic diagram of a gas-liquid separator provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application when using a gas-liquid separator.
  • each component in the front cabin of the electric vehicle excluding the front-end cooling module
  • it not only helps to reduce the structural complexity of the thermal management system, reduces the occupied space, but also
  • This compact structural arrangement shortens the wiring between the various components, which helps to solve the problems of divergent installation positions and long pipelines of the thermal management system components in the current electric vehicle.
  • the pressure loss of the cooling liquid or refrigerant during the circulating flow becomes smaller, thereby also helping to improve the efficiency of the refrigerant circuit.
  • this integration can be made into modular components, which is also easy to maintain and carry.
  • a first refrigerant loop in which a refrigerant such as Freon is preset.
  • the refrigerant gas in the loop is compressed into high temperature and high pressure refrigerant gas at the compressor, and then returns to the compressor through the second heat exchange pipeline and the third heat exchange pipeline in sequence.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor is subjected to heat-exchange treatment with the first heat-exchange pipe in the second heat-exchange pipe to obtain a low-temperature refrigerant liquid (the corresponding first heat-exchange pipe obtains a high-temperature cooling liquid after heat-exchange) , the low temperature refrigerant liquid then flows into the third heat exchange pipe, and the high temperature refrigerant gas is obtained after heat exchange with the fourth heat exchange pipe in the third heat exchange pipe (the corresponding fourth heat exchange pipe after heat exchange obtain low temperature coolant).
  • the second refrigerant loop which is also preset with refrigerant, and the refrigerant in this loop is shared with the refrigerant in the first refrigerant loop, assuming that the storage refrigerant is not considered , then when more refrigerant is distributed to the first refrigerant circuit, less refrigerant is distributed to the second refrigerant circuit.
  • the refrigerant in the loop is compressed into high temperature and high pressure refrigerant gas at the compressor, and then returns to the compressor after the second heat exchange pipe and the evaporator in sequence.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor is subjected to heat-exchange treatment with the first heat-exchange pipe in the second heat-exchange pipe to obtain a low-temperature refrigerant liquid (the corresponding first heat-exchange pipe obtains a high-temperature cooling liquid after heat-exchange) , the low-temperature refrigerant liquid then flows into the evaporator for evaporation and heat absorption.
  • the passenger cabin air conditioner turns on the cooling mode, the passenger cabin air conditioner will first cool the surrounding ambient air based on the evaporation heat absorption of the evaporator, and then cool down the air.
  • the ambient air is blown into the passenger compartment, and the evaporator will exchange heat to obtain high-temperature refrigerant gas, which will then flow back to the compressor.
  • the second refrigerant loop can be used to cool the passenger compartment with refrigerant.
  • a first cooling liquid loop in which a cooling liquid, such as a mixed liquid of water and ethanol, is preset.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven by the water pump 12, and passes through the battery, the second end a 42 of the four-way valve, the first end a 41 of the four-way valve, the fourth heat exchange pipe, and the fifth end of the five-way valve.
  • the end a 25 and the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve are then returned to the water pump 12 .
  • the fourth heat exchange pipe can exchange heat to obtain low-temperature cooling liquid, and the low-temperature cooling liquid circulates in the first cooling liquid loop, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the fourth heat exchange pipe cannot perform heat exchange operation, so the normal temperature cooling liquid circulates in the first cooling liquid loop.
  • a second coolant loop in which coolant is preset.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven by the water pump 12, and passes through the battery, the second end a 42 of the four-way valve, the first end a 41 of the four-way valve, the fourth heat exchange pipe, and the fifth end of the five-way valve.
  • End a 25 , the second end a 22 of the five-way valve, the water pump 11 , the first end a 51 of the three-way valve, the second end a 52 of the three-way valve, the electric drive, the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve , the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, the first end a 21 of the five-way valve, and the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve return to the water pump 12 .
  • the fourth heat exchange pipe can exchange heat to obtain low-temperature cooling liquid, and the low-temperature cooling liquid circulates in the second cooling liquid loop, thereby cooling the battery and the electric drive.
  • the fourth heat exchange pipe cannot perform heat exchange operation, so the normal temperature cooling liquid circulates in the first cooling liquid loop.
  • a third coolant loop in which coolant is preset.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven by the water pump 12, and passes through the battery, the second end a 42 of the four-way valve, the first end a 41 of the four-way valve, the fourth heat exchange pipe, and the fifth end of the five-way valve.
  • the end a 44 , the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, the first end a 21 of the five-way valve, and the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve are returned to the water pump 12 .
  • the third coolant loop is very similar to the second coolant loop, except that the coolant in the second coolant loop flows through the three-way valve and is directly transmitted to the electric drive, while the coolant in the third coolant loop After the liquid flows through the three-way valve, it must continue to be cooled by the front-end cooling module before being transmitted to the electric drive. Therefore, regardless of whether the first refrigerant loop is turned on or not, the third coolant loop can simultaneously cool down the battery and the electric drive. drive. Only when the first refrigerant loop is turned on, the cooling liquid in the third cooling liquid loop first conducts heat exchange and cooling through the fourth heat exchange pipeline, and then conducts secondary cooling through the front-end cooling module. Better results. When the first refrigerant loop is closed, the cooling liquid in the third cooling liquid loop is only cooled by the front-end cooling module, so the battery and the electric drive are actually cooled naturally based on the ambient temperature.
  • the second cooling liquid loop and the third cooling liquid loop can also form the same cooling liquid loop, as long as the cooling liquid flowing into the a 51 end of the three-way valve is simultaneously discharged from the a 52 end of the three-way valve and the three-way valve.
  • the a 52 end of the through valve can flow out.
  • a fourth coolant loop in which coolant is preset.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven to run by the water pump 11, and in turn passes through the first end a 51 of the three-way valve, the third end a 53 of the three-way valve, the cooler, the electric driver, and the fourth end of the four-way valve.
  • a 44 the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, the first end a 21 of the five-way valve, and the second end a 22 of the five-way valve return to the water pump 11 .
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is cooled by the front-end cooling module and then flows to the electric drive, thereby cooling the electric drive naturally.
  • a part of the coolant output by the water pump 11 can also be transmitted to the electric drive through the three-way valve, and the other part is transmitted to the electric drive through the three-way valve and the cooler.
  • the coolant temperature rises from the coolant confluence, which helps to moderate the cooling effect on the electric drive.
  • the fifth coolant loop the coolant is preset in the loop.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven to run by the water pump 11, and sequentially passes through the first end a 51 of the three-way valve, the second end a 52 of the three-way valve (or another branch can also pass through the cooler), the electric drive
  • the device, the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve, the first end a 41 of the four-way valve, the fourth heat exchange pipeline, the fifth end a 25 of the five-way valve, and the second end a 22 of the five-way valve return to water pump 11.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is first cooled through the front-end cooling module, and then cooled for the second time through the fourth heat exchange pipe, so that it can pass through the refrigerant (or together with the front-end) Cool down the electric drive.
  • the cooling liquid in this loop is only cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • the electric drive can also be cooled naturally, this cooling needs to go through more than the fourth cooling liquid loop. Therefore, the loss is larger than that of the fourth coolant loop, and the cooling effect is not as good as that of the fourth coolant loop.
  • the sixth coolant loop the coolant is preset in the loop.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven by the water pump 10, and passes through the third end a 23 of the five-way valve, the second end a 22 of the five-way valve, the water pump 11, the first end a 51 of the three-way valve, and the third end a 23 of the five-way valve.
  • the third end a 53 of the through valve, the cooler, the electric driver, the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve, the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, the first heat exchange pipe, and the heater core return to the water pump 10.
  • the coolant in the sixth coolant loop can be cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • the second refrigerant loop (cooling through the refrigerant) serves as the main cooling loop for cooling the passenger compartment
  • the sixth cooling liquid loop (cooling through the cooling liquid) serves as the cooling occupant
  • the auxiliary cooling loop of the cabin, the two jointly cool the crew cabin, and can also naturally cool the electric drive through the coolant.
  • the sixth coolant loop naturally cools the passenger compartment and electric drive through the coolant.
  • the seventh coolant loop in which coolant is preset.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven by the water pump 10, and flows back to the water pump through the third end a 23 of the five-way valve, the first end a 21 of the five-way valve, the first heat exchange pipe, and the heater core in sequence. 10.
  • the first heat exchange pipe can exchange heat to obtain a high-temperature cooling liquid, and the high-temperature cooling liquid is transmitted to the heater core, so that the air conditioner of the passenger compartment in the heating mode can be used first. Use the heater core to heat up the air and blow out warm air.
  • the low-temperature refrigerant obtained by heat exchange in the second heat exchange pipe is evaporated and absorbed by the evaporator, and the first heat exchange pipe can exchange heat
  • the high-temperature coolant passes through the heater core.
  • the eighth coolant loop in which coolant is preset.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven to run by the water pump 12, and in turn passes through the battery, the second end a 42 of the four-way valve, the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, the first heat exchange pipe, the heater core, and the water pump 10.
  • the third end a 23 of the five-way valve and the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve flow back to the water pump 12 .
  • the first refrigerant loop is turned on, the first heat exchange pipe can exchange heat to obtain a high-temperature cooling liquid, and the high-temperature cooling liquid is transmitted to the heater core.
  • Fan 2 can blow ambient air directly to the passenger compartment without first going through the heater core.
  • the high-temperature coolant flows to the battery via the water pump 10 and the water pump 12, thereby heating the battery alone.
  • the fan 2 can first use the heater core to heat the air and then blow the heated air into the passenger compartment. If the heat is not consumed a lot in this process, the coolant of the remaining heat will still be used. Flow to the battery via water pump 10 and water pump 12, thereby simultaneously warming the passenger compartment and the battery. However, in this case, the remaining coolant is used to heat up the battery after the passenger compartment is heated, so the heating effect of the battery may not be very good.
  • the ninth coolant loop the coolant is preset in the loop.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven to run by the water pump 12, and flows to the battery, the second end a 42 of the four-way valve, the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, the first heat exchange pipe, and the heater core in sequence.
  • one branch flows back to the water pump 12 through the five-way valve, and the other branch flows into the first heat exchange pipeline through the five-way valve in turn.
  • the fan 2 can use the warm air core to heat the air and then blow the heated air into the passenger compartment. A portion of the coolant will continue to warm the battery.
  • the tenth coolant loop in which coolant is preset.
  • the cooling liquid in the loop is driven by the water pump 12, and passes through the battery, the second end a 42 of the four-way valve, the first end a 41 of the four-way valve, the fourth heat exchange pipe, the five-way valve, the warm air
  • the core body flows to the water pump 10, then one branch flows back to the water pump 12 through the five-way valve, and the other branch flows to the first heat exchange pipe through the five-way valve, participating in the entire cycle.
  • the tenth coolant loop also performs the function of warming the battery and the passenger compartment at the same time.
  • a controller may also be provided in the electric vehicle, and the control end of each valve element, the control end of each water pump, and the output end of each temperature and pressure sensor in the thermal management system may also be connected to the controller.
  • the controller can not only realize different temperature modes by controlling each valve and each water pump, but also obtain the temperature and pressure at each key position from the output end of each temperature and pressure sensor during the control process. Temperature and pressure determine whether the current temperature and pressure meet the requirements of the current temperature mode. If not, real-time adjustment can be performed to adjust the temperature and pressure to the current temperature mode as much as possible.
  • M10 a mode in which the passenger compartment and battery are cooled at the same time.
  • Fig. 6A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are simultaneously cooled.
  • the controller in the M10 mode, can communicate with the second end a 22 of the five-way valve and the third end a 23 of the five-way valve, communicate with the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve and the fifth end a 25 of the five-way valve, communicate with the first end a 41 of the four-way valve and the second end of the four-way valve a 42 , connect the third end a 43 of the four-way valve with the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve, connect the first end a 51 of the three-way valve with the third end a 53 of the three-way valve, and open the throttle valve 13 and the throttle valve 14, start the water pump 10, the water pump 11 and the water pump 12.
  • the first refrigerant circuit, the second refrigerant circuit, the first coolant circuit, and the sixth coolant circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and a branch of the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid (ie, the second refrigerant loop) is transmitted to the evaporator for evaporation.
  • the air conditioner of the passenger compartment can be set to the full cooling mode, so that the air conditioner of the passenger compartment will first use the evaporator to cool down the air before blowing it into the passenger compartment.
  • Another branch of the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid cools the cooling liquid in the fourth heat-exchange pipe on the third heat-exchange pipe to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure cooling liquid.
  • the liquid (circulating in the first cooling liquid loop) flows to the battery through the five-way valve and the water pump 12 in sequence, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 10 (circulating in the sixth cooling liquid loop) is also naturally cooled by the front-end cooling module to cool the electric drive, and then transferred to the heater core. In the mode, the water heater is not activated, so the coolant flowing through the heater core only flows through the air conditioning box as a bypass, and will not have a great impact on the temperature of the cab.
  • the controller may also acquire the temperature of the air outlet of the air conditioning box of the passenger compartment and the data of the battery water inlet collected by the temperature and pressure sensor P13 in real time or periodically, so as to determine the temperature of the passenger compartment and the temperature of the battery .
  • the controller can adjust the opening of the throttle valve 13 and the throttle valve 14 to change the amount of refrigerant on the two refrigerant loops to adjust the occupant. Chamber temperature and battery temperature.
  • the controller can increase the opening of the throttle valve 14 to Make more refrigerant liquid flow through the evaporator (achieved by automatically changing the amount of refrigerant liquid stored in the liquid storage tank or gas-liquid separation device), improve the cooling effect of the evaporator, and increase the cooling effect on the passenger compartment .
  • the controller can increase the opening of the throttle valve 13 to make more refrigerant liquid flow through the third heat exchange pipe and reduce the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe temperature to increase the cooling effect on the battery.
  • the requirements for the battery temperature may be preferentially satisfied.
  • the requirements for the battery temperature may be preferentially satisfied. For example, when there is no refrigerant liquid in the current liquid storage tank or gas-liquid separation device, all the refrigerant flows in these two refrigerant circuits. In this case, if the temperature of the passenger compartment is detected to exceed 28 degrees and the battery temperature exceeds 30 degrees, the opening degree of the throttle valve 13 can be increased and the opening degree of the throttle valve 14 can be decreased to ensure that the battery will not overheat and ensure the safety of the electric vehicle and the user.
  • the applicable scenario of the M10 mode is, for example, the user drives an electric vehicle in summer.
  • the temperature of the passenger compartment and the battery may be very high. Overheating of the battery may cause accidents such as battery explosion, affecting the physical and mental safety of users. Overheating of the passenger compartment can degrade the user experience, for example, if the user is in an overheated environment for a long time, the user may suffer from heat stroke. Therefore, by adjusting the thermal management system to the communication relationship satisfied by the M10 mode in the above-mentioned manner, the passenger compartment and the battery can be cooled at the same time, so as to improve the user's experience as much as possible while ensuring safety.
  • M11 a model with separate cooling for the passenger compartment.
  • Fig. 6B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of individual cooling of the passenger compartment.
  • the controller in the M11 mode, can communicate the second end a 22 of the five-way valve with the fifth end a 22 of the five-way valve.
  • the third end a 23 of the through valve communicates with the third end a 43 of the four-way valve and the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve, and communicates between the first end a 51 of the three-way valve and the third end a 53 of the three-way valve , open the throttle valve 14, close the throttle valve 13 (the battery cooler is in sleep mode by default, when the throttle valve 13 is closed, no refrigerant flows through the battery cooler, so the battery cooler does not work), and start the water pump 10 and water pump 11. In this case, the second refrigerant circuit and the sixth coolant circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid is transmitted to the evaporator through the second refrigerant loop to cool down the cabin.
  • the air conditioner in the cabin is set to full cooling mode.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 10 flows to the front-end cooling module through the sixth cooling liquid loop for natural cooling, and then cools the electric driver, and then transmits it to the heater core.
  • the air conditioner of the passenger compartment is set to the full cooling mode, the water heater is not activated, so the coolant flowing through the heater core only flows through the air conditioner box as a bypass, and will not have a great impact on the temperature of the cab.
  • the controller may also acquire the temperature of the air outlet of the air conditioner box of the passenger compartment in real time or periodically to determine the temperature of the passenger compartment.
  • the controller can increase the opening of the throttle valve 14 and increase the rotational speed of the compressor. In this way, the compressor will compress the refrigerant gas with higher pressure and higher temperature. After the refrigerant gas passes through the water-cooled condenser, more refrigerant liquid will be obtained, and then more refrigerant liquid will enter the evaporator after passing through the throttle valve 14 with a larger opening, thereby helping to increase the efficiency of the evaporator. The cooling effect of the passenger compartment.
  • the controller can adjust the opening of the throttle valve 14 and the speed of the compressor to reduce the cooling effect on the passenger compartment and avoid discomfort to the user. It should be understood that in the M11 mode, only the passenger compartment needs to be refrigerated and no refrigeration battery is required, so the amount of refrigerant flowing in the second refrigerant loop only needs to meet the cooling requirement of the passenger compartment, and there is no need to set too much to avoid waste.
  • the applicable scenario of the M11 mode is, for example, that the user often needs to lower the temperature of the passenger compartment before entering the passenger compartment to drive the electric vehicle in summer.
  • the temperature of the passenger compartment is high, but the temperature of the battery is not high because the battery has not been activated. Therefore, by adjusting the thermal management system to the connection relationship satisfied by the M11 mode according to the above method, the passenger compartment can be independently cooled. This method can also help save power and improve the battery life of the electric vehicle while meeting the needs of users. .
  • FIG. 6C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of cooling the battery alone.
  • the controller in the M12 mode, can communicate the second end a 22 of the five-way valve with the five-way valve.
  • the third end a 23 of the valve communicates with the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve and the fifth end a 25 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the first end a 41 of the four-way valve and the second end a 42 of the four-way valve,
  • the third end a 43 of the four-way valve is communicated with the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve
  • the first end a 51 of the three-way valve is communicated with the third end a 53 of the three-way valve
  • the throttle valve 13 is opened, and the throttle valve is closed.
  • flow valve 14 (so that the evaporator does not operate), and the water pump 10, water pump 11 and water pump 12 are activated.
  • the first refrigerant circuit, the first coolant circuit, and the sixth coolant circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the first refrigerant loop in the third heat exchange pipeline for the fourth exchange.
  • the cooling liquid in the hot pipe is cooled to obtain low temperature and low pressure cooling liquid, which circulates on the first cooling liquid loop, and is transmitted to the battery through the five-way valve and the water pump 10, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 10 flows to the front-end cooling module through the sixth cooling liquid loop for natural cooling, and then cools the electric driver, and then transmits it to the heater core.
  • the air conditioner in the passenger compartment is not turned on and the water heater is not turned on, the coolant flowing through the heater core only flows through the air conditioner box as a bypass, and will not have a great impact on the temperature of the cab.
  • the controller may also acquire the temperature of the battery water inlet in real time or periodically to determine the battery temperature.
  • the controller can increase the opening of the throttle valve 13 and increase the rotational speed of the compressor. In this way, the compressor will compress the refrigerant gas with higher pressure and higher temperature.
  • the refrigerant gas passes through the water-cooled condenser, more refrigerant liquid will be obtained, and then more refrigerant liquid will enter the battery cooler after passing through the throttle valve 13 with a larger opening, thereby helping to increase the third displacement.
  • the cooling effect of the heat pipe on the cooling water in the fourth heat exchange pipe further increases the cooling effect on the battery.
  • the controller can adjust the opening of the throttle valve 13 and the speed of the compressor to reduce the cooling effect on the battery and avoid discomfort to the user. It should be understood that in the M12 mode, since only the cooling battery is required and the passenger compartment is not required, the amount of refrigerant flowing in the first refrigerant loop only needs to meet the cooling demand of the battery, and there is no need to set too much to avoid waste. .
  • the applicable scenario of the M12 mode is, for example, the user drives an electric vehicle in the spring and autumn seasons.
  • the temperature of the passenger compartment is relatively suitable, but the temperature of the battery may be high because the battery is always supplying power. Therefore, by adjusting the thermal management system to the connection relationship satisfied by the M12 mode in the above manner, the battery can be cooled independently, which helps to avoid overheating of the battery and ensures the safety of the user.
  • Fig. 6D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of battery cooling and passenger compartment heating.
  • the controller in the M13 mode, can communicate with the first end a 21 of the five-way valve and the third end a 23 of the five-way valve, communicate with the second end a 22 of the five-way valve and the third end a 23 of the five-way valve, communicate with the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve and the fifth end of the five-way valve a 25 , communicates with the first end a 41 of the four-way valve and the second end a 42 of the four-way valve, communicates with the third end a 43 of the four-way valve and the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve, communicates with the three-way valve
  • the first end a 51 and the third end a 52 of the three-way valve open the throttle valve 13, close the throttle valve 14 (thus the evaporator does not work), start the water heater, and start the water pump 10,
  • the first refrigerant circuit, the first coolant circuit, the sixth coolant circuit, and the seventh coolant circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid (the sixth cooling liquid loop and the seventh cooling liquid loop together enter the second heat exchange pipeline for cooling.
  • the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipe in the first refrigerant loop to cool the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe to obtain low temperature and low pressure cooling liquid.
  • the low temperature and low pressure cooling liquid The circulating flow is transmitted to the battery on the first cooling liquid loop, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the coolant output from the water pump 10 is transmitted to the water heater via the seventh coolant loop on a branch, and after being heated by the water heater, the high-temperature coolant is transmitted to the heater core.
  • the air conditioner first heats the air through the heater core and then blows out the warm air.
  • the cooling liquid output by the water pump 10 cools the electric drive through the sixth cooling liquid loop on the other branch.
  • the controller may also acquire the temperature of the water inlet of the electric drive collected by the temperature and pressure sensor P12 in real time to determine the temperature of the electric drive, and when the temperature of the electric drive is higher than the expected temperature of the electric drive, make the three
  • the first end a 51 of the through valve is respectively connected to the second end a 52 of the three-way valve and the third end a 53 of the three-way valve, so that the cooling liquid in the sixth cooling liquid loop is divided into two parts at the three-way valve
  • One branch flows directly to the electric drive, and the other flows to the electric drive after being cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • the cooling capacity of the electric drive is improved.
  • the controller may also acquire the temperature of the air outlet of the passenger compartment in real time or periodically to determine the temperature of the passenger compartment.
  • the controller can allocate more power to the water heater to improve the heating effect of the water heater and promote the temperature of the passenger compartment.
  • the controller can allocate a smaller power to the water heater to reduce the heating effect of the water heater and avoid the temperature of the passenger compartment from being too high.
  • the controller can also adjust the opening of the throttle valve 13 and the rotational speed of the compressor to make the temperature of the battery inlet water reach the expected level. For the specific adjustment method, refer to the above content, which will not be repeated here.
  • the applicable scenario of the M13 mode is, for example, the user drives an electric vehicle to move quickly in winter, or drives the electric vehicle to go uphill.
  • the temperature of the passenger compartment is lower due to the influence of the external environment, but moving quickly or going uphill will consume more power, resulting in a higher battery temperature. Therefore, by adjusting the thermal management system to the connection relationship satisfied by the M13 mode in the above-mentioned manner, the battery can be cooled while heating the passenger compartment, which not only helps to improve the user's comfort, but also prevents the battery from overheating and ensures the user's safety. Safety.
  • FIG. 6E exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of natural battery cooling.
  • the controller in the M14 mode, can communicate the first end a 21 of the five-way valve with the five-way valve.
  • the fourth end a 24 of the valve communicates with the second end a 22 of the five-way valve and the fifth end a 25 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the first end a 41 of the four-way valve and the second end a 42 of the four-way valve,
  • the third end a 43 of the four-way valve is communicated with the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve
  • the first end a 51 of the three-way valve is communicated with the third end a 53 of the three-way valve
  • the throttle valve 13 and the throttle valve are closed.
  • Flow valve 14 (so that the evaporator and battery cooler are not operating), the water heater is turned off, and the water pumps 11 and 12 are activated.
  • the third coolant circuit is turned on.
  • the cooling liquid in the third cooling liquid loop first flows to the front-end cooling module to be cooled by the temperature in the natural environment, and then flows to the electric drive and the battery in turn to cool the electric drive and the battery.
  • the applicable scene of the M14 mode is, for example, charging an electric vehicle.
  • this kind of heat is a safety phenomenon stipulated by the factory settings. Therefore, by adjusting the thermal management system to the connection relationship satisfied by the M14 mode in the above manner, only the front-end cooling module can be used to cool the battery naturally, without the need to start the compressor to forcefully cool the battery, thereby saving more power.
  • Fig. 6F exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the motor natural cooling mode.
  • the controller in the M15 mode, can communicate the first end a 21 of the five-way valve with the five-way valve
  • the second end a 22 of the valve communicates with the third end a 43 of the four-way valve and the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve, and communicates with the first end a 51 of the three-way valve and the third end a 53 of the three-way valve
  • Throttle valve 13 and throttle valve 14 are closed (thus the evaporator and battery cooler do not work)
  • the water heater is turned off, and the water pump 11 is started.
  • the fourth coolant loop is turned on.
  • the cooling liquid in the fourth cooling liquid loop first flows to the front-end cooling module to be cooled by the temperature in the natural environment, and then flows to the electric drive to cool the electric drive.
  • the applicable scene of the M15 mode is, for example, braking while driving an electric vehicle.
  • the braking may cause the electric drive to generate heat, and this heat will end in a short time, and no strong cooling is required. Therefore, by adjusting the thermal management system to the connection relationship satisfied by the M15 mode in the above-mentioned manner, only the front-end cooling module can be used to cool the electric drive naturally, without the need to start the compressor to forcefully cool the electric drive, thereby saving more power. .
  • Fig. 6G exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are heated at the same time.
  • the controller in the M16 mode, can communicate with the first end a of the five-way valve 21 and the third end a 23 of the five-way valve, communicate with the second end a 22 of the five-way valve and the fifth end a 25 of the five-way valve, and communicate with the third end a 23 of the five-way valve and the fourth end of the five-way valve.
  • the end a 24 communicates with the first end a 41 of the four-way valve and the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve, communicates with the second end a 42 of the four-way valve and the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, and communicates with the three-way valve
  • the first end a 51 of the three-way valve and the second end a 52 of the three-way valve open the throttle valve 13, close the throttle valve 14 (thus the evaporator does not work), turn on the water heater, and start the water pump 10, water pump 11 and water pump 12.
  • the first refrigerant circuit, the fifth coolant circuit, and the ninth coolant circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipeline and the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipeline.
  • the heat exchange operation then flows back to the compressor.
  • the air conditioner of the passenger compartment turns on the full heat mode, and the coolant heated by the water heater is transmitted to the heater core, thereby heating the passenger compartment, and then flows into the water pump 10 .
  • the cooling liquid flowing out of the water pump 10 passes through the five-way valve, one branch passes through the water pump 12 to heat the battery, and then passes through the four-way valve and merges with the other branch into the first heat exchange pipe.
  • the flow distribution of the cooling liquid in the two branches depends on Whether the cooling fluid flow in the branch where the battery is located meets the heating requirement of the battery, if not, the controller increases the cooling fluid flow allocated to the branch where the battery is located.
  • the low-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the fourth heat exchange pipe can directly cool the electric drive through the fifth cooling liquid loop. If the cooling effect is too high, the controller can also open the third end a 53 of the three-way valve at the same time to pass the cooling effect.
  • the front-end branch absorbs part of the heat in the environment, and reduces the cooling effect after entering the fifth coolant loop. When both branches of the three-way valve are open, the flow distribution of the coolant in the two branches can also be automatically adjusted according to whether the temperature of the electric drive inlet can meet the cooling demand of the motor.
  • the applicable scenario of the M16 mode is, for example, the user sits in the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle in winter, but does not drive the electric vehicle.
  • the temperature of the passenger compartment and the battery is low due to the influence of the external environment. This low temperature not only makes the user experience bad, but also may consume more power due to the long-term low temperature of the battery, reducing the battery life of the electric vehicle. Therefore, by adjusting the thermal management system to the connection relationship satisfied by the M16 mode in the above-mentioned manner, the battery can be heated while the passenger compartment is heated, which is beneficial to protect the battery power and improve the user experience at the same time.
  • Fig. 6H exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the battery and dehumidifying the passenger compartment.
  • the controller in the M17 mode, can communicate with the first end a 21 of the five-way valve Connects with the third end a 23 of the five-way valve, communicates with the second end a 22 of the five-way valve and the fifth end a 25 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the third end a 23 of the five-way valve and the fourth end of the five-way valve a 24 , communicates the first end a 41 of the four-way valve with the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve, communicates with the second end a 42 of the four-way valve and the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, communicates with the third end a 43 of the three-way valve
  • the first end a 51 and the second end a 52 of the three-way valve open the throttle valve 13 and the throttle valve 14 , turn on the water heater
  • the first refrigerant circuit, the second refrigerant circuit, the fifth cooling liquid circuit, and the ninth cooling liquid circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output from the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and part of the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid is transferred to the evaporator for cooling, and the other part passes through the third heat exchange pipeline and is connected to the evaporator.
  • the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe performs heat exchange operation and then flows back to the compressor.
  • the cooling liquid heated by the water heater is transmitted to the heater core.
  • the power of the water heater can be controlled by the controller according to whether the air temperature of the air conditioner is discharged meet the requirements to control.
  • the air conditioner of the passenger compartment turns on the dehumidification mode, and the air intake of the passenger compartment first goes through the cooling and dehumidification process of the evaporator and then the heating process through the heater core, and then flows into the water pump 10 . After the cooling liquid flowing out of the water pump 10 passes through the five-way valve, one branch is heated by the water pump 12 for the battery, and then merges with the other branch through the four-way valve and merges into the first heat exchange pipe.
  • the flow distribution of the cooling liquid in these two branches depends on Whether the cooling liquid flow in the branch where the battery is located meets the heating requirement of the battery, if not, the controller increases the cooling liquid flow allocated to the branch where the battery is located.
