WO2022061966A1 - 一种南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022061966A1
WO2022061966A1 PCT/CN2020/120068 CN2020120068W WO2022061966A1 WO 2022061966 A1 WO2022061966 A1 WO 2022061966A1 CN 2020120068 W CN2020120068 W CN 2020120068W WO 2022061966 A1 WO2022061966 A1 WO 2022061966A1
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powder
component composition
oil
slow
pellet feed
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French (fr)
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姜森颢
童心雨
刘秋宁
葛宝明
杨瑞平
李豫婷
陈露露
张代臻
唐伯平
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盐城师范学院
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of seafood culture, in particular to a slow-release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of Apostichopus japonicus, and a preparation method of the feed.
  • Apostichopus japonicus is one of the pillar aquaculture economic species in my country's mariculture industry. Due to the limitation of natural distribution, my country's traditional sea cucumber breeding areas are mainly concentrated in the coastal areas around Liaodong and Shandong Peninsula, and the southern provinces mainly cultivate or fish other sea cucumber species with relatively low economic value. In recent years, with the increase in market demand and considerable breeding benefits, the eastern and southern coastal areas of China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, etc.) have risen to the south of the sea cucumber breeding upsurge.
  • Apostichopus japonicus farming refers to the sea cucumber farming and production in the non-traditional production areas and natural habitats of sea cucumbers along the coast of my country's territorial sea south of 35° north latitude. This method solves the problem of slow growth of Apostichopus japonicus under the low temperature conditions in northern winter, and shortens the cycle of cultivation and marketing of finished products.
  • the present invention proposes a slow-release method that can effectively promote the digestion, absorption and utilization of nutrients by breeding animals, and improve the growth performance, breeding output and economic benefits of Apostichopus japonicus.
  • Pellet feed, and a preparation method of the feed is also disclosed.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a slow-release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of Apostichopus japonicus, characterized in that: the feed is formed by mixing the following components according to mass percentage:
  • the protein component composition is formed by mixing the following components according to mass percentage: 40% to 55% of the protein nutrition enhancement composition, 15% to 25% of hijiki powder, 5% to 8% of seaweed powder, and Suaeda salsa powder 15% ⁇ 20%, shrimp head powder 5% ⁇ 6%, mussel powder 2% ⁇ 3%,
  • protein nutrition enhancement composition is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio:
  • the oil component composition is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio:
  • the starch component composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to mass percentage: 40%-55% of bread residue, 25%-40% of biscuit residue, and 15%-30% of corn germ powder.
  • the functional component composition is formed by mixing the following components according to mass percentage: squid viscera powder 5% to 8%, soy sauce residue powder 2% to 3%, digestion and absorption promoting composition 20% to 25%, Bottom mud powder 60% to 65%, squid inner shell powder 5% to 10%,
  • composition for promoting digestion and absorption is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio:
  • the above-mentioned preparation method of slow-release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of Apostichopus japonicus is characterized in that: the solid feed raw materials are subjected to ultrafine pulverization of 200 meshes to 300 meshes, and the pulverized raw materials are mixed uniformly after stirring. , adding 55°C distilled water accounting for 20% of the solid raw material mass to ripen the raw material, and adding 6% to 8% of the solid raw material mass during the aging process.
  • the oil component is composed of fish oil, palm oil and alkali.
  • the seed oil is mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the slow-release pellet feed disclosed in the present invention can provide high-level, special and continuous nutrient supply for A. japonicus in the rapid growth period of spring and autumn, and significantly improve the growth rate of A. japonicus in this specific period. and body wall to body weight ratio and other production performance, to ensure a good breeding production effect during the rapid growth period.
  • the protein nutrition-enhancing composition can provide high-level and enhanced nutrient supply for Apostichopus japonicus during the rapid growth period, and significantly improve the production performance of A. japonicus during this period; while promoting the digestion and absorption of specific composition components , it can significantly enhance the digestion and absorption capacity of Apostichopus japonicus during the rapid growth period, and promote the improvement of the production performance of farmed animals.
  • the pellet feed of the invention has good slow-release property, effectively prolongs the feeding time of the south-moved sea cucumber to the feed, and improves the feed utilization rate.
  • the feed of the present invention has a simple and convenient preparation method, and the standardization and operability of the technical process are strong.
  • the good palatability can be achieved by the single-time curing technology, and the strong attracting effect of the feed makes the aggregation and tendency of the southern-moving sea cucumber to the feed of the present invention obvious.
  • the main raw materials of this feed are pure natural animal and plant ingredients, which will not cause eutrophication or chemical pollution of aquaculture water and surrounding sea areas during use, and it is a green and environmentally friendly feed.
  • a slow-release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of Apostichopus japonicus which is prepared by mixing the following components according to mass percentage:
  • the protein component composition is formed by mixing the following components according to mass percentage: 40% to 55% of the protein nutrition enhancement composition, 15% to 25% of hijiki powder, 5% to 8% of seaweed powder, and Suaeda salsa powder 15% ⁇ 20%, shrimp head powder 5% ⁇ 6%, mussel powder 2% ⁇ 3%,
  • protein nutrition enhancement composition is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio:
  • the oil component composition is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio:
  • the starch component composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to mass percentage: 40%-55% of bread residue, 25%-40% of biscuit residue, and 15%-30% of corn germ powder.
