LU502707B1 - Sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted apostichopus japonicus in overwintering period and its preparation method - Google Patents
Sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted apostichopus japonicus in overwintering period and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in an overwintering period, characterized in that the feed is prepared by mixing following components in percentage by mass: Hizikia fusifarme powder 10%-20%, Suaeda powder 5%-15%, shrimp shell powder 4%-8%, clam powder 2%-3%, nutritional strengthening composition 20%-25%, bread crumbs 8%-12%, corn husk powder 3%-6%, coconut oil 3%-5%, Suaeda seed oil 2%-3%, squid viscera powder 2%-3%, immune enhancing composition 5%-10%, bottom mud powder 12%-22%, maifanite powder 2%-3%, multi-vitamin 0.5%-0.7%, multimineral 0.6%-0.8% and biological adhesive composition 1.0%-1.2%.
Description
DESCRIPTION LU502707
SUSTAINED-RELEASE PELLET FEED FOR SOUTHWARD TRANSPLANTED
APOSTICHOPUS JAPONICUS IN OVERWINTERING PERIOD AND ITS
PREPARATION METHOD
The invention relates to the field of marine culture, and in particular to a sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in an overwintering period and a preparation method of the feed.
A world sea cucumber fishery has a thousand-year history, and an aquaculture of
Apostichopus japonicus is mainly concentrated in Northeast Asia. Apostichopus japonicus is one of main economic species in China's mariculture industry. However, due to a limitation of natural distributions, a conventional production of Apostichopus japonicus in China is mainly concentrated in coastal areas of the North Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, and southern provinces mainly culture or catch other sea cucumber species with relatively low economic values. Since the new millennium, with a continuous improvement of a market recognition, demands and culture benefits, there has been an upsurge of a south culture of sea cucumbers in the east and south coastal areas of China. The southward transplanted culture is mainly a production mode of
Apostichopus japonicus culture developed by using a difference of water temperature between the north and the south in winter. The southward transplanted culture solves a problem of a slow growth of Apostichopus japonicus in an overwintering period, and effectively shortens periods of finished product listing and seedling rearing.
It is a critical period for the culture of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in winter. During this period, how to maintain and promote the sustainable growth of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus, strengthen a physique of cultured animals and improve its survival rate is a core technology of the culture of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus. Due to a restriction and an influence of habitat conditions (including bait conditions, etc.) of aquaculture ponds in winter, during this period, the feeding of southward transplanted
Apostichopus japonicus has higher requirements on a feed nutrition supply level and the physique of the cultured animals. Therefore, a supplementary feeding is particularly important.
However, at this stage, farmers still feed common baits sold in the market in winter, and thek&J502707 baits often lead to a reduction of production because these baits may not meet the nutritional supply and the physical requirements of Apostichopus japonicus. Therefore, there is a need for a feed which could solve the above problems.
In order to solve the above shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a sustained-release pellet feed for providing a high-level and continuous nutrition supply for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus, and meanwhile effectively improving an immunity of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in an overwintering period.
A technical solution according to the invention is as follows: a sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in an overwintering period is characterized in that the feed is prepared by mixing following components in percentage by mass:
Hizikia fusifarme powder 10%-20%, Suaeda powder 5%-15%, shrimp shell powder 4%-8%, clam powder 2%-3%, nutritional strengthening composition 20%-25%, bread crumbs 8%-12%, corn husk powder 3%-6%, coconut oil 3%-5%, Suaeda seed oil 2%-3%, squid viscera powder 2%-3%, immune enhancing composition 5%-10%, bottom mud powder 12%-22%, maifanite powder 2%-3%, multi-vitamin 0.5%-0.7%, multimineral 0.6%-0.8% and biological adhesive composition 1.0%-1.2%.
The nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to a mass ratio:
Gracilaria powder: seashore mallow powder: flatfish hemline powder: Artemia powder =4:2:3:1.
The immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio:
Chrysanthemum: buckwheat: Ligustrum: Forsythia. mulberry leaves: grape seed meal: hawthorn residue = 3:2:5:2:2:5:1.
The biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio: fish scale gelatin powder: glutinous rice flour: guar gum powder =2:1:1.