  • the low-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the fourth heat exchange pipe can directly cool the electric drive through the fifth cooling liquid loop. If the cooling effect is too high, the controller can also open the third end a 53 of the three-way valve at the same time to pass the cooling effect.
  • the front-end branch absorbs part of the heat in the environment, and reduces the cooling effect after entering the fifth coolant loop.
  • both branches of the three-way valve are open, the flow distribution of the coolant in the two branches can also be automatically adjusted according to whether the temperature of the electric drive inlet can meet the cooling demand of the motor.
  • the applicable scenario of the M17 mode is, for example, the user sits in the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle in wet winter, but does not drive the electric vehicle.
  • the temperature of the battery is lower due to the influence of the external environment, and the humidity of the passenger compartment is higher due to the influence of the external environment. Therefore, by adjusting the thermal management system to the communication relationship satisfied by the M17 mode in the above-mentioned manner, it is possible to dehumidify the passenger compartment while heating the battery, which not only helps to protect the battery power, but also improves the user experience.
  • Fig. 6I exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the passenger compartment alone.
  • the controller in the M18 mode, can communicate the first end a 21 of the five-way valve with the The third end a 23 of the five-way valve communicates with the second end a 22 of the five-way valve and the fifth end a 25 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the first end a 41 of the four-way valve and the fourth end a of the four-way valve 44 , connect the first end a 51 of the three-way valve with the second end a 52 of the three-way valve, open the throttle valve 13, close the throttle valve 14 (the evaporator does not work), turn on the water heater, and start the water pump 10 and water pump 11.
  • the first refrigerant circuit, the fifth cooling liquid circuit, and the seventh cooling liquid circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipeline and the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipeline.
  • the heat exchange operation then flows back to the compressor.
  • the air conditioner of the passenger compartment is turned on to the full heat mode, and the coolant flowing out of the water pump 10 is transmitted to the heater core through the coolant heated by the water heater, thereby heating the passenger compartment, and then flows back to the water pump 10 .
  • the controller can control the power of the water heater according to the air outlet temperature of the passenger compartment air conditioner, so as to change the heating effect of the passenger compartment.
  • the low-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the fourth heat exchange pipe can directly cool the electric drive through the fifth cooling liquid loop.
  • the applicable scenario of the M18 mode is, for example, the user sits in the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle in winter, but the external ambient temperature is still within the range that the battery can bear.
  • the thermal management system By adjusting the thermal management system to the communication relationship satisfied by the M18 mode in the manner described above, the passenger compartment can be heated independently.
  • FIG. 6J exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the battery alone.
  • the controller can communicate the second end a 22 of the five-way valve with the five-way valve.
  • the third end a 25 of the one-way valve communicates with the third end a 23 of the five-way valve and the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the first end a 41 of the four-way valve and the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve , connect the second end a 42 of the four-way valve with the third end a 43 of the four-way valve, connect the first end a 51 of the three-way valve and the second end a 52 of the three-way valve, open the throttle valve 13, close the Shut off the throttle valve 14 (thus the evaporator does not work), turn on the water heater, and start the water pump 10, the water pump 11 and the water pump 12.
  • the first refrigerant circuit, the fifth coolant circuit, and the eighth coolant circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipeline and the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipeline.
  • the heat exchange operation then flows back to the compressor.
  • the air conditioner of the passenger compartment is not turned on, so the coolant heated by the water heater only flows through the heater core as a bypass and is transmitted to the water pump 10, and the water pump 10 heats the battery through the five-way valve.
  • the controller can control the power of the water heater according to the temperature of the water inlet of the battery to change the heating effect of the battery.
  • the low-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the fourth heat exchange pipe can directly cool the electric drive through the fifth cooling liquid loop. If the cooling effect is too high, the controller can also open the third end a 53 of the three-way valve at the same time to pass the cooling effect.
  • the front-end branch absorbs part of the heat in the environment, and reduces the cooling effect after entering the fifth coolant loop. When both branches of the three-way valve are open, the flow distribution of the coolant in the two branches can also be automatically adjusted according to whether the temperature of the electric drive inlet can meet the cooling demand of the motor.
  • the applicable scenario of the M19 mode is, for example, the temperature of the battery is low due to the influence of the external environment in winter, but the user himself is not cold or the user is not in the car.
  • the thermal management system can be adjusted to the connection relationship satisfied by the M19 mode according to the above method, so as to realize the function of heating only the battery.
  • Fig. 6K exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the motor natural cooling mode.
  • the controller in the M20 mode, can communicate the second end a 22 of the five-way valve with the five-way valve
  • the third end a 23 of the valve communicates with the fourth end a 24 of the five-way valve and the fifth end a 25 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the first end a 41 of the four-way valve and the second end a 42 of the four-way valve,
  • Connect the third end a 43 of the four-way valve with the fourth end a 44 of the four-way valve connect the first end a 51 of the three-way valve with the second end a 52 of the three-way valve, open the throttle valve 13 and throttle Valve 14, turns on the water heater, and starts water pump 10, water pump 11, and water pump 12.
  • the first refrigerant circuit, the second refrigerant circuit, the fifth cooling liquid circuit, and the eighth cooling liquid circuit are conducted.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and then flows back to the compressor through the evaporator and the third heat exchange pipeline respectively.
  • the controller can control the refrigerant flow on the two refrigerant loops by controlling the opening degrees of the throttle valve 13 and the throttle valve 14 respectively, so as to adjust the cooling effect of the cabin and the battery respectively.
  • the controller takes priority to ensure that the inlet temperature of the battery meets the expected requirements.
  • the cabin air conditioner turns on the dehumidification mode, that is, the evaporator is used for cooling and dehumidification, and then the cooling liquid heated by the water heater is heated, so that the dehumidified cooling liquid flows in each cooling liquid loop.
  • the controller can also change the heating effect by controlling the power of the water heater.
  • the dehumidified coolant cools the electric drive after passing through the five-way valve and the three-way valve, and then enters the circulation of the water heater through one branch of the four-way valve, and the other branch enters the fourth heat exchange pipe for cooling.
  • the M20 mode may be periodically executed according to a preset cycle, so as to maintain a dry environment in the entire electric vehicle and improve the user experience.
  • the thermal management system may also implement other modes other than the above-mentioned modes, such as a mode in which the motor independently cools, a mode in which the motor independently heats, and the like.
  • the same mode can actually be implemented by various different loops, and is not limited to only the one introduced above, which will not be introduced one by one in this application.
  • the thermal management system in the first embodiment can realize free switching between various cooling modes and various heating modes, including but not limited to the above-mentioned M10 to M20, and this method can realize a variety of different modes with fewer components. It can not only meet the different needs of users, but also improve the flexibility of mode switching and expand the scope of application of the thermal management system.
  • FIG. 7A exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • the thermal management system may include a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler, a nine-way valve, Water pump 21, water pump 22 and water pump 23.
  • the water-cooled condenser may include a first heat exchange pipe and a second heat exchange pipe
  • the battery cooler may include a third heat exchange pipe and a fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the input end (b 11 ) of the first heat exchange pipe is connected to the first end (b 21 ) of the nine-way valve, and the output end (b 12 ) of the first heat exchange pipe is connected to the input of the heater core in the air conditioning box of the passenger compartment
  • the output end of the heater core is connected to the input end of the water pump 20, and the output end of the water pump 20 is connected to the fourth end (b 24 ) of the nine-way valve.
  • the input end (b 13 ) of the second heat exchange pipe is connected to the output end of the compressor, and the output end (b 14 ) of the second heat exchange pipe is divided into two branches, one branch is connected to the input end of the third heat exchange pipe (b 31 ), and then the output end (b 32 ) of the third heat exchange pipeline is connected to the input end of the compressor, and another branch is connected to the input end of the evaporator in the air-conditioning box of the passenger compartment, and then the output end of the evaporator is connected by The terminal is connected to the input terminal of the compressor.
  • the input end (b 33 ) of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the third end (b 23 ) of the nine-way valve, and the output end (b 24 ) of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second end (b 22 ) of the nine-way valve.
  • the sixth end (b 26 ) of the nine-way valve is connected to the input end of the battery, the output end of the battery is connected to the input end of the water pump 21 , and the output end of the water pump 21 is connected to the fifth end (b 25 ) of the nine-way valve.
  • the ninth end (b 29 ) of the nine-way valve is connected to the input end of the cooler in the front-end cooling module, the output end of the cooler and the eighth end (b 28 ) of the nine-way valve are respectively connected to the input end of the electric driver, and the electric The output end of the driver is connected to the input end of the water pump 22, and the output end of the water pump 22 is connected to the fifth end (b 25 ) of the nine-way valve.
  • the positions of various components on the same loop can also be exchanged.
  • the water pump 21 can also be arranged between the battery and the sixth end b 62 of the nine-way valve.
  • the thermal management system shown in FIG. 7A since the water pump 21 is only moved from the seventh end of the nine-way valve shown in FIG. 7A to the sixth end of the nine-way valve shown in FIG. There is no real impact on implementation.
  • the solution in the second embodiment of the present application is described below by taking the thermal management system shown in FIG. 7A as an example.
  • the front-end cooling module is further provided with a first fan (1), and the fan 1 is used to complete the heat exchange process between the ambient temperature and the cooler in the front-end cooling module according to the ambient air.
  • the temperature adjustment can be heating or cooling.
  • the front-end cooling module can heat up the coolant based on the ambient temperature.
  • the temperature of the coolant is higher than the ambient temperature, so The front-end cooling module can cool the coolant based on the ambient temperature.
  • the following is an example of the front-end cooling module only cooling.
  • the evaporator and the heater core are arranged in the air conditioning box of the passenger compartment, and a second fan (2) may also be arranged in the air conditioning box of the passenger compartment.
  • the fan 2 can directly blow the air in the environment to the passenger compartment, or it can be The air is cooled by the evaporator before the air is blown out, and the air can also be heated by the heater core before the air is blown out.
  • the thermal management system may further include a water heater, the input end of the water heater is connected to the output end b 12 of the first heat exchange pipe, and the water heater The output end is connected to the input end of the heater core.
  • the water heater is used to heat the coolant flowing through the water heater.
  • a water heater can also be used to heat the coolant output from the first heat exchange pipe, and then The warm air blown from the air conditioner to the passenger compartment is heated through the warm air core to enhance the effect of warming the passenger compartment.
  • the water heater can be turned off directly.
  • the thermal management system may further include at least one throttle valve, such as throttle valve 23 and throttle valve 24 .
  • the input end of the throttle valve 23 and the input end of the throttle valve 24 are respectively connected to the output end b 14 of the second heat exchange pipeline, the output end of the throttle valve 23 is connected to the input end b 31 of the third heat exchange pipeline, and the throttle valve The output end of 24 is connected to the input end of the evaporator.
  • the throttle valve is used to control the flow of the output liquid.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid obtained by the heat exchange of the second heat exchange pipeline cannot be transferred to the third heat exchange pipeline through the throttle valve 23, and the fourth heat exchange pipeline cannot communicate with the first heat exchange pipeline.
  • the three heat exchange pipes conduct heat exchange to obtain low temperature and low pressure coolant.
  • the throttle valve 24 is closed, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipeline cannot be transmitted to the heater core through the throttle valve 24 .
  • the thermal management system may further include a liquid storage device, and the liquid storage device is used to store part of the refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant circuit.
  • the liquid storage device can be a liquid storage tank or a gas-liquid separation device.
  • the liquid storage tank can be arranged outside the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline, the input end of the liquid storage tank is connected with the output end b 14 of the second heat exchange pipeline, and the output of the liquid storage tank The ends are respectively connected to the input end of the evaporator and the input end of the throttle valve 23 .
  • the liquid storage tank is used to store part of the refrigerant liquid in the first refrigerant circuit and/or the second refrigerant circuit.
  • the liquid storage device is a gas-liquid separation device
  • the input end of the gas-liquid separator is respectively connected to the output end of the evaporator and the output end of the third heat exchange pipeline, and the output end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the input end of the compressor.
  • the gas-liquid separator can separate the refrigerant gas and refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant circuit, and then flow the refrigerant gas into the compressor, and store the refrigerant liquid inside the gas-liquid separator.
  • the thermal management system may further include at least one kettle, such as kettle 25 and kettle 26 .
  • the input end of the kettle 25 can be connected to the output end of the heater core, and the output end of the kettle 25 can be connected to the input end of the water pump 20 .
  • the input end of the kettle 26 can be connected to the output end of the electric drive, and the output end of the kettle 26 can be connected to the input end of the water pump 22 .
  • the kettle 25 and the kettle 26 are both arranged in the cooling liquid loop for purifying the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid loop. The purer the cooling liquid liquid, the better the temperature adjustment effect of the cooling liquid loop.
  • temperature and pressure sensors such as a temperature and pressure sensor P 20 and a temperature and pressure sensor P 21 , may also be provided at key positions in the thermal management system.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 20 is provided at the output end of the compressor, and is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant output by the compressor.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 21 is arranged at the output end of the third heat exchange pipe, and is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the battery cooler. It should be understood that the key positions indicated above are only illustrative, and the present application does not limit only these key positions.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment 2 uses a nine-way valve to replace the three-way device, four-way device and five-way device in the first embodiment, so as to not only have the beneficial effects in the first embodiment, but also further simplify the structure of the thermal management system, The volume occupied by the thermal management system is further reduced.
  • the process design of the nine-way device is relatively fine, so the thermal management system in the second embodiment may be higher in cost than the thermal management system in the first embodiment.
  • each component in the thermal management system may also be designed in an integrated manner.
  • FIG. 8 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a general integration method provided in the second embodiment of the present application, in which a liquid storage tank is used as a gas-liquid separation device.
  • the total integration method can integrate each board replacement part and each valve part in the thermal management system into one component assembly at the same time, and each board replacement part can include a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler, and a water heater. and one or more of the compressors, each valve component may include one or more of a nine-way valve, a water pump 20 , a water pump 21 , a water pump 22 , a kettle 25 and a kettle 26 .
  • the solution shown in FIG. 8 integrates all the plate replacement parts and all the valve parts, so that the structure is more compact and the space is smaller.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present application Some modes that can be implemented by the thermal management system in Embodiment 2 of the present application are exemplarily introduced below by still taking the modes exemplified in Embodiment 1 as examples.
  • the controller can realize different temperature modes by controlling each valve and each water pump, and can also obtain the temperature and pressure at each key position from the output end of each temperature and pressure sensor during the control process, and then judge the current temperature and pressure. Whether the pressure meets the requirements of the current temperature mode, if not, real-time adjustment can be performed to adjust the temperature and pressure to the current temperature mode as much as possible.
  • Embodiment 1 for details, which will not be repeated below.
  • M10 a mode in which the passenger compartment and battery are cooled at the same time.
  • FIG. 9A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are simultaneously cooled.
  • the controller in the M10 mode, can communicate with the first end b 21 of the nine-way valve.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and a branch of the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid is transmitted to the evaporator to cool the cabin Back to the compressor, at this time, the air conditioner in the cabin is set to the full cooling mode (the full cooling mode is one of the cooling modes, and the full cooling mode refers to the cooling of the passenger cabin and the battery at the same time).
  • the other branch of the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipe to be the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe (the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 21 passes through the fifth end b 25 of the nine-way valve and the third heat exchange pipe when the water pump 21 is running.
  • the low temperature and low pressure coolant flows to the battery through the second end b 22 and the sixth end b 26 of the nine-way valve, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 20 flows into the front-end cooling module through the nine-way valve to cool down, and then flows to the electric drive to cool the electric drive, and then flows through the water pump 22, the nine-way valve, the first heat exchange pipe and the heater.
  • the air core body is returned to the water pump 20 .
  • the heater core in the cabin air conditioner also flows through the coolant, the water heater is not activated and the heater core does not work, so the coolant flowing through the heater core only flows through the air conditioner as a bypass , does not affect the temperature of the cab.
  • the battery is cooled by the coolant cooled by the battery cooler
  • the passenger compartment is cooled by the coolant cooled by the water-cooled condenser
  • the electric drive is naturally cooled by the coolant cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • M11 a model with separate cooling for the passenger compartment.
  • FIG. 9B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of cooling the passenger compartment alone.
  • the controller in the M11 mode, can communicate the first end b 21 of the nine-way valve with the nine-way valve.
  • the seventh end b 27 of the through valve connects the fourth end b 24 of the nine-way valve with the ninth end b 29 of the nine-way valve, opens the throttle valve 24 and closes the throttle valve 23 (that is, the battery cooler does not work) , turn off the water heater, turn off the heater core (when the passenger compartment air conditioner is turned on, the passenger compartment air conditioner directly blows ambient air to the passenger compartment without heating through the heater core), and start the water pump 20 and the water pump 22.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, which is transferred to the evaporator to cool the cabin and then flows back to the compressor for compression.
  • the air conditioner in the cabin is set to cooling mode.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 20 flows into the front-end cooling module through the nine-way valve for cooling, and then flows to the electric drive to cool the electric drive, and then returns to the front-end cooling module through the nine-way valve, the first heat exchange pipe and the heater core. water pump 20.
  • the heater core in the cabin air conditioner also flows through the coolant, the water heater is not activated and the heater core does not work, so the coolant flowing through the heater core only flows through the air conditioner as a bypass , does not affect the temperature of the cab.
  • the passenger compartment is cooled by the coolant cooled by the water-cooled condenser, and the electric drive is naturally cooled by the coolant cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • Fig. 9C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of independent cooling of the battery.
  • the controller in the M12 mode, can communicate the first end b 21 of the nine-way valve with the nine-way valve
  • the seventh end b 27 of the valve communicates with the second end b 22 of the nine-way valve and the sixth end b 26 of the nine-way valve, and communicates with the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve and the fifth end b 25 of the nine-way valve,
  • Connect the fourth end b 24 of the nine-way valve with the ninth end b 29 of the nine-way valve open the throttle valve 23, close the throttle valve 24 (that is, the evaporator does not work), close the water heater, and close the heater core body, and start the water pump 20, the water pump 21 and the water pump 22.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipeline to become the fourth heat exchange pipeline
  • the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid (the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 21 when it is running flows to the fourth heat exchange pipe through the fifth end b 25 and the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve) is cooled to obtain a low temperature and low pressure cooling liquid and then flows back to the compressor. .
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling liquid obtained by heat exchange in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows to the battery through the second end b 22 and the sixth end b 26 of the nine-way valve, thereby cooling the battery and then returning to the water pump 21 .
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 20 flows into the front-end cooling module through the nine-way valve for cooling, and then flows to the electric drive to cool the electric drive, and then passes through the water pump 22, the nine-way valve, the first heat exchange pipe and the heater core. The body is returned to the water pump 20.
  • the heater core in the cabin air conditioner also flows through the coolant, the water heater is not activated and the heater core does not work, so the coolant flowing through the heater core only flows through the air conditioner as a bypass , does not affect the temperature of the cab.
  • the battery is cooled by the cooling liquid in the battery cooler, and the electric drive is naturally cooled by the cooling liquid in the front-end cooling module.
  • Fig. 9D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of natural battery cooling.
  • the controller can communicate the second end b 22 of the nine-way valve with the nine-way valve.
  • the sixth end b 26 of the valve communicates with the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve and the seventh end b 27 of the nine-way valve, and communicates with the fifth end b 25 of the nine-way valve and the ninth end b 29 of the nine-way valve, Throttle valve 23 and throttle valve 24 are closed (so that neither the evaporator nor the battery cooler works), the water heater is closed, the heater core is closed, and the water pump 21 and the water pump 22 are started.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 21 flows through the fifth end b 25 and the ninth end b 29 of the nine-way valve to the front-end cooling module for cooling, and then flows to the electric drive to cool the electric drive, Further, through the water pump 22, the seventh end b 27 of the nine-way valve, the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve, and the fourth heat exchange pipe (because the battery cooler does not work, the fourth heat exchange pipe is actually only used as a pipe. flow without performing heat exchange), the second end b 22 of the nine-way valve and the sixth end b 26 of the nine-way valve flow to the battery to cool the battery, and then return to the water pump 21 . In this case, both the battery and the electric drive are naturally cooled by the coolant cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • Fig. 9E exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the motor natural cooling mode.
  • the controller in the M15 mode, can communicate the seventh end b 27 of the nine-way valve with the nine-way valve
  • the ninth end of the valve, b 29 closes the throttle valve 23 and the throttle valve 24 (so that neither the evaporator nor the battery cooler works), turns off the water heater, and starts the water pump 22 .
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 22 flows into the front-end cooling module through the seventh end b 27 of the nine-way valve and the ninth end b 29 of the nine-way valve for cooling, and then flows to the electric drive to cool the electric drive and then back to the water pump 22.
  • the electric drives are naturally cooled by the coolant cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • FIG. 9F exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are heated at the same time.
  • the controller in the M16 mode, can communicate with the first end b of the nine-way valve 21 and the fifth end b 25 of the nine-way valve, communicate with the second end b 22 of the nine-way valve and the eighth end b 28 of the nine-way valve, communicate with the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve and the seventh end of the nine-way valve
  • the end b 27 connects the fourth end b 24 of the nine-way valve with the sixth end b 26 of the nine-way valve, opens the throttle valve 23, closes the throttle valve 24 (thus the evaporator does not work), turns on the water heater, Turn off the heater core, and start the water pump 20, the water pump 21 and the water pump 22.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe and the first heat exchange pipe (the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 21 when running passes through the fifth end b 25 of the nine-way valve and the nine-way valve).
  • the first end b 21 of the valve flows to the first heat exchange pipe) to exchange heat to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipe to be the cooling liquid (water pump) in the fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the cooling liquid driven by 22 during operation flows to the fourth heat exchange pipe through the seventh end b 27 of the nine-way valve and the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve) to cool down to obtain low temperature and low pressure cooling liquid and then flow back to the compressor.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipe flows into the heater core after being heated by the water heater, and the air conditioner of the passenger compartment turns on the full heat mode (the full heat mode belongs to one of the heating modes, the full heat mode). Refers to heating the passenger compartment and the battery at the same time), so the passenger compartment air conditioner will first heat the ambient air through the heater core and then blow it into the passenger compartment to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the high-temperature refrigerant liquid flowing out of the heater core passes through the water pump 20 , the fourth end b 24 of the nine-way valve, and the sixth end b 26 of the nine-way valve, and then remains to the battery, thereby heating the battery, and then flows back to the water pump 21 .
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure coolant in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows to the electric drive through the second end b 22 and the eighth end b 28 of the nine-way valve to cool the electric drive, and then flows back to the water pump 22 .
  • the passenger compartment and the battery are heated by the coolant heated by the third heat exchange pipe and/or the water heater, and the electric drive is cooled by the coolant cooled by the battery cooler.
  • FIG. 9G exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the passenger compartment alone.
  • the controller in the M18 mode, can communicate the first end b 21 of the nine-way valve with the The fourth end b 24 of the nine-way valve communicates with the second end b 22 of the nine-way valve and the eighth end b 28 of the nine-way valve, and communicates with the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve and the seventh end b of the nine-way valve 27 , open the throttle valve 23, close the throttle valve 24 (thus the evaporator does not work), turn on the water heater, turn on the heater core, and start the water pump 20 and the water pump 22.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe and the first heat exchange pipe (the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 20 when running passes through the fourth end b 24 of the nine-way valve and the nine-way valve).
  • the first end b 21 of the valve flows to the first heat exchange pipe) to exchange heat to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipe to be the cooling liquid (water pump) in the fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the cooling liquid driven by 22 during operation flows to the fourth heat exchange pipe through the seventh end b 27 of the nine-way valve and the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve) to cool down to obtain low temperature and low pressure cooling liquid and then flow back to the compressor.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipe is heated by the water heater and then flows into the heater core. Then blow it into the passenger compartment to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the controller can also adjust the heating effect of the passenger compartment by adjusting the power of the water heater.
  • the high-temperature refrigerant liquid flowing out of the heater core flows back to the water pump 20 .
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure coolant in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows to the electric drive through the second end b 22 and the eighth end b 28 of the nine-way valve to cool the electric drive, and then flows back to the water pump 22 .
  • the passenger compartment is heated by the coolant heated by the third heat exchange pipe and/or the water heater, and the electric drive is cooled by the coolant cooled by the battery cooler.
  • FIG. 9H exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the battery alone.
  • the controller in the M19 mode, can communicate the first end b 21 of the nine-way valve with the nine-way valve.
  • the fifth end b 25 of the through valve communicates with the second end b 22 of the nine-way valve and the eighth end b 28 of the nine-way valve, and communicates with the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve and the seventh end b 27 of the nine-way valve , connect the fourth end b 24 of the nine-way valve with the sixth end b 26 of the nine-way valve, open the throttle valve 23, close the throttle valve 24 (thus the evaporator does not work), turn on the water heater, and turn off the warm air core, and start the water pump 20, the water pump 21 and the water pump 22.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe and the first heat exchange pipe (the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 21 when running passes through the fifth end b 25 of the nine-way valve and the nine-way valve).
  • the first end b 21 of the valve flows to the first heat exchange pipe) to exchange heat to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipe to be the cooling liquid (water pump) in the fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the cooling liquid driven by 22 during operation flows to the fourth heat exchange pipe through the seventh end b 27 of the nine-way valve and the third end b 23 of the nine-way valve) to cool down to obtain low temperature and low pressure cooling liquid and then flow back to the compressor.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipe flows into the heater core after being heated by the water heater. Since the heater core is not turned on, the air conditioner of the passenger compartment will not use the heater core to heat the ambient air. That is, the passenger compartment is not heated.
  • the heater core acts as a bypass to transmit high-temperature coolant, and then flows to the battery through the water pump 20, the fourth end b 24 of the nine-way valve, and the sixth end b 26 of the nine-way valve, thereby heating the battery, Then it flows back to the water pump 21 .
  • the controller can also adjust the heating effect of the battery by adjusting the power of the water heater.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure coolant in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows to the electric drive through the second end b 22 and the eighth end b 28 of the nine-way valve to cool the electric drive, and then flows back to the water pump 22 .
  • the battery is heated by the cooling liquid heated by the third heat exchange pipe and/or the water heater, and the electric drive is cooled by the cooling liquid cooled by the battery cooler.
  • thermal management system in the second embodiment of the present application can also implement other modes other than the above-mentioned modes, such as the mode of cooling the motor alone, the mode of heating the motor alone, the mode of dehumidifying the whole vehicle, and so on.
  • the same mode can actually be implemented by various different loops, and is not limited to only the one introduced above, which will not be introduced one by one in this application.
  • FIG. 10 exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the thermal management system may include a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler, a five-way valve, A four-way valve, a first three-way valve (41), a second three-way valve (42), a water pump 31, a water pump 32, and a water pump 33.
  • the water-cooled condenser may include a first heat exchange pipe and a second heat exchange pipe
  • the battery cooler may include a third heat exchange pipe and a fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the input end (c 11 ) of the first heat exchange pipe is connected to the first end (c 21 ) of the five-way valve, and the output end (c 12 ) of the first heat exchange pipe is connected to the input of the heater core in the air conditioning box of the passenger compartment
  • the output end of the heater core is connected to the input end of the water pump 30, and the output end of the water pump 30 is connected to the third end of the five-way valve (c 23 ).
  • the input end (c 13 ) of the second heat exchange pipe is connected to the output end of the compressor, the output end (c 14 ) of the second heat exchange pipe is connected to the input end of the high pressure pipe, and the output end of the high pressure pipe is divided into two branches, One branch is connected to the input end (c 31 ) of the third heat exchange pipe, and then the output end (c 32 ) of the third heat exchange pipe is connected to the input end of the low pressure pipe, and the other branch is connected to the air conditioner in the passenger compartment.
  • the input end of the evaporator, and then the output end of the evaporator is connected to the input end of the low pressure pipe, and the output end of the low pressure pipe is connected to the input end of the compressor.
  • the input end (c 33 ) of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the first end (c 41 ) of the four-way valve, and the output end (c 34 ) of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the fifth end (c 25 ) of the five-way valve,
  • the second end (c 22 ) of the five-way valve is connected to the input end of the water pump 31 , the output end of the water pump 31 is connected to the first end (c 51 ) of the three-way valve 41 , and the second end (c 52 ) of the three-way valve 41
  • the input end of the electric drive is connected, the third end (c 53 ) of the three-way valve 41 is connected to the input end of the cooler in the front-end cooling module, and the output end of the cooler is also connected to the input end of the electric drive.
  • the output end of the electric driver is connected to the fourth end (c 44 ) of the four-way valve.
  • the fourth end (c 24 ) of the five-way valve is connected to the input end of the water pump 32 and the first end (a 61 ) of the three-way valve 42 respectively, the output end of the water pump 32 is connected to the input end of the battery, and the output end of the battery is connected to the four-way valve
  • the second end (c 42 ) of the valve, the second end (a 62 ) of the three-way valve 42 is connected to the first end a 21 of the five-way valve, and the third end (a 62 ) of the three-way valve 42 is connected to the four-way valve.
  • the high-pressure pipe and the low-pressure pipe are coaxial pipes, and when the temperature of the refrigerant in the high-pressure pipe is different from the temperature of the refrigerant in the low-pressure pipe, the high-pressure pipe and the low-pressure pipe perform a heat exchange operation.
  • the cooler is provided in the front-end cooling module, and the front-end cooling module is further provided with a first fan (1), and the fan 1 is used to perform heat exchange with the cooler using the ambient temperature corresponding to the ambient air.
  • the coolant temperature in winter is lower than the ambient temperature, so the front-end cooling module can heat up the coolant based on the ambient temperature.
  • the coolant temperature in summer is higher than the ambient temperature, so the front-end cooling module can cool the coolant based on the ambient temperature.
  • the following is an example of the front-end cooling module only cooling.
  • the evaporator and the heater core are arranged in the air-conditioning box of the passenger compartment, and a second fan (2) may also be arranged in the air-conditioning box of the passenger compartment.