  • the functional component composition is formed by mixing the following components according to mass percentage: squid viscera powder 5% to 8%, soy sauce residue powder 2% to 3%, digestion and absorption promoting composition 20% to 25%, Bottom mud powder 60% to 65%, squid inner shell powder 5% to 10%,
  • composition for promoting digestion and absorption is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio:
  • the above-mentioned preparation method of slow-release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of Apostichopus japonicus is characterized in that: the solid feed raw materials are subjected to ultrafine pulverization of 200 meshes to 300 meshes, and the pulverized raw materials are mixed uniformly after stirring. , adding 55°C distilled water accounting for 20% of the solid raw material mass to ripen the raw material, and adding 6% to 8% of the solid raw material mass during the aging process.
  • the oil component is composed of fish oil, palm oil and alkali.
  • the seed oil is mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1.
  • the protein component composition includes: hijiki powder 9% (9% of the total mass, the same below), seaweed powder 3%, Suaeda powder 6%, shrimp head powder 3%, mussel powder 1%, protein Nutritional enhancement composition 24%, while protein nutrition enhancement composition includes: Gracilaria powder 10%, Saponaria 6%, Flounder skirt powder 4%, Nereworm powder 4%;
  • the oil and fat component composition includes: fish oil 2.2% (2.2% of the total mass, the same below), palm oil 3.3%, Suaeda salsa seed oil 1.1%;
  • the starch component composition comprises: bread residue powder 10% (10% of the total mass, the same below), biscuit residue powder 6%, corn germ powder 4%;
  • the functional component composition includes: squid viscera powder 2% (2% of the total mass, the same below), soy sauce residue powder 0.5%, specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption 6%, bottom mud powder 15%, squid inner shell powder 1.5%; while the specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption includes: hawthorn pomace powder 3.5%, orange peel powder 1.5%, grass cardamom powder 1%
  • the specific composition of the bioadhesive includes: 0.9% of fish scale glue powder (0.9% of the total mass, the same below) and 0.3% of locust bean glue powder.
  • the feed A of the invention is prepared by using the above-mentioned raw materials.
  • the experiments lasted 8 weeks and were carried out in the experimental enclosures of mariculture ponds in the spring.
  • the initial body weight of the experimental sea cucumber was 10.43 ⁇ 0.12g, and the stocking density was 5ind./m 2 .
  • the experimental Apostichopus japonicus was fed with feed A, compound feed B, compound feed C and compound feed D of the present invention respectively, once a day at 17:00, and the daily feeding amount was 6% to 8% of the animal's body weight. calculate.
  • the compound feed B, compound feed C and compound feed D here are all common commercially available compound feeds.
  • Formula and proportion of compound feed B 30kg sage powder, 22kg sea wormwood powder, 10kg degummed brown algae powder, 5kg fish meal, 4kg shrimp meal, 6kg soybean protein powder, 1.5kg shell powder, 0.6kg multivitamin, 0.9kg multivitamin , sea mud powder 20kg (per 100kg dry matter);
  • Formula and ratio of compound feed C 30kg of degummed kelp powder, 22kg of sea wormwood powder, 14kg of sea cabbage powder, 5kg of fish meal, 5kg of flour, 2.0kg of shell powder, 0.5kg of multivitamins, 0.5kg of multi-minerals, 21kg of sea mud powder (per 100kg dry matter);
  • Formula and proportion of compound feed D 48kg sage powder, 22kg sea wormwood powder, 4kg spirulina powder, 3kg oyster shell powder, 2kg marine red yeast powder, 0.5kg multivitamins, 0.5kg multivitamins, sea mud powder 20kg (per 100kg dry matter).
  • day specific growth rate, %.d -1 ; body wall weight ratio, %; survival rate, %; protease activity is 1 ⁇ g tyrosine produced by hydrolysis of casein per minute, is 1 enzyme activity unit, ⁇ g/min; fat The enzyme activity is 1 ⁇ mol fatty acid produced by catalysis per minute as 1 unit of enzyme activity, ⁇ mol/min.
  • the protein component composition includes: 27% of protein nutrition enhancement combination (27% of the total mass, the same below), 10% of hijiki powder, 2% of seaweed powder, 7.5% of suae powder, 2.5% of shrimp head powder, Mussel powder 1%; and the protein nutrition-enhancing combination includes gracilaria powder 11.2%, samphire 6.8%, flounder skirt powder 4.5%, and silkworm powder 4.5%;
  • the oil and fat component composition includes: 2% of fish oil (2% of the total mass, the same below), 3% of palm oil, 1% of Suaeda salsa seed oil;
  • the starch component composition includes: bread residue powder 8% (8% of the total mass, the same below), biscuit residue powder 5%, corn germ powder 3.5%;
  • the functional component composition includes: squid viscera powder 1.8% (1.8% of the total mass, the same below), soy sauce residue powder 0.6%, specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption 6%, bottom mud powder 15%, squid inner shell powder 1.6%; the specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption includes: hawthorn residue powder 3.5%, orange peel powder 1.5%, grass cardamom powder 1%;
  • the specific composition of the bioadhesive includes: 0.9% of fish scale glue powder (0.9% of the total mass, the same below) and 0.3% of locust bean glue powder.