The feed is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
Hizikia fusifarme powder 12%, Suaeda powder 6%, shrimp shell powder 5%, clam powdet)502707 2%, nutrition enhancing combination 25%, bread crumbs 10%, corn husk powder 3%, coconut oil 4%, Suaeda seed oil 3%, squid viscera powder 2.5%, immune enhancing combination 8%, bottom mud powder 15%, maifanite powder 2%, multi-vitamin 0.6%, multimineral 0.7% and biological adhesive composition 1.2%; the nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing Gracilaria powder, seashore mallow powder, flatfish hemline powder and Artemia powder according to the mass ratio of 4:2:3:1; the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing Chrysanthemum, buckwheat,
Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves, grape seed meal and hawthorn residue according to the mass ratio of 3:2:5:2:2:5:1; and the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour and guar gum powder according to the mass ratio of 2:11.
A preparation method of sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted
Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period is characterized in that: a superfine comminution of solid feed ingredients is carried out by 200-300 meshes, the pulverized ingredients are stirred and evenly mixed, 50°C-56°C distilled water accounting for 25% of the mass of the solid ingredients is added to cure the ingredients, and lipid components are added in a curing process; the lipid components comprise coconut oil accounting for 3%-5% of the mass of the solid ingredients and Suaeda seed oil accounting for 2%-3% of the mass of the solid ingredients; after a continuous and uniform stirring, the lipid components are extruded into a crumby structure; the materials are put into a granulator to prepare a cylindrical pellet feed with a diameter of 4 mm-6 mm and a water content of 10%-13%; and the finished product of the sustained-release pellet feed is prepared after sealing and packaging.
Compared with the existing technology, the invention has following advantages.
The feed disclosed by the invention has a unique formula, provides the high-level and continuous nutrition supply and an immune enhancement for southward transplanted
Apostichopus japonicus in the wintering period, obviously improves the a growth performance and an organism immunity of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in winter, ensures a safety of aquaculture production and improves a culture benefit. Among them, the nutritional strengthening components (Gracilaria powder, seashore mallow powder, flatfish hemlihéJ502707 powder, Artemia powder) provides the high-level nutritional supply for southward transplanted
Apostichopus japonicus in the wintering period, and significantly improves the growth performance of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in this period, immune enhancement components (Chrysanthemum, buckwheat, Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves, grape seed meal, hawthorn residue) significantly enhances the organism immunity of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the wintering period, improves a survival rate, and ensures a safe aquaculture production and a better culture effect. Specific combination components of the biological adhesive (fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour, guar gum powder), through a scientific proportion and an addition of the biological adhesive, make the pellet feed of the invention obtain good sustained-release, effectively prolong a feeding time of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus, and improve a feed utilization rate.
The feed of the invention has a simple preparation method and a standard technical process.
A good palatability may be achieved through a single cure, and the feed has a strong attractant effect, so that southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus has an obvious aggregation and a tendency to the feed of the invention. In addition, main ingredients of this feed are pure natural animal and plant ingredients, and this feed has no pollution during use and does not cause an eutrophication of aquaculture water and adjacent sea areas. The feed of the invention belongs to green ecological feed.
Specific embodiments of the invention are described below.
A sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in an overwintering period is prepared by mixing following components in percentage by mass:
Hizikia fusifarme powder 10%-20%, Suaeda powder 5%-15%, shrimp shell powder 4%-8%, clam powder 2%-3%, nutritional strengthening composition 20%-25%, bread crumbs 8%-12%, corn husk powder 3%-6%, coconut oil 3%-5%, Suaeda seed oil 2%-3%, squid viscera powder 2%-3%, immune enhancing composition 5%-10%, bottom mud powder 12%-22%, maifanite powder 2%-3%, multi-vitamin 0.5%-0.7%, multimineral 0.6%-0.8% and biological adhesive composition 1.0%-1.2%; the nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to a mass ratio: Gracilaria powder: seashore mallow powder: flatfish hemline powdert502707
Artemia powder = 4:2:3:1; the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio: Chrysanthemum: buckwheat: Ligustrum:
Forsythia: mulberry leaves: grape seed meal: hawthorn residue = 3:2:5:2:2:5:1; the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio: fish scale gelatin powder: glutinous rice flour: guar gum powder =2:1:1.