  • the air can also be cooled through the evaporator before the air is blown out, or the air can be heated through the heater core before the air is blown out.
  • the thermal management system may further include a water heater, the input end of the water heater is connected to the output end c 12 of the first heat exchange pipe, and the water heater is connected to the output end c 12 of the first heat exchange pipe.
  • the output end is connected to the input end of the heater core.
  • the water heater can heat the coolant flowing through the water heater.
  • a water heater can also be used to heat the coolant output from the first heat exchange pipe, and then The warm air blown from the air conditioner to the passenger compartment is heated through the warm air core to enhance the effect of warming the passenger compartment. If the temperature of the warm air blown from the heater core to the passenger compartment is suitable, the water heater can also be turned off directly.
  • the thermal management system may further include at least one throttle valve, such as throttle valve 33 and throttle valve 34 .
  • the input end of the throttle valve 33 and the input end of the throttle valve 34 are respectively connected to the output end of the high pressure pipe, the output end of the throttle valve 33 is connected to the input end c 31 of the third heat exchange pipe, and the output end of the throttle valve 34 is connected to the input of the evaporator.
  • the throttle valve is used to control the flow of the output liquid. If the throttle valve is completely closed, the throttle valve does not output liquid.
  • the thermal management system may further include a liquid storage device, and the liquid storage device is used to store liquid on the refrigerant circuit.
  • the liquid storage device may be a liquid storage tank or a gas-liquid separator.
  • the liquid storage tank can be arranged outside the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline, the input end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline, and the output end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline.
  • the input end of the high pressure pipe is connected.
  • the liquid storage tank is used to store part of the refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant circuit.
  • the liquid storage device is a gas-liquid separator
  • the input end of the gas-liquid separator can be connected to the input end of the low-pressure pipe, and the output end of the gas-liquid separator can be connected to the input end of the compressor.
  • the thermal management system may further include at least one kettle, such as kettle 35 and kettle 36 .
  • the input end of the kettle 35 can be connected to the output end of the heater core, and the output end of the kettle 35 can be connected to the input end of the water pump 30 .
  • the input end of the kettle 36 can be connected to the output end of the electric drive, and the output end of the kettle 36 can be connected to the fourth end c 44 of the four-way valve.
  • the kettle 35 and the kettle 36 can purify the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid loop. The purer the cooling liquid liquid, the better the temperature adjustment effect of the cooling liquid loop.
  • temperature and pressure sensors such as temperature and pressure sensors P 30 , temperature and pressure sensors P 31 , temperature and pressure sensors, may also be set at key positions in the thermal management system P 32 , temperature and pressure sensor P 33 , temperature and pressure sensor P 34 , temperature and pressure sensor P 35 , temperature and pressure sensor P 36 , temperature and pressure sensor P 37 , and temperature and pressure sensor P 38 .
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 30 is arranged at the outlet of the compressor, and the temperature and pressure sensor P 35 is arranged at the inlet of the compressor.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 30 and the temperature and pressure sensor P 35 are used to detect the effect of the compressor compressing refrigerant.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 31 is arranged at the output end of the third heat exchange pipe to detect the temperature and pressure of the battery cooler.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 32 is arranged at the water inlet of the electric drive, and the temperature and pressure sensor P 38 is arranged at the water outlet of the electric drive.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 32 and the temperature and pressure sensor P 38 are used to detect the cooling effect of the electric drive.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 33 is arranged at the water inlet of the battery, and the temperature and pressure sensor P 37 is arranged at the water outlet of the battery.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 33 and the temperature and pressure sensor P 37 are used to detect the effect of cooling the battery. It is used to detect the temperature and pressure at the output of the electric drive.
  • the temperature and pressure sensor P 34 is arranged at the water inlet of the high-pressure pipe, and the temperature and pressure sensor P 36 is arranged at the water inlet of the low-pressure pipe . cooling effect. It should be understood that the key positions indicated above are only illustrative, and the present application does not limit only these key positions.
  • the third embodiment adds a three-way valve and a pair of coaxial pipes on the basis of the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 3 introduces coaxial tubes to exchange heat through coaxial high-pressure tubes and low-pressure tubes, thereby further improving the cooling and heating efficiency of the refrigerant loop.
  • the battery loop can be isolated (relatively isolated, actually communicated through the five-way valve) when the battery and the passenger compartment are heated at the same time, which helps to control the cooling of the battery inlet The liquid temperature is maintained within a reasonable range.
  • each component in the thermal management system may also be designed in an integrated manner.
  • Embodiment 1 for details of various solutions for realizing the integration method.
  • each valve component in Embodiment 3 may also include a newly added three-way valve 42, and each plate replacement component in Embodiment 3 may also include the same valve.
  • High-pressure and low-pressure pipes of the shaft FIG. 11 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a general integration method provided in the third embodiment of the present application, and this solution assumes that a gas-liquid separator is used as a liquid storage device.
  • each board replacement part and each valve part in the thermal management system can be integrated into the same component assembly at the same time, and each board replacement part can include a water-cooled condenser, a battery cooler, and a water heater.
  • each valve component may include a five-way valve, a four-way valve, a three-way valve 41, a three-way valve 42, a water pump 30, a water pump 31, a water pump 32, a kettle 35 and One or more of the kettles 36.
  • the solution shown in FIG. 11 integrates all the plate replacement parts and all the valve parts, so that the structure is more compact and the space is smaller.
  • the control end of each valve element, the control end of each water pump and the output end of each temperature and pressure sensor in the thermal management system may also be connected to the controller.
  • the controller can realize different temperature modes by controlling each valve and each water pump, and can also obtain the temperature and pressure at each key position from the output end of each temperature and pressure sensor during the control process, and then judge the current temperature and pressure. Whether the requirements of the current temperature mode are met, if not, real-time adjustment can be performed to adjust the temperature and pressure to the current temperature mode as much as possible.
  • M10 a mode in which the passenger compartment and battery are cooled at the same time.
  • FIG. 12A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are simultaneously cooled.
  • the controller in the M10 mode, can communicate with the second end c of the three-way valve 42 62 and the third end c 63 of the three-way valve, communicate with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the third end c 23 of the five-way valve, and communicate with the fourth end c 24 of the five-way valve and the fifth end of the five-way valve.
  • the end c 25 communicates with the first end c 41 of the four-way valve and the second end c 42 of the four-way valve, communicates with the third end c 43 of the four-way valve and the fourth end c 44 of the four-way valve, and communicates with the three-way valve
  • the first end c 51 of 41 and the third end c 53 of the three-way valve 41 are connected, and the throttle valve 33 and the throttle valve 34 are opened, the heater core is closed, and the water pump 30 , the water pump 31 and the water pump 32 are started.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe, and in the second heat exchange pipe, it communicates with the first heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to pass through the five-way valve and the water pump 31 in sequence).
  • the three-way valve 41, the cooler, the electric drive, the four-way valve and the three-way valve 42 flow into the first heat exchange pipe) for the initial heat exchange to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, which then enters the high-pressure pipe.
  • the secondary heat exchange with the coaxial low-pressure tube obtains a lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid, and the lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid is transmitted to the evaporator in a branch to cool down the cabin.
  • the air conditioner in the cabin is set to Full-cooling mode (full-cooling mode is one of the cooling modes, and the full-cooling mode refers to cooling the passenger compartment and the battery at the same time).
  • Another branch of the lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipe, and in the third heat exchange pipe and the fourth heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 32 drives the cooling liquid to flow into the fourth heat exchange pipe through the battery and the four-way valve in turn
  • the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe flows back to the compressor through the low pressure pipe after heat exchange.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling liquid obtained by heat exchange in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows back to the water pump 32 through the five-way valve, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 30 is cooled by the front-end cooling module, and then cools the electric drive first, and then enters the first heat exchange pipe for heat exchange to obtain high-temperature cooling liquid.
  • the high-temperature cooling liquid flows through the heater core, because the heater core is not Start, so the high-temperature coolant only flows through the air conditioning box as a bypass, and does not affect the temperature of the cab.
  • the high-pressure pipe before entering the evaporator and the third heat exchange pipe, exchanges heat with the coaxial low-pressure pipe.
  • the outer tube and the low-pressure tube are the inner tubes, so during heat exchange, the outer tube of the high-pressure tube can exchange heat to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant, while the inner tube of the low-pressure tube can exchange heat to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
  • the high pressure pipe after heat exchange has a lower temperature, so the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator and the third heat exchange pipe can be further reduced, which helps to improve the cooling effect of the passenger compartment and the cooling effect of the battery.
  • M11 a model with separate cooling for the passenger compartment.
  • FIG. 12B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of individual cooling of the passenger compartment.
  • the controller in the M11 mode, can communicate the second end c 62 of the three-way valve 42 with the The third end c 63 of the three-way valve communicates with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the third end c 23 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the third end c 43 of the four-way valve and the fourth end c of the four-way valve 44 , connect the first end c 51 of the three-way valve 41 with the third end c 53 of the three-way valve 41, open the throttle valve 34, close the throttle valve 33 (thus the battery cooler does not work), and turn off the heater Core, start the water pump 30 and the water pump 31.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe, and in the second heat exchange pipe, it communicates with the first heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to pass through the five-way valve and the water pump 31 in sequence).
  • the three-way valve 41, the cooler, the electric drive, the four-way valve and the three-way valve 42 flow into the first heat exchange pipe) for the initial heat exchange to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, which then enters the high-pressure pipe.
  • the secondary heat exchange with the coaxial low-pressure pipe obtains a lower-temperature and lower-pressure refrigerant liquid, which is transmitted to the evaporator to cool the cabin, and then flows back to the compressor through the low-pressure pipe.
  • the air conditioner in the room is set to cooling mode.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 30 is cooled by the front-end cooling module, and then cools the electric drive first, and then enters the first heat exchange pipe for heat exchange to obtain high-temperature cooling liquid.
  • the high-temperature cooling liquid flows through the heater core, because the heater core is not Start, so the high temperature coolant only flows through the air conditioning box as a bypass, and does not affect the temperature of the cab.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant output from the second heat exchange pipeline will pass through the coaxial high-pressure pipe and the low-pressure pipe for heat exchange to obtain a lower-temperature refrigerant.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator can be further reduced, which contributes to improving the cooling effect of the passenger compartment.
  • FIG. 12C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of cooling the battery alone.
  • the controller in the M12 mode, can communicate the second end c 62 of the three-way valve 42 with the three-way valve 42 .
  • the third end c 63 of the through valve communicates with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the third end c 23 of the five-way valve, and communicates between the fourth end c 24 of the five-way valve and the fifth end c 25 of the five-way valve , the first end c 41 of the four-way valve is communicated with the second end c 42 of the four-way valve, the third end c 43 of the four-way valve is communicated with the fourth end c 44 of the four-way valve, and the third end of the three-way valve 41 is communicated One end c51 and the third end c53 of the three-way valve 41, and open the throttle valve 33 , close the throttle valve 34 (thus the evaporator does not work), close the heater core, start the water pump 30, the water pump 31 and the water pump 32.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe, and in the second heat exchange pipe, it communicates with the first heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to pass through the five-way valve and the water pump 31 in sequence).
  • the three-way valve 41, the cooler, the electric drive, the four-way valve and the three-way valve 42 flow into the first heat exchange pipe) for the initial heat exchange to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, which then enters the high-pressure pipe.
  • the secondary heat exchange with the coaxial low-pressure pipe obtains refrigerant liquid of lower temperature and lower pressure, and the refrigerant liquid of lower temperature and lower pressure is connected with the fourth heat exchange pipe in the third heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 32 drives the cooling liquid in turn.
  • the cooling liquid flowing into the fourth heat exchange pipe) through the battery and the four-way valve is heat exchanged and then flows back to the compressor through the low pressure pipe.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling liquid obtained by heat exchange in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows back to the water pump 32 through the five-way valve, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 30 is cooled by the front-end cooling module, and then cools the electric drive first, and then enters the first heat exchange pipe for heat exchange to obtain high-temperature cooling liquid.
  • the high-temperature cooling liquid flows through the heater core, because the heater core is not Start, so the high-temperature coolant only flows through the air conditioning box as a bypass, and does not affect the temperature of the cab.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant output from the second heat exchange pipe will pass through the coaxial high-pressure pipe and the low-pressure pipe for heat exchange to obtain a lower-temperature refrigerant.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the battery cooler can be further reduced, the ability of the battery cooler to cool the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe can be improved, and the cooling effect of the battery can be improved.
  • FIG. 12D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of battery cooling and passenger compartment heating.
  • the controller in the M13 mode, can communicate with the second end c of the three-way valve 42 62 and the third end c 63 of the three-way valve, communicate with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the third end c 23 of the five-way valve, and communicate with the fourth end c 24 of the five-way valve and the fifth end of the five-way valve.
  • the end c 25 communicates with the first end c 41 of the four-way valve and the second end c 42 of the four-way valve, communicates with the third end c 43 of the four-way valve and the fourth end c 44 of the four-way valve, and communicates with the three-way valve
  • the first end c 51 of 41 and the second end c 52 of the three-way valve 41 open the throttle valve 33, close the throttle valve 34 (thus the evaporator does not work), start the water heater, and start the water pump 30, the water pump 31 and water pump 32.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor is in the second heat exchange pipe and the first heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to pass through the five-way valve, the water pump 31, the three-way valve 41, the electric The driver, the four-way valve and the three-way valve 42 flow into the first heat exchange pipe) for the first heat exchange to obtain a low temperature and low pressure refrigerant liquid, which then enters the high pressure pipe and the coaxial low pressure pipe for secondary heat exchange A lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid is obtained, and the lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid is connected with the fourth heat exchange pipe in the third heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 32 drives the cooling liquid to flow into the fourth exchange pipe through the battery and the four-way valve in turn.
  • the cooling liquid in the heat pipe flows back to the compressor through the low pressure pipe after heat exchange.
  • the high-temperature coolant obtained by the heat exchange of the first heat exchange pipe is heated by the water heater and then fed into the heater core. cabin to heat the crew compartment.
  • the controller can also control the effect of heating the passenger compartment by controlling the power of the water heater.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling liquid obtained by heat exchange in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows back to the water pump 32 through the five-way valve, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant output from the second heat exchange pipe is input into the battery cooler, it will pass through the coaxial high-pressure pipe and low-pressure pipe to obtain a lower temperature refrigerant, thereby further reducing the The temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the battery cooler improves the ability of the battery cooler to cool the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe, which helps to improve the cooling effect on the battery.
  • the first end a 51 of the three-way valve 41 and the third end a 53 of the three-way valve 41 can also be connected through the controller, so that the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 30 It first flows through the front-end cooling module to cool down, and then flows into the electric drive to cool the electric drive.
  • the first end a 51 of the three-way valve 41 and the second end a 52 of the three-way valve 41 can be connected through the controller, so that the cooling liquid driven by the water pump 30 directly flows into the electric drive device.
  • the first end a 51 of the three-way valve 41 can also be connected to the third end a 53 of the three-way valve 41 and the three-way valve 41 respectively.
  • the second end a 52 of the valve 41 controls the cooling effect by adjusting the flow ratio of the cooling liquid on the two branches.
  • Fig. 12E exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the motor natural cooling mode.
  • the controller in the M14 mode, can communicate the second end c 62 of the three-way valve 42 with the three-way valve 42.
  • the third end c 63 of the one-way valve communicates with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the third end c 23 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the third end c 43 of the four-way valve and the fourth end c 44 of the four-way valve , connect the first end c 51 of the three-way valve 41 with the third end c 53 of the three-way valve 41 , close the throttle valve 33 and the throttle valve 34 (thus the evaporator and the battery cooler do not work), and turn off the water heating and start the water pump 30 and the water pump 31.
  • the operation of the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to pass through the five-way valve, the water pump 31, the three-way valve 41, the cooler, the electric driver, the four-way valve, the three-way valve 42, the first heat exchange pipe and the heater core. After the body, it flows back to the water pump 30. Therefore, the cooling liquid in this loop cools down through the front-end cooling module, and then naturally cools the electric drive.
  • FIG. 12F exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are heated at the same time.
  • the controller can communicate with the third port of the three-way valve 42 respectively.
  • the end c 62 and the first end c 61 of the three-way valve, the third end c 62 of the three-way valve 42 and the second end c 62 of the three-way valve are respectively connected to the third end c 23 of the five-way valve and the five-way valve
  • the first end c 21 of the five-way valve, the third end c 23 of the five-way valve, and the fourth end c 24 of the five-way valve communicate with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the fifth end c 25 of the five-way valve, and communicate with the four
  • the first end c 41 of the one-way valve and the fourth end c 44 of the four-way valve communicate with the second end c 42 of the four-way valve and the third end c 43 of the four-way valve, and communicate with the first end c of the three-way valve 41 51 and the second end c 52 of the three-way valve 41 , open the throttle valve 33 , close the throttle valve 34 , turn on the water heater, and start
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe, and in the second heat exchange pipe, it is connected with the first heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 30 drives a part of the cooling liquid to flow directly into the first heat exchange pipe).
  • the heat pipe, the other part flows into the fourth heat exchange pipe through the water pump 32, the battery, the four-way valve and the three-way valve 42 (the latter part flows into the fourth heat exchange pipe) to obtain the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant liquid, and the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant liquid enters the high pressure
  • the secondary heat exchange between the tube and the coaxial low-pressure tube obtains a lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid, and the lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid is in the third heat exchange pipe with the fourth heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 31 drives the cooling liquid.
  • the cooling liquid flowing into the fourth heat exchange pipe undergoes heat exchange and then flows back to the compressor through the low pressure pipe.
  • the high-temperature coolant obtained by the heat exchange of the first heat exchange pipe is first heated by the water heater and then input to the heater core, and then returned to the water pump 30, and the air conditioner of the passenger compartment turns on the full heat mode (the full heat mode belongs to one of the heating modes).
  • the full heat mode refers to heating the passenger compartment and the battery at the same time), so the passenger compartment air conditioner first uses the warm air core to heat the ambient air and then blows it into the passenger compartment to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the controller can also control the effect of heating the passenger compartment by controlling the power of the water heater.
  • the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to circulate through the battery, so that the battery can also be heated.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling liquid obtained by heat exchange in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows back to the water pump 31, and then flows through the electric drive during the circulation process to cool the electric drive.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant output from the second heat exchange pipe is input to the battery cooler, it will pass through the coaxial high-pressure pipe and low-pressure pipe heat exchange to obtain a lower-temperature refrigerant, thereby further reducing the
  • the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the battery cooler improves the ability of the battery cooler to cool the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe, which helps to improve the cooling effect of the electric drive.
  • the passenger compartment heating loop and the battery heating loop actually belong to two combined circulation loops.
  • the coolant in the heating loop of the passenger compartment is driven by the water pump 30, and then passes through the third end c 23 of the five-way valve, the first end c 21 of the five-way valve, the first heat exchange pipe, the water heater and the heater in sequence.
  • the wind core body flows back to the water pump 30, thereby realizing the thermal circulation of the passenger compartment.
  • the coolant in the battery heating loop will be driven by the water pump 32 to run, and then pass through the battery, the second end c 42 of the four-way valve, the third end c 43 of the four-way valve, and the third end c 63 of the three-way valve 42 in sequence , and the first end c 61 of the three-way valve 42 and then flow back to the water pump 32, thereby realizing the thermal cycle of the battery.
  • the battery heating loop can be heated from the fourth end of the five-way valve Part of the high-temperature coolant in the heating loop of the passenger compartment is obtained at c 24 to heat the battery, and part of the low-temperature coolant in the heating loop of the battery can be released to the heating loop of the passenger compartment at the fifth end of the five-way valve at c 25 In order to realize the circulating flow of the battery heating loop.
  • the controller can also achieve different heating effects of the battery and the passenger compartment by controlling the flow rates of the coolant flowing into the battery heating loop and the passenger compartment heating loop at the fourth end c 24 of the five-way valve respectively. , so that both the temperature on the battery side and the temperature on the passenger compartment side can be located within a reasonable temperature range.
  • the solution in the third embodiment adds a new three-way valve 42 to the thermal management system.
  • this new three-way valve 42 Through this new three-way valve 42, the requirement of heating the battery and the passenger compartment at the same time can be realized.
  • the heating temperature of the battery and the heating temperature of the passenger compartment can be controlled separately by the controller, which provides better heating flexibility and more applicable scenarios.
  • FIG. 12G exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the passenger compartment alone.
  • the controller in the M18 mode, can communicate the first end c 21 of the five-way valve with the The third end c 23 of the five-way valve communicates with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the fifth end c 25 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the first end c 41 of the four-way valve and the fourth end c of the four-way valve 44 , connect the first end c 51 of the three-way valve 41 with the second end c 52 of the three-way valve 41, open the throttle valve 33, close the throttle valve 34 (thus the evaporator does not work), turn on the water heater, And start the water pump 30 and the water pump 31.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output from the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe, and exchanges with the first heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to flow into the first heat exchange pipe) in the second heat exchange pipe.
  • the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant liquid is obtained by heat, and the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant liquid enters the high pressure pipe and the coaxial low pressure pipe for secondary heat exchange to obtain the lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid.
  • the lower temperature and lower pressure refrigerant liquid is in The third heat exchange pipe exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 31 drives the cooling liquid to flow into the fourth heat exchange pipe through the three-way valve 41, the electric driver and the four-way valve in sequence), and then passes through the third heat exchange pipe.
  • the low pressure line flows back to the compressor.
  • the high-temperature coolant obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipe is first heated by the water heater and then fed into the heater core, and then returned to the water pump 30.
  • the air conditioner in the passenger compartment turns on the heating mode, so the air conditioner in the passenger compartment is heated by the heater core first. Ambient air is then blown into the passenger compartment to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the controller can also control the effect of heating the passenger compartment by controlling the power of the water heater.
  • the low-temperature cooling liquid output from the fourth heat exchange pipe flows back to the water pump 30, and the low-temperature cooling liquid is driven by the water pump 30 to circulate and flow to cool the electric drive.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant output from the second heat exchange pipe is input into the battery cooler to exchange heat for the fourth heat exchange pipe, it will go through the coaxial high-pressure pipe and low-pressure pipe heat exchange to obtain a lower temperature.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant can further reduce the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the battery cooler, thereby improving the ability to cool the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe, and helping to improve the cooling effect of the electric drive.
  • FIG. 12H exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the battery alone.
  • the controller in the M19 mode, can communicate the second end c 62 of the three-way valve with the third end c 62 of the three-way valve.
  • the third end c 63 of the through valve 42 communicates with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the fifth end c 25 of the five-way valve, the third end c 23 of the five-way valve and the fourth end c 24 of the five-way valve , communicates the first end c 41 of the four-way valve with the fourth end c 44 of the four-way valve, communicates the second end c 42 of the four-way valve and the third end c 43 of the four-way valve, communicates with the third end c 43 of the three-way valve 41
  • One end c51 and the second end c52 of the three-way valve 41 open the throttle valve 33, close the throttle valve 34 (thus the evaporator does not work), turn on the water heater, and start the water pump 30, the water pump 31 and the water pump 32.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe, and in the second heat exchange pipe, it communicates with the first heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to pass through the five-way valve and the water pump 32 in sequence).
  • the high-temperature coolant obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipe is first heated by the water heater and then fed into the heater core, and then returned to the water pump 30.
  • the coolant is not used to heat the passenger compartment, but flows through the heater core as a bypass and then returns to the water pump 30, so that the water pump 30 can drive the heated coolant to circulate through the battery, thereby heating the battery.
  • the controller can also control the effect of heating the battery by controlling the power of the water heater.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling liquid obtained by heat exchange in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows back to the water pump 31, and then flows through the electric drive during the circulation process to cool the electric drive.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant output from the second heat exchange pipe is input into the battery cooler, it will pass through the coaxial high-pressure pipe and low-pressure pipe to obtain a lower temperature refrigerant, thereby further reducing the The temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the battery cooler improves the ability of the battery cooler to cool the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe, which helps to improve the cooling effect of the electric drive.
  • FIG. 12I exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of dehumidifying the passenger compartment.
  • the controller in the M21 mode, can communicate the second end c 62 of the three-way valve 42 with the three The third end c 63 of the through valve 42 communicates with the second end c 22 of the five-way valve and the third end c 23 of the five-way valve, and communicates with the third end c 43 of the four-way valve and the second end c of the four-way valve 42 , connect the first end c 51 of the three-way valve 41 with the second end c 52 of the three-way valve 41, open the throttle valve 34, close the throttle valve 33 (thus the battery cooler does not work), turn on the water heater, And start the water pump 30 and the water pump 31.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipe, and in the second heat exchange pipe, it communicates with the first heat exchange pipe (the operation of the water pump 30 drives the cooling liquid to pass through the five-way valve and the water pump 31 in sequence).
  • the secondary heat exchange of the low-pressure pipe obtains a refrigerant liquid of lower temperature and lower pressure, and the refrigerant liquid of lower temperature and lower pressure flows into the evaporator for cooling, and then flows back to the compressor through the low-pressure pipe.
  • the high-temperature cooling liquid obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipe is first heated by the water heater and then input into the warm air core, and then returned to the water pump 30 .
  • the passenger cabin air conditioner turns on the dehumidification mode.
  • the passenger cabin air conditioner will first use the evaporator to cool and dehumidify the ambient air, then heat the dehumidified air through the heater core, and finally blow dry warm air into the passenger cabin.
  • the coolant in the coolant loop will also flow through the electric drive, and the temperature of the electric drive needs to be controlled below 50°C. Therefore, when the coolant temperature in the coolant loop is not higher than 50°C , the temperature is sufficient for cooling down the electric drive, so the controller can directly connect the first end c 51 of the three-way valve 41 with the second end c 52 of the three-way valve 41 as shown in FIG. 12I . When the temperature is higher than 50°C, the temperature is not enough to cool down the electric drive.
  • the controller can also connect the first end c 51 of the three-way valve 41 with the third end c 52 of the three-way valve 41 , so that the coolant The coolant in the loop is first cooled by the front-end cooling module and then flows through the electric drive, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling the electric drive.
  • the electric drive whether to connect two circuits at the same time or only the branch that is cooled by the front-end cooling module can be set by the user according to actual needs.
  • the thermal management system in Embodiment 3 of the present application can also implement other modes other than the above-mentioned modes, such as the mode of cooling the motor alone, the mode of heating the motor alone, the mode of dehumidification of the whole vehicle, the mode of heating the battery and the dehumidification of the whole vehicle mode, etc.
  • the same mode can actually be implemented by various different loops, and is not limited to only the one introduced above, which will not be introduced one by one in this application.
  • the newly added three-way valve 42 in the third embodiment can also be combined with the four-way valve to form a new five-way valve, and the five ports of the new five-way valve are respectively used to realize the four-way valve and The port function of the three-way valve 42 in order to further simplify the structure of the thermal management system.
  • the flow pipes of each cooling liquid may also be arranged in a cooling liquid substrate, and the flow pipes of each refrigerant may be arranged in a refrigerant substrate.
  • the flow pipes of each refrigerant may be arranged in a refrigerant substrate.
  • the pipeline base plate is used to replace the refrigerant pipeline
  • the rear pipeline base plate is used to replace the coolant pipeline
  • the board replacement includes a water-cooled condenser and a battery cooler.
  • the electronic drive unit includes all the electric drive modules in the total integrated system shown in FIG. 11, for example, it may include a compressor, a motor controller, a water heater (for example, the type may be a positive temperature coefficient (positive temperature coefficient). temperature coefficient, PTC) water heater) controller, water pump controller and water valve controller, etc., EDU can be connected with other live parts in the total integrated system through the drive line.
  • FIG. 14 exemplarily shows an appearance structure diagram of a thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the thermal management system presents a modular structure in appearance, with a relatively compact overall structure, high tube
  • the road connection is simple and the appearance is neat and so on.
  • FIG. 15A exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • the thermal management system may include a compressor Comp, a water-cooled condenser WCOND, a battery cooler Chiller, a Through valve, three-way valve T-valve, cabin water pump EWP_H, battery water pump EWP_B and electric drive water pump EWP_P, one-way valve.
  • the water-cooled condenser may include a first heat exchange pipe and a second heat exchange pipe
  • the battery cooler may include a third heat exchange pipe and a fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the input end d11 of the first heat exchange pipe is connected with the output end of the heater core body of the passenger cabin air conditioner box through the end d32 of the three - way valve, and the input end of the heater core body is connected with the output end of the water heater WTC , and is connected with the port 1 of the nine-way valve via the cabin water pump EWP_H ;
  • the output end d12 of the first heat exchange pipe is connected with the port 8 of the nine-way valve;
  • the input end d13 of the second heat exchange pipe is connected with the output end of the compressor Comp
  • the output end d 14 of the second heat exchange pipeline is divided into two branches, one branch is connected to the input end d 21 of the battery cooler Chiller and returns to the water cooling condensation through the output end d 22 of the battery cooler Chiller and the compressor Comp
  • the other branch is connected to the input end of the evaporator EVAP, and returns to the water-cooled condenser WCOND after passing through the output end of the evaporator and the compressor
  • the output end d14 , the output end d22 of the third heat exchange pipeline is connected to the compressor Comp; the input end d23 of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the port 3 of the nine-way valve; the output end 24 of the fourth heat exchange pipeline is connected to the nine-way Port 6 of the valve.
  • the throttle valve in the embodiments provided by the present application may also function as an electronic expansion valve.
  • the throttle valve EXV_H is connected to the input end of the evaporator, and the refrigerant is decompressed and expanded when passing through the throttle valve EXV_H.
  • the Water Temperature Coefficient (WTC) position is moved from between the heater core (HEX) and the water-cooled condenser (WCOND) to between the heater core (HEX) and the water pump (EWP_H);
  • the electric kettle (Tank_P) and the heating and ventilation kettle (Tank_H) are combined into a kettle (Tank), and the kettle (Tank) is changed from the position in series with the heating circuit to the position in parallel with the electric drive circuit, and the water replenishment position is Between the electric drive water pump (EWP_P) and the electric drive components, the exhaust position is the Radiator.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present application Some modes that can be implemented by the thermal management system in Embodiment 4 of the present application are exemplarily introduced below by still taking the modes exemplified in Embodiment 1 as examples.