  • the feed E of the invention is prepared by using the above-mentioned raw materials.
  • the protein component composition includes: 16.8% of protein nutrition enhancement composition (16.8% of the total mass, the same below), 10.5% of hijiki powder, 3.2% of seaweed powder, 8% of Suaeda salsa powder, 2.5% of shrimp head powder , mussel powder 1%; and the protein nutrition-enhancing composition comprises 7% gracilaria powder, 4.2% samphire, 2.8% flounder skirt powder, and 2.8% silkworm powder;
  • the oil and fat component composition includes: 2% of fish oil (2% of the total mass, the same below), 3% of palm oil, 1% of Suaeda salsa seed oil;
  • the starch component composition includes: bread residue powder 12% (12% of the total mass, the same below), biscuit residue powder 8%, corn germ powder 5%;
  • the functional component composition includes: squid viscera powder 1.9% (1.9% of the total mass, the same below), soy sauce residue powder 0.7%, specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption 4.9%, bottom mud powder 15%, squid inner shell powder 2%; and the specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption includes: hawthorn residue powder 2.9%, orange peel powder 1.2%, grass cardamom powder 0.8%;
  • the specific combination components of the biological adhesive include: 0.9% of fish scale glue powder (0.9% of the total mass, the same below), 0.3% of locust bean glue powder.
  • the feed F of the invention is prepared by using the above-mentioned raw materials.
  • the protein component composition comprises: hijiki powder 17.5% (17.5% of the total mass, the same below), seaweed powder 3.2%, Suaeda salsa powder 12.2%, shrimp head powder 5.3%, mussel powder 3.8%;
  • the oil and fat component composition includes: 2% of fish oil (2% of the total mass, the same below), 3% of palm oil, 1% of Suaeda salsa seed oil;
  • the starch component composition includes: bread residue powder 12% (12% of the total mass, the same below), biscuit residue powder 8%, corn germ powder 5%;
  • the functional component composition includes: squid viscera powder 3% (3% of the total mass, the same below), soy sauce residue powder 1%, bottom mud powder 17%, squid inner shell powder 3.5%;
  • the bioadhesive component composition includes: 0.9% of fish scale glue powder (0.9% of the total mass, the same below), 0.3% of locust bean glue powder.
  • the comparative slow-release pellet feed G was prepared by using the above-mentioned raw materials.
  • the experiments lasted 8 weeks and were carried out in the experimental enclosures of mariculture ponds in the autumn.
  • the initial body weight of the experimental sea cucumber was 15.03 ⁇ 0.28g, and the stocking density was 5ind./m 2 .
  • the experimental Apostichopus japonicus was fed with invention feed E, compound feed F and compound feed G, respectively, once a day at 17:00, and the daily feeding amount was calculated as 6% to 8% of the animal weight.
  • day specific growth rate, %.d -1 ; body wall weight ratio, %; survival rate, %; protease activity is 1 ⁇ g tyrosine produced by hydrolysis of casein per minute, is 1 enzyme activity unit, ⁇ g/min; fat The enzyme activity is 1 ⁇ mol fatty acid produced by catalysis per minute as 1 unit of enzyme activity, ⁇ mol/min.
  • Example 1 of the present invention According to the raw material formula, ratio and preparation method of Example 1 of the present invention, the invention feed A was prepared.
  • the protein component composition includes: 24% of protein nutrition enhancement composition (24% of the total mass, the same below), 9% of hijiki powder, 3% of seaweed powder, 6% of Suaeda salsa powder, 3% of shrimp head powder , 1% mussel powder; and the protein component composition comprises: 10% of Gracilaria powder, 6% of samphire, 4% of flounder skirt powder, 4% of silkworm powder;
  • the oil and fat component composition includes: fish oil 2.2% (2.2% of the total mass, the same below), palm oil 3.3%, Suaeda salsa seed oil 1.1%;
  • the starch component composition includes: bread residue powder 11% (11% of the total mass, the same below), biscuit residue powder 6%, corn germ powder 4.2%;
  • the functional component composition includes: squid viscera powder 2% (2% of the total mass, the same below), soy sauce residue powder 0.5%, specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption 6%, bottom mud powder 15%, squid inner shell powder 1.5%; and the specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption includes: hawthorn pomace powder 3.5%, orange peel powder 1.5%, grass cardamom powder 1%.
  • the above-mentioned raw materials are used to prepare the non-sustained-release comparative pellet feed I.