Optionally, the feed is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
Hizikia fusifarme powder 12%, Suaeda powder 6%, shrimp shell powder 5%, clam powder 2%, nutrition enhancing composition 25%, bread crumbs 10%, corn husk powder 3%, coconut oil 4%, Suaeda seed oil 3%, squid viscera powder 2.5%, immune enhancing composition 8%, bottom mud powder 15%, maifanite powder 2%, multi-vitamin 0.6%, multimineral 0.7% and biological adhesive composition 1.2%; the nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing Gracilaria powder, seashore mallow powder, flatfish hemline powder and Artemia powder according to the mass ratio of 4:2:3:1, namely Gracilaria powder 10% (total mass, the same below), seashore mallow powder 5%, flatfish hemline powder 7.5% and Artemia powder 2.5%; the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing Chrysanthemum, buckwheat,
Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves, grape seed meal and hawthorn residue according to the mass ratio of 3:2:5:2:2:5:1, that is, Chrysanthemum 1.2% (total mass, the same below), buckwheat 0.8%, Ligustrum 2%, Forsythia 0.8%, mulberry leaves 0.8%, grape seed meal 2% and hawthorn residue 0.4%; and the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour and guar gum powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, namely fish scale gelatin powder 0.6% (total mass, the same below), glutinous rice flour 0.3% and guar gum powder 0.3%.
The Hizikia fusifarme powder, Gracilaria powder and seashore mallow powder are made from artificially cultivated or planted alga and halophytes through drying and crushing; the
Suaeda powder is prepared by drying and crushing wild Suaeda; the shrimp shell powder, clam powder and Artemia powder are aquatic feed grade ingredients; the flatfish hemline powder is prepared by drying and crushing the hemline offals in a manufacturing process of culturéd/502707 flatfishes; the bread crumbs are leftover ingredients in a bread making process of food enterprises, and the corn husk powder is a feed-grade ingredient; the coconut oil and the Suaeda seed oil are edible oil ingredients; the squid viscera powder is prepared by cooking, drying, and crushing viscera offals in the manufacturing process of fished squids; the Chrysanthemum, buckwheat, Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves and maifanite are Chinese herbal medicine ingredients; the grape seed meal and hawthorn residue are feed-grade ingredients; the bottom mud powder is made of 5-10 cm mud on a bottom surface of an aquaculture pond by drying and crushing; the multi-vitamin and multi-mineral salts are feed additives for aquaculture; the fish scale gelatin powder and guar gum powder are both food additives, and glutinous rice flour is a food-grade ingredient.
A preparation method of the sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted
Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period is operated according to following steps: a superfine comminution of solid feed ingredients is carried out by 200-300 meshes, the pulverized ingredients are stirred and evenly mixed, 50°C-56°C distilled water accounting for 25% of the mass of the solid ingredients is added to cure the ingredients, and lipid components are added in a curing process; the lipid components comprise coconut oil accounting for 3%-5% of the mass of the solid ingredients and Suaeda seed oil accounting for 2%-3% of the mass of the solid ingredients; after a continuous and uniform stirring, the lipid components are extruded into a crumby structure; the materials are put into a granulator to prepare a cylindrical pellet feed with a diameter of 4 mm-6 mm and a water content of 10%-13%; and the finished product of the sustained-release pellet feed is prepared after sealing and packaging.
Specific embodiments
The sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period is prepared according to the proportion of Hizikia fusifarme powder 12%,
Suaeda powder 6%, shrimp shell powder 5%, clam powder 2%, nutritional strengthening combination 25%, bread crumbs 10%, corn husk powder 3%, coconut oil 4%, Suaeda seed oil 3%, squid viscera powder 2.5%, immune strengthening combination 8%, bottom mud powder 15%, maifanite powder 2%, multi-vitamin 0.6%, multimineral 0.7% and biological adhesive composition 1.2% (calculated in percentage by mass);
the nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing Gracilaria powddriJ502707 seashore mallow powder, flatfish hemline powder and Artemia powder according to the mass ratio of 4:2:3:1, namely Gracilaria powder 10% (total mass, the same below), seashore mallow powder 5%, flatfish hemline powder 7.5% and Artemia powder 2.5%; the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing Chrysanthemum, buckwheat,
Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves, grape seed meal and hawthorn residue according to the mass ratio of 3:2:5:2:2:5:1, that is, Chrysanthemum 1.2% (total mass, the same below), buckwheat 0.8%, Ligustrum 2%, Forsythia 0.8%, mulberry leaves 0.8%, grape seed meal 2% and hawthorn residue 0.4%; the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour and guar gum powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, namely fish scale gelatin powder 0.6% (total mass, the same below), glutinous rice flour 0.3% and guar gum powder 0.3%.