  • the fourth embodiment also has multiple working modes, including: simultaneous cooling of the passenger compartment and battery, independent cooling of the passenger compartment, independent cooling of the battery, natural cooling of the battery, natural cooling of the motor, simultaneous heating of the passenger compartment and the battery, heating of the passenger compartment alone, Battery heating, heating and dehumidification + battery cooling, heating and dehumidification. Since there are many similarities in the working logic of sensors and actuators in different modes, for details not mentioned in this embodiment, reference may be made to other embodiments provided in this application. The following is a specific introduction:
  • passenger compartment mentioned in this application is also referred to as a passenger compartment.
  • M10 a mode in which the passenger compartment and battery are cooled at the same time.
  • cabin cooling, battery cooling, and electric drive heat dissipation are performed in this mode, which can be applied to scenarios where the battery and the cabin need to be cooled at the same time under high temperature conditions in summer.
  • FIG. 15A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are simultaneously cooled.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid is transmitted through a branch to the The evaporator cools the cabin and flows back to the compressor.
  • the air conditioner in the cabin is set to full cooling mode (full cooling mode is one of the cooling modes, and full cooling mode refers to cooling the passenger compartment and the battery at the same time).
  • the other branch of the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipe at the battery cooler to cool the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe, thereby obtaining a low-temperature cooling liquid.
  • the low-temperature coolant flows to the battery through the nine-way valve, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the battery is cooled by the cooled coolant in the battery cooler
  • the passenger compartment is cooled by the cooled coolant in the water-cooled condenser
  • the electric drive is naturally cooled by the cooled coolant in the front-end cooling module.
  • the water heater is not activated, so the coolant flowing on the heater core only flows through the air conditioning box as a bypass, and does not have a great impact on the temperature of the cab.
  • M11 a model with separate cooling for the passenger compartment.
  • FIG. 15B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of individual cooling of the passenger compartment.
  • the throttle valve EXV_B is closed, the battery cooler does not work, and the cabin water pump EWP_H and the electric drive water pump EWP_P are started.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid is transferred to the evaporator to cool the cabin and then flows back to the compressor.
  • the air conditioner is set to cooling mode.
  • the coolant driven by the cabin water pump EWP_H is cooled naturally through the front-end cooling module CFM.
  • the water heater is not activated, so the coolant flowing on the heater core only flows through the air conditioning box as a bypass, and will not have a great impact on the temperature of the cab.
  • the cabin does not need to be cooled, and the battery has a cooling demand (forced cooling), such as fast battery charging.
  • forced cooling such as fast battery charging.
  • FIG. 15C exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of battery cooling alone.
  • the throttle valve EXV_B is opened and the throttle valve EXV_H is closed, and the evaporator does not work at this time.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid passes through the third heat exchange pipeline to cool the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipeline. , get low-temperature coolant and flow back to the compressor.
  • the low-temperature cooling liquid obtained by heat exchange in the fourth heat exchange pipeline flows to the battery through the nine-way valve, thereby cooling the battery.
  • the battery is cooled by cooled coolant in the battery cooler.
  • the water heater is not activated, so the coolant flowing on the heater core only flows through the air conditioning box as a bypass, and will not have a great impact on the temperature of the cab.
  • the cabin is ventilated without heating or cooling needs, the battery needs cooling (natural cooling), and the electric drive needs cooling.
  • FIG. 15D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of natural battery cooling.
  • the throttle valves EXV_B and EXV_H are closed, and the battery cooler and the evaporator do not work .
  • the cooling liquid driven by the battery water pump EWP_B runs through the battery, the nine-way valve, and the fourth heat exchange pipe (because the battery cooler does not work, the fourth heat exchange pipe actually only circulates as a pipe, and does not perform heat exchange) ,
  • the nine-way valve flows to the front-end cooling module for cooling, and then flows to the electric drive to cool components such as the electric drive, and then flows back to the battery through the electric drive water pump EWP_P, the nine-way valve, and the battery water pump EWP_B.
  • both the battery and the electric drive are naturally cooled by the coolant cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • the cabin is ventilated without heating or cooling needs, the batteries have no heating or cooling needs, and the electric drives have cooling needs.
  • FIG. 15E exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of motor natural cooling.
  • the throttle valves EXV_B and EXV_H are closed, and the battery cooler and the evaporator do not work .
  • the coolant driven by the electric drive water pump EWP_P flows into the front-end cooling module through the nine-way valve to cool down, and then flows to the electric drive to cool components such as the electric drive. In this case, the electric drive is naturally cooled by the coolant cooled by the front-end cooling module.
  • the cabin needs heating
  • the battery needs heating (heat pump heating)
  • the electric drive needs cooling.
  • FIG. 15F exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in a mode in which the passenger compartment and the battery are heated at the same time.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output from the compressor exchanges heat with the first heat exchange pipe when passing through the second heat exchange pipe, thereby heating the cooling liquid in the first heat exchange pipe;
  • the refrigerant exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe through the third heat exchange pipe in the battery cooler;
  • the cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe passes through the nine-way valve in the front-end heat exchange module with the external environment Heat exchange occurs.
  • the high-temperature refrigerant liquid obtained after heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipeline passes through the nine-way valve and the passenger cabin water pump EWP_H, and is heated by the water heater and then flows into the heater core.
  • the passenger compartment air conditioner is turned on to the full heat mode (full heat mode is one of the heating modes, the full heat mode refers to heating the passenger compartment and the battery at the same time), so the passenger compartment air conditioner will first heat the ambient air through the heater core Then blow it into the passenger compartment to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the low-temperature cooling liquid in the fourth heat exchange pipe flows to the electric driver through the nine-way valve, and the electric driver is cooled by the cooling liquid cooled by the battery cooler and the front-end module.
  • a new pipeline is added to connect the outlet of the battery circuit of the nine-way valve and the HVAC circuit, as shown in the section from port 7 to P1 of the nine-way valve; and here A new one-way valve is added to the pipeline, as shown in V 1 ; the coolant can only flow from the nine-way valve to the HVAC circuit; and, in Example 4, a pipeline connecting the HVAC circuit and the battery circuit is added, as shown in the third example. As shown in the section T-valve to P 2 , the newly added three-way valve on this pipeline can control the flow.
  • the temperature control of the cabin HVAC circuit and the battery circuit can be achieved by controlling the water heater WTC and the three - way valve V1.
  • the coolant is driven by the cabin water pump EWP_H, warmed up by the water heater WTC, reaches the heater core HEX, and then reaches the condenser through the three-way valve T-valve.
  • the coolant heats up in the condenser and returns to the water pump EWP_H after passing through the nine-way valve.
  • the coolant is driven by the water pump EWP_B, and returns to the water pump EWP_B after passing through the battery and the nine-way valve. Since the cooling liquid can exchange a small amount of heat with the environment through the pipes of the circuit, when the battery temperature is low, the circulation of the cooling liquid in the battery circuit can help the battery exchange heat with the environment through the small circulation of the circuit.
  • the coolant flows to the three-way valve through the water pump EWP_H, the water heater WTC, and the heater core, and is divided into two branches through the output port d 32 and the output port d 33 of the three-way valve.
  • the state of the three-way valve determines the proportion of the coolant flowing to the condenser and the battery circuit through the two branches respectively.
  • the cooling liquid flows into the three-way valve through the input port d 31.
  • the cooling liquid flowing out of the heater core flows 100% to the condenser after passing through the three-way valve.
  • the three-way valve is configured to be 100% output through the output port d 33 , the coolant flowing out of the heater core flows 100% to the battery circuit after passing through the three-way valve; another example, when the three-way valve is configured When 30% is output through output port d 32 and 70% is output through output port d 33 , after the coolant flowing out of the heater core passes through the three-way valve, 30% of the coolant flows to the condenser, and 70% of the coolant flows to the battery circuit.
  • the coolant in the cabin circuit enters the battery circuit, passes through the water pump EWP_B, the battery, and the nine - way valve in sequence, then flows to the condenser through the newly added pipeline and check valve V1, and returns to the cabin water pump EWP_H after passing through the nine-way valve.
  • the solution described in the fourth embodiment of the present application can independently control the temperature of the cabin circuit or the battery circuit through the newly added pipeline.
  • heating can be prioritized for the cabin or battery based on the priority of the cabin and battery heating needs.
  • the solution provided in the fourth embodiment of the present application has the advantages of short heating loop, fast heating speed, and more accurate control of the heating temperature of the cabin and battery.
  • the cabin circuit and the battery circuit can be cycled independently.
  • the heating circuit of the fourth embodiment is shorter and the flow resistance is smaller.
  • the solution provided by the fourth embodiment has the advantage of faster heating.
  • the cooling liquid temperature required for cabin heating is higher than the cooling liquid temperature required for battery heating.
  • the temperature of the coolant in the heater core is in the range of 50°C to 60°C, while the temperature of the coolant required for battery heating is in the range of 30°C to 45°C. Therefore, in the solution provided in the fourth embodiment of the present application, the battery circuit can independently control the heating temperature through the three-way valve, so as to prevent the temperature of the cooling liquid from being too high and exceeding the temperature requirement range of the battery, thereby avoiding damage to the battery caused by high temperature.
  • the solution provided by the fourth embodiment of the present application can preheat the cabin and the battery after remotely waking up the vehicle in winter. At this time, the advantages of short circuit and fast heating are beneficial to make the cabin and battery reach the preset temperature more quickly in cold winter.
  • the solution provided in the fourth embodiment of the present application can supplement heat for the battery when the vehicle is running in winter.
  • the temperature of the battery may drop below the appropriate temperature range; at the same time, the passenger also has a heating demand for the cabin during the operation of the vehicle. Therefore, when the vehicle is running, the solution provided in the fourth embodiment of the present application can heat the battery during the process of heating the passenger compartment. At the same time, damage to the battery caused by the high temperature of the cooling water can also be avoided.
  • the solution provided by the fourth embodiment of the present application can preheat the battery before charging the battery.
  • preheating the battery in advance is beneficial to improve the charging efficiency. Therefore, when the vehicle is running, especially when running in winter, the solution provided by the fourth embodiment of the present application can more accurately heat the battery during the process of heating the passenger compartment.
  • the cabin has heating requirements
  • the battery temperature is averaged
  • the electric drive has cooling requirements.
  • Fig. 15G exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the passenger compartment alone.
  • the throttle valve EXV_B is opened, the throttle valve EXV_H is closed, and the evaporator Not working.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor passes through the second heat exchange pipeline and exchanges heat with the first heat exchange pipeline to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, which passes through the third heat-exchange pipeline for the fourth heat exchange.
  • the coolant in the pipes cools down and flows back to the compressor.
  • the high-temperature coolant obtained by heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipeline passes through the nine-way valve and the passenger cabin water pump EWP_H, and is heated by the water heater and then flows into the heater core.
  • the passenger compartment air conditioner turns on the heating mode, so the passenger compartment air conditioner will first heat the ambient air through the heater core and then blow it into the passenger compartment to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the controller can also adjust the heating effect of the passenger compartment by adjusting the power of the water heater WTC.
  • the high-temperature coolant flowing out of the heater core flows back to the water-cooled condenser.
  • the low-temperature coolant in the fourth heat exchange pipe passes through the nine-way valve and the front-end cooling module and flows to the electric drive to cool down the electric drive, and then flows back to the electric drive water pump EWP_P.
  • the passenger compartment is heated by the coolant heated by the third heat exchange pipe and/or the water heater, and the electric drive is cooled by the coolant cooled by the battery cooler.
  • the coolant in the battery circuit is driven by the battery water pump EWP_B, returns to the battery water pump EWP_B after passing through the battery and the nine-way valve, and conducts a small amount of heat exchange with the environment through the pipeline.
  • the solution provided in the fourth embodiment of the present application can be applied to the following scenarios: for example, the user sits in the passenger compartment of an electric vehicle in winter, but the ambient temperature is still within the range that the battery can bear.
  • the cabin can be heated independently by adjusting the thermal management system to M18 mode as described above.
  • the cabin is ventilated with no heating or cooling needs, the battery has heating needs, and the electric drive has cooling needs.
  • FIG. 15H exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the communication relationship of the thermal management system in the mode of heating the battery alone.
  • the throttle valve EXV_B is opened, the throttle valve EXV_H is closed, and the evaporator is not Work.
  • the coolant is driven by the cabin water pump EWP_H and enters the water heater WTC, and is heated by the water heater WTC and then flows into the heater core. After that, the cooling liquid passes through the first heat exchange pipe, and exchanges heat with the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant gas output from the compressor in the first heat exchange pipe and the second heat exchange pipe.
  • the high-temperature coolant obtained by heat exchange through the first heat exchange pipeline reaches the battery after passing through the nine-way valve and the battery water pump EWP_B, and returns to the cabin water pump EWP_H through the nine-way valve again.
  • the controller can also adjust the heating effect of the battery by adjusting the power of the water heater.
  • the low-temperature cooling liquid after heat exchange in the fourth heat exchange pipeline flows to the electric drive through the nine-way valve to cool the electric drive.
  • the battery is heated by the cooling liquid after heat exchange in the first heat exchange pipe and/or the cooling liquid heated by the water heater, and the electric drive is cooled by the cooling liquid cooled by the battery cooler.
  • the cabin needs to be heated and dehumidified, the battery needs to be cooled, and the electric drive needs to be cooled.
  • This mode is suitable for scenarios such as spring and autumn, long-term driving in winter, and charging idling in winter.