  • the experiment lasted for 8 weeks and was carried out in an indoor controlled aquaculture scientific research system.
  • Apostichopus japonicus was cultured in a PVC water tank with a diameter of 1.0 m and a volume of 0.8 t, with three parallel tanks for each of the two groups.
  • the initial body weight of the cultured animals was 5.35 ⁇ 0.12g, and the culture density was 20ind./m 3 .
  • the experimental Apostichopus japonicus was fed with feed A of the present invention and comparative feed I respectively, once every day at 17:00, the daily feeding amount was 8% of the body weight of the cultured animals, and the water was cleaned and changed twice a week.
  • the physical and chemical conditions of the water quality of the culture pond in the rapid growth period were simulated, and the air pump was used to inflate and increase oxygen. mg/L ⁇ 0.10mg/L.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 3.
  • day-specific growth rate %.d -1 ; body wall weight ratio, %; survival rate, %; feed dissolution rate, %; aggregation rate, %.
  • the feed of the invention is a high-quality feed that can be used in the rapid growth period of A. japonicus moving south in spring and autumn;
  • the feed of the present invention has a good slow-release effect, and it can maintain a low dissolution rate within 24 hours in aquaculture water, which is in line with the feeding characteristics and feeding rules of Apostichopus japonicus.
  • the feed coefficient of the invention is low, the aggregation rate of Apostichopus japonicus is high, and the Apostichopus japonicus has strong tendency and high utilization rate.
  • the feed of the present invention can provide high-level, effective and continuous nutrient supply for the south-moving sea cucumber in the fast growing period in spring and autumn.
  • the feed of the present invention can significantly improve the culture production performance in the specific growth period of Apostichopus japonicus; the protein nutrient-enhancing combination and the specific combination of promoting digestion and absorption in the feed raw materials can improve the growth performance and digestion and absorption capacity of Apostichopus japonicus.
  • the promotion effect is obvious; the specific combination of bioadhesives makes the feed of the present invention obtain a good slow-release property, and the feed has a strong attracting effect (higher aggregation rate), so that it can achieve continuous and stable effects on the sea cucumbers moving south.
