CN102845653B - Nibea albiflora richardson larvae and juvenile microcapsule feed, as well as processing preparation and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
Nibea albiflora richardson larvae and juvenile microcapsule feed, as well as processing preparation and feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a nibea albiflora richardson larvae and juvenile microcapsule feed which is prepared from white fish meal, euphausiid meal, squid meal, fish protein hydrolysate, feed yeast, alpha-starch, soybean lecithin, papain, fish oil, composite vitamin, composite mineral substance, binder, immunopotentiator, phagostimulant and the like. By adopting the innovated prescription and processing process, the microcapsule feed can fulfill the requirement for nutrition of larvae and juvenile growth, has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, good palatability, high water stability, low cost and the like, can be produced in batches, is convenient for storing, transporting and feeding, is suitable for industrial breeding production, and adopts a corresponding feeding method, so that the survival rate of nibea albiflora richardson is greatly improved, the shape of the nibea albiflora richardson is increase. The nibea albiflora richardson larvae and juvenile microcapsule feed is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture mariculture technology, specifically a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet and processing preparation and feeding method.
Background technology
Spotted maigre (
nibea albiflorarichardson), be commonly called as yellow mother-in-law chicken, belong to Perciformes, Sciaenidae, Nibea, the bodily form is similar to large yellow croaker, belongs to lower water layer fish in warm warm nature coastal waters, mainly inhabits the more shallow littoral sea of sand mud substrate, the zoobenthos such as small-sized shell-fish and small fish of take are food, mainly be distributed in the northwest Pacific district, the South Sea of China, the East Sea and the Huanghai Sea all have its distribution, 8～33 ℃ of comfort zones, suitable salt scope 10～40 ‰, the most suitable growth water temperature is 24～29 ℃, 24～28 ℃ of the water temperatures of laying eggs, and age at sexual maturity is 2 week age.Spotted maigre is the important marine fish of China, has meat flavour deliciousness, nutritious, culture benefit high.At present, the extensive artificial breeding of having carried out spotted maigre in Fujian and the Zhejiang area of China, but the special compound feed of spotted maigre young postlarva is is not yet researched and developed, cultivate feed and mainly adopt wheel animalcule, halogen worm and Copepods etc., adopt existing marine fish larvae feedstuff feeding spotted maigre, there are the series of problems such as hypotrophy face, palatability is poor, absorption rate is low, had a strong impact on the survival rate of spotted maigre, restricted further developing of its aquaculture industry.Therefore, carry out the development of the special-purpose micro-encapsulated diet of spotted maigre young postlarva, raising spotted maigre weed survival rate, solution spotted maigre propagation in scale, quickening spotted maigre aquaculture industry process are all had to positive facilitation.
Summary of the invention
The problems and shortcomings that exist for the existing feed of spotted maigre young postlarva, the present invention is according to the characteristics such as nutritional need, eating habit and digestive physiology of spotted maigre young postlarva, adopt methods such as optimizing feed formula, interpolation immunopotentiator and phagostimulant, be prepared into the micro-encapsulated diet of spotted maigre young postlarva special use by technological processes such as ultramicro grinding, mixing, granulation, dressings, and adopted corresponding feeding method to be thrown something and fed.
A kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, is characterized in that its raw material by following weight percentage makes: white fish meal 30%-50%, krill meal 10%-20%, squid powder 5%-15%, fish protein hydrolysate levels 2%-8%, fodder yeast 3%-9%, alphalise starch 7.5%-8.5%, soybean lecithin 2%-8%, papain 1%-3%, fish oil 1%-5%, B B-complex 1%-3%, composite mineral matter 1%-3%, binding agent 0.5%-1.5%, immunopotentiator 0.05%-0.15%, phagostimulant 0.5%-1.5%.