  • the air conditioner turns on the dehumidification mode, that is, the evaporator is used to cool down and dehumidify, and then the coolant heated by the water heater is heated.
  • the battery is dissipated by the coolant cooled by the battery cooler.
  • the electric drive system is dissipated by coolant from the cabin circuit and front-end module cooling.
  • the cabin is heated and dehumidified, the battery has no heating or cooling requirements, and the electric drive has a cooling requirement.
  • the air conditioner turns on the dehumidification mode, that is, the evaporator is used to cool down and dehumidify, and then the coolant heated by the water heater is heated.
  • the battery circuit is overheated or not working.
  • the electric drive circuit dissipates heat through the front-end heat dissipation module.
  • Integration method 1 adopts the method of total integration of onebox, including electronic driver unit (EDU), CTU (center thermal unit, CTU), IHU (indirect heat unit, IHU), and the compressor module is optional.
  • EDU is a controller and can be connected to a VDC (vehicle domain controller, VDC).
  • CTU includes: liquid-cooled condenser, battery cooler, electronic expansion valve, battery water pump, motor water pump, nine-way valve, liquid storage tank, water one-way valve, refrigerant substrate, and coolant substrate.
  • IHU includes: warm air three-way valve, PTC, warm air water pump.
  • CTU includes: liquid-cooled condenser, battery cooler, electronic expansion valve, battery water pump, motor water pump, nine-way valve, liquid storage tank, water one-way valve, refrigerant substrate, and coolant substrate.
  • IHU includes: heater three-way valve, PTC, heater pump.
  • the integration manner may also be the integration of the CTU and the IHU, which is not shown in this application.
  • Example 5 of the present application is modified as follows on the basis of Example 4 : 1.
  • a new parallel pipeline is added between the compressor outlet and the liquid storage tank, such as P4 to the liquid storage tank
  • the parallel pipeline between is shown, and the solenoid valve V 2 with adjustable opening, the indoor condenser Icond and the one-way valve V 3 are arranged in sequence on this section of pipeline; and the starting point of this parallel pipeline is at the compressor.
  • the termination point is between the water-cooled condenser (WCOND) and the liquid storage tank; 2.
  • a check valve V 4 is added after the water-cooled condenser (WCOND); 3.
  • An adjustable valve is added before the water-cooled condenser (WCOND). degree of solenoid valve V3 . Therefore, when the passenger compartment has a heating demand, V 3 can be closed, V 2 can be opened, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas output by the compressor can directly enter the indoor condenser (inner condenser), marked as Icond in the figure;
  • the HVAC system works to heat the air in the passenger compartment.
  • the fifth embodiment can directly use the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant output by the compressor Comp to release heat in the Icond to realize the heating function of the passenger compartment, without the need for refrigeration.
  • the coolant exchanges heat with the coolant in the water-cooled condenser, and then heats the passenger compartment through the heat release of the coolant in the heater core HEX.
  • the solution provided in the fifth embodiment has the advantages of short heating circuit, less heat exchange loss, and fast heating speed when heating the passenger compartment.
  • the fifth embodiment also has multiple working modes, including: simultaneous cooling of the passenger compartment and battery, separate cooling of the passenger compartment, and separate cooling of the battery , Natural cooling of battery, natural cooling of motor, simultaneous heating of passenger cabin and battery, separate heating of passenger cabin, separate heating of battery, heating and dehumidification + battery cooling, heating and dehumidification, etc.
  • simultaneous cooling of the passenger compartment and battery separate cooling of the passenger compartment
  • separate cooling of the battery separate cooling of the battery
  • Natural cooling of battery natural cooling of motor
  • simultaneous heating of passenger cabin and battery separate heating of passenger cabin
  • separate heating of battery heating and dehumidification + battery cooling, heating and dehumidification, etc.
  • the cooling liquid can be controlled to flow directly to each component of the electric drive system through the port 9 of the nine-way valve (bypassing the front-end cooling module) , its pipeline is shown in dotted line between port 9 and point P 0 in Fig. 15A to 15J and Fig. 19 .
  • thermal management system in this application can also be applied to any other vehicle that is driven and operated by an electric drive, and is not limited to an electric vehicle, which is not specifically limited in this application.

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Abstract

一种热管理系统及电动汽车,其中热管理系统包括集中设置的压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、阀体组件、第一水泵(11)、第二水泵(12)和第三水泵(13),该设置方式使各个元器件的安装位置更为紧凑,各个元器件之间能尽量具有较短的管路走线,从而不仅有助于减小热管理系统的占用空间,还能在液体沿着管路循环流动时减少液体的压力损耗,提升热管理系统的制冷效率或制热效率。并且,热管理系统还能够分别形成乘员舱的制冷环路、乘员舱的制热环路、电池的制冷环路、电池的制热环路和电驱器的制冷环路,从而能对乘员舱、电池和电驱器中的任意一个或任意多个进行制冷或制热,有助于灵活控制电动汽车中的各个位置的温度。

Description

一种热管理系统及电动汽车 技术领域
本申请涉及车联网技术领域,尤其涉及一种热管理系统及电动汽车。
背景技术
近年来,电动汽车在电力电子领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。电动汽车通过储存电能来实现续航和驾驶,从而用户直接在家即可实现充电等操作。相比于传统汽车来说,电动汽车不仅有利于保护环境,还不需要用户到加油站加油,从而有助于提高用户生活的便捷度。
用户在使用电动汽车时更倾向于能够获得更好的体验,例如用户希望乘员舱能够具有适宜的温度以提高用户的驾驶体验,用户还希望电池能够保持在一个合适的温度范围内,既不能让电池长时间处于低温状态而造成无意义的电量损耗,又不能让电池长时间处于高温状态以避免发生爆炸事故,影响人身安全。然而,目前对于电动汽车的热管理方面的研究还比较少。现阶段的电动汽车大都使用较多的元器件构成比较复杂的管路走线,但是却只能实现较少的温度模式,不仅成本高、体积大,在热管理方面的灵活性又不好。举例来说,目前有些电动汽车能够实现对电池或电驱器进行加热和冷却,但是却不能对乘员舱进行加热和冷却,这不利于提高用户的驾驶体验。目前还有些电动汽车只能同时加热内部的各种元器件,而无法实现每个部件的单独加热,但是有的情况下用户可能由于体质问题而与电池所需的加热或冷却相冲突,这时如果还对乘员舱进行加热,则不仅不会解决用户的问题还会使用户更热。
有鉴于此,现阶段对于电动汽车的热管理方面还需要进一步研究。
发明内容
本申请提供一种热管理系统及电动汽车,用以通过较少的元器件实现对电动汽车的热管理,并尽量使电动汽车能具有更多的温度模式。
第一方面,本申请实提供一种热管理系统,该热管理系统可以包括压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、阀体组件、第一水泵、第二水泵和第三水泵,水冷冷凝器可以包括第一换热管道和第二换热管道,电池冷却器可以包括第三换热管道和第四换热管道。其中,压缩机的输入端分别连接乘员舱空调箱中的蒸发器的输出端和第三换热管道的输出端,压缩机的输出端连接第二换热管道的输入端,第二换热管道的输出端分别连接蒸发器的输入端和第三换热管道的输入端。阀体组件的第一端可以通过第一管路连接阀体组件的第四端,第一管路上设置有第一换热管道、乘员舱空调箱中的暖风芯体和第一水泵。阀体组件的第二端可以通过第二管路连接阀体组件的第三端,第二管路上设置有第三换热管道。阀体组件的第五端可以通过第三管路连接阀体组件的第六端,第三管路上设置有第三水泵和电池。阀体组件的第七端可以通过第四管路分别连接阀体组件的第八端和阀体组件的第九端,第四管路上设置有第二水泵、电驱器和前端冷却模组中的冷却器。
在上述设计中,通过按照上述连接关系连接上述各个元器件,能够分别形成乘员舱的制冷环路、乘员舱的制热环路、电池的制冷环路、电池的制热环路和电驱器的制冷环路, 因此该方案还能通过控制这些部件实现对乘员舱、电池和电驱器中的任一个或任意多个的制冷或制热。当热管理系统设置在电动汽车时,这种方式能够以较少的元器件实现较多的温度模式,不仅能够节省成本,降低电动汽车的工艺复杂度,还有助于灵活控制电动汽车中的各个位置的温度。
在一种可选地设计中,热管理系统可以包括第一集成单元和第二集成单元,其中,阀体组件、第一水泵、第二水泵和第三水泵中的一项或多项可以集成在第一集成单元中,压缩机、水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器中的一项或多项可以集成在第二集成单元中。或者,热管理系统包括第三集成单元,压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、阀体组件、第一水泵、第二水泵和第三水泵中的一项或多项集成在第三集成单元中。该设计将热管理系统中的各个部件集成在集成单元中,从而能够通过模块化的方式进行热管理系统的安装,有助于提高部署的灵活性。
在一种可选地设计中,阀体组件可以为九通阀。在第一管路上,九通阀的第一端连接第一换热管道的输入端,第一换热管道的输出端连接暖风芯体的输入端,暖风芯体的输出端连接第一水泵的输入端,第一水泵的输出端连接九通阀的第四端。在第二管路上,九通阀的第二端连接第四换热管道的输出端,第四换热管道的输入端连接九通阀的第三端。在第三管路上,九通阀的第五端连接第三水泵的输出端,第三水泵的输入端连接电池的输出端,电池的输入端连接九通阀的第六端。在第四管路上,九通阀的第七端连接第二水泵的输出端,第二水泵的输入端连接电驱器的输出端,电驱器的输入端分别连接冷却器的输出端和九通阀的第八端,冷却器的输入端连接九通阀的第九端。该设计将热管理系统中的各个元器件(例如压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、阀体组件、第一水泵、第二水泵和第三水泵)集中部署在同一区域,从而使各个元器件的安装位置更为紧凑,各个元器件之间能尽量具有较短的管路走线,当液体沿着管路循环流动时,液体的压力损耗也能较少,从而有助于提高热管理系统的制冷效率或制热效率。更进一步的,使用九通阀作为阀体组件,不仅能够简化热管理系统的结构,提高阀体组件控制的便捷性,还有助于减小热管理系统所占用的空间。
在一种可选地设计中,阀体组件可以包括五通阀、四通阀和第一三通阀,五通阀的第一端连接四通阀的第三端。在第一管路上,五通阀的第一端连接第一换热管道的输入端,第一换热管道的输出端连接暖风芯体的输入端,暖风芯体的输出端连接第一水泵的输入端,第一水泵的输出端连接五通阀的第三端。在第二管路上,五通阀的第五端连接第四换热管道的输出端,第四换热管道的输入端连接四通阀的第一端。在第三管路上,四通阀的第二端连接电池的输出端,电池的输入端连接第三水泵的输出端,第三水泵的输入端连接五通阀的第四端。在第四管路上,第一三通阀的第一端连接第二水泵的输出端,第二水泵的输入端连接五通阀的第二端,第一三通阀的第三端连接冷却器的输入端,冷却器的输出端和第一三通阀的第二端分别连接电驱器的输入端,电驱器的输出端连接四通阀的第四端。该设计使用多个阀体来实现阀体组件,相比于九通阀来说,这些阀体属于功能更为简单的阀体,使用这些阀体的成本相对较低,也更容易获取。
在一种可选地设计中,这种热管理系统中还可以包括第二三通阀,第二三通阀的第一端连接第三水泵的输入端,第二三通阀的第二端连接五通阀的第一端,第二三通阀的第三端连接四通阀的第三端。通过该设计,阀体组件还能够通过第二三通阀构建电池循环环路和驾驶舱循环环路,在同时制冷电池和驾驶舱、或同时制热电池和驾驶舱的情况下,还能 分别通过这两个循环环路单独控制电池的温度和驾驶舱的温度,进一步提高热管理的灵活性。
在一种可选地设计中,热管理系统中还可以包括同轴设置的高压管和低压管,高压管和低压管用于换热。其中,高压管的输入端连接第二换热管道的输出端,高压管的输出端分别连接第三换热管道的输入端和蒸发器的输入端;低压管的输入端分别连接暖风芯体的输出端和第三换热管道的输出端,低压管的输出端连接压缩机的输入端。通过该设计,液体通过第一换热管道与第二换热管道进行初次换热后,还能够通过高压管与低压管实现二次换热,这种方式有助于进一步降低液体温度或进一步升高液体温度,从而有助于提高制冷效率或制热效率。
在一种可选地设计中,热管理系统还可以包括水加热器,水加热器的输入端连接第一换热管道的输出端,水加热器的输出端连接暖风芯体的输入端。如此,当第二换热管道输出的液体温度不能满足乘员舱或电池的加热需求时,还可以通过水加热器来进一步加热液体,提高制热效果。
在一种可选地设计中,热管理系统中还可以包括第一节流阀和第二节流阀。其中,第一节流阀的输入端和第二节流阀的输入端分别连接第二换热管道的输出端,第一节流阀的输出端连接第三换热管道的输入端,第二节流阀的输出端连接蒸发器的输入端。在该设计中,由于第一节流阀和第二节流阀分别位于不同的制冷剂环路中,因此热管理系统还可以通过第一节流阀和第二节流阀控制分别流入这两个制冷剂环路中的液体量,以使每个制冷剂环路中的制冷效果尽量满足用户需求。
在一种可选地设计中,热管理系统中还可以包括储液罐,储液罐设置在第二换热管道的输出端外侧,储液罐的输入端连接第二换热管道的输出端,储液罐的输出端连接阀体组件的第一端。如此,储液罐能够支持根据制冷效果或制热效果调整制冷剂环路中的液体量,例如在液体量减少时,储液罐可以自动存储更多的液体。
在一种可选地设计中,热管理系统中还可以包括气液分离器,气液分离器的输入端分别连接蒸发器的输出端和第三换热管道的输出端,气液分离器的输出端连接压缩机的输入端。该设计不仅可以使用气液分离器实现存储液体的功能,还能使用气液分离器将气液混合体中的液体留下,而只让气体流入压缩机,以提高压缩机的压缩效果。
在一种可选地设计中,热管理系统中还可以包括第一水壶和第二水壶,第一水壶的输入端连接暖风芯体的输出端,第一水壶的输出端连接第一水泵的输入端,第二水壶的输入端连接电驱器的输出端,第二水壶的输出端连接阀体组件的第七端。通过该设计,热管理系统还可以使用第一水壶和第二水壶过滤气体,而只让液体在各个环路中循环流动,以提高制冷效果或制热效果。
第二方面,本申请还提供一种电动汽车,该电动汽车可以包括控制器以及如上述第一方面任一项所述的热管理系统、乘员舱空调、电池、驱动器和前端冷却模组。其中,控制器可以与热管理系统中的各个阀连接,并能通过控制各个阀的导通和关断,实现如下模式中的任一模式:乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式、乘员舱单独冷却的模式、电池单独冷却的模式、电池冷却且乘员舱加热的模式、电池自然冷却的模式、驱动器自动冷却的模式、乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式、电池制热且乘员舱除湿的模式、乘员舱单独制热的模式、电池单独制热的模式、整车除湿的模式。通过该设计,电动汽车能够实现乘员舱、电池和驱动器中的一个或多个的制冷模式或制热模式的自由切换,有助于使电动汽车能满足各种用 户的不同需求,提高用户的驾驶体验。
本申请的这些方面或其他方面在以下实施例的描述中会更加简明易懂。
附图说明
图1A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种热管理系统的结构示意图;
图1B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的另一种热管理系统的结构示意图;
图2A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种阀件总成的集成方式示意图;
图2B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的另一种阀件总成的集成方式示意图;
图3A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种板换总成的集成方式示意图;
图3B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的另一种板换总成的集成方式示意图;
图3C示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的又一种板换总成的集成方式;
图4A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的又一种板换总成的集成方式示意图;
图4B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的又一种板换总成的集成方式示意图;
图4C示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的又一种板换总成的集成方式示意图;
图5A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种使用储液罐时的总集成方式示意图;
图5B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种使用气液分离器时的总集成方式示意图;
图6A示例性示出一种乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6B示例性示出一种乘员舱单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6C示例性示出一种电池单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6D示例性示出一种电池制冷且乘员舱加热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6E示例性示出一种电池自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6F示例性示出一种电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6G示例性示出一种乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6H示例性示出一种电池加热且乘员舱除湿的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6I示例性示出一种乘员舱单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6J示例性示出一种电池单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图6K示例性示出一种电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图7A示例性示出本申请实施例二提供的一种热管理系统的结构示意图;
图7B示例性示出本申请实施例二提供的另一种热管理系统的结构示意图;
图8示例性示出本申请实施例二提供的一种总集成方式示意图;
图9A示例性示出一种乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图9B示例性示出一种乘员舱单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图9C示例性示出一种电池单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图9D示例性示出一种电池自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图9E示例性示出一种电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图9F示例性示出一种乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图9G示例性示出一种乘员舱单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图9H示例性示出一种电池单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图10示例性示出本申请实施例三提供的一种热管理系统的结构示意图;
图11示例性示出本申请实施例三提供的一种总集成方式示意图;
图12A示例性示出一种乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图12B示例性示出一种乘员舱单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图12C示例性示出一种电池单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图12D示例性示出一种电池制冷且乘员舱加热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图12E示例性示出一种电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图12F示例性示出一种乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图12G示例性示出一种乘员舱单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图12H示例性示出一种电池单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图12I示例性示出一种除湿乘员舱的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图;
图13示例性示出该实施方式对应的一种热管理系统的内部爆炸视图;
图14示例性示出本发明实施例提供的一种热管理系统的外观结构图;
图15A示例性示出一种乘员舱冷却且电池冷却模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15B示例性示出一种乘员舱冷却且电池均温模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15C示例性示出一种乘员舱通风且电池冷却模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15D示例性示出一种乘员舱通风且电池自然冷却模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15E示例性示出一种电驱散热模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15F示例性示出一种乘员舱和电池同时加热模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15G示例性示出一种乘员舱加热且电池均温模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15H示例性示出一种乘员舱通风且电池加热模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15I示例性示出一种客舱采暖除湿且电池冷却模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图15J示例性示出一种乘员舱采暖除湿模式下的热管理系统连通关系示意图;
图16示例性示出一种热管理系统集成方式示意图;
图17示例性示出一种热管理系统中央集成模块的示意图;
图18示例性示出一种热管理系统间热模块的示意图;
图19示例性示出本申请实施例提供的另一种热管理系统的连通关系示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请中的热管理系统适用于电动汽车。电动汽车是一种使用电驱器驱动行驶的交通工具。电驱器例如可以包括电源分配单元(power distribution unit,PDU)、微控制单元(microcontroller unit,MCU)、映射调试上下文(Mapped Diagnostic Context,MDC)和马达等。现有的电动汽车上所使用的热管理系统中各个元器件之间的部署位置比较分散,导致管路走线较长,这使得液体在管路中循环流动时的压力损失较为严重,影响环路的制冷效果或制热效果。有鉴于此,本申请中的热管理系统集中部署热管理系统中的各个元器件,通过以较短的环路走线提高环路的制冷效果和制热效果,并进而实现对电动汽车中的乘员舱、电池和电驱器中的任一部件进行单独降温,以及 实现对电动汽车中的乘员舱、电池和电驱器中的任意两个或任意三个部件进行同时降温。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。需要说明的是,在本申请的描述中“至少一个”是指一个或多个,其中,多个是指两个或两个以上。鉴于此,本发明实施例中也可以将“多个”理解为“至少两个”。“和/或”,描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,字符“/”,如无特殊说明,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。另外,需要理解的是,在本申请的描述中,“第一”、“第二”等词汇,仅用于区分描述的目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性,也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
需要说明的是,本申请中的“连接”均是指通过管道连接,即下文中所出现的“连接”均可以替换为“通过管道连接”。且,下文中的“电池”可以理解为电池所在的管路。
实施例一
图1A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种热管理系统的结构示意图,如图1A所示,该热管理系统中可以包括压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、五通阀、四通阀、三通阀、第一水泵(11)、第二水泵(12)和第三水泵(13),水冷冷凝器可以包括第一换热管道和第二换热管道,电池冷却器可以包括第三换热管道和第四换热管道。其中,第一换热管道的输入端(a 11)分别连接五通阀的第一端(a 21)和四通阀的第三端(a 43),第一换热管道的输出端(a 12)连接乘员舱空调箱中的暖风芯体的输入端,暖风芯体的输出端连接水泵10的输入端,水泵10的输出端连接五通阀的第三端(a 23)。第二换热管道的输入端(a 13)连接压缩机的输出端,第二换热管道的输出端(a 14)分为两条支路,一条支路连接第三换热管道的输入端(a 31),进而由第三换热管路的输出端(a 32)回到压缩机的输入端,另一条支路连接乘员舱空调箱中的蒸发器的输入端,进而由蒸发器的输出端回到压缩机的输入端。第四换热管道的输入端(a 33)连接四通阀的第一端(a 41),第四换热管道的输出端(a 34)连接五通阀的第五端(a 25),五通阀的第二端(a 22)连接水泵11的输入端,水泵11的输出端通连接三通阀的第一端(a 51),三通阀的第二端(a 52)连接电驱器的输入端,三通阀的第三端(a 53)连接前端冷却模组中冷却器的输入端,冷却器的输出端也连接至电驱器的输入端。从而经由电驱器的输出端连接四通阀的第四端(a 44)。五通阀的第四端(a 24)连接水泵12的输入端,水泵12的输出端连接电池的输入端,电池的输出端连接四通阀的第二端(a 42)。
需要说明的是,图1A中各个部件的连接关系只是一种示例性的说明,位于同一个环路上的各个部件的位置也可以进行交换,而并不限定为图1A所示意的连接关系。例如图1A中的水泵11也可以设置在水壶16和四通阀的第四端a44之间,这种情况下,热管理系统的内部构成可以参照图1B所示,由于水泵11只是由图1A所示意的五通阀一端移动至图1B所示意的四通阀一端,所以这种位置交换对于方案的实施来说并没有本质的影响。下面以图1A所示意的热管理系统介绍方案的具体实现过程。
本申请实施例中,冷却器设置在前端冷却模组中,前端冷却模组中还设置有第一风扇(1),风扇1可以基于环境空气实现环境温度与冷却器的换热。因此,冷却器的换热具体可以包括升温或降温,例如冷却液在冬天时的温度比环境温度要低,因此前端冷却模组可 以基于环境温度升温冷却液,冷却液在夏天时的温度比环境温度要高,因此前端冷却模组还可以基于环境温度降温冷却液。为了便于理解,下文都以前端冷却模组只进行降温为例进行介绍,须知,这并不是限定前端冷却模组不能进行升温。本申请实施例中,蒸发器和暖风芯体设置在乘员舱空调箱中,乘员舱空调箱中还可以设置有第二风扇(2),风扇2可以直接将环境空气(既不降温也不升温)吹至乘员舱,也可以在吹出环境空气之前先经由蒸发器对空气环境进行降温,还可以在吹出环境空气之前先经由暖风芯体对空气进行升温。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图1A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括水加热器,水加热器的输入端连接第一换热管道的输出端a 12,水加热器的输出端连接暖风芯体的输入端。水加热器用于对流经水加热器的冷却液进行加热。当需要加热乘员舱时,如果暖风芯体吹出至乘员舱的暖风温度没有达到用户设置的温度,则还可以使用水加热器对第一换热管道输出的冷却液进行加热,这样,流至暖风芯体的冷却液具有更高温度,从而有助于提高吹出至乘员舱的暖风的温度,提高乘员舱的升温效果。如果暖风芯体吹出至乘员舱的暖风的温度合适,则可以直接关掉水加热器。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图1A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括至少一个节流阀,例如第一节流阀(13)和第二节流阀(14)。节流阀13的输入端和节流阀14的输入端分别连接第二换热管道的输出端a 14,节流阀13的输出端连接第三换热管道的输入端a 31,节流阀14的输出端连接蒸发器的输入端。节流阀用于控制输出液体的流量,当节流阀被完全关闭时,节流阀不输出液体。这种情况下,如果节流阀13被关闭,则第二换热管道换热得到的低温低压的制冷剂液体就无法通过节流阀13被传输给第三换热管道,第四换热管道也就无法与第三换热管道进行换热得到低温冷却液,因此,热管理系统无法通过制冷剂来制冷电池或电驱器。同样的,如果节流阀14被关闭,则第一换热管道换热得到的高温高压的制冷剂液体就无法通过节流阀14被传输给暖风芯体,因此,热管理系统无法通过制冷剂来加热乘员舱。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图1A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括储液罐,储液罐设置在第二换热管道的输出端外侧,储液罐的输入端与第二换热管道的输出端连接。储液罐用于在第一制冷剂环路和/或第二制冷剂环路中储存部分制冷剂液体。在降温过度时,热管理系统可以增加储液罐所储存的制冷剂,以减少第一制冷剂环路和/或第二制冷剂环路中参与流动的制冷剂,减低第一制冷剂环路和/或第二制冷剂环路的制冷能力,改善降温过度的问题。在降温不足时,热管理系统可以减少储液罐所储存的制冷剂,以增多第一制冷剂环路和/或第二制冷剂环路中参与流动的制冷剂,提高第一制冷剂环路和/或第二制冷剂环路的制冷能力,实现进一步降温。此外,当压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体进入第二换热管道后,如果第二换热管道的换热能力不够(例如制冷剂气体较多,而换来的热量无法对全部的制冷剂液体进行冷凝),则换热后得到的制冷剂液体中还可能会掺杂部分制冷剂气体,这种气液混合体如果直接被传输给第三换热管道,则还会影响第三换热管道对第四换热管道中的冷却液的冷却能力。为了解决这个问题,还可以将储液罐的输入端设置在罐体的上端,将储液罐的输出端设置在罐体的中间偏下,如此,当第二换热管道输出的气液混合体经过储液罐时,储液罐还能够过滤制冷剂气体,将尽可能多的制冷剂液体和尽可能少的制冷剂气体输出给第三换热管道,以提高电池冷却器的换热能力。
本申请实施例中,当蒸发器对制冷剂液体的蒸发能力不足(或者制冷剂液体的流速过 快还没来得及蒸发,或者蒸发得到的制冷剂气体在流动时遇冷凝结)时,蒸发器或第三换热管道输出的制冷剂气体中还可能掺杂有部分的制冷剂液体,这样不仅会影响压缩机的压缩效果,还可能会由于制冷剂液体的存在而影响到压缩机的寿命。因此,为了解决这个问题,在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图1A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括气液分离器,气液分离器的输入端分别连接蒸发器的输出端和第三换热管道的输出端,气液分离器的输出端连接压缩机的输入端,气液分离器用于对蒸发器和/或第三换热管道输出的制冷剂进行气液分离,并将制冷剂气体流入压缩机,将制冷剂液体储在气液分离器的内部。这种方式一方面能使压缩机接收到纯净的制冷剂气体(此处的纯净是指不掺杂有制冷剂液体),在不影响压缩机的寿命的条件下尽量提高压缩机的压缩效果,另一方面还能通过存储制冷剂液体来调节制冷剂环路的制冷效果。示例性地,由于气液分离装置和储液罐都能起到储存制冷剂液体的作用,因此热管理系统可以只设置有气液分离装置或只设置有储液罐,而不用同时设置这两个部件,以降低热管理系统的成本。当只设置储液罐时,如果还想让压缩机接收纯净的制冷剂气体,则可以通过调节节流阀13和节流阀14的流量让流至蒸发器和第三换热管道的制冷剂液体尽量少,以保证流过的制冷剂液体全部被蒸发掉,这样蒸发器和第三换热管道输出的制冷剂气体中就不再有残留的制冷剂液体。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图1A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括至少一个水壶,例如第一水壶(15)和第二水壶(16)。水壶15的输入端可以连接暖风芯体的输出端,水壶15的输出端可以连接水泵10的输入端。水壶16的输入端可以连接电驱器的输出端,水壶16的输出端可以连接四通阀的第四端a 44。水壶是一种上方开口的容器,水壶的输入端位于水壶的上方,水壶的输出端则位于水壶的下方,当气液混合物质经由水壶的输入端进入水壶时,气液混合物质中的液体会由于重力作用流入至水壶的下端从而在水壶的输出端流出,而气液混合物质中的气体则被留在水壶中,因此,壶实际上相当于一个净化液体(使液体里不掺杂气体)的部件。这种情况下,水壶15和水壶16都设置在冷却液环路中,因此水壶15和水壶16能够净化冷却液环路中的冷却液液体,当冷却液液体越纯净,则冷却液环路的调温效果也就越好。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图1A所示,为了获知热管理系统中各关键位置处的实际温压情况,以确定下一步是否需要调节温控效果,热管理系统中还可以在各关键位置处设置温压感应器,例如温压传感器P 10、温压传感器P 11、温压传感器P 12和温压传感器P 13。其中,温压传感器P 10设置在压缩机的出气口,用于检测压缩机输出的制冷剂的温度和压力。温压传感器P 11设置在第三换热管道的出气口,用于检测电池冷却器的温度和压力。温压传感器P 12设置在电驱器的入水口,用于检测电驱器的温度和压力。温压传感器P 13设置在电池的入水口,用于检测电池的温度和压力。应理解,上述示意出的关键位置只是示例性地说明,本申请并不限定只有这些关键位置。