An invented feed A is prepared by using the above ingredients according to the preparation method of the invention.
The invented feed A is taken for a culture comparative experiment 1: the experiment lasts for 8 weeks and is carried out in experimental enclosures of an aquaculture pond in winter. The enclosures are made of polyethylene meshes with a pore diameter of 0.5 cm, with an area of 16 m%/ind. (length x width = 4 m x 4 m), and each group deals with three parallel enclosures. An initial body weight of the experimental Apostichopus japonicus is 11.52+0.18 g, and a stocking density is 5 ind./m* The experimental southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus are fed with the invented feed A, a formula feed B and a formula feed C respectively, once a day at 17:00, and a daily feeding amount is calculated according to 6%-8% of the body weights of cultured animals.
The formula feed B and the formula feed C here are common commercial formula feeds.
A formula and a proportion of the formula feed B: Sargassum thunbergii powder 30 kg,
Sargassum Pallidum powder 22 kg, degummed Phaeophyta powder 10 kg, fish powder 5 kg, shrimp powder 4 kg, soybean protein powder 6 kg, shell powder 1.5 kg, multi-vitamin 0.6 kg, multi-minerals 0.9 kg and sea mud powder 20 kg (per 100 kg of dry matter); the formula and the proportion of the formula feed C: degummed kelp powder 30 kg,
Sargassum Pallidum powder 22 kg, Ulva pertusa powder 14 kg, fish powder 5 kg, flour 5 kgU502707 shell powder 2.0 kg, multi-vitamins 0.5 kg, multi-minerals 0.5 kg and sea mud powder 21 kg (per 100 kg dry matter).
During the experiment, a water temperature of the pond is 2.2°C-7.8°C, a salinity is 27.9-32.6, a pH value is 8.00.3, a dissolved oxygen content is 5.79 mg/L-9.32 mg/L, and a ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.04 mg/L-0.18 mg/L. The experimental results are shown in
Table 1.
Table 1 Experimental results of feeding southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus with different formula feeds (comparative experiment 1) growth rate ratio dismutase activity 0.46 £0.03 0.30 + 0.02 0.32 + 0.03
Note: Daily specific growth rate, %.d"!; Wall body weight ratio, %; Survival rate, %; the lysozyme activity: an amount of lysozyme that decreases an OD value of a substrate solution by 0.001 per minute under specific experimental conditions 1s one active unit (U/ug prot); the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity: when an inhibition rate of SOD per milligram of tissue protein reaches 50% in 1 ml reaction solution, a corresponding
SOD amount is one SOD activity unit (U/ug prot).
Comparative experiment 2
The sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period is prepared according to the proportion of Hizikia fusifarme powder 12%,
Suaeda powder 6%, shrimp shell powder 5%, clam powder 2%, nutritional strengthening combination 25%, bread crumbs 10%, corn husk powder 3%, coconut oil 4%, Suaeda seed oil 3%, squid viscera powder 2.5%, immune strengthening combination 10%, bottom mud powder 13%, maifanite powder 2%, multi-vitamin 0.6%, multimineral 0.7% and biological adhesive composition 1.2% (calculated in percentage by mass);
the nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing Gracilaria powddriJ502707 seashore mallow powder, flatfish hemline powder and Artemia powder according to the mass ratio of 4:2:3:1, namely Gracilaria powder 10% (total mass, the same below), seashore mallow powder 5%, flatfish hemline powder 7.5% and Artemia powder 2.5%; the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing Chrysanthemum, buckwheat,
Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves, grape seed meal and hawthorn residue according to the mass ratio of 3:2:5:2:2:5:1, that is, Chrysanthemum 1.5% (total mass, the same below), buckwheat 1.0%, Ligustrum 2.5%, Forsythia 1.0%, mulberry leaves 1.0%, grape seed meal 2.5% and hawthorn residue 0.5%; and the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour and guar gum powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, namely fish scale gelatin powder 0.6% (total mass, the same below), glutinous rice flour 0.3% and guar gum powder 0.3%.