  • Effective nutrient supply ensures good breeding production effect; the feed preparation method of the invention is simple and convenient, the raw materials are pure natural animal and plant components, and it is a green and environment-friendly product.
  • the feed of the invention is a high-quality slow-release pellet feed that can be used in the rapid growth period of Apostichopus japonicus.

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Abstract

一种南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：蛋白质组分组合物40％～50％，油脂组分组合物6％～8％，淀粉组分组合物15％～25％，复合维生素0.5％～0.6％，复合矿物盐0.7％～0.8％，功能性组分组合物20％～25％，生物粘合剂1.0％～1.5％。

Description

一种南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及海产品养殖领域，特别是一种南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，以及该饲料的制备方法。
背景技术
刺参是我国海水养殖业支柱性养殖经济品种之一。由于自然分布的限制，我国传统刺参增养殖区主要集中在辽东、山东半岛周边沿海地区，南方省份以养殖或捕捞其他经济价值相对较低的海参品种为主。近年来，随着市场需求量的增加和可观的养殖效益，我国东、南沿海各地区(江苏、浙江、福建、广东、广西和海南等)兴起了刺参南移养殖的热潮。所谓刺参南移养殖是指在北纬35°以南，我国领海沿岸的刺参非传统产区和自然栖息地开展的刺参养殖生产。此方式解决了北方冬季低温条件下刺参生长缓慢的问题，缩短了成品参养成与上市周期。
春、秋两季是南移养殖刺参的快速生长期，在此期间南移刺参对饵料的需求量持续增大，天然饵料无法满足其生长需求和生产产量的要求，补充性投饲就显得尤其必要。同时，在快速生长初期(越冬及夏眠后)还存在着养殖刺参体质较弱、对饲料营养供给水平和供给持续性要求较高等问题。针对南移刺参快速生长期内的养殖生态学特性，研制这一时期使用的缓释颗粒配合饲料，以获得较高的生长性能和养殖产量，是提高南移刺参养殖效率和经济收益的有效方法。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有技术所存在的上述不足，提出一种可有效促进养殖动物对营养物质的消化、吸收和利用，提高了南移刺参的生长性能、养殖产量和经济收益的缓释颗粒饲料，同时还公开了这种饲料的制备方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，其特征在于：所述的饲料由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：
蛋白质组分组合物40％～50％，油脂组分组合物6％～8％，淀粉组分组合物15％～25％，复合维生素0.5％～0.6％，复合矿物盐0.7％～0.8％，功能性组分组合物20％～25％，生物粘合剂1.0％～1.5％。
所述蛋白质组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：蛋白质营养增强组合物40％～55％，羊栖菜粉15％～25％，紫菜粉5％～8％，碱蓬粉15％～20％，虾头粉5 ％～6％，贻贝粉2％～3％，
且所述的蛋白质营养增强组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
江蓠粉:海蓬子粉:鲆鱼裙边粉:沙蚕粉＝5:3:2:2。
所述的油脂组分组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
鱼油:棕榈油:碱蓬籽油＝2:3:1。
所述的淀粉组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：面包渣40％～55％，饼干渣25％～40％，玉米胚芽粉15％～30％。
所述的功能性组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：乌贼内脏团粉5％～8％，酱油渣粉2％～3％，促消化吸收组合物20％～25％，底泥粉60％～65％，乌贼内壳粉5％～10％，
且所述的促消化吸收组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
山楂渣粉:橘皮粉:草豆蔻粉＝7:3:2。
所述的生物粘合剂由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：鱼鳞胶粉:刺槐豆胶粉＝3:1。
一种如上所述的南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料的制备方法，其特征在于：对固体饲料原料进行200目～300目的超微粉碎，粉碎后的原料经搅拌后混合均匀，加入占固体原料质量20％的55℃蒸馏水对原料进行熟化，在熟化过程中加入占固体原料质量6％～8％的油脂组分，而所述的油脂组分由鱼油、棕榈油和碱蓬籽油按照2:3:1的质量比混合而成，持续搅拌均匀后，挤压至团块状，将团块状物料投入制粒机中，制得直径3mm～5mm、含水量10％～12％的圆柱状颗粒饲料，再经密封、包装后制得成品的缓释颗粒饲料。
本发明同现有技术相比，具有如下优点：