根据上述内容可知,本申请实施例一尽量将热管理系统中的各个元器件部署在同一区域,这使得各个元器件的安装位置更为紧凑,各个元器件之间能具有较短的管路走线,从而不仅有助于减小热管理系统的占用空间,还能在液体沿着管路循环流动时减少液体的压力损耗,提升热管理系统的制冷效率或制热效率。
本申请实施例中,热管理系统中的各个部件还可以按照集成方式进行模块化设计。模块化设计是指将功能类似或结构类似的部件(也可以为随意选择的部件)集成在一起构成模块,这样不仅有助于减小占用空间,还能够利用模块完成自由组合,提高设计的灵活性。 实现模块化设计的方案有多种,例如:
在一种可选地实施方式中,可以将热管理系统中的各个阀件集成在第一集成单元(称为阀件总成)中。阀件部件是指能够控制液体流动与否的部件。各个阀件可以包括五通阀、三通阀、四通阀、水泵10、水泵11、水泵12、水壶15和水壶16中的至少两项。下面示例性介绍两种可能的阀件总成的集成方式。
图2A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种阀件总成的集成方式示意图,如图2A所示,该种集成方式将五通阀、三通阀、水泵10、水泵11和水泵12集成在第一集成单元中。
图2B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的另一种阀件总成的集成方式示意图,如图2B所示,该种集成方式将五通阀、三通阀、水泵10、水泵11水泵12、四通阀、水壶15和水壶16集成在阀件总成中。这种方式下的阀件总成比图3A中的方式集成的部件更多,所以结构更轻巧。
在一种可选地实施方式中,还可以将热管理系统中的各个板换部件集成在第二集成单元(称为板换总成)中。板换部件是指能够执行换热操作的部件。各个板换部件可以包括水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器,或者还可以包括水加热器或压缩机。可理解的,当热管理系统中包括储液罐时,由于储液罐直接设置在水冷冷凝器的一侧端口处,所以储液罐也可以直接被集成在板换总成中。对应的,由于节流阀13设置在电池冷却器的端口一侧,所以节流阀13也可以直接被集成在板换总成中。此外,为了便于检测每个板换部件的换热情况,还可以将板换部件所对应的一些温压传感器也集成在板换总成中。
当热管理系统中包括储液罐时,板换总成可以按照如下方式进行集成。
图3A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种板换总成的集成方式示意图,如图3A所示,该种集成方式将水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器集成在板换总成中,水冷冷凝器的端口一侧所设置的储液罐以及电池冷却器的一侧端口所设置的节流阀13也可以集成在板换总成中,且水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器(P x1)。
图3B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的另一种板换总成的集成方式示意图,如图3B所示,该种集成方式将水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器和水加热器集成在板换总成中,水冷冷凝器的端口一侧所设置的储液罐以及电池冷却器的一侧端口所设置的节流阀13也可以集成在板换总成中,且水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器P x1
图3C示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的又一种板换总成的集成方式,如图3C所示,该种集成方式将水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、水加热器和压缩机集成在板换总成中,水冷冷凝器的端口一侧所设置的储液罐以及电池冷却器的一侧端口所设置的节流阀13也可以集成在板换总成中,且水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器P x1,水冷冷凝器和压缩机的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器(P x2),压缩机和电池冷却器的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器(P x3)。
当热管理系统中包括气液分离器时,板换总成可以按照如下方式集成。
图4A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的又一种板换总成的集成方式示意图,如图4A所示,该种集成方式将水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器集成在板换总成中,电池冷却器的一侧端口所设置的节流阀13也可以集成在板换总成中,且水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器P x1
图4B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的又一种板换总成的集成方式示意图,如图4B所示,该种集成方式将水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器和水加热器集成在板换总成中,电池冷却 器的一侧端口所设置的节流阀13也可以集成在板换总成中,且水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器P x1
图4C示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的又一种板换总成的集成方式示意图,如图4C所示,该种集成方式将水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、水加热器、压缩机和气液分离器集成在板换总成中,电池冷却器的一侧端口所设置的节流阀13也可以集成在板换总成中,且水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器P x1,水冷冷凝器和压缩机的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器(P x2),压缩机和电池冷却器的连接管道上还可以集成温压传感器(P x3)。
应理解,热管理系统也可以将各个板换部件集成在板换总成中,并将各个阀件集成在阀件总成中,这样,热管理系统中同时包括板换总成和阀件总成。当包括阀件总成和板件总成时,热管理系统可以按照上述任一种阀件总成和任一种板件总成的组合进行集成,此处不再赘述。
在又一种可选地实施方式中,还可以将热管理系统中的各个板换部件和各个阀件同时集成在同一个元件总成中,各个板换部件可以包括水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、水加热器、压缩机和气液分离器中的一项或多项,各个阀门部件可以包括五通阀、三通阀、四通阀、水泵10、水泵11、水泵12、水壶15和水壶16中的一项或多项。图5A示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种使用储液罐时对应的总集成方式示意图,图5B示例性示出本申请实施例一提供的一种使用气液分离器时对应的总集成方式示意图。这种方式将全部的板换部件和全部的阀门部件集成在一个集成单元中,从而结构更为紧凑,占据空间更小。
在上述几种实施方式中,通过对电动汽车前舱中的各个部件(不含前端冷却模组)进行集成,不仅有助于减小热管理系统的结构复杂度,降低占用空间,还能通过这种紧凑的结构安排使各个部件之间的走线变短,从而有助于解决现阶段的电动汽车中热管理系统的元器件安装位置发散和管路过长的问题,当冷却液或制冷剂在这种短的循环链路中循环流动时,冷却液或制冷剂在循环流动过程中的压力损失变小,从而还有助于提升制冷剂回路的效率。此外,这种集成方式可以做成模块化的部件,从而还便于维护和携带。
下面先示例性介绍根据图1A所示意的热管理系统所能形成的几种环路:
第一制冷剂环路,该环路中预置有制冷剂,例如氟利昂。该环路中的制冷剂气体在压缩机处被压缩为高温高压的制冷剂气体,然后依次经由第二换热管道和第三换热管道后回到压缩机。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道进行换热处理后得到低温的制冷剂液体(对应的第一换热管道换热后得到高温冷却液),该低温的制冷剂液体进而流入第三换热管道,在第三换热管道中与第四换热管道进行换热处理后得到高温的制冷剂气体(对应的第四换热管道换热后得到低温冷却液)。
第二制冷剂环路,该环路中同样预置有制冷剂,且该环路中的制冷剂与第一制冷剂环路中的制冷剂是共享的,假设不考虑存在存储制冷剂的情况,则当分配给第一制冷剂环路的制冷剂较多时,分配给第二制冷剂环路中的制冷剂就较少。该环路中的制冷剂在压缩机处被压缩为高温高压的制冷剂气体,然后依次第二换热管道和蒸发器后回到压缩机。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道进行换热处理后得到低温的制冷剂液体(对应的第一换热管道换热后得到高温冷却液),该低温的制冷剂液体进而流入蒸发器进行蒸发吸热,在乘员舱空调开启制冷模式时,乘员舱空调会先基于蒸发器的蒸发吸热对周围的环境空气进行降温,之后再将降温后的环境空气吹到乘员舱中,这 时蒸发器会换热得到高温的制冷剂气体,之后流回压缩机。可知,第二制冷剂环路能够用于通过制冷剂降温乘员舱。
第一冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液,例如水和乙醇的混合液体。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵12带动运行,并依次经由电池、四通阀的第二端a 42、四通阀的第一端a 41、第四换热管道、五通阀的第五端a 25和五通阀的第四端a 24后回到水泵12。在第一制冷剂环路导通的情况下,第四换热管道能够换热得到低温冷却液,低温冷却液在第一冷却液环路中循环流动,从而降温电池。在第一制冷剂环路关断的情况下,第四换热管道无法进行换热操作,因此常温冷却液在第一冷却液环路中循环流动。
第二冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵12带动运行,并依次经由电池、四通阀的第二端a 42、四通阀的第一端a 41、第四换热管道、五通阀的第五端a 25、五通阀的第二端a 22、水泵11、三通阀的第一端a 51、三通阀的第二端a 52、电驱器、四通阀的第四端a 44、四通阀的第三端a 43、五通阀的第一端a 21和五通阀的第四端a 24后回到水泵12。在第一制冷剂环路导通的情况下,第四换热管道能够换热得到低温冷却液,低温冷却液在第二冷却液环路中循环流动,从而降温电池和电驱器。在第一制冷剂环路断开的情况下,第四换热管道无法进行换热操作,因此常温冷却液在第一冷却液环路中循环流动。
第三冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵12带动运行,并依次经由电池、四通阀的第二端a 42、四通阀的第一端a 41、第四换热管道、五通阀的第五端a 25、五通阀的第二端a 22、水泵11、三通阀的第一端a 51、三通阀的第三端a 53、冷却器、电驱器、四通阀的第四端a 44、四通阀的第三端a 43、五通阀的第一端a 21和五通阀的第四端a 24后回到水泵12。第三冷却液环路与第二冷却液环路很相似,只是第二冷却液环路中的冷却液流经三通阀后直接传输给电驱器,而第三冷却液环路中的冷却液流经三通阀后还要经过前端冷却模组继续冷却后才传输给电驱器,因此,无论第一制冷剂环路是否导通,第三冷却液环路都能够同时降温电池和电驱器。只是在第一制冷剂环路导通的情况下,第三冷却液环路中的冷却液先经由第四换热管道进行初次换热降温,再经由前端冷却模组进行二次降温,因此降温效果更好。而在第一制冷剂环路关闭的情况下,第三冷却液环路中的冷却液只经由前端冷却模组进行降温,因此实际上是基于环境温度自然降温电池和电驱器。
应理解,第二冷却液环路和第三冷却液环路也可以构成同一个冷却液环路,只要让三通阀的a 51端流入的冷却液同时从三通阀的a 52端和三通阀的a 52端流出即可。当这两个支路上的冷却液量不同时,降温效果也不同。
第四冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵11带动运行,并依次经由三通阀的第一端a 51、三通阀的第三端a 53、冷却器、电驱器、四通阀的第四端a 44、四通阀的第三端a 43、五通阀的第一端a 21和五通阀的第二端a 22后回到水泵11。这种情况下,该环路中的冷却液经由前端冷却模组降温后流动至电驱器,从而自然冷却电驱器。如果电驱器的温度过低,则水泵11输出的冷却液也可以一部分通过三通阀传输给电驱器,另一部分通过三通阀和冷却器传输给电驱器,这样两个分支中的冷却液汇合得到的冷却液温度升高,从而有助于缓和对电驱器的降温效果。
第五冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵11带动运行,并依次经由三通阀的第一端a 51、三通阀的第二端a 52(或者还可以另一个支路经由冷却器)、 电驱器、四通阀的第四端a 44、四通阀的第一端a 41、第四换热管道、五通阀的第五端a 25和五通阀的第二端a 22后回到水泵11。当第一制冷剂环路导通时,该环路中的冷却液先经由前端冷却模组进行初次降温,再经由第四换热管道二次降温,从而能够通过制冷剂(或者和前端共同)降温电驱器。当第一制冷剂环路关闭时,该环路中的冷却液只经由前端冷却模组进行降温,虽然也能够自然降温电驱器,但是这种降温要经过比第四冷却液环路更多的管道,从而损耗比第四冷却液环路大,降温效果不如第四冷却液环路好。
第六冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵10带动运行,并依次经由五通阀的第三端a 23、五通阀的第二端a 22、水泵11、三通阀的第一端a 51、三通阀的第三端a 53、冷却器、电驱器、四通阀的第四端a 44、四通阀的第三端a 43、第一换热管道、暖风芯体后回到水泵10。这种情况下,第六冷却液环路中的冷却液可以经过前端冷却模组进行降温。在第二制冷剂环路导通的情况下,第二制冷剂环路(通过制冷剂降温)作为降温乘员舱的主降温环路,第六冷却液环路(通过冷却液降温)作为降温乘员舱的辅降温环路,两者共同降温乘员舱,且还能通过冷却液自然降温电驱器。在第二制冷剂环路关闭的情况下,第六冷却液环路通过冷却液自然降温乘员舱和电驱器。
第七冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵10带动运行,并依次经由五通阀的第三端a 23、五通阀的第一端a 21、第一换热管道、暖风芯体后流回水泵10。在第一制冷剂环路导通的情况下,第一换热管道可以换热得到高温冷却液,该高温的冷却液传输至暖风芯体,以便于处于制热模式时下的乘员舱空调先使用暖风芯体对空气进行升温再吹出暖风。在第一制冷剂环路和第二制冷剂环路同时导通的情况下,第二换热管道换热得到的低温的制冷剂经由蒸发器进行蒸发吸热,且第一换热管道能换热得到高温的冷却液经由暖风芯体,当乘员舱空调处于除湿模式时,乘员舱空调可以先对环境空气进行降温除湿,之后再对降温除湿后的环境空气进行升温,从而实现除湿乘员舱的功能。
第八冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵12带动运行,并依次经由电池、四通阀的第二端a 42、四通阀的第三端a 43、第一换热管道、暖风芯体、水泵10、五通阀的第三端a 23和五通阀的第四端a 24后流回水泵12。在第一制冷剂环路导通的情况下,第一换热管道可以换热得到高温冷却液,该高温冷却液传输至暖风芯体,当只需要加热电池而不需要加热乘员舱时,风扇2可以直接将环境空气吹向乘员舱而不用先经过暖风芯体加热。这种情况下,高温冷却液经由水泵10和水泵12流至电池,从而单独升温电池。当需要同时加热电池和乘员舱,则风扇2可以先使用暖风芯体加热空气再将加热后的空气吹到乘员舱中,如果这个过程中热量没有耗费很多,则剩余热量的冷却液还会经由水泵10和水泵12流至电池,从而同时升温乘员舱和电池。但是这种情况实际上是使用乘员舱升温之后残留的冷却液为电池升温,所以电池的升温效果可能不是很好。
第九冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵12带动运行,并依次经由电池、四通阀的第二端a 42、四通阀的第三端a 43、第一换热管道、暖风芯体流至水泵10,之后一个分支经由五通阀流回水泵12,另一个分支依次经由五通阀汇入第一换热管道。在第一制冷剂环路导通的情况下,当需要同时加热电池和乘员舱,则风扇2可以使用暖风芯体对空气加热后再将加热后的空气吹到乘员舱中,这样流出的一部分冷却液会继续给电池升温。同时,流出的另一部分冷却液直接用于传输到第一换热管道中进行循环。这样,即使电池升温后使得后续环路中的另一部分冷却液温度没有那么高,也能够使用前一部分的高温的冷却液进行补足,从而有助于提高对电池和乘员舱同时升温的升温效 果。
第十冷却液环路,该环路中预置有冷却液。该环路中的冷却液经由水泵12带动运行,并依次经由电池、四通阀的第二端a 42、四通阀的第一端a 41、第四换热管道、五通阀、暖风芯体流至水泵10,之后一个分支经由五通阀流回水泵12,另一个分支经由五通阀流至第一换热管道,参与整个循环。第十冷却液环路也能实现同时升温电池和乘员舱的功能。
应理解,上述只是示例性介绍几种可能的环路,热管理系统还可以形成更多环路,此处不再一一介绍。
下面基于上述几种环路,示例性介绍本申请实施例一中的热管理系统所能实现的一些模式。本申请实施例中,电动汽车中还可以设置控制器,热管理系统中的各个阀件的控制端、各个水泵的控制端以及各个温压传感器的输出端还可以连接控制器。控制器不仅可以通过控制各个阀件和各个水泵来实现不同的温度模式,还可以在控制的过程中从各个温压传感器的输出端获取各关键位置处的温度和压力,根据各关键位置处的温度和压力判断当前的温度和压力是否满足当前温度模式的需求,如果不满足,则可以进行实时调节,以尽量将温度和压力调节至当前温度模式上。
M10,乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式。
图6A示例性示出一种在乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6A所示,在M10模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通五通阀的第四端a 24与五通阀的第五端a 25,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第二端a 42,连通四通阀的第三端a 43与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第三端a 53,并打开节流阀13和节流阀14,启动水泵10、水泵11和水泵12。这种情况下,第一制冷剂环路、第二制冷剂环路、第一冷却液环路和第六冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体一个支路(即第二制冷剂环路)传输至蒸发器蒸发吸热,此时乘员舱空调可以设置为全冷模式,从而乘员舱空调会先使用蒸发器降温空气再吹到乘员舱中。该低温低压的制冷剂液体另一个支路(即第一制冷剂环路)在第三换热管道上为第四换热管道中的冷却液降温得到低温低压的冷却液,该低温低压的冷却液(在第一冷却液环路中循环流动)依次经由五通阀和水泵12流至电池,从而为电池降温。水泵10带动的冷却液(在第六冷却液环路中循环流动)还经过前端冷却模块进行自然降温后冷却电驱器,之后传输至暖风芯体,但是由于乘员舱空调可以设置为全冷模式,水加热器未启动,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生较大影响。
在一种可选地实施方式中,控制器还可以实时或周期获取乘员舱空调箱出风口的温度和温压传感器P 13采集到的电池进水口的数据,以确定出乘员舱温度和电池温度。当乘员舱温度或电池温度中存在一项不满足M10模式的需求时,控制器可以调节节流阀13和节流阀14的开度来改变两个制冷剂环路上的制冷剂量,以调节乘员舱温度和电池温度。例如,假设M10模式下规定乘员舱温度不超过为28度、电池温度不超过30度,则当检测到的乘员舱温度超过28度时,控制器可以增大节流阀14的开度,以使更多的制冷剂液体流过蒸发器(通过储液罐或气液分离装置自动改变所储存的制冷剂液体的量来实现),提高蒸发器的降温效果,加大对乘员舱的降温效果。当检测到的电池温度超过30度时,控制器可以增大节流阀13的开度,以使更多的制冷剂液体流过第三换热管道,降低第四换热 管道中的冷却液的温度,加大对电池的降温效果。示例性地,在无法同时满足调节乘员舱温度和电池温度的需求时,可以优先满足电池温度的需求。例如在当前储液罐或气液分离装置中已不存在制冷剂液体的情况下,全部的制冷剂都在这两个制冷剂环路中流动,这种情况下,如果检测到乘员舱温度超过28度且电池温度超过30度,则可以增大节流阀13的开度并减小节流阀14的开度,以保证电池不会过热,保证电动汽车和用户的安全。
本申请实施例中,M10模式所适用的场景例如为:用户在夏天驾驶电动车。这种场景下,乘员舱和电池的温度可能都很高。电池过热可能会引发电池爆炸等事故,影响用户的身心安全。而乘员舱过热则会降低用户的体验,例如如果用户长时间处于过热的环境则可能会中暑。因此,通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M10模式所满足的连通关系,能够同时制冷乘员舱和电池,以在保证安全的情况下尽量提高用户的体验。
M11,乘员舱单独制冷的模式。
图6B示例性示出一种在乘员舱单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6B所示,在M11模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通四通阀的第三端a 43与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第三端a 53,打开节流阀14,关闭节流阀13(电池冷却器默认处于休眠模式,当节流阀13关闭时,没有制冷剂流经电池冷却器,所以电池冷却器不工作),并启动水泵10和水泵11。这种情况下,第二制冷剂环路和第六冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第二制冷剂环路传输至蒸发器为乘务室降温,此时乘务室中的空调设置为全冷模式。水泵10带动的冷却液经由第六冷却液环路流至前端冷却模块进行自然降温后冷却电驱器,之后传输至暖风芯体。但是由于乘员舱空调设置为全冷模式,水加热器未启动,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生较大影响。
在一种可选地实施方式中,控制器还可以实时或周期获取乘员舱空调箱出风口的温度,以确定出乘员舱温度。当乘员舱温度高于M11模式所规定的温度时,控制器可以增大节流阀14的开度并调大压缩机的转速,如此,压缩机会压缩得到更高压更高温的制冷剂气体,该制冷剂气体经过水冷冷凝器会得到更多的制冷剂液体,进而经过开度变大的节流阀14后,会有更多的制冷剂液体进入蒸发器,从而有助于增大蒸发器对乘员舱的制冷效果。当乘员舱温度低于M11模式所规定的温度时,控制器可以调小节流阀14的开度并调小压缩机的转速,以降低对乘员舱的制冷效果,避免对用户造成不适。应理解,M11模式下由于只需要制冷乘员舱而不需要制冷电池,因此第二制冷剂环路中流经的制冷剂的量只需要满足乘员舱制冷的需求即可,无需设置太多,以避免浪费。
本申请实施例中,M11模式所适用的场景例如为:用户在夏天进入乘员舱驾驶电动车之前,常常需要先将乘员舱的温度降下来。这种场景下,乘员舱的温度很高,但电池由于一直没有启动所以温度不高。因此,通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M11模式所满足的连通关系,能够单独制冷乘员舱,这种方式在满足用户需求的情况下,还有助于节省电量,提高电动汽车的续航能力。
M12,电池单独制冷的模式。
图6C示例性示出一种在电池单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6C所示,在M12模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通五通阀的第四端a 24与五通阀的第五端a 25,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第二端 a 42,连通四通阀的第三端a 43与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第三端a 53,打开节流阀13,关闭节流阀14(从而蒸发器不工作),并启动水泵10、水泵11和水泵12。这种情况下,第一制冷剂环路、第一冷却液环路和第六冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第一制冷剂环路在第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液降温得到低温低压的冷却液,该低温低压的冷却液在第一冷却液环路上循环流动,经由五通阀和水泵10后传输至电池,从而为电池降温。水泵10带动的冷却液经由第六冷却液环路流至前端冷却模块进行自然降温后冷却电驱器,之后传输至暖风芯体。但是由于乘员舱空调未开启,水加热器未启动,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生较大影响。
在一种可选地实施方式中,控制器还可以实时或周期获取电池进水口的温度,以确定出电池温度。当电池温度高于M12模式所规定的温度时,控制器可以增大节流阀13的开度并调大压缩机的转速,如此,压缩机会压缩得到更高压更高温的制冷剂气体,该制冷剂气体经过水冷冷凝器会得到更多的制冷剂液体,进而经过开度变大的节流阀13后,会有更多的制冷剂液体进入电池冷却器,从而有助于增大第三换热管道对第四换热管道中冷却水的制冷效果,进而增大对电池的制冷效果。当乘员舱温度低于M12模式所规定的温度时,控制器可以调小节流阀13的开度并调小压缩机的转速,以降低对电池的制冷效果,避免对用户造成不适。应理解,M12模式下由于只需要制冷电池而不需要制冷乘员舱,因此第一制冷剂环路中流经的制冷剂的量只需要满足电池制冷的需求即可,无需设置太多,以避免浪费。
本申请实施例中,M12模式所适用的场景例如为:用户在春秋季节驾驶电动汽车。这种场景下,乘员舱的温度比较适宜,但电池由于一直处于提供电量所以温度可能较高。因此,通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M12模式所满足的连通关系,能够单独制冷电池,有助于避免电池过热,保证用户的安全。
M13,电池制冷且乘员舱加热的模式。
图6D示例性示出一种在电池制冷且乘员舱加热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6D所示,在M13模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第一端a 21与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通五通阀的第四端a 24与五通阀的第五端a 25,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第二端a 42,连通四通阀的第三端a 43与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第三端a 52,打开节流阀13,关闭节流阀14(从而蒸发器不工作),启动水加热器,并启动水泵10、水泵11和水泵12。这种情况下,第一制冷剂环路、第一冷却液环路、第六冷却液环路和第七冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体(由第六冷却液环路和第七冷却液环路一起汇入第二换热管道的冷却液来决定),该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第一制冷剂环路中的第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液降温得到低温低压的冷却液,该低温低压的冷却液在第一冷却液环路上循环流动传输至电池,从而为电池降温。水泵10输出的冷却液在一个支路上经由第七冷却液环路传输至水加热器,由水加热器加热后将高温冷却液传输至暖风芯体,乘员舱空调箱开启全热模式,因此空调先经由暖风芯体加热空气再吹出暖风。水泵10输出的冷却液在另一个支路上经第六冷却液环路冷却电驱器。示例性地,控制器还可以实时获取温压传感器P 12采集到的 电驱器进水口的温度,以确定电驱器温度,当电驱器温度高于电驱器的预期温度时,使三通阀的第一端a 51分别连通三通阀的第二端a 52和三通阀的第三端a 53,如此,第六冷却液环路中的冷却液在三通阀处分为两个分支,一个直接流至电驱器,另一个经由前端冷却模组降温后流至电驱器,通过汇合两路冷却液,提高对电驱器的降温能力。
在一种可选地实施方式中,控制器还可以实时或周期获取乘员舱出风口的温度,以确定出乘员舱温度。当乘员舱温度低于M13模式所规定的温度时,控制器可以分配给水加热器更大的功率以提高水加热器的加热效果,促使乘员舱升温。当乘员舱温度高于M13模式所规定的温度时,控制器可以分配给水加热器更小的功率以降低水加热器的加热效果,避免乘员舱温度过高。且,控制器还可以通过调节节流阀13的开度和压缩机的转速来使电池进水温度达到预期,具体调节方式参照上述内容,此处不再赘述。应理解,M13模式下只需要制冷电池而不需要制冷乘员舱,因此第一制冷剂环路中流经的制冷剂的量只需要满足电池制冷的需求即可。
本申请实施例中,M13模式所适用的场景例如为:用户在冬季驾驶电动汽车快速移动,或者驾驶电动汽车上坡。这种场景下,乘员舱受到外界环境的影响导致温度较低,但快速移动或上坡又会耗费较多的电量,导致电池温度较高。因此,通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M13模式所满足的连通关系,能够在加热乘员舱的同时制冷电池,这样不仅有助于提高用户的舒适感,还能避免电池过热,保证用户的安全。
M14,电池自然冷却的模式。
图6E示例性示出一种在电池自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6E所示,在M14模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第一端a 21与五通阀的第四端a 24,连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第五端a 25,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第二端a 42,连通四通阀的第三端a 43与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第三端a 53,关断节流阀13和节流阀14(从而蒸发器和电池冷却器不工作),关闭水加热器,并启动水泵11和水泵12。这种情况下,第三冷却液环路导通。第三冷却液环路中的冷却液先流至前端冷却模组由自然环境中的温度进行冷却后,依次流至电驱器和电池以冷却电驱器和电池。
本申请实施例中,M14模式所适用的场景例如为:为电动汽车充电。这种场景下,电池充电虽然会有点发热,但是这种发热是属于出厂设置规定的安全现象。因此,通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M14模式所满足的连通关系,能够只使用前端冷却模块自然冷却电池,而不需要启动压缩机来强力降温电池,从而更为省电。
M15,电机自然冷却的模式。
图6F示例性示出一种在电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6F所示,在M15模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第一端a 21与五通阀的第二端a 22,连通四通阀的第三端a 43与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第三端a 53,关断节流阀13和节流阀14(从而蒸发器和电池冷却器不工作),关闭水加热器,并启动水泵11。这种情况下,第四冷却液环路导通。第四冷却液环路中的冷却液先流至前端冷却模组由自然环境中的温度进行冷却后,流至电驱器以冷却电驱器。
本申请实施例中,M15模式所适用的场景例如为:驾驶电动汽车的过程中刹车。这种场景下,刹车可能会使电驱器制动产热,且这种发热短时间内就结束了,不需要强力降温。因此,通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M15模式所满足的连通关系,能够只使用前 端冷却模块自然冷却电驱器,而不需要启动压缩机来强力降温电驱器,从而更为省电。
M16,乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式。
图6G示例性示出一种在乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6G所示,在M16模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第一端a 21与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第五端a 25,连通五通阀的第三端a 23与五通阀的第四端a 24,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通四通阀的第二端a 42与四通阀的第三端a 43,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第二端a 52,打开节流阀13,关断节流阀14(从而蒸发器不工作),打开水加热器,并启动水泵10、水泵11和水泵12。这种情况下,第一制冷剂环路、第五冷却液环路和第九冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道与第四换热管道中的冷却液进行换热操作然后流回压缩机。乘员舱空调开启全热模式,经由水加热器加热后的冷却液传输给暖风芯体,从而加热乘员舱,之后流入水泵10。而水泵10流出的冷却液经过五通阀后,一个分支经由水泵12加热电池后经过四通阀与另一个分支合并汇入第一换热管道,这两个分支中冷却液的流量分配取决于在电池所在的支路中的冷却液流量是否满足电池的加热要求,如果不满足,则通过控制器加大分配给电池所在的支路中的冷却液流量。第四换热管道中流出的低温冷却液可以直接经由第五冷却液环路冷却电驱器,若冷却效果太过,则控制器还可以同时打开三通阀的第三端a 53,以通过前端支路吸收环境中的部分热量,汇入第五冷却液环路后降低冷却效果。当三通阀的两个支路都打开时,两个支路中冷却液的流量分配还可以根据电驱入口的温度是否能满足电机冷却需求来自动调节。
本申请实施例中,M16模式所适用的场景例如为:用户冬天坐在电动汽车的乘员舱内,但并未驾驶电动汽车。这种场景下,乘员舱和电池受到外界环境的影响导致温度较低,这种低温不仅使用户体验不好,还可能由于电池长期处于低温状态而损耗较多电能,降低电动汽车的续航能力。因此,通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M16模式所满足的连通关系,能够在加热乘员舱的同时加热电池,有利于保护电池电量,同时提高用户的使用体验。
M17,电池加热且乘员舱除湿的模式。
图6H示例性示出一种在电池加热且乘员舱除湿的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6H所示,在M17模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第一端a 21与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第五端a 25,连通五通阀的第三端a 23与五通阀的第四端a 24,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通四通阀的第二端a 42与四通阀的第三端a 43,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第二端a 52,打开节流阀13和节流阀14,打开水加热器,并启动水泵10、水泵11和水泵12。这种情况下,第一制冷剂环路、第二制冷剂环路、第五冷却液环路和第九冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体一部分传输给蒸发器进行降温,另一部分经过第三换热管道与第四换热管道中的冷却液进行换热操作然后流回压缩机,经由水加热器加热后的冷却液传输给暖风芯体,水加热器的功率可以由控制器根据空调出风温度是否满足要求来控制。乘员舱空调开启除湿模式,乘员舱进风先经过蒸发器的降温除湿过程再通过暖风芯体进行升温过程,之后流入水泵10。而水泵10流出的冷却液经过五通阀后,一个分支经由水泵12为电池加热后经过四通阀与 另一个分支合并汇入第一换热管道,这两个分支中冷却液的流量分配取决于在电池所在的支路中的冷却液流量是否满足电池的加热要求,如果不满足,则通过控制器加大分配给电池所在的支路中的冷却液流量。第四换热管道中流出的低温冷却液可以直接经由第五冷却液环路冷却电驱器,若冷却效果太过,则控制器还可以同时打开三通阀的第三端a 53,以通过前端支路吸收环境中的部分热量,汇入第五冷却液环路后降低冷却效果。当三通阀的两个支路都打开时,两个支路中冷却液的流量分配还可以根据电驱入口的温度是否能满足电机冷却需求来自动调节。
本申请实施例中,M17模式所适用的场景例如为:用户潮湿的冬季坐在电动汽车的乘员舱内,但并未驾驶电动汽车。这种场景下,电池受到外界环境的影响导致温度较低,乘员舱受到外界环境的影响导致湿度较大。因此,通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M17模式所满足的连通关系,能够在加热电池的同时除湿乘员舱,不仅有助于保护电池电量,同时还能提高用户的使用体验。
M18,乘员舱单独制热的模式。
图6I示例性示出一种在乘员舱单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6I所示,在M18模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第一端a 21与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第五端a 25,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第二端a 52,打开节流阀13,关断节流阀14(蒸发器不工作),打开水加热器,并启动水泵10和水泵11。这种情况下,第一制冷剂环路、第五冷却液环路和第七冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道与第四换热管道中的冷却液进行换热操作然后流回压缩机。乘员舱空调开启全热模式,水泵10流出的冷却液经由水加热器加热后的冷却液传输给暖风芯体,从而为乘员舱加热,之后流回水泵10。控制器可以根据乘员舱空调的出风口温度来控制水加热器的功率,以改变乘员舱的制热效果。第四换热管道中流出的低温冷却液可以直接经由第五冷却液环路冷却电驱器。
本申请实施例中,M18模式所适用的场景例如为:用户冬天坐在电动汽车的乘员舱内,但外界环境温度还在电池可承受的范围内。通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M18模式所满足的连通关系,能够单独制热乘员舱。
M19,电池单独制热的模式。