The invented feed D is prepared by using the above ingredients according to the preparation method of the invention.
The sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period in a control group is prepared according to the proportion of Hizikia fusifarme powder 15%, Suaeda powder 8%, shrimp shell powder 5%, clam powder 2%, nutritional strengthening combination 20%, bread crumbs 10%, corn husk powder 3%, coconut oil 4%, Suaeda seed oil 3%, squid viscera powder 2.5%, immune strengthening combination 5%, bottom mud powder 18%, maifanite powder 2%, multi-vitamin 0.6%, multimineral 0.7% and biological adhesive composition 1.2% (fish scale gelatin powder 0.6%, glutinous rice flour 0.3% and guar gum powder 0.3%) (calculated in percentage by mass).
The nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing Gracilaria powder, seashore mallow powder, flatfish hemline powder and Artemia powder according to the mass ratio of 4:2:3:1, namely Gracilaria powder 8% (total mass, the same below), seashore mallow powder 4%, flatfish hemline powder 6% and Artemia powder 2%; the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing Chrysanthemum, buckwheat,
Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves, grape seed meal and hawthorn residue according to the mass ratio of 3:2:5:2:2:5:1, that is, Chrysanthemum 0.75% (total mass, the same below),
buckwheat 0.5%, Ligustrum 1.25%, Forsythia 0.5%, mulberry leaves 0.5%, grape seed meklJ502707 1.25% and hawthorn residue 0.25%; and the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour and guar gum powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, namely fish scale gelatin powder 0.6% (total mass, the same below), glutinous rice flour 0.3% and guar gum powder 0.3%.
The invented feed E of the control group is prepared by using the above ingredients according to the preparation method of the invention.
A comparative feed is prepared according to the proportion of Hizikia fusifarme powder 20%, Suaeda powder 15%, shrimp shell powder 8%, clam powder 3%, bread crumbs 12%, corn husk powder 6%, coconut oil 5%, Suaeda seed oil 3%, squid viscera powder 2.5%, bottom mud powder 20%, maifanite powder 3%, multi-vitamin 0.6%, multimineral 0.7% and biological adhesive composition 1.2% (calculated in percentage by mass).
The biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour and guar gum powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, namely fish scale gelatin powder 0.6% (total mass, the same below), glutinous rice flour 0.3% and guar gum powder 0.3%.
A comparative feed F is prepared by using the above ingredients according to the preparation method of the invention.
The invented feed A, the invented feed D, the invented feed E and the comparative feed F are used for a culture comparative experiment:
The experiment lasts for 8 weeks and is carried out in the experimental enclosures of the aquaculture pond in winter. The enclosures are made of polyethylene meshes with a pore diameter of 0.5 cm, with an area of 16 m%/ind. (length x width = 4 m x 4 m), and each group deals with three parallel enclosures. The initial body weight of the experimental Apostichopus japonicus is 10.71+0.13 g, and the stocking density is 5 ind./m*. The experimental southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus are fed with the invented feed A, D, E and the comparative feed F respectively, once a day at 17:00, and the daily feeding amount is calculated according to 6%-8% of the body weights of cultured animals. During the experiment, the water temperature of the pond is 2.4°C-8.0°C, the salinity is 28.6-33.5, the pH value is 7.9+0.4, the dissolved oxygen content is 6.33 mg/L-8.95 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.03J502707 mg/L-0.16 mg/L. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Experimental results of feeding southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus with different formula feeds (embodiment 2)
Item Invented feed A | Invented feed D| Invented feed E| Comparative feed F
Daily specific growth | 0.58+006" | 0.554005 | 0.51008 | 0.27006 rate
Wall body weight ratio 614+17 610+12 60.3+1 1 585+1.8 97. 7+34 9.1+1.8 96.4 + 2.3 93.2 +3.1
Survival rate . 1.09 + 0.08* 1.15+007* 1.12 +0.05* 1.56 +£0.08
Feed coefficient 0.26 + 0.03? 0.16 + 0.03" 0.18 + 0.02" 0.07 + 0.02°
Lysozyme activity . . 0.42 + 0.04% 0.37+ 0.02* 0.35 + 0.03* 0.22 + 0.02
Superoxide dismutase activity
Note: Daily specific growth rate, %.d}; Wall body weight ratio, %; the urvival rate, %; the lysozyme activity: the amount of lysozyme enzyme that reduces the OD value of the substrate solution by 0.001 per minute under the specific experimental conditions 1s one active unit (U/ug prot); the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity: when the inhibition rate of SOD per milligram of tissue protein reaches 50% m 1 ml reaction solution, a corresponding SOD amount is one SOD activity unit (U/ug prot).