Described a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, is characterized in that its raw material by following weight percentage makes: white fish meal 35%-45%, krill meal 12%-18%, squid powder 8%-12%, fish protein hydrolysate levels 4%-6%, fodder yeast 5%-7%, alphalise starch 7.8%-8%, soybean lecithin 4%-6%, papain 1.5%-2.5%, fish oil 2%-4%, B B-complex 1.5%-2.5%, composite mineral matter 1.5%-2.5%, binding agent 0.8%-1.2%, immunopotentiator 0.08%-0.12%, phagostimulant 0.8%-1.2%.
Described a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet; it is characterized in that its raw material by following weight percentage makes: white fish meal 40%, krill meal 15%, squid powder 10%, fish protein hydrolysate levels 5%, fodder yeast 6%, alphalise starch 7.9%, soybean lecithin 5%, papain 2%, fish oil 3%, B B-complex 2%, composite mineral matter 2%, binding agent 1%, immunopotentiator 0.1%, phagostimulant 1%; wherein said binding agent is sodium alginate; described immunopotentiator is glucan and shitosan, and described phagostimulant is taurine.
The preparation method of described a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) the solid feed raw material is pulverized with micronizer;
2) all feeds raw material is weighed, mixed in the ratio of feed formula, first fully mix by hand, by 100 eye mesh screens, then mixed with mixer;
3) mixed raw material is made to particulate;
4) will at the bottom of the particulate feed employing fluid bed of making, spray or carry out dressing with sugar coating machine, coating solution is uniformly sprayed on the feed surface, make micro-encapsulated diet, wherein coating solution adopts a kind of in the ethanolic solution of ethanolic solution, resin of ethanolic solution, the zeins of the aqueous solution, the ethyl cellulose of gelatin;
5) by the preparation micro-encapsulated diet by the shaking screen of different meshes, carry out grain size grading with sieve method;
6) by classification, good feed is sealed in aluminium foil bag with vacuum packing machine, is stored in the refrigerator of 4 ℃ stand-by.
Described preparation method, it is characterized in that adopting extrusion-spheronization to make particulate mixed raw material in step 3), comprise the steps: mixed material is added the water of core amount 5%-10%, with trough type mixing machine with rotating speed 20-30rpm, the process conditions that the batch turning angle is 100-120 ° are mixed 10-30min, make the uniform moist wood of moisture content, the moist wood prepared is placed in to the stainless steel screen drum of rotating type granulating machine, through rotary squeezing, form cylindrical bars shape feed by mesh, and the method that is aided with hand-crushed becomes wet granular, particle diameter is controlled at 150～600 μ m, wet granular is put into and thrown circle 20-40min with rotating speed 5-15rpm in the rotating centrifugal dish of shot-blasting machine and make the ball ball.
Described preparation method, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: mixed material is added the water of core amount 8%, with trough type mixing machine with rotating speed 24rpm, the process conditions that the batch turning angle is 105 ° are mixed 20min, make the uniform moist wood of moisture content, the moist wood prepared is put in the stainless steel screen drum of rotating type granulating machine, through rotary squeezing, form cylindrical bars shape feed by 50 purpose mesh, and the method that is aided with hand-crushed becomes wet granular, particle diameter is controlled at 150～600 μ m, wet granular is put into and thrown circle 30min with rotating speed 10rpm in the rotating centrifugal dish of shot-blasting machine and make the ball ball.
Described preparation method; it is characterized in that adopting the efficient wet granulator to make particulate mixed raw material in step 3); comprise the steps: mixed feed is put into to the efficient wet granulator; mesh by certain order number is made particulate, and the large I of particulate is regulated according to the size of mesh.