本发明所公开的缓释颗粒饲料，可为春、秋两季快速生长期内的南移刺参提供高水平、特殊、持续的营养供给，显著提升南移刺参在此特定时期的生长速度和体壁体重比等生产性能，保证了快速生长期内良好的养殖生产效果。其中的蛋白质营养增强组合成分，能够在快速生长期内为南移刺参提供高水平、加强型的营养供给，显著提升了此时期内南移刺参的生产性能；而促消化吸收特定组合成分，则可以显著增强快速生长期内南移刺参的消化、吸收能力，促进养殖动物生产性能的提升；同时，其中的生物粘合剂特定组合成分，通过生物胶的科学配比及添加，使本发明颗粒饲料获得了良好的缓释性，有效延长了南移刺参对饲料的摄食时间，提高了饲料利用率。
本发明的饲料，其制备方法简便，技术流程的标准化与可操作性强。通过单次熟化技术即可达到良好的适口性，加之饲料较强的诱食作用，使南移刺参对本发明饲料的聚集性 和趋向性明显。本饲料的主要原料为纯天然动植物成分，其在使用过程中不会造成养殖水体和周边海域的富营养化或化学污染，属绿色环保型饲料。
具体实施方式
下面将说明本发明的具体实施方式。
一种南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：
蛋白质组分组合物40％～50％，油脂组分组合物6％～8％，淀粉组分组合物15％～25％，复合维生素0.5％～0.6％，复合矿物盐0.7％～0.8％，功能性组分组合物20％～25％，生物粘合剂1.0％～1.5％。
所述蛋白质组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：蛋白质营养增强组合物40％～55％，羊栖菜粉15％～25％，紫菜粉5％～8％，碱蓬粉15％～20％，虾头粉5％～6％，贻贝粉2％～3％，
且所述的蛋白质营养增强组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
江蓠粉:海蓬子粉:鲆鱼裙边粉:沙蚕粉＝5:3:2:2。
所述的油脂组分组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
鱼油:棕榈油:碱蓬籽油＝2:3:1。
所述的淀粉组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：面包渣40％～55％，饼干渣25％～40％，玉米胚芽粉15％～30％。
所述的功能性组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：乌贼内脏团粉5％～8％，酱油渣粉2％～3％，促消化吸收组合物20％～25％，底泥粉60％～65％，乌贼内壳粉5％～10％，
且所述的促消化吸收组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
山楂渣粉:橘皮粉:草豆蔻粉＝7:3:2。
所述的生物粘合剂由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：鱼鳞胶粉:刺槐豆胶粉＝3:1。
一种如上所述的南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料的制备方法，其特征在于：对固体饲料原料进行200目～300目的超微粉碎，粉碎后的原料经搅拌后混合均匀，加入占固体原料质量20％的55℃蒸馏水对原料进行熟化，在熟化过程中加入占固体原料质量6％～8％的油脂组分，而所述的油脂组分由鱼油、棕榈油和碱蓬籽油按照2:3:1的质量比混合而成，持续搅拌均匀后，挤压至团块状，将团块状物料投入制粒机中，制得直径3mm～5mm、含水量10％～12％的圆柱状颗粒饲料，再经密封、包装后制得成品的缓释颗粒饲料。
具体实施例
实施例1
制备南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，按蛋白质组分组合物46％，油脂组分组合物6.6％，淀粉组分组合物20％，复合维生素0.5％，复合矿物盐0.7％，功能性组分组合物25％，生物粘合剂组分组合物1.2％的配比配制饲料。
其中，蛋白质组分组合物包括：羊栖菜粉9％(总质量的9％，下同)、紫菜粉3％、碱蓬粉6％、虾头粉3％、贻贝粉1％、蛋白质营养增强组合物24％，而蛋白质营养增强组合物则包括：江蓠粉10％、海蓬子6％、鲆鱼裙边粉4％、沙蚕粉4％；
油脂组分组合物包括：鱼油2.2％(总质量的2.2％，下同)、棕榈油3.3％、碱蓬籽油1.1％；
淀粉组分组合物包括：面包渣粉10％(总质量的10％，下同)、饼干渣粉6％、玉米胚芽粉4％；
功能性组分组合物包括：乌贼内脏团粉2％(总质量的2％，下同)、酱油渣粉0.5％、促消化吸收特定组合物6％、底泥粉15％、乌贼内壳粉1.5％；而促消化吸收特定组合物包括：山楂渣粉3.5％、橘皮粉1.5％、草豆蔻粉1％
生物粘合剂特定组合物包括：鱼鳞胶粉0.9％(总质量的0.9％，下同)、刺槐豆胶粉0.3％。依本发明所述的制备方法，使用上述原料制得发明饲料A。
取发明饲料A进行养殖对比实验：
实验为期8周，于春季在海水养殖池塘的实验围隔中进行。围隔由孔径0.5cm的聚乙烯网构成，面积为16m 2/ind.(长×宽＝4m×4m)，每组处理3个平行围隔。实验刺参初始体质量为10.43±0.12g，放养密度为5ind./m 2。对实验南移刺参分别投喂本发明饲料A、配合饲料B、配合饲料C和配合饲料D，每日17:00时投喂一次，日投饵量按养殖动物体重的6％～8％计算。
这里的配合饲料B、配合饲料C和配合饲料D均为常见的市售配合饲料。
配合饲料B配方及比例：鼠尾藻粉30kg，海蒿子粉22kg，脱胶褐藻粉10kg，鱼粉5kg，虾粉4kg，大豆蛋白粉6kg，贝壳粉1.5kg，复合维生素0.6kg，复合矿物质0.9kg，海泥粉20kg(每100kg干物质计)；
配合饲料C配方及比例：脱胶海带粉30kg，海蒿子粉22kg，海青菜粉14kg，鱼粉5kg，面粉5kg，贝壳粉2.0kg，多种维生素0.5kg，多种矿物质0.5kg，海泥粉21kg(每100kg干物质计)；
配合饲料D配方及比例：鼠尾藻粉48kg，海蒿子粉22kg，螺旋藻粉4kg，牡蛎壳粉3kg，海洋红酵母粉2kg，多种维生素0.5kg，多种矿物质0.5kg，海泥粉20kg(每100kg干物质计)。