Comparative experiment 3
The sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period is prepared; the invented feed A is prepared according to the ingredient ratio and the preparation method of the feed of the invention described in embodiment 1.
Non-sustained-release pellet feed is prepared according to the proportion of Hizikia fusifarme powder 12%, Suaeda powder 6%, shrimp shell powder 5%, clam powder 2%, nutrition enhancing combination 25%, bread crumbs 10%, corn husk powder 3%, coconut oil 4%, Suaeda seed oil 3%, squid viscera powder 2.5%, immune enhancing combination 8%, bottom mud powder 16%, maifanite powder 2.2%, multi-vitamin 0.6% and multimineral 0.7% (calculated in percentage by mass).
The nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing Gracilaria powder, seashore mallow powder, flatfish hemline powder and Artemia powder according to the mass ratio of 4:2:3:1, namely Gracilaria powder 10% (total mass, the same below), seashore mallok502707 powder 5%, flatfish hemline powder 7.5% and Artemia powder 2.5%; the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing Chrysanthemum, buckwheat,
Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves, grape seed meal and hawthorn residue according to the mass ratio of 3:2:5:2:2:5:1, that is, Chrysanthemum 1.2% (total mass, the same below), buckwheat 0.8%, Ligustrum 2%, Forsythia 0.8%, mulberry leaves 0.8%, grape seed meal 2% and hawthorn residue 0.4%; and the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour and guar gum powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, namely fish scale gelatin powder 0.6% (total mass, the same below), glutinous rice flour 0.3% and guar gum powder 0.3%.
The non-sustained-release contrast pellet feed G is prepared by using the above ingredients according to the preparation method of the invention.
The invented feed A and the non-sustained-release contrast pellet feed G are used for the culture comparative experiment:
The experiment lasts for 8 weeks, and is carried out in an indoor controllable mariculture research system. The experimental southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus are cultured in PVC tanks with diameters of 1.0 m and volumes of 0.8 t, with three parallel tanks in each of the two groups. The initial body weights of the cultured animals is 6.87+0.14 g, and the culture density is 20 ind./m*. The experimental Apostichopus japonicus are fed with the invented feed A and the comparative feed G respectively, once a day at 17:00, and the daily feeding amount is 8% of the body weights of the cultured animals, and clean and change water twice a week. During the experiment, physical and chemical conditions of a water quality of the aquaculture pond during the wintering period are simulated. An air pump is used to aerate and increase oxygen, the water temperature is controlled at 2.5°C-8.0°C, the salinity fluctuates from 28.5 to 32.3, the average pH value is 7.9+0.3, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration varies from 0.03 mg/L to 0.09 mg/L. The experimental results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Experimental results of feeding southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus with LU502707 sustained-release pellet feed and non-sustained-release pellet feed (embodiment 3)
Feed dissolution rate 12 h
SER | | as
Note: Daily specific growth rate, %.d”!; Wall body weight ratio, %; Survival rate, %; Feed dissolution rate, %:
Aggregation rate, %.
The results of Table 1 showed that, compared with other formula feeds, a growth rate of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus cultured by the feed of the invention (that is, the invented feed A) is obviously higher, an immunity (nonspecific) is obviously stronger, and the feed coefficient is lower. The feed of the invention is a superior-quality feed which could be used for culturing southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the wintering period;
The results of Table 2 showed that the invented feed A is a better ingredient proportioning product in different proportioning treatments of the feed of the invention, and the lysozyme activity of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus with the invented feed A is significantly higher than that of other ingredient proportioning feeds such as the invented feeds
D and E. The growth rate and the activity of non-specific immune enzymes (lysozyme, superoxide dismutase) of the comparative feed F (contained no nutritional strengthening composition and immune enhancing composition) are significantly lower than those of the feed of the invention, but the feed coefficient is significantly higher than that of the feed of the invention. The results fully reflect positive effects of the specific components in the feed of the invention.