图6J示例性示出一种在电池单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6J所示,在M19模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第三端a 25,连通五通阀的第三端a 23与五通阀的第四端a 24,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通四通阀的第二端a 42与四通阀的第三端a 43,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第二端a 52,打开节流阀13,关断节流阀14(从而蒸发器不工作),打开水加热器,并启动水泵10、水泵11和水泵12。这种情况下,第一制冷剂环路、第五冷却液环路和第八冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道与第四换热管道中的冷却液进行换热操作然后流回压缩机。乘员舱空调不开启,因此经由水加热器加热后的冷却液只作为旁路流经暖风芯体传输至水泵10,由水泵10经过五通阀为电池加热。控制器可以根据电池的进水口温度来控制水加热器的功率,以改变电池的制热效果。第四换热管道中流出的低温冷却液可以直接经由第五冷却液环路冷却电驱器,若冷却效果太过,则控制器还可以同时打开 三通阀的第三端a 53,以通过前端支路吸收环境中的部分热量,汇入第五冷却液环路后降低冷却效果。当三通阀的两个支路都打开时,两个支路中冷却液的流量分配还可以根据电驱入口的温度是否能满足电机冷却需求来自动调节。
本申请实施例中,M19模式所适用的场景例如为:冬天由于外界环境影响导致电池温度较低,但用户自己并不冷或者用户并没有在车里。为了避免电池长期处于低温状态而损耗较多电能,降低电动汽车的续航能力,可以按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M19模式所满足的连通关系,实现只加热电池的功能。
M20,整车除湿的模式。
图6K示例性示出一种在电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图6K所示,在M20模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第二端a 22与五通阀的第三端a 23,连通五通阀的第四端a 24与五通阀的第五端a 25,连通四通阀的第一端a 41与四通阀的第二端a 42,连通四通阀的第三端a 43与四通阀的第四端a 44,连通三通阀的第一端a 51与三通阀的第二端a 52,打开节流阀13和节流阀14,打开水加热器,并启动水泵10、水泵11和水泵12。这种情况下,第一制冷剂环路、第二制冷剂环路、第五冷却液环路和第八冷却液环路导通。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,后分别经由蒸发器和第三换热管道流回压缩机。控制器可以通过分别控制节流阀13和节流阀14的开度控制这两个制冷剂环路上的制冷剂流量,以分别调整乘务舱和电池的制冷效果。当两者冲突时,控制器优先用于保证电池的入口温度达到预期要求。乘务舱空调开启除湿模式,即先经由蒸发器进行降温除湿,再经由水加热器加热后的冷却液进行升温,以使各个冷却液环路中流动除湿后的冷却液。控制器还可以通过控制水加热器的功率改变制热效果。进一步地,除湿后的冷却液经过五通阀和三通阀后冷却电驱器,后经由四通阀的一个支路进入水加热器的循环,另一个支路进入第四换热管道为冷却电池。示例性地,M20模式可以按照预先设定的周期定期执行,以维持整个电动汽车中的干燥环境,提高用户的使用体验。
应理解,上述只是示例性介绍热管理系统所能实现的几种模式。本申请实施例中,热管理系统还可以实现除上述几种模式以外的其它模式,例如电机单独制冷的模式、电机单独制热的模式等。且,同一种模式实际上还可以通过各种不同的环路来实现,而并不限定只有上述介绍出的那一种,本申请对此不再一一介绍。
然而,实施例一中的热管理系统能够实现各种制冷模式与各种制热模式的自由切换,这些模式包括但不限于上述M10至M20,这种方式通过较少的部件能够实现多种不同的模式,不仅能够满足用户的不同需求,还能提高模式切换的灵活性,拓展热管理系统的适用范围。
实施例二
图7A示例性示出本申请实施例二提供的一种热管理系统的结构示意图,如图7A所示,该热管理系统中可以包括压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、九通阀、水泵21、水泵22和水泵23。其中,水冷冷凝器可以包括第一换热管道和第二换热管道,电池冷却器可以包括第三换热管道和第四换热管道。第一换热管道的输入端(b 11)连接九通阀的第一端(b 21),第一换热管道的输出端(b 12)连接乘员舱空调箱中的暖风芯体的输入端,暖风芯体的输出端连接水泵20的输入端,水泵20的输出端连接九通阀的第四端(b 24)。第二换热管道的 输入端(b 13)连接压缩机的输出端,第二换热管道的输出端(b 14)分为两条支路,一条支路连接第三换热管道的输入端(b 31),进而由第三换热管路的输出端(b 32)连接压缩机的输入端,另一条支路连接乘员舱空调箱中的蒸发器的输入端,进而由蒸发器的输出端连接压缩机的输入端。第四换热管道的输入端(b 33)连接九通阀的第三端(b 23),第四换热管道的输出端(b 24)连接九通阀的第二端(b 22)。九通阀的第六端(b 26)连接电池的输入端,电池的输出端连接水泵21的输入端,水泵21的输出端连接九通阀的第五端(b 25)。九通阀的第九端(b 29)连接前端冷却模组中冷却器的输入端,冷却器的输出端和九通阀的第八端(b 28)分别连接电驱器的输入端,电驱器的输出端连接水泵22的输入端,水泵22的输出端连接九通阀的第五端(b 25)。
需要说明的是,在实施例二中,同一个环路上的各个部件位置也可以交换,例如水泵21也可以设置在电池和九通阀的第六端b 62之间,图7B示意出该种情况下热管理系统的内部构成图,由于水泵21只是由图7A所示意的九通阀的第七端移动到图7B所示意的九通阀的第六端,因此这种交换方式对于方案的实施来说并没有本质的影响。下面以图7A所示意出的热管理系统为例介绍本申请实施例二中的方案。
本申请实施例中,前端冷却模组中还设置有第一风扇(1),风扇1用于根据环境空气完成环境温度与前端冷却模组中的冷却器的换热处理。该调温可以为升温或降温,例如在冬天时冷却液的温度比环境温度要低,因此前端冷却模组可以基于环境温度升温冷却液,在夏天时冷却液的温度比环境温度要高,因此前端冷却模组可以基于环境温度降温冷却液。为了便于理解,下文都以前端冷却模组只进行降温为例进行介绍,须知,这并不是限定前端冷却模组不能进行升温。对应的,蒸发器和暖风芯体设置在乘员舱空调箱中,乘员舱空调箱中还可以设置有第二风扇(2),风扇2可以直接将环境中的空气吹至乘员舱,也可以在吹出空气之前先经由蒸发器对空气进行降温,还可以在吹出空气之前先经由暖风芯体对空气进行升温。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图7A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括水加热器,水加热器的输入端连接第一换热管道的输出端b 12,水加热器的输出端连接暖风芯体的输入端。水加热器用于对流经水加热器的冷却液进行加热。在需要加热乘员舱时,如果暖风芯体吹出至乘员舱的暖风的温度没有达到用户设置的温度,则还可以先使用水加热器对第一换热管道输出的冷却液进行加热,再经由暖风芯体来加热空调机吹出至乘员舱的暖风,以提高对乘员舱进行升温的效果。当然,如果暖风芯体吹出至乘员舱的暖风的温度合适,则可以直接关掉水加热器。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图7A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括至少一个节流阀,例如节流阀23和节流阀24。节流阀23的输入端和节流阀24的输入端分别连接第二换热管道的输出端b 14,节流阀23的输出端连接第三换热管道的输入端b 31,节流阀24的输出端连接蒸发器的输入端。节流阀用于控制输出液体的流量。当节流阀23被关闭,则第二换热管道换热得到的低温低压的制冷剂液体就无法通过节流阀23被传输给第三换热管道,第四换热管道也就无法与第三换热管道进行换热得到低温低压的冷却液。当节流阀24被关闭,则第一换热管道换热得到的高温高压的制冷剂液体就无法通过节流阀24被传输给暖风芯体。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图7A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括储液装置,储液装置用于在制冷剂环路中储存部分制冷剂液体。储液装置可以为储液罐或气液分离装 置。当储液装置为储液罐时,储液罐可以设置在第二换热管道的输出端外侧,储液罐的输入端与第二换热管道的输出端b 14连接,储液罐的输出端分别连接蒸发器的输入端和节流阀23的输入端。储液罐用于在第一制冷剂环路和/或第二制冷剂环路中储存部分制冷剂液体。当储液装置为气液分离装置时,气液分离器的输入端分别连接蒸发器的输出端和第三换热管道的输出端,气液分离器的输出端连接压缩机的输入端。气液分离器可以分离制冷剂环路中的制冷剂气体和制冷剂液体,然后将制冷剂气体流入压缩机,将制冷剂液体储保留在气液分离器的内部。通过在热管理系统中设置储液装置,不仅能使压缩机接收到纯净的制冷剂气体,提高压缩机的压缩效果,还能起到调节环路的制冷效果的目的。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图7A所示,热管理系统中还可以包括至少一个水壶,例如水壶25和水壶26。水壶25的输入端可以连接暖风芯体的输出端,水壶25的输出端可以连接水泵20的输入端。水壶26的输入端可以连接电驱器的输出端,水壶26的输出端可以连接水泵22的输入端。水壶25和水壶26都设置在冷却液环路中,用于净化冷却液环路中的冷却液液体,当冷却液液体越纯净,则冷却液环路的调温效果也就越好。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图7A所示,热管理系统中还可以在各关键位置处设置温压感应器,例如温压传感器P 20和温压传感器P 21。温压传感器P 20设置在压缩机的输出端,用于检测压缩机输出的制冷剂的温度和压力。温压传感器P 21设置在第三换热管道的输出端,用于检测电池冷却器的温度和压力。应理解,上述示意出的关键位置只是示例性地说明,本申请并不限定只有这些关键位置。
上述实施例二使用一个九通阀来替换实施例一中的三通器、四通器和五通器,从而不仅能具有实施例一中的有益效果,还能进一步简化热管理系统的结构,进一步减小热管理系统占据的体积。但是九通器在工艺设计较为精细,所以实施例二中的热管理系统可能在成本上比实施例一中的热管理系统高。
本申请实施例二中,热管理系统中的各个部件还可以按照集成方式进行设计。实现集成方式的各种方案具体请参照上述实施例一,区别仅在于将上述实施例一中的五通阀、四通阀和三通阀替换为九通阀。图8示例性示出本申请实施例二提供的一种总集成方式示意图,该方案将储液罐作为气液分离装置。如图8所示,总集成方式可以将热管理系统中的各个板换部件和各个阀件同时集成在一个元件总成中,各个板换部件可以包括水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、水加热器和压缩机中的一项或多项,各个阀门部件可以包括九通阀、水泵20、水泵21、水泵22、水壶25和水壶26中的一项或多项。图8所示意的方案将全部的板换部件和全部的阀件都集成在一起,从而结构更为紧凑,占据空间更小。
下面仍以实施例一中示例出的几种模式为例,示例性介绍本申请实施例二中的热管理系统所能实现的一些模式。应理解,热管理系统中的各个阀件的控制端、各个水泵的控制端以及各个温压传感器的输出端还可以连接控制器。控制器可以通过控制各个阀件和各个水泵来实现不同的温度模式,还可以在控制的过程中从各个温压传感器的输出端获取各关键位置处的温度和压力,进而判断出当前的温度和压力是否满足当前温度模式的需求,如果不满足,则可以进行实时调节,以尽量将温度和压力调节至当前温度模式上。关于控制在热管理系统运行的过程中如何控制节流阀流量、如何控制压缩机的转速以及如何控制水加热器的功率等内容,具体请参照实施例一,下文不再赘述。
M10,乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式。
图9A示例性示出一种在乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意 图,如图9A所示,在M10模式下,控制器可以连通九通阀的第一端b 21与九通阀的第七端b 27,连通九通阀的第二端b 22与九通阀的第六端b 26,连通九通阀的第三端b 23与九通阀的第五端b 25,连通九通阀的第四端b 24与九通阀的第九端b 29,打开节流阀23和节流阀24,关闭水加热器,并启动水泵20、水泵21和水泵22。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体一个支路传输至蒸发器为乘务室降温流回压缩机,此时乘务室中的空调设置为全冷模式(全冷模式属于制冷模式中的一种,全冷模式是指同时对乘员舱和电池制冷)。该低温低压的制冷剂液体另一个支路经过第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液(水泵21运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第五端b 25和第三端b 23流至第四换热管道)降温得到低温低压的冷却液,该低温低压的冷却液通过九通阀的第二端b 22和第六端b 26流至电池,从而为电池降温。此外,水泵20运行时所带动的冷却液经由九通阀流入前端冷却模组进行降温,然后流至电驱器冷却电驱器,进而经由水泵22、九通阀、第一换热管道和暖风芯体回到水泵20。虽然乘务室空调箱中的暖风芯体上也流经冷却液,但是水加热器未启动且暖风芯体不工作,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生影响。这种情况下,电池通过电池冷却器中降温的冷却液制冷,乘员舱通过水冷冷凝器中降温的制冷剂制冷,电驱器通过前端冷却模组中降温的冷却液自然冷却。
M11,乘员舱单独制冷的模式。
图9B示例性示出一种在乘员舱单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图9B所示,在M11模式下,控制器可以连通九通阀的第一端b 21与九通阀的第七端b 27,连通九通阀的第四端b 24与九通阀的第九端b 29,打开节流阀24,关断节流阀23(即电池冷却器不工作),关闭水加热器,关闭暖风芯体(当乘员舱空调开启时,乘员舱空调直接将环境空气吹到乘员舱,而不经由暖风芯体加热),并启动水泵20和水泵22。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体传输至蒸发器为乘务室降温后流回压缩机,此时乘务室中的空调设置为制冷模式。水泵20运行时所带动的冷却液经由九通阀流入前端冷却模组进行降温,然后流至电驱器冷却电驱器,进而经由九通阀、第一换热管道和暖风芯体回到水泵20。虽然乘务室空调箱中的暖风芯体上也流经冷却液,但是水加热器未启动且暖风芯体不工作,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生影响。这种情况下,乘员舱通过水冷冷凝器中降温的制冷剂制冷,电驱器通过前端冷却模组中降温的冷却液自然冷却。
M12,电池单独制冷的模式。
图9C示例性示出一种在电池单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图9C所示,在M12模式下,控制器可以连通九通阀的第一端b 21与九通阀的第七端b 27,连通九通阀的第二端b 22与九通阀的第六端b 26,连通九通阀的第三端b 23与九通阀的第五端b 25,连通九通阀的第四端b 24与九通阀的第九端b 29,打开节流阀23,关断节流阀24(即蒸发器不工作),关闭水加热器,关闭暖风芯体,并启动水泵20、水泵21和水泵22。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液(水泵21运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第五端b 25和第三端b 23流至第四换热管道)降温得到低温低压的冷却液后流回压缩机。第四换热管道换热得到的低温低压的冷却液通过九通 阀的第二端b 22和第六端b 26流至电池,从而为电池降温然后回到水泵21。水泵20运行时所带动的冷却液经由九通阀流入前端冷却模组进行降温,然后流至电驱器冷却电驱器,进而经由水泵22、九通阀、第一换热管道和暖风芯体回到水泵20。虽然乘务室空调箱中的暖风芯体上也流经冷却液,但是水加热器未启动且暖风芯体不工作,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生影响。这种情况下,电池通过电池冷却器中降温的冷却液制冷,电驱器通过前端冷却模组中降温的冷却液自然冷却。
M14,电池自然冷却的模式。
图9D示例性示出一种在电池自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图9D所示,在M14模式下,控制器可以连通九通阀的第二端b 22与九通阀的第六端b 26,连通九通阀的第三端b 23与九通阀的第七端b 27,连通九通阀的第五端b 25与九通阀的第九端b 29,关断节流阀23和节流阀24(从而蒸发器和电池冷却器都不工作),关闭水加热器,关闭暖风芯体,并启动水泵21和水泵22。这种情况下,水泵21运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第五端b 25和第九端b 29流至前端冷却模组进行降温,然后流至电驱器冷却电驱器,进而经由水泵22、九通阀的第七端b 27、九通阀的第三端b 23、第四换热管道(由于电池冷却器都不工作,因此第四换热管道实际上只作为管道流通,而不执行换热)、九通阀的第二端b 22和九通阀的第六端b 26流至电池,从而为电池降温,之后回到水泵21。这种情况下,电池和电驱器均通过前端冷却模组降温的冷却液自然冷却。
M15,电机自然冷却的模式。
图9E示例性示出一种在电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图9E所示,在M15模式下,控制器可以连通九通阀的第七端b 27与九通阀的第九端b 29,关闭节流阀23和节流阀24(从而蒸发器和电池冷却器都不工作),关闭水加热器,并启动水泵22。这种情况下,水泵22运行时所带动的冷却液经由九通阀第七端b 27与九通阀的第九端b 29流入前端冷却模组进行降温,然后流至电驱器冷却电驱器,进而回到水泵22。这种情况下,电驱器均通过前端冷却模组降温的冷却液自然冷却。
M16,乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式。
图9F示例性示出一种在乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图9F所示,在M16模式下,控制器可以连通九通阀的第一端b 21与九通阀的第五端b 25,连通九通阀的第二端b 22与九通阀的第八端b 28,连通九通阀的第三端b 23与九通阀的第七端b 27,连通九通阀的第四端b 24与九通阀的第六端b 26,打开节流阀23,关断节流阀24(从而蒸发器不工作),开启水加热器,关闭暖风芯体,并启动水泵20、水泵21和水泵22。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道与第一换热管道(水泵21运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第五端b 25和九通阀的第一端b 21流至第一换热管道)换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液(水泵22运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第七端b 27和九通阀的第三端b 23流至第四换热管道)降温得到低温低压的冷却液后流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温高压的制冷剂液体经由水加热器加热后流入暖风芯体,乘员舱空调开启全热模式(全热模式属于制热模式中的一种,全热模式是指同时对乘员舱和电池制热),因此乘员舱空调会先经由暖风芯体加热对环境空气后再吹到乘员舱中,以制热乘员舱。暖风芯体流出的高温制冷剂液体再经由水泵20、九通阀的第四端b 24和九通阀的第 六端b 26后留至电池,从而加热电池,之后流回水泵21。第四换热管道中的低温低压的冷却液通过九通阀的第二端b 22和第八端b 28流至电驱器以降温电驱器,进而流回水泵22。这种情况下,乘员舱和电池经由第三换热管道和/或水加热器加热的冷却液进行加热,电驱器通过电池冷却器降温的冷却液进行冷却。
M18,乘员舱单独制热的模式。
图9G示例性示出一种在乘员舱单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图9G所示,在M18模式下,控制器可以连通九通阀的第一端b 21与九通阀的第四端b 24,连通九通阀的第二端b 22与九通阀的第八端b 28,连通九通阀的第三端b 23与九通阀的第七端b 27,打开节流阀23,关断节流阀24(从而蒸发器不工作),开启水加热器,打开暖风芯体,并启动水泵20和水泵22。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道与第一换热管道(水泵20运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第四端b 24和九通阀的第一端b 21流至第一换热管道)换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液(水泵22运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第七端b 27和九通阀的第三端b 23流至第四换热管道)降温得到低温低压的冷却液后流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温高压的制冷剂液体经由水加热器加热后流入暖风芯体,乘员舱空调开启制热模式,因此乘员舱空调会先经由暖风芯体加热对环境空气后再吹到乘员舱中,以制热乘员舱。控制器还可以通过调节水加热器的功率来调节乘员舱的制热效果。暖风芯体流出的高温制冷剂液体流回水泵20。第四换热管道中的低温低压的冷却液通过九通阀的第二端b 22和第八端b 28流至电驱器以降温电驱器,进而流回水泵22。这种情况下,乘员舱经由第三换热管道和/或水加热器加热的冷却液进行加热,电驱器通过电池冷却器降温的冷却液进行冷却。
M19,电池单独制热的模式。
图9H示例性示出一种在电池单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图9H所示,在M19模式下,控制器可以连通九通阀的第一端b 21与九通阀的第五端b 25,连通九通阀的第二端b 22与九通阀的第八端b 28,连通九通阀的第三端b 23与九通阀的第七端b 27,连通九通阀的第四端b 24与九通阀的第六端b 26,打开节流阀23,关断节流阀24(从而蒸发器不工作),开启水加热器,关闭暖风芯体,并启动水泵20、水泵21和水泵22。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道与第一换热管道(水泵21运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第五端b 25和九通阀的第一端b 21流至第一换热管道)换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液(水泵22运行时所带动的冷却液经过九通阀的第七端b 27和九通阀的第三端b 23流至第四换热管道)降温得到低温低压的冷却液后流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温高压的制冷剂液体经由水加热器加热后流入暖风芯体,由于暖风芯体未开启,因此乘员舱空调不会使用暖风芯体加热环境空气,即乘员舱不加热。这种情况下,暖风芯体作为旁通传输高温冷却液,进而通过水泵20、九通阀的第四端b 24和九通阀的第六端b 26后流至电池,从而加热电池,之后流回水泵21。控制器还可以通过调节水加热器的功率来调节电池的制热效果。第四换热管道中的低温低压的冷却液通过九通阀的第二端b 22和第八端b 28流至电驱器以降温电驱器,进而流回水泵22。这种情况下,电池经由第三换热管道和/或水加热器加热的冷却液进行加热,电驱器通过电池冷却器降温的冷却液进行冷却。
上述只是示例性介绍本申请实施例二中的热管理系统所能实现的几种模式。应理解,本申请实施例二中的热管理系统还可以实现除上述几种模式以外的其它模式,例如电机单独制冷的模式、电机单独制热的模式、整车除湿的模式等。且,同一种模式实际上还可以通过各种不同的环路来实现,而并不限定只有上述介绍出的那一种,本申请对此不再一一介绍。
实施例三
图10示例性示出本申请实施例三提供的一种热管理系统的结构示意图,如图10所示,该热管理系统中可以包括压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、五通阀、四通阀、第一三通阀(41)、第二三通阀(42)、水泵31、水泵32和水泵33。其中,水冷冷凝器可以包括第一换热管道和第二换热管道,电池冷却器可以包括第三换热管道和第四换热管道。第一换热管道的输入端(c 11)连接五通阀的第一端(c 21),第一换热管道的输出端(c 12)连接乘员舱空调箱中的暖风芯体的输入端,暖风芯体的输出端连接水泵30的输入端,水泵30的输出端连接五通阀的第三端(c 23)。第二换热管道的输入端(c 13)连接压缩机的输出端,第二换热管道的输出端(c 14)连接高压管的输入端,高压管的输出端分为两条支路,一条支路连接第三换热管道的输入端(c 31),进而由第三换热管路的输出端(c 32)连接低压管的输入端,另一条支路连接乘员舱空调箱中的蒸发器的输入端,进而由蒸发器的输出端连接低压管的输入端,低压管的输出端连接压缩机的输入端。第四换热管道的输入端(c 33)连接四通阀的第一端(c 41),第四换热管道的输出端(c 34)连接五通阀的第五端(c 25),五通阀的第二端(c 22)连接水泵31的输入端,水泵31的输出端通连接三通阀41的第一端(c 51),三通阀41的第二端(c 52)连接电驱器的输入端,三通阀41的第三端(c 53)连接前端冷却模组中冷却器的输入端,冷却器的输出端也连接至电驱器的输入端。电驱器的输出端连接四通阀的第四端(c 44)。五通阀的第四端(c 24)分别连接水泵32的输入端和三通阀42的第一端(a 61),水泵32的输出端连接电池的输入端,电池的输出端连接四通阀的第二端(c 42),三通阀42的第二端(a 62)连接五通阀的第一端a 21,三通阀42的第三端(a 62)连接四通阀的第三端(c 43)。其中,高压管和低压管是同轴管,当高压管中的制冷剂温度与低压管中的制冷剂温度不同时,高压管和低压管执行换热操作。
本申请实施例中,冷却器设置在前端冷却模组中,前端冷却模组中还设置有第一风扇(1),风扇1用于使用环境空气对应的环境温度与冷却器进行换热处理。例如冬天时的冷却液温度比环境温度要低,因此前端冷却模组可以基于环境温度升温冷却液,夏天时的冷却液温度比环境温度要高,因此前端冷却模组可以基于环境温度降温冷却液。为了便于理解,下文都以前端冷却模组只进行降温为例进行介绍,须知,这并不是限定前端冷却模组不能进行升温。对应的,蒸发器和暖风芯体设置在乘员舱空调箱中,乘员舱空调箱中还可以设置有第二风扇(2),风扇2可以直接将环境中的空气(既不降温也不升温)吹至乘员舱,也可以在吹出空气之前先经由蒸发器对空气进行降温,还可以在吹出空气之前先经由暖风芯体对空气进行升温。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图10所示,热管理系统中还可以包括水加热器,水加热器的输入端连接第一换热管道的输出端c 12,水加热器的输出端连接暖风芯体的输入端。水加热器可以对流经水加热器的冷却液进行加热。当需要加热乘员舱时,如果暖风芯体吹出至乘员舱的暖风的温度没有达到用户设置的温度,则还可以先使用水加热器对第一 换热管道输出的冷却液进行加热,再经由暖风芯体来加热空调机吹出至乘员舱的暖风,以提高对乘员舱进行升温的效果。如果暖风芯体吹出至乘员舱的暖风的温度合适,则也可以直接关掉水加热器。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图10所示,热管理系统中还可以包括至少一个节流阀,例如节流阀33和节流阀34。节流阀33的输入端和节流阀34的输入端分别连接高压管的输出端,节流阀33的输出端连接第三换热管道的输入端c 31,节流阀34的输出端连接蒸发器的输入端。节流阀用于控制输出液体的流量,如果节流阀被完全关闭时,则节流阀不输出液体。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图10所示,热管理系统中还可以包括储液装置,储液装置用于在制冷剂环路上储存液体。其中,储液装置可以为储液罐或气液分离器。当储液装置为储液罐时,储液罐可以设置在第二换热管道的输出端外侧,储液罐的输入端与第二换热管道的输出端连接,储液罐的输出端与高压管的输入端连接。储液罐用于在制冷剂环路中储存部分制冷剂液体。当储液装置为气液分离器时,气液分离器的输入端可以连接低压管的输入端,气液分离器的输出端可以连接压缩机的输入端。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图10所示,热管理系统中还可以包括至少一个水壶,例如水壶35和水壶36。水壶35的输入端可以连接暖风芯体的输出端,水壶35的输出端可以连接水泵30的输入端。水壶36的输入端可以连接电驱器的输出端,水壶36的输出端可以连接四通阀的第四端c 44。水壶35和水壶36可以净化冷却液环路中的冷却液液体,当冷却液液体越纯净,则冷却液环路的调温效果也就越好。
在一种可选地实施方式中,继续参照图10所示,热管理系统中还可以在各关键位置处设置温压感应器,例如温压传感器P 30、温压传感器P 31、温压传感器P 32、温压传感器P 33、温压传感器P 34、温压传感器P 35、温压传感器P 36、温压传感器P 37和温压传感器P 38。其中,温压传感器P 30设置在压缩机的出气口,温压传感器P 35设置在压缩机的入气口,温压传感器P 30和温压传感器P 35用于检测压缩机压缩制冷剂的效果。温压传感器P 31设置在第三换热管道的输出端,用于检测电池冷却器的温度和压力。温压传感器P 32设置在电驱器的入水口,温压传感器P 38设置在电驱器的出水口,温压传感器P 32和温压传感器P 38用于检测电驱器被降温的效果。温压传感器P 33设置在电池的入水口,温压传感器P 37设置在电池的出水口,温压传感器P 33和温压传感器P 37用于检测电池被降温的效果。用于检测电驱器输出端的温度和压力。温压传感器P 34设置在高压管的入水口,温压传感器P 36设置在低压管的入水口,温压传感器P 34和温压传感器P 36用于检测高压管和低压管的换热效果被降温的效果。应理解,上述示意出的关键位置只是示例性地说明,本申请并不限定只有这些关键位置。
实施例三在实施例一的基础上新增了一个三通阀和一对同轴管。相较于实施例一,实施例三通过引入同轴管,能够通过同轴的高压管和低压管换热,进而进一步提高制冷剂环路的制冷制热效率。且,实施例三通过引入三通阀42,能够在同时制热电池和乘员舱时将电池环路隔离(相对隔离,实际上还是通过五通阀连通)出来,有助于控制电池入口的冷却液温度维持在一个合理的范围。
本申请实施例三中,热管理系统中的各个部件还可以按照集成方式进行设计。实现集成方式的各种方案具体请参照上述实施例一,区别仅在于实施例三中的各个阀门部件还可以包括新增的三通阀42,实施例三中的各个板换部件还可以包括同轴的高压管和低压管。 图11示例性示出本申请实施例三提供的一种总集成方式示意图,该方案假设将气液分离器作为储液装置。如11图所示,该方式可以将热管理系统中的各个板换部件和各个阀件同时集成在同一个元件总成中,各个板换部件可以包括水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、水加热器、压缩机和气液分离器中的一项或多项,各个阀门部件可以包括五通阀、四通阀、三通阀41、三通阀42、水泵30、水泵31、水泵32、水壶35和水壶36中的一项或多项。图11所示意的方案将全部的板换部件和全部的阀件都集成在一起,从而结构更为紧凑,占据空间更小。
下面仍然基于实施例一中示出的模式,示例性介绍本申请实施例三中的热管理系统所能实现的一些模式。应理解,热管理系统中的各个阀件的控制端、各个水泵的控制端以及各个温压传感器的输出端还可以连接控制器。控制器可以通过控制各个阀件和各个水泵来实现不同的温度模式,还可以在控制的过程中从各个温压传感器的输出端获取各关键位置处的温度和压力,进而判断当前的温度和压力是否满足当前温度模式的需求,如果不满足,则可以进行实时调节,以尽量将温度和压力调节至当前温度模式上。
M10,乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式。
图12A示例性示出一种在乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12A所示,在M10模式下,控制器可以连通三通阀42的第二端c 62与三通阀的第三端c 63,连通五通阀的第二端c 22与五通阀的第三端c 23,连通五通阀的第四端c 24与五通阀的第五端c 25,连通四通阀的第一端c 41与四通阀的第二端c 42,连通四通阀的第三端c 43与四通阀的第四端c 44,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第三端c 53,并打开节流阀33和节流阀34,关闭暖风芯体,启动水泵30、水泵31和水泵32。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道,在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道(水泵30运行带动冷却液依次经由五通阀、水泵31、三通阀41、冷却器、电驱器、四通阀和三通阀42流入第一换热管道)初次换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体进而进入高压管与同轴的低压管二次换热得到更低温更低压的制冷剂液体,该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体一个支路传输至蒸发器为乘务室降温,此时乘务室中的空调设置为全冷模式(全冷模式属于制冷模式中的一种,全冷模式是指同时对乘员舱和电池制冷)。该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体另一个支路经过第三换热管道,在第三换热管道中与第四换热管道(水泵32运行带动冷却液依次经由电池和四通阀流入第四换热管道)中的冷却液进行换热后经由低压管流回压缩机。第四换热管道换热得到的低温低压的冷却液经由五通阀流回水泵32,从而为电池降温。水泵30带动的冷却液经过前端冷却模组降温后先冷却电驱器再进入第一换热管道换热得到高温冷却液,虽然高温冷却液流经暖风芯体,但是由于暖风芯体未启动,因此该高温冷却液只是作为旁路流过空调箱,而并不会对驾驶室的温度产生影响。
按照上述方式,高压管在进入蒸发器和第三换热管道之前,先与同轴的低压管换热,换热可以是通过内管制冷剂低温和外管制冷剂高温来实现,高压管为外管,低压管为内管,因此换热时高压管外管能够换热得到低温低压的制冷剂,而低压管内管能够换热得到高温高压的制冷剂。换热后的高压管具有更低温度,因此能够进一步降低流入蒸发器和第三换热管道的制冷剂的温度,有助于提高乘员舱的制冷效果和电池的制冷效果。
M11,乘员舱单独制冷的模式。
图12B示例性示出一种在乘员舱单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12B所示,在M11模式下,控制器可以连通三通阀42的第二端c 62与三通阀的第三端 c 63,连通五通阀的第二端c 22与五通阀的第三端c 23,连通四通阀的第三端c 43与四通阀的第四端c 44,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第三端c 53,并打开节流阀34,关断节流阀33(从而电池冷却器不工作),关闭暖风芯体,启动水泵30和水泵31。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道,在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道(水泵30运行带动冷却液依次经由五通阀、水泵31、三通阀41、冷却器、电驱器、四通阀和三通阀42流入第一换热管道)初次换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体进而进入高压管与同轴的低压管二次换热得到更低温更低压的制冷剂液体,该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体传输至蒸发器为乘务室降温,之后经由低压管流回压缩机,此时乘务室中的空调设置为制冷模式。水泵30带动的冷却液经过前端冷却模组降温后先冷却电驱器再进入第一换热管道换热得到高温冷却液,虽然高温冷却液流经暖风芯体,但是由于暖风芯体未启动,因此该高温冷却液只是作为旁路流过空调箱,而并不会对驾驶室的温度产生影响。
按照上述方式,第二换热管道输出的低温低压的制冷剂在进入蒸发器之前,还会再经过同轴的高压管和低压管的换热,得到更低温度的制冷剂。这样能够进一步降低流入蒸发器的制冷剂的温度,有助于提高对乘员舱的制冷效果。
M12,电池单独制冷的模式。
图12C示例性示出一种在电池单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12C所示,在M12模式下,控制器可以连通三通阀42的第二端c 62与三通阀的第三端c 63,连通五通阀的第二端c 22与五通阀的第三端c 23,连通五通阀的第四端c 24与五通阀的第五端c 25,连通四通阀的第一端c 41与四通阀的第二端c 42,连通四通阀的第三端c 43与四通阀的第四端c 44,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第三端c 53,并打开节流阀33,关闭节流阀34(从而蒸发器不工作),关闭暖风芯体,启动水泵30、水泵31和水泵32。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道,在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道(水泵30运行带动冷却液依次经由五通阀、水泵31、三通阀41、冷却器、电驱器、四通阀和三通阀42流入第一换热管道)初次换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体进而进入高压管与同轴的低压管二次换热得到更低温更低压的制冷剂液体,该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体在第三换热管道中与第四换热管道(水泵32运行带动冷却液依次经由电池和四通阀流入第四换热管道)中的冷却液进行换热后经由低压管流回压缩机。第四换热管道换热得到的低温低压的冷却液经由五通阀流回水泵32,从而为电池降温。水泵30带动的冷却液经过前端冷却模组降温后先冷却电驱器再进入第一换热管道换热得到高温冷却液,虽然高温冷却液流经暖风芯体,但是由于暖风芯体未启动,因此该高温冷却液只是作为旁路流过空调箱,而并不会对驾驶室的温度产生影响。
按照上述方式,第二换热管道输出的低温低压的制冷剂在进入电池冷却器之前,还会再经过同轴的高压管和低压管的换热,得到更低温度的制冷剂。这样能够进一步降低流入电池冷却器的制冷剂的温度,提高电池冷却器制冷第四换热管道中的冷却液的能力,有助于提高对电池的制冷效果。
M13,电池制冷且乘员舱加热的模式。
图12D示例性示出一种在电池制冷且乘员舱加热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12D所示,在M13模式下,控制器可以连通三通阀42的第二端c 62与三通阀的第三端c 63,连通五通阀的第二端c 22与五通阀的第三端c 23,连通五通阀的第四端c 24与五 通阀的第五端c 25,连通四通阀的第一端c 41与四通阀的第二端c 42,连通四通阀的第三端c 43与四通阀的第四端c 44,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第二端c 52,打开节流阀33,关闭节流阀34(从而蒸发器不工作),启动水加热器,并启动水泵30、水泵31和水泵32。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道(水泵30运行带动冷却液依次经由五通阀、水泵31、三通阀41、电驱器、四通阀和三通阀42流入第一换热管道)初次换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体进而进入高压管与同轴的低压管二次换热得到更低温更低压的制冷剂液体,该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体在第三换热管道中与第四换热管道(水泵32运行带动冷却液依次经由电池和四通阀流入第四换热管道)中的冷却液进行换热后经由低压管流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温冷却液先经由水加热器加热再输入暖风芯体,乘员舱空调开启制热模式,因此乘员舱空调先使用暖风芯体加热环境空气再吹入乘员舱,以加热乘员舱。控制器还可以通过控制水加热器的功率来控制加热乘员舱的效果。第四换热管道换热得到的低温低压的冷却液经由五通阀流回水泵32,从而为电池降温。这种方式在将第二换热管道输出的低温低压的制冷剂输入电池冷却器之前,还会再经过同轴的高压管和低压管的换热,得到更低温度的制冷剂,从而进一步降低流入电池冷却器的制冷剂的温度,提高电池冷却器制冷第四换热管道中的冷却液的能力,有助于提高对电池的制冷效果。