实验期间池塘水温为12.2℃～22.5℃，盐度为26.8～33.2，pH值为8.0±0.3，溶氧量为6.28mg/L～9.75mg/L，氨氮浓度为0.06mg/L～0.16mg/L。实验结果见表1。
表1不同配合饲料投喂南移刺参实验结果(实施例1)
Figure PCTCN2020120068-appb-000001
注：日特定生长率，％.d -1；体壁体重比，％；存活率，％；蛋白酶活力为每分钟水解酪蛋白产生1μg酪氨酸为1个酶活力单位，μg/min；脂肪酶活力为每分钟催化产生1μmol脂肪酸为1个酶活力单位，μmol/min。
实施例2
制备南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，按蛋白质组分组合物50％，油脂组分组合物6％，淀粉组分组合物16.5％，复合维生素0.6％，复合矿物盐0.7％，功能性组分组合物25％，生物粘合剂组分组合物1.2％的配比配制饲料。
其中，蛋白质组分组合物包括：蛋白质营养增强组合27％(总质量的27％，下同)、羊栖菜粉10％、紫菜粉2％、碱蓬粉7.5％、虾头粉2.5％、贻贝粉1％；且蛋白质营养增强组合包括江蓠粉11.2％、海蓬子6.8％、鲆鱼裙边粉4.5％、沙蚕粉4.5％；
油脂组分组合物包括：鱼油2％(总质量的2％，下同)、棕榈油3％、碱蓬籽油1％；
淀粉组分组合物包括：面包渣粉8％(总质量的8％，下同)、饼干渣粉5％、玉米胚芽粉3.5％；
功能性组分组合物包括：乌贼内脏团粉1.8％(总质量的1.8％，下同)、酱油渣粉0.6％、促消化吸收特定组合物6％、底泥粉15％、乌贼内壳粉1.6％；所述的促消化吸收特定组合物包括：山楂渣粉3.5％、橘皮粉1.5％、草豆蔻粉1％；
生物粘合剂特定组合物包括：鱼鳞胶粉0.9％(总质量的0.9％，下同)、刺槐豆胶粉0.3％。
依本发明所述的的制备方法，使用上述原料制得发明饲料E。
制备南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，按蛋白质组分组合物42％，油脂组分组合物6％，淀粉组分组合物25％，复合维生素0.6％，复合矿物盐0.7％，功能性组分组合物24.5％，生物粘合剂组分组合物1.2％的配比配制饲料。
其中，蛋白质组分组合物包括：蛋白质营养增强组合物16.8％(总质量的16.8％，下同)、羊栖菜粉10.5％、紫菜粉3.2％、碱蓬粉8％、虾头粉2.5％、贻贝粉1％；且蛋白质营养增强组合物包括江蓠粉7％、海蓬子4.2％、鲆鱼裙边粉2.8％、沙蚕粉2.8％；
油脂组分组合物包括：鱼油2％(总质量的2％，下同)、棕榈油3％、碱蓬籽油1％；
淀粉组分组合物包括：面包渣粉12％(总质量的12％，下同)、饼干渣粉8％、玉米胚芽粉5％；
功能性组分组合物包括：乌贼内脏团粉1.9％(总质量的1.9％，下同)、酱油渣粉0.7％、促消化吸收特定组合物4.9％、底泥粉15％、乌贼内壳粉2％；且促消化吸收特定组合物包括：山楂渣粉2.9％、橘皮粉1.2％、草豆蔻粉0.8％；
生物粘合剂特定组合组分包括：鱼鳞胶粉0.9％(总质量的0.9％，下同)、刺槐豆胶粉0.3％。
依本发明所述的的制备方法，使用上述原料制得发明饲料F。
制备对比缓释颗粒饲料，按蛋白质组分组合物42％，油脂组分组合物6％，淀粉组分组合物25％，复合维生素0.6％，复合矿物盐0.7％，功能性组分组合物24.5％，生物粘合剂组分组合物1.2％的配比配制饲料。
其中，蛋白质组分组合物包括：羊栖菜粉17.5％(总质量的17.5，下同)、紫菜粉3.2％、碱蓬粉12.2％、虾头粉5.3％、贻贝粉3.8％；
油脂组分组合物包括：鱼油2％(总质量的2％，下同)、棕榈油3％、碱蓬籽油1％；
淀粉组分组合物包括：面包渣粉12％(总质量的12％，下同)、饼干渣粉8％、玉米胚芽粉5％；
功能性组分组合物包括：乌贼内脏团粉3％(总质量的3％，下同)、酱油渣粉1％、底泥粉17％、乌贼内壳粉3.5％；
生物粘合剂组分组合物包括：鱼鳞胶粉0.9％(总质量的0.9％，下同)、刺槐豆胶粉0.3％。
依本发明所述的的制备方法，使用上述原料制得对比缓释颗粒饲料G。
取成品饲料进行养殖对比实验：
实验为期8周，于秋季在海水养殖池塘的实验围隔中进行。围隔由孔径0.5cm的聚乙烯网构成，面积为16m 2/ind.(长×宽＝4m×4m)，每组处理3个平行围隔。实验刺参初始体质量为15.03±0.28g，放养密度为5ind./m 2。对实验南移刺参分别投喂发明饲料E、配合饲料F和配合饲料G，每日17:00时投喂一次，日投饵量按养殖动物体重的6％～8％计算。实验期间池塘水温为22.1℃～11.4℃，盐度为28.3～32.6，pH值为8.1±0.5，溶氧量为7.42mg/L～9.98mg/L，氨氮浓度为0.04mg/L～0.19mg/L。实验结果见表2。
表2不同配合饲料投喂南移刺参实验结果(实施例2)
Figure PCTCN2020120068-appb-000002
注：日特定生长率，％.d -1；体壁体重比，％；存活率，％；蛋白酶活力为每分钟水解酪蛋白产生1μg酪氨酸为1个酶活力单位，μg/min；脂肪酶活力为每分钟催化产生1μmol脂肪酸为1个酶活力单位，μmol/min。
实施例3
依本发明实施例1的原料配方、比例和制备方法，制得发明饲料A。
制备非缓释颗粒饲料，按蛋白质组分组合物46％，油脂组分组合物6.6％，淀粉组分组合物21.2％，复合维生素0.5％，复合矿物盐0.7％，功能性组分组合物25％的配比配制饲料。
其中，蛋白质组分组合物包括：蛋白质营养增强组合物24％(总质量的24％，下同)、羊栖菜粉9％、紫菜粉3％、碱蓬粉6％、虾头粉3％、贻贝粉1％；且蛋白质组分组合物包括：江蓠粉10％、海蓬子6％、鲆鱼裙边粉4％、沙蚕粉4％；
油脂组分组合物包括：鱼油2.2％(总质量的2.2％，下同)、棕榈油3.3％、碱蓬籽油1.1％；
淀粉组分组合物包括：面包渣粉11％(总质量的11％，下同)、饼干渣粉6％、玉米胚芽粉4.2％；