The results of Table 3 showed that the feed of the invention has a good sustained-release effect, and may keep a low dissolution rate in an aquaculture water within 24 h. The results are 1#J502707 line with feeding characteristics and feeding rules of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus. Meanwhile, the feed coefficient of the feed of the invention is low, and southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus has a high aggregation rate and a strong tendency to the feed of the invention, so a feed utilization rate is high.
The results of the above-mentioned culture comparative experiments show that the feed of the invention has a good feeding effect on southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period. In the ingredients of the feed of the invention, the nutrition enhancement combination and the immunity enhancement combination obviously improve a growth performance and an organism immunity of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in winter, ensure a production safety and improve culturing benefits; the specific combination of the biological adhesive enable the feed of the invention to obtain a good sustained-release performance, and ensure a continuous and effective nutrition supply for southward transplanted
Apostichopus japonicus, the feed of the invention has a simple preparation method, and the materials are pure natural animal and plant ingredients. The feed of the invention is a superior-quality sustained-release pellet feed used in the overwintering period of southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus.
Claims (6)
1. À sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in an overwintering period, characterized in that the feed is prepared by mixing following components in percentage by mass: Hizikia fusifarme powder 10%-20%, Suaeda powder 5%-15%, shrimp shell powder 4%-8%, clam powder 2%-3%, nutritional strengthening composition 20%-25%, bread crumbs 8%-12%, corn husk powder 3%-6%, coconut oil 3%-5%, Suaeda seed oil 2%-3%, squid viscera powder 2%-3%, immune enhancing composition 5%-10%, bottom mud powder 12%-22%, maifanite powder 2%-3%, multi-vitamin 0.5%-0.7%, multimineral 0.6%-0.8% and biological adhesive composition 1.0%-1.2%.
2. The sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period according to claim 1, characterized in that the nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to a mass ratio: Gracilaria powder: seashore mallow powder: flatfish hemline powder: Artemia powder =4:2:3:1.
3. The sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period according to claim 1, characterized in that the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio: Chrysanthemum: buckwheat: Ligustrum: Forsythia. mulberry leaves: grape seed meal: hawthorn residue = 3:2:5:2:2:5:1.
4. The sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period according to claim 1, characterized in that the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio: fish scale gelatin powder: glutinous rice flour: guar gum powder = 2:1:1.
5. The sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: Hizikia fusifarme powder 12%, Suaeda powder 6%, shrimp shell powder 5%, clam powder 2%, nutrition enhancing combination 25%, bread crumbs 10%, corn husk powder 3%, coconut oil 4%, Suaeda seed oil 3%, squid viscera powder 2.5%, immune enhancing combination 8%,
bottom mud powder 15%, maifanite powder 2%, multi-vitamin 0.6%, multimineral 0.7% atdJ502707 biological adhesive composition 1.2%; thereinto, the nutritional strengthening composition is prepared by mixing Gracilaria powder, seashore mallow powder, flatfish hemline powder and Artemia powder according to the mass ratio of 4:2:3:1; the immune enhancing composition is prepared by mixing Chrysanthemum, buckwheat, Ligustrum, Forsythia, mulberry leaves, grape seed meal and hawthorn residue according to the mass ratio of 3:2:5:2:2:5:1; and the biological adhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale gelatin powder, glutinous rice flour and guar gum powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1.
6. A preparation method of the sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted Apostichopus japonicus in the overwintering period according to claim 1, characterized in that: a superfine comminution of solid feed ingredients is carried out by 200-300 meshes, the pulverized ingredients are stirred and evenly mixed, 50°C-56°C distilled water accounting for 25% of the mass of the solid ingredients is added to cure the ingredients, and lipid components are added in a curing process; the lipid components comprise coconut oil accounting for 3%-5% of the mass of the solid ingredients and Suaeda seed oil accounting for 2%-3% of the mass of the solid ingredients; after a continuous and uniform stirring, the lipid components are extruded into a crumby structure; the materials are put into a granulator to prepare a cylindrical pellet feed with a diameter of 4 mm-6 mm and a water content of 10%-13%; and the finished product of the sustained-release pellet feed is prepared after sealing and packaging.
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| LU502707A LU502707B1 (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted apostichopus japonicus in overwintering period and its preparation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| LU502707A LU502707B1 (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Sustained-release pellet feed for southward transplanted apostichopus japonicus in overwintering period and its preparation method |
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