在该方案中,当需要对电驱器降温时,还可以通过控制器连通三通阀41的第一端a 51和三通阀41的第三端a 53,以使水泵30带动的冷却液先流经前端冷却模组降温,再流入电驱器以冷却电驱器。当不需要对电驱器降温时,则可以通过控制器连通三通阀41的第一端a 51和三通阀41的第二端a 52,以使水泵30带动的冷却液直接流入电驱器。如果在获取温压传感器P 32的数据后发现电驱器的降温效果不合适,则还可以将三通阀41的第一端a 51分别连通三通阀41的第三端a 53和三通阀41的第二端a 52,通过调整这两个支路上的冷却液流量比例来控制降温效果。
M15,电机自然冷却的模式。
图12E示例性示出一种在电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12E所示,在M14模式下,控制器可以连通三通阀42的第二端c 62与三通阀的第三端c 63,连通五通阀的第二端c 22与五通阀的第三端c 23,连通四通阀的第三端c 43与四通阀的第四端c 44,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第三端c 53,关断节流阀33和节流阀34(从而蒸发器和电池冷却器不工作),关闭水加热器,并启动水泵30和水泵31。这种情况下,水泵30运行带动冷却液依次经由五通阀、水泵31、三通阀41、冷却器、电驱器、四通阀、三通阀42、第一换热管道和暖风芯体后流回水泵30。从而这个环路中的冷却液经由前端冷却模组降温后,自然冷却电驱器。
M16,乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式。
图12F示例性示出一种在乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12F所示,在M16模式下,控制器可以分别连通三通阀42的第三端c 62和三通阀的第一端c 61、三通阀42的第三端c 62和三通阀的第二端c 62,分别连通五通阀的第三端c 23和五通阀的第一端c 21、五通阀的第三端c 23和五通阀的第四端c 24,连通五通阀的第二端c 22与五通阀的第五端c 25,连通四通阀的第一端c 41与四通阀的第四端c 44,连通四通阀的第二端c 42与四通阀的第三端c 43,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第二端c 52,打开节流阀33,关断节流阀34,打开水加热器,并启动水泵30、水泵31和水泵32。这种情 况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道,在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道(水泵30运行带动冷却液中的一部分直接流入第一换热管道,另一部分经由水泵32、电池、四通阀和三通阀42后一个子部分流入第四换热管道)换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体进而进入高压管与同轴的低压管二次换热得到更低温更低压的制冷剂液体,该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体在第三换热管道中与第四换热管道(水泵31运行带动冷却液依次经由三通阀41、电驱器和四通阀后流入第四换热管道)中的冷却液进行换热后经由低压管流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温冷却液先经由水加热器加热再输入暖风芯体,进而回到水泵30,乘员舱空调开启全热模式(全热模式属于制热模式中的一种,全热模式是指同时对乘员舱和电池制热),因此乘员舱空调先使用暖风芯体加热环境空气再吹入乘员舱,以加热乘员舱。控制器还可以通过控制水加热器的功率来控制加热乘员舱的效果。之后,水泵30带动冷却液循环流经电池,从而还可以加热电池。第四换热管道换热得到的低温低压的冷却液流回水泵31,进而在循环过程中流经电驱器从而降温电驱器。这种方式在将第二换热管道输出的低温低压的制冷剂输入电池冷却器之前,还会再经过同轴的高压管和低压管的换热,得到更低温度的制冷剂,从而进一步降低流入电池冷却器的制冷剂的温度,提高电池冷却器制冷第四换热管道中的冷却液的能力,有助于提高对电驱器的制冷效果。
在上述连接关系中,乘员舱加热环路和电池加热环路实际上是分属于两个连同的循环环路。乘员舱加热环路中的冷却液会由水泵30带动运行,之后依次经由五通阀的第三端c 23、五通阀的第一端c 21、第一换热管道、水加热器和暖风芯体后流回水泵30,从而实现乘员舱的热循环。电池加热环路中的冷却液会由水泵32带动运行,之后依次经由电池、四通阀的第二端c 42、四通阀的第三端c 43、三通阀42的第三端c 63、和三通阀42的第一端c 61后流回水泵32,从而实现电池的热循环。这两个加热环路还在五通阀的第四端c 24和五通阀的第五端c 25处汇合以完成冷热交换,例如,电池加热环路能从五通阀的第四端c 24处获取乘员舱加热环路中的部分高温冷却液以加热电池,并能在五通阀的第五端c 25处将电池加热环路中的部分低温冷却液释放给乘员舱加热环路以实现电池加热环路的循环流动。这种情况下,控制器还可以通过控制五通阀的第四端c 24处分别流入电池加热环路和乘员舱加热环路中的冷却液的流量,来实现电池和乘员舱的不同加热效果,以使电池侧的温度和乘员舱侧的温度都能够位于合理的温度范围内。
相比于实施例一来说,实施例三中的方案在热管理系统中新添加了一个三通阀42,通过这个新的三通阀42,能够实现在具有同时加热电池和乘员舱的需求的情况下,分别在两个不同的子环路中加热电池和乘员舱,而不用在一个大的环路中同时加热电池和乘员舱。如此,电池的加热温度和乘员舱的加热温度可以由控制器分别来控制,加热的灵活性更好,可适用的场景更多。
M18,乘员舱单独制热的模式。
图12G示例性示出一种在乘员舱单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12G所示,在M18模式下,控制器可以连通五通阀的第一端c 21和五通阀的第三端c 23、连通五通阀的第二端c 22与五通阀的第五端c 25,连通四通阀的第一端c 41与四通阀的第四端c 44,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第二端c 52,打开节流阀33,关断节流阀34(从而蒸发器不工作),打开水加热器,并启动水泵30和水泵31。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道,在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道(水 泵30运行带动冷却液流入第一换热管道)换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体进而进入高压管与同轴的低压管二次换热得到更低温更低压的制冷剂液体,该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体在第三换热管道中与第四换热管道(水泵31运行带动冷却液依次经由三通阀41、电驱器和四通阀后流入第四换热管道)中的冷却液进行换热后经由低压管流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温冷却液先经由水加热器加热再输入暖风芯体,进而回到水泵30,乘员舱空调开启制热模式,因此乘员舱空调先使用暖风芯体加热环境空气再吹入乘员舱,以加热乘员舱。控制器还可以通过控制水加热器的功率来控制加热乘员舱的效果。第四换热管道输出的低温冷却液流回水泵30,由水泵30带动低温冷却液循环流动以冷却电驱器。这种方式在将第二换热管道输出的低温低压的制冷剂输入电池冷却器为第四换热管道换热之前,还会再经过同轴的高压管和低压管的换热,得到更低温度的制冷剂,这样能进一步降低流入电池冷却器的制冷剂的温度,从而能提高制冷第四换热管道中的冷却液的能力,有助于提高对电驱器的制冷效果。
M19,电池单独制热的模式。
图12H示例性示出一种在电池单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12H所示,在M19模式下,控制器可以连通三通阀的第二端c 62和三通阀42的第三端c 63,连通五通阀的第二端c 22和五通阀的第五端c 25、五通阀的第三端c 23和五通阀的第四端c 24,连通四通阀的第一端c 41与四通阀的第四端c 44,连通四通阀的第二端c 42与四通阀的第三端c 43,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第二端c 52,打开节流阀33,关断节流阀34(从而蒸发器不工作),打开水加热器,并启动水泵30、水泵31和水泵32。这种情况下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道,在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道(水泵30运行带动冷却液依次经由五通阀、水泵32、电池、四通阀和三通阀42后流入第四换热管道)换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体进而进入高压管与同轴的低压管二次换热得到更低温更低压的制冷剂液体,该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体在第三换热管道中与第四换热管道(水泵31运行带动冷却液依次经由三通阀41、电驱器和四通阀后流入第四换热管道)中的冷却液进行换热后经由低压管流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温冷却液先经由水加热器加热再输入暖风芯体,进而回到水泵30,乘员舱空调开启不制热不制冷模式,因此流经暖风芯体的冷却液并不会用于加热乘员舱,而是作为旁通流过暖风芯体之后回到水泵30,这样水泵30就能带动加热的冷却液循环流经电池,从而加热电池。控制器还可以通过控制水加热器的功率来控制加热电池的效果。第四换热管道换热得到的低温低压的冷却液流回水泵31,进而在循环过程中流经电驱器从而降温电驱器。这种方式在将第二换热管道输出的低温低压的制冷剂输入电池冷却器之前,还会再经过同轴的高压管和低压管的换热,得到更低温度的制冷剂,从而进一步降低流入电池冷却器的制冷剂的温度,提高电池冷却器制冷第四换热管道中的冷却液的能力,有助于提高对电驱器的制冷效果。
M21,除湿乘员舱的模式。
图12I示例性示出一种在除湿乘员舱的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图12I所示,在M21模式下,控制器可以连通三通阀42的第二端c 62和三通阀42的第三端c 63,连通五通阀的第二端c 22与五通阀的第三端c 23,连通四通阀的第三端c 43和四通阀的第二端c 42,连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第二端c 52,打开节流阀34,关闭节流阀33(从而电池冷却器不工作),打开水加热器,并启动水泵30和水泵31。这种情况下,压 缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道,在第二换热管道中与第一换热管道(水泵30运行带动冷却液依次经由五通阀、水泵31、三通阀41、电驱器、四通阀、三通阀42后流入第四换热管道)换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体进而进入高压管与同轴的低压管二次换热得到更低温更低压的制冷剂液体,该更低温更低压的制冷剂液体流入蒸发器进行降温,之后经由低压管流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温冷却液先经由水加热器加热再输入暖风芯体,进而回到水泵30。乘员舱空调开启除湿模式,乘员舱空调会先使用蒸发器对环境空气进行降温除湿,再通过暖风芯体进行加热除湿后的空气,最后将干燥暖风吹入乘员舱。此外,该冷却液环路中的冷却液还会流经电驱器,电驱器的温度需要控制在50℃以下,因此,当该冷却液环路中的冷却液温度不高于50℃时,该温度足够用于降温电驱器,因此控制器可以如图12I所示意的直接连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第二端c 52。当温度高于50℃时,该温度不足以降温电驱器,此时控制器还可以连通三通阀41的第一端c 51与三通阀41的第三端c 52,使该冷却液环路中的冷却液先通过前端冷却模组降温再流经电驱器,从而达到冷却电驱冷却的目的。当然,在冷却电驱器时,具体是同时连通两路,还是只连通经过前端冷却模组降温的支路,则可以由用户根据实际需要进行设置。
上述只是示例性介绍本申请实施例三中的热管理系统所能实现的几种模式。应理解,实施例三中的热管理系统还可以实现除上述几种模式以外的其它模式,例如电机单独制冷的模式、电机单独制热的模式、整车除湿的模式、电池加热且整车除湿的模式等。且,同一种模式实际上还可以通过各种不同的环路来实现,而并不限定只有上述介绍出的那一种,本申请对此不再一一介绍。
本申请实施例中,实施例三中新增的三通阀42也可以和四通阀合并成一个新的五通阀,这个新的五通阀的五个端口分别用于实现四通阀和三通阀42的端口功能,以便于进一步简化热管理系统的结构。
在一种可选地实施方式中,针对于上述任一实施例,还可以将各冷却液的流动管道设置在一个冷却液基板中,将各制冷剂的流动管道设置在一个制冷剂基板中。通过将管道封装在基板中,能使各个部件直接在基板上引水或进口,而不用再穿插走线,从而有助于进一步简化各种管道走线,避免产生走线干扰。图13示例性示出该实施方式对应的一种热管理系统的内部爆炸视图,如图13所示,在此方案中,三通阀与四通阀402合并为第二个五通阀,前管路基板用于替代制冷剂管路,后管路基板用于代替冷却液管路,板换包括水冷冷凝器以及电池冷却器。电子驱动单元(electrical driver unit,EDU)包括图11所示意的总集成系统中全部的电驱动模块,例如可以包括压缩机、电机控制器、水加热器(例如类型可以为正的温度系数(positive temperature coefficient,PTC)水加热器)控制器、水泵控制器和水阀控制器等,EDU可以通过驱动线与总集成系统中其它的带电部件连接。
图14示例性示出本发明实施例提供的一种热管理系统的外观结构图,参照图14所示,可知,热管理系统在外观上呈现一个模块化的结构,具有整体结构较为紧凑、管路连接简洁和外观整齐等优点。
实施例四
图15A示例性示出本申请实施例四提供的一种热管理系统的结构示意图,如图15A所示,该热管理系统中可以包括压缩机Comp、水冷冷凝器WCOND、电池冷却器Chiller、九通阀、三通阀T-valve、客舱水泵EWP_H、电池水泵EWP_B和电驱水泵EWP_P、单向 阀。其中,水冷冷凝器可以包括第一换热管道和第二换热管道,电池冷却器可以包括第三换热管道和第四换热管道。其中,第一换热管道的输入端d 11通过三通阀的d 32端与乘员舱空调箱暖风芯体的输出端连接,暖风芯体的输入端与水加热器WTC的输出端相连,并经由客舱水泵EWP_H与九通阀的端口1相连;第一换热管道的输出端d 12连接九通阀的端口8;第二换热管道的输入端d 13连接压缩机Comp的输出端;第二换热管道的输出端d 14分为两条支路,一条支路连接电池冷却器Chiller的输入端d 21并经过电池冷却器Chiller的输出端d 22、压缩机Comp回到水冷冷凝器WCOND,另一条支路连接蒸发器EVAP的输入端,并经过蒸发器的输出端、压缩机Comp后回到水冷冷凝器WCOND;第三换热管道的输入端d 21连接水冷冷凝器WCOND的输出端d 14,第三换热管道的输出端d 22连接压缩机Comp;第四换热管道的输入端d 23连接九通阀的端口3;第四换热管道的输出端 24连接九通阀的端口6。
需要注意的是,本申请提供实施例中的节流阀也可以具有电子膨胀阀的功能。例如,节流阀EXV_H与蒸发器的输入端相连,制冷剂在经过节流阀EXV_H时降压膨胀。
如图15A所示,与实施例二相比,实施例四的主要区别如下:
1.新增一条连接接九通阀电池回路的出口与暖通回路的管路,如九通阀端口7至P 1段所示;且在此管路上新增单向阀一个,如V 1所示;冷却液仅能从九通阀向暖通回路流动;
2.新增一条连接暖通回路与电池回路的管路,如三通阀T-valve至P 2段所示,此管路上新增的三通阀可进行流量控制;
3.水电暖加热(Water Temperature Coefficient,WTC)位置由暖风芯体(HEX)与水冷冷凝器(WCOND)之间移动至暖风芯体(HEX)与水泵(EWP_H)之间;
4.原方案电驱水壶(Tank_P)与暖通水壶(Tank_H)合一为水壶(Tank),水壶(Tank)由与暖心回路串联的位置改到与电驱回路并联的位置,补水位置为电驱水泵(EWP_P)和电驱部件之间,排气位置为散热水箱(Radiator)。
下面仍以实施例一中示例出的几种模式为例,示例性介绍本申请实施例四中的热管理系统所能实现的一些模式。实施例四同样具有多种工作模式,包括:乘员舱和电池同时制冷、乘员舱单独冷却、电池单独冷却、电池自然冷却、电机自然冷却、乘员舱和电池同时制热、乘员舱单独制热、电池单独制热、采暖除湿+电池冷却、采暖除湿。由于不同模式下传感器、执行器工作逻辑有较多相似之处,本实施例中未提及的细节可参考本申请提供的其他实施例。以下为具体介绍:
需要说明的是,本申请中所述乘员舱也称为客舱。
M10,乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式。
在一种可能的场景中,在该模式下进行客舱冷却、电池冷却、电驱散热,可应用于夏季高温条件下电池与客舱同时需要降温的场景。
图15A示例性示出一种在乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图。如图15A所示,在M10模式下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经一个支路传输至蒸发器为客舱降温并流回压缩机,此时客舱中的空调设置为全冷模式(全冷模式属于制冷模式中的一种,全冷模式是指同时对乘员舱和电池制冷)。该低温低压的制冷剂液体另一个支路在电池冷却器处经过第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液降温,从而得到低温的冷却液。该低温的冷却液通过九通阀流至电池,从而为电池降温。这种情况下,电池通过电池 冷却器中降温后的冷却液制冷,乘员舱通过水冷冷凝器中降温后的制冷剂制冷,电驱器通过前端冷却模组中降温后的冷却液自然冷却。在这种模式中,水加热器未启动,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生较大影响。
M11,乘员舱单独制冷的模式。
在一种可能的场景中,仅客舱有制冷需求。图15B示例性示出一种在乘员舱单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图。如图15B所示,在M11模式下,关闭节流阀EXV_B,电池冷却器不工作,启动客舱水泵EWP_H和电驱水泵EWP_P。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体传输至蒸发器为客舱降温后流回压缩机,此时客舱中的空调设置为制冷模式。客舱水泵EWP_H带动的冷却液经过前端冷却模块CFM进行自然降温。在此模式中,水加热器未启动,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生较大影响。
M12,电池单独制冷的模式。
在一种可能的场景中,客舱无需制冷,电池有制冷需求(强制制冷),例如电池快充。
图15C示例性示出一种在电池单独制冷的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图。如图15C所示,在M12模式下,打开节流阀EXV_B,关闭节流阀EXV_H,此时蒸发器不工作。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液降温,得到低温的冷却液后流回压缩机。第四换热管道换热得到的低温的冷却液通过九通阀流至电池,从而为电池降温。这种情况下,电池通过电池冷却器中降温后的冷却液制冷。在此模式中,水加热器未启动,因此暖风芯体上流过的冷却液只是作为旁路流经空调箱,并不会对驾驶室的温度产生较大影响。
M14,电池自然冷却的模式。
在一种可能的场景中,客舱处于通风状态而无制热或制冷需求,电池有冷却需求(自然冷却),电驱有散热需求。
图15D示例性示出一种在电池自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图15D所示,在M14模式下,关闭节流阀EXV_B和EXV_H,电池冷却器和蒸发器不工作。启动电池水泵EWP_B和电驱水泵EWP_P。电池水泵EWP_B运行时所带动的冷却液经过电池、九通阀、第四换热管道(由于电池冷却器都不工作,因此第四换热管道实际上只作为管道流通,而不执行换热)、九通阀流至前端冷却模组进行降温,然后流至电驱器以冷却电驱器等零部件,进而经由电驱水泵EWP_P、九通阀、电池水泵EWP_B后流回至电池。这种情况下,电池和电驱器均通过前端冷却模组降温的冷却液自然冷却。
M15,电机自然冷却的模式。
在一种可能的场景中,客舱处于通风状态而无制热或制冷需求,电池也无制热或冷却需求,电驱有散热需求。
图15E示例性示出一种在电机自然冷却的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图15E所示,在M15模式下,关闭节流阀EXV_B和EXV_H,电池冷却器和蒸发器不工作。电驱水泵EWP_P运行时所带动的冷却液经由九通阀流入前端冷却模组进行降温,然后流至电驱器冷却电驱器等零部件。这种情况下,电驱器通过经前端冷却模组降温后的冷却液自然冷却。
M16,乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式。
在一种可能的场景中,客舱有制热需求,电池有制热需求(热泵加热),电驱有散热需求。
图15F示例性地示出一种在乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图。如图15F所示,在M16模式下,压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道时与第一换热管道换热,从而为第一换热管道的冷却液加热;同时,制冷剂在电池冷却器经过第三换热管道与第四换热管道中的冷却液进行热交换;第四换热管道中的冷却液又经九通阀在前端换热模块中与外部环境发生热交换。第一换热管道换热后得到的高温的制冷剂液体经九通阀、客舱水泵EWP_H后由水加热器加热后流入暖风芯体。乘员舱空调开启全热模式(全热模式属于制热模式中的一种,全热模式是指同时对乘员舱和电池制热),因此乘员舱空调会先经由暖风芯体加热对环境空气后再吹到乘员舱中,以制热乘员舱。第四换热管道中的低温的冷却液通过九通阀流至电驱器,电驱器通过经电池冷却器和前端模块降温后的冷却液进行冷却。
与实施例二的区别在于,在实施例四中,新增一条连接接九通阀电池回路的出口与暖通回路的管路,如九通阀端口7至P 1段所示;且在此管路上新增单向阀一个,如V 1所示;冷却液仅能从九通阀向暖通回路流动;并且,实施例四新增一条连接暖通回路与电池回路的管路,如三通阀T-valve至P 2段所示,此管路上新增的三通阀可进行流量控制。
如图15F所示,客舱暖通回路和电池回路的温度控制可以通过对水加热器WTC和三通阀V 1的控制实现。
在客舱回路部分,冷却液由客舱水泵EWP_H驱动,经过水加热器WTC升温后到达暖风芯体HEX,再经过三通阀T-valve到达冷凝器。冷却液在冷凝器吸热升温,并经过九通阀后回到水泵EWP_H。
在电池回路部分,冷却液由水泵EWP_B驱动,经过电池、九通阀后回到水泵EWP_B。由于冷却液可以通过回路的管道与环境进行少量的热交换,当电池温度较低时,冷却液在电池回路中的循环能够帮助电池通过该回路的小循环与环境换热。
当客舱和电池需要同时加热时,冷却液经水泵EWP_H、水加热器WTC、暖风芯体流至三通阀,经三通阀的输出端口d 32和输出端口d 33分为两条支路,并由三通阀的状态决定冷却液分别经这两条支路流向冷凝器和流向电池回路的比例。例如,冷却液经输入端口d 31流入三通阀,当三通阀被配置为100%经输出端口d 32输出时,由暖风芯体流出的冷却液经过三通阀后100%流向冷凝器;又如,当三通阀被配置为100%经输出端口d 33输出时,由暖风芯体流出的冷却液经过三通阀后100%流向电池回路;又如,当三通阀被配置为30%经输出端口d 32输出,70%经输出端口d 33输出时,由暖风芯体流出的冷却液经过三通阀后,30%的冷却液流向冷凝器,70%的冷却液流向电池回路。客舱回路的冷却液进入电池回路,并依次经过水泵EWP_B、电池、九通阀后,经由新增管路和单向阀V 1流至冷凝器,并经过九通阀后回到客舱水泵EWP_H。
由此,本申请实施例四所述的方案可以通过新增的管路对客舱回路或电池回路的温度进行单独控制。或者,可以根据客舱和电池加热的需求优先级,为客舱或电池优先加热。本申请实施例四提供的方案具有加热回路短、加热速度快、客舱和电池加热温度控制更准确等优势。
首先,在本申请实施例四提供的方案中,客舱回路与电池回路可以单独循环。相比于 本申请提供的一些实施例中的客舱回路与电池回路串联的方案,实施例四的加热回路短,流动阻力更小。尤其在客舱和电池需要同时加热时,实施例四提供的方案具有加热更快的优势。
同时,本领域技术人员可以理解的是,客舱加热和电池加热对于冷却液的温度需求不同:一般来说,客舱加热所需的冷却液温度高于电池加热所需的冷却液温。例如,一种可能的情况,客舱加热模式下暖风芯体中冷却液的温度范围为50℃~60℃,而电池加热所需冷却液的温度范围为30℃~45℃。因此,在本申请实施例四提供的方案中,电池回路可以通过三通阀对加热温度进行独立控制,以避免冷却液温度过高超过电池的温度需求范围,从而避免了高温对电池的损害。
在一种可能的应用场景中,本申请实施例四提供的方案可以在冬天远程唤醒车辆后对客舱和电池进行预热。此时,回路短、加热快的优势有利于更快地使客舱和电池在寒冬达到预设温度。
在一种可能的应用场景中,本申请实施例四提供的方案可以在车辆冬季运行时为电池补热。当车辆在冬季运行时,电池的温度可能降低到合适温度范围以下;同时,车辆在运行过程中乘客对客舱也有制热需求。因此,在车辆运行时,本申请实施例四提供的方案可以在为客舱加热的过程中为电池进行加热。同时,也能够避免冷却水温度过高对电池的损伤。
在一种可能的应用场景中,本申请实施例四提供的方案可以在电池充电之前对电池进行预热。例如,在汽车预约了充电服务以后,对电池进行提前预热有利于提高充电效率。因此,在车辆运行时,尤其在冬季运行时,本申请实施例四提供的方案可以在为客舱加热的过程中,更精准地为电池进行加热。
需要说明的是,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,对本申请实施例中元件的位置进行调整并不脱离本申请的发明实质。例如,在客舱回路中,WTC和水泵可以互换位置;又如,在电池回路中,水泵和电池可以互换位置。
M18,乘员舱单独制热的模式。
在一种可能的场景中,客舱有采暖需求,电池均温,电驱有散热需求。
图15G示例性示出一种在乘员舱单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图15G所示,在M18模式下,打开节流阀EXV_B,关闭节流阀EXV_H,蒸发器不工作。压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体经过第二换热管道与第一换热管道换热得到低温低压的制冷剂液体,该低温低压的制冷剂液体经过第三换热管道为第四换热管道中的冷却液降温,并流回压缩机。第一换热管道换热得到的高温冷却液经过九通阀和客舱水泵EWP_H,并经由水加热器加热后流入暖风芯体。乘员舱空调开启制热模式,因此乘员舱空调会先经由暖风芯体加热对环境空气后再吹到乘员舱中,以制热乘员舱。控制器还可以通过调节水加热器WTC的功率来调节乘员舱的制热效果。暖风芯体流出的高温冷却液流回水冷冷凝器。第四换热管道中的低温冷却液通过九通阀和前端冷却模块后流至电驱器以对电驱器降温,进而流回电驱水泵EWP_P。这种情况下,乘员舱经由第三换热管道和/或水加热器加热的冷却液进行加热,电驱器通过经电池冷却器降温的冷却液进行冷却。在此模式中,电池回路的冷却液由电池水泵EWP_B驱动,经电池、九通阀后回到电池水泵EWP_B,通过管路与环境进行少量的热交换。
本申请实施例四提供的方案在M18模式下,可应用于如下场景:例如,用户冬天坐在 电动汽车的客舱内,但外界环境温度还在电池可承受的范围内。通过按照上述方式将热管理系统调节到M18模式能够单独制热客舱。
M19,电池单独制热的模式。
在一种可能的场景中,客舱处于通风状态,无加热或制冷需求,电池具有加热需求,电驱具有散热需求。
图15H示例性示出一种在电池单独制热的模式下热管理系统的连通关系示意图,如图15H所示,在M19模式下,打开节流阀EXV_B,关闭节流阀EXV_H,蒸发器不工作。冷却液由客舱水泵EWP_H驱动进入水加热器WTC,并由水加热器WTC加热后流入暖风芯体。之后,冷却液经过第一换热管道,并在第一换热管道与第二换热管道中来自压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体换热。经第一换热管道换热得到的高温冷却液经过九通阀、电池水泵EWP_B后到达电池,并经九通阀再次回到客舱水泵EWP_H。其中,当冷却液在暖风芯体处时,由于客舱空调未开启,因此乘员舱空调不会使用暖风芯体加热环境空气,即乘员舱不加热。控制器还可以通过调节水加热器的功率来调节电池的制热效果。第四换热管道中经过换热后的低温的冷却液通过九通阀流至电驱器以降温电驱器。这种情况下,电池经由在第一换热管道换热后的冷却液和/或水加热器加热的冷却液进行加热,电驱器通过电池冷却器降温的冷却液进行冷却。
如图15I所示,在一种可能的场景中,客舱有采暖除湿需求,电池有冷却需求,电驱有散热需求。本模式适用于春秋季节、冬季长时间行驶、冬季充电怠速等场景。空调开启除湿模式,即先经由蒸发器进行降温除湿,再经由水加热器加热后的冷却液进行升温。电池通过电池冷却器冷却后的冷却液散热。电驱系统通过客舱回路及前端模块冷却的冷却液散热。
如图15J所示,在一种可能的场景中,客舱采暖除湿,电池无制热或冷却需求,电驱有散热需求。关闭节流阀EXV_B,打开节流阀EXV_H,电池冷却器Chiller不工作。空调开启除湿模式,即先经由蒸发器进行降温除湿,再经由水加热器加热后的冷却液进行升温。电池回路均温或不工作。电驱回路通过前端散热模块进行散热。
上述只是示例性介绍本申请实施例四中的热管理系统所能实现的几种模式。应理解,同一种模式实际上还可以通过各种不同的环路来实现,而并不限定只有上述介绍出的那一种,本申请对此不再一一介绍。
实施例四的元件具有多种集成方式。如图16所示,为实施例四方案元件的集成方式一。集成方式一采用总集成onebox的方式,包括电子驱动单元(electrical driver unit,EDU)、CTU(center thermal unit,CTU)、IHU(indirect heat unit,IHU),压缩机模块可选。EDU为控制器,可与VDC(vehicle domain controller,VDC)相连。CTU包括:液冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、电子膨胀阀、电池水泵、电机水泵、九通阀、储液罐、水路单向阀、制冷剂基板、冷却液基板。IHU包括:暖风三通阀、PTC、暖风水泵。
如图17所示,为实施例四方案元件的集成方式二,也即CTU。CTU包括:液冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、电子膨胀阀、电池水泵、电机水泵、九通阀、储液罐、水路单向阀、制冷剂基板、冷却液基板。
如图18所示,为实施例四方案元件的集成方式三,也即IHU。IHU包括:暖风三通阀、PTC、暖风水泵。
另外,集成方式还可以为CTU和IHU的集成,本申请未示出。
实施例五
如图19所示,为本申请提供的实施例五。如图19所示,本申请实施例五提供的方案在实施例四的基础上做了如下改动:1.压缩机出口与储液罐之间新增并联管路,如P 4至储液罐之间的并联管路所示,并在该段管路上依次排布可调节开度的电磁阀V 2、室内冷凝器Icond和单向阀V 3;并且,此并联管路起始点在压缩机出口处,终止点位于水冷冷凝器(WCOND)与储液罐之间;2.水冷冷凝器(WCOND)之后新增单向阀V 4;3.水冷冷凝器(WCOND)之前新增可调节开度的电磁阀V 3。由此,当乘员舱有制热需求时,可以关闭V 3,打开V 2,由压缩机输出的高温高压的制冷剂气体可以直接进入室内冷凝器(inner condenser),图中标记为Icond;供热通风及空调系统HVAC工作以加热乘员舱内的空气。与本申请提供的一些实施例中乘员舱加热的方案不同,实施例五可以直接使用由压缩机Comp输出的高温高压的制冷剂在Icond中放热来实现乘员舱制热功能,不需要通过制冷剂在水冷冷凝器中与冷却液换热后再通过冷却液在暖风芯体HEX中的放热来对乘员舱进行加热。相比之下,实施例五提供的方案在对乘员舱进行加热时具有加热回路短、换热损失少、加热速度快等优势。
本处仅着重对实施例五的区别之处进行说明,本领域的技术人员可以理解,实施例五同样具有多种工作模式,包括:乘员舱和电池同时制冷、乘员舱单独冷却、电池单独冷却、电池自然冷却、电机自然冷却、乘员舱和电池同时制热、乘员舱单独制热、电池单独制热、采暖除湿+电池冷却、采暖除湿等。各工作模式下传感器、执行器工作逻辑有较多相似之处,本实施例中未提及的细节可参考本申请提供的其他实施例,本处不再赘述。
此外,需要说明的是,在本申请提供的实施例四或实施例五中,可以控制冷却液经过九通阀的端口9(绕过前段冷却模块)而直接流至电驱系统的各个零部件,其管路如图15A至15J以及图19中端口9与P 0点之间以虚线所示。
应理解,本申请中的热管理系统还可以适用于其它任意通过电驱器驱动运行的车辆,而不只限于电动汽车,本申请对此不作具体限定。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样,倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统包括压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、阀体组件、第一水泵、第二水泵和第三水泵;所述水冷冷凝器包括第一换热管道和第二换热管道,所述电池冷却器包括第三换热管道和第四换热管道;
    所述压缩机的输入端分别连接乘员舱空调箱中的蒸发器的输出端和所述第三换热管道的输出端,所述压缩机的输出端连接所述第二换热管道的输入端,所述第二换热管道的输出端分别连接所述蒸发器的输入端和所述第三换热管道的输入端;
    所述阀体组件的第一端通过第一管路连接所述阀体组件的第四端,所述第一管路上设置有所述第一换热管道、所述乘员舱空调箱中的暖风芯体和所述第一水泵;所述阀体组件的第二端通过第二管路连接所述阀体组件的第三端,所述第二管路上设置有所述第三换热管道;所述阀体组件的第五端通过第三管路连接所述阀体组件的第六端,所述第三管路上设置有所述第三水泵和电池;所述阀体组件的第七端通过第四管路分别连接所述阀体组件的第八端和所述阀体组件的第九端,所述第四管路上设置有所述第二水泵、所述电驱器和前端冷却模组中的冷却器。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统包括第一集成单元和第二集成单元,所述阀体组件、所述第一水泵、所述第二水泵和所述第三水泵中的一项或多项集成在所述第一集成单元中,所述压缩机、水冷冷凝器和电池冷却器中的一项或多项集成在所述第二集成单元中;或者,
    所述热管理系统包括第三集成单元,所述压缩机、水冷冷凝器、电池冷却器、所述阀体组件、所述第一水泵、所述第二水泵和所述第三水泵中的一项或多项集成在所述第三集成单元中。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述阀体组件为九通阀;
    在所述第一管路上,所述九通阀的第一端连接所述第一换热管道的输入端,所述第一换热管道的输出端连接所述暖风芯体的输入端,所述暖风芯体的输出端连接所述第一水泵的输入端,所述第一水泵的输出端连接所述九通阀的第四端;
    在所述第二管路上,所述九通阀的第二端连接所述第四换热管道的输出端,所述第四换热管道的输入端连接所述九通阀的第三端;
    在所述第三管路上,所述九通阀的第五端连接所述第三水泵的输出端,所述第三水泵的输入端连接所述电池的输出端,所述电池的输入端连接所述九通阀的第六端;
    在所述第四管路上,所述九通阀的第七端连接所述第二水泵的输出端,所述第二水泵的输入端连接所述电驱器的输出端,所述电驱器的输入端分别连接所述冷却器的输出端和所述九通阀的第八端,所述冷却器的输入端连接所述九通阀的第九端。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述阀体组件包括五通阀、四通阀和第一三通阀;所述五通阀的第一端连接所述四通阀的第三端;
    在所述第一管路上,所述五通阀的第一端连接所述第一换热管道的输入端,所述第一换热管道的输出端连接所述暖风芯体的输入端,所述暖风芯体的输出端连接所述第一水泵的输入端,所述第一水泵的输出端连接所述五通阀的第三端;
    在所述第二管路上,所述五通阀的第五端连接所述第四换热管道的输出端,所述第四换热管道的输入端连接所述四通阀的第一端;
    在所述第三管路上,所述四通阀的第二端连接所述电池的输出端,所述电池的输入端连接所述第三水泵的输出端,所述第三水泵的输入端连接所述五通阀的第四端;
    在所述第四管路上,所述第一三通阀的第一端连接所述第二水泵的输出端,所述第二水泵的输入端连接所述五通阀的第二端,所述第一三通阀的第三端连接所述冷却器的输入端,所述冷却器的输出端和所述第一三通阀的第二端分别连接所述电驱器的输入端,所述电驱器的输出端连接所述四通阀的第四端。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统中还包括第二三通阀;所述第二三通阀的第一端连接所述第三水泵的输入端,所述第二三通阀的第二端连接所述五通阀的第一端,所述第二三通阀的第三端连接所述四通阀的第三端。
  6. 如权利要求3至5中任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统中还包括同轴设置的高压管和低压管,所述高压管和所述低压管用于换热;
    所述高压管的输入端连接所述第二换热管道的输出端,所述高压管的输出端分别连接所述第三换热管道的输入端和所述蒸发器的输入端;所述低压管的输入端分别连接所述暖风芯体的输出端和所述第三换热管道的输出端,所述低压管的输出端连接所述压缩机的输入端。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统还包括水加热器,所述水加热器的输入端连接所述第一换热管道的输出端,所述水加热器的输出端连接所述暖风芯体的输入端。
  8. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统中还包括第一节流阀和第二节流阀;所述第一节流阀的输入端和所述第二节流阀的输入端分别连接所述第二换热管道的输出端,所述第一节流阀的输出端连接所述第三换热管道的输入端,所述第二节流阀的输出端连接所述蒸发器的输入端。
  9. 如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统中还包括储液罐,所述储液罐设置在所述第二换热管道的输出端外侧,所述储液罐的输入端连接所述第二换热管道的输出端,所述储液罐的输出端连接所述阀体组件的第一端。
  10. 如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统中还包括气液分离器,所述气液分离器的输入端分别连接所述蒸发器的输出端和所述第三换热管道的输出端,所述气液分离器的输出端连接所述压缩机的输入端。
  11. 如权利要求3至10中任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统中还包括第一水壶和第二水壶,所述第一水壶的输入端连接所述暖风芯体的输出端,所述第一水壶的输出端连接所述第一水泵的输入端,所述第二水壶的输入端连接所述电驱器的输出端,所述第二水壶的输出端连接所述阀体组件的第七端。
  12. 一种电动汽车,其特征在于,包括控制器、以及如权利要求1至权利要求11中任一项所述的热管理系统、乘员舱空调、电池、驱动器和前端冷却模组,所述控制器与所述热管理系统中的各个阀连接;
    所述控制器,用于通过控制所述各个阀的导通和关断,实现如下模式中的任一模式:
    乘员舱和电池同时制冷的模式、乘员舱单独冷却的模式、电池单独冷却的模式、电池冷却且乘员舱加热的模式、电池自然冷却的模式、驱动器自动冷却的模式、乘员舱和电池同时制热的模式、电池制热且乘员舱除湿的模式、乘员舱单独制热的模式、电池单独制热的模式、整车除湿的模式。
PCT/CN2021/096175 2020-09-22 2021-05-26 一种热管理系统及电动汽车 WO2022062445A1 (zh)

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