功能性组分组合物包括：乌贼内脏团粉2％(总质量的2％，下同)、酱油渣粉0.5％、促消化吸收特定组合物6％、底泥粉15％、乌贼内壳粉1.5％；且促消化吸收特定组合物包括：山楂渣粉3.5％、橘皮粉1.5％、草豆蔻粉1％。
依本发明所述的制备方法，使用上述原料制得非缓释对比颗粒饲料I。
取成品饲料进行养殖对比实验：
实验为期8周，于室内可控水产养殖科研系统中进行。实验南移刺参养殖于PVC水槽中，水槽直径1.0m，容积0.8t，两组处理各3个平行水槽。养殖动物初始体质量为5.35±0.12g，养殖密度为20ind./m 3。实验刺参分别投喂本发明饲料A和对比饲料I，每日17:00时投喂一次，日投喂量为养殖动物体重的8％，每周清洁、换水两次。实验期间模拟快速生长期养殖池塘水质理化条件，使用气泵充气增氧，水温控制于15℃～18℃，盐度波动范围为27.8～32.1，pH值平均为7.9±0.3，氨氮浓度变化范围为0.02mg/L～0.10mg/L。实验结果见表3。
表3缓释与非缓释颗粒饲料投喂南移刺参实验结果(实施例3)
Figure PCTCN2020120068-appb-000003
注：日特定生长率，％.d -1；体壁体重比，％；存活率，％；饲料溶失率，％；聚集率，％。
由表1结果可知，与其他配合饲料相比，本发明饲料条件下南移刺参的生长速度明显更快，消化酶(蛋白酶、脂肪酶)活力显著更高，饲料系数显著更低。本发明饲料是可供南移刺参春、秋两季快迅生长期使用的优质饲料；
由表2结果可知，本发明饲料饲养南移刺参的生长率和消化酶(蛋白酶)活力要显著高于配合饲料G，而其饲料系数则要显著低于配合饲料G。这主要是由于配合饲料G未含有蛋白质营养增强和促消化吸收特定组合成分。相关结果充分体现了本发明饲料中特定组合成分对快速生长期南移刺参生产性能的积极促进和保障作用；
由表3结果可知，本发明饲料缓释效果良好，其在养殖水体中24h内可保持较低溶失率，这符合南移刺参的饲养特点和摄食规律。同时，本发明饲料系数低，对南移刺参的聚集率高，刺参对其趋向性强、利用率高。
上述养殖对比实验表明，本发明饲料可为春、秋两季快速生长期的南移刺参提供高水平、有效、持续的营养供给。与其他配合饲料相比，本发明饲料可显著提升南移刺参特定生长期内的养殖生产性能；饲料原料中蛋白质营养增强组合与促消化吸收特定组合对南移刺参生长性能及消化吸收能力的促进作用明显；生物粘合剂特定组合使本发明饲料获得了良好的缓释性，加之饲料较强的诱食作用(较高的聚集率)，使其实现了对南移刺参持续而有效的营养供给，保证了较好的养殖生产效果；本发明饲料制备方法简便，原料为纯天然动植物成分，属绿色环保型产品。本发明饲料是可供南移刺参快速生长期使用的优质缓释颗粒饲料。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，其特征在于：所述的饲料由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：
    蛋白质组分组合物40％～50％，油脂组分组合物6％～8％，淀粉组分组合物15％～25％，复合维生素0.5％～0.6％，复合矿物盐0.7％～0.8％，功能性组分组合物20％～25％，生物粘合剂1.0％～1.5％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，其特征在于：所述蛋白质组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：蛋白质营养增强组合物40％～55％，羊栖菜粉15％～25％，紫菜粉5％～8％，碱蓬粉15％～20％，虾头粉5％～6％，贻贝粉2％～3％，
    且所述的蛋白质营养增强组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
    江蓠粉:海蓬子粉:鲆鱼裙边粉:沙蚕粉＝5:3:2:2。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，其特征在于：所述的油脂组分组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
    鱼油:棕榈油:碱蓬籽油＝2:3:1。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，其特征在于：所述的淀粉组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：面包渣40％～55％，饼干渣25％～40％，玉米胚芽粉15％～30％。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，其特征在于：所述的功能性组分组合物由以下组分按照质量百分比混合而成：乌贼内脏团粉5％～8％，酱油渣粉2％～3％，促消化吸收组合物20％～25％，底泥粉60％～65％，乌贼内壳粉5％～10％，且所述的促消化吸收组合物由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：
    山楂渣粉:橘皮粉:草豆蔻粉＝7:3:2。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料，其特征在于：所述的生物粘合剂由以下组分按照质量比混合而成：鱼鳞胶粉:刺槐豆胶粉＝3:1。
  7. 一种如权利要求1所述的南移刺参快速生长期使用的缓释颗粒饲料的制备方法，其特征在于：对固体饲料原料进行200目～300目的超微粉碎，粉碎后的原料经搅拌后混合均匀，加入占固体原料质量20％的55℃蒸馏水对原料进行熟化，在熟化过程中加入占固体原料质量6％～8％的油脂组分，而所述的油脂组分由鱼油、棕榈油和碱蓬籽油按照2:3:1的质量比混合而成，持续搅拌均匀后，挤压至团块状，将团块状物料投入制粒机中，制得直径3mm～5mm、含水量10％～12％的圆柱状颗粒饲料，再经密封、包装后制得成品的缓释颗 粒饲料。
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