Described preparation method, it is characterized in that in step 3) mixed raw material being adopted fluid bed top spray method make particulate, comprise the steps: mixed material is placed in fluid bed, peristaltic pump sprays into water, flow is 1-5mL/min, the EAT of fluid bed is that 60-80 ℃, leaving air temp are 30-50 ℃, 40-60 ℃ of bed temperatures, compressed air pressure 20-30Mpa, and the feed product particle diameter made is distributed between 150～600 μ m; In step 4), adopt the method for spraying at the bottom of fluid bed to carry out dressing, with hot water soluble gelatin solution, carry out end spray, process conditions are that EAT is 50-70 ℃, leaving air temp is 20-40 ℃, bed temperature is 35-45 ℃, atmospheric pressure 15-25mPa, and the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is 0.5-1.5 mL/min.
Described preparation method, it is characterized in that in step 3) mixed raw material being adopted fluid bed top spray method make particulate, comprise the steps: mixed material is placed in fluid bed, peristaltic pump sprays into water, flow is 3mL/min, the EAT of fluid bed is that 70 ℃, leaving air temp are 40 ℃, 50 ℃ of bed temperatures, compressed air pressure 25Mpa, and the feed product particle diameter made is distributed between 150～600 μ m; In step 4), adopt the method for spraying at the bottom of fluid bed to carry out dressing, with hot water soluble gelatin solution, carry out end spray, process conditions are that EAT is 60 ℃, and leaving air temp is 30 ℃, and bed temperature is 40 ℃, atmospheric pressure 20mPa, and the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is 1mL/min.
The feeding method of described a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: the spotted maigre fry is carried out the feed transition period of 5 days, within the transition period, reduce the consumption of 20% biological live bait every day, increase the consumption of 20% micro-encapsulated diet every day, throw something and feed during the 15-25 age in days micro-encapsulated diet of 150-250 μ m particle diameter, be replaced by the micro-encapsulated diet of 200-450 μ m particle diameter during the 25-45 age in days, 5.0-8.0 mg/ tail/sky, increase aeration quantity simultaneously, make Feed Energy be distributed in uniformly in water body, more than dissolved oxygen in nursery pond remains on 5mg/L, preferably more than 6.0mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen content is less than 0.02mg/L, content of nitrite is less than 0.01mg/L, keeping temperature of cultivation is 26 ± 2 ℃, salinity is 30 ± 1 ‰, the pH value is 8.2 ± 0.2, adopt on a small quantity repeatedly, the mode of being satiated with food and throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed every day 6 times, inhale every day at the bottom of pond 1 time, with the residual bait at the bottom of the removing pond and dead seedling, remove in time the dirt of floating on water, quantity of exchanged water is 80%.
A kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet of the present invention, adopt formula and the processing technology of innovation, can meet the nutritional need of young postlarva growth, having again comprehensive nutrition, good palatability, water stability can wait advantage well, can manufacture, and is convenient to storage, transports and throw something and feed, the seed that is applicable to batch production produces, adopted corresponding feeding method simultaneously, can improve growth and the survival rate of spotted maigre young postlarva, be applicable to large-scale promotion and use.
The specific embodiment
In April, 2012, in Southern Yangtze University's Foodstuffs Academy technological experiment chamber, prepared micro-encapsulated diet.5～June in 2012, dodge test site in Zhejiang Prov. Inst. of Marine Products west and carried out the culture efficiency evaluation test of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet.The Gunther parent fish spawning that the young postlarva of spotted maigre is cultivated from test site, hatching gained.The incubation temperature of ovum is 26 ± 1 ℃, and the fry hatched is supported temporarily in indoor cement pit, and between nursery stage, water temperature is 26 ± 1 ℃, and salinity is 26～28 ‰.From young postlarva hatching, feed through wheel animalcule, the halogen worm of fortification, until on-test.
Embodiment 1
One, feed formula
The consisting of of feed formula (take 1000g): (crude protein is 67% to white fish meal; Crude fat 9% (dry weight), U.S. seafood company), 400g; (crude protein is 63.9% to krill meal; Crude fat is 5.6% (dry weight), Zhoushan Fengshun fish meal Products Co., Ltd), 150g; Fish protein hydrolysate levels (crude protein is 64.3%, and crude fat is 7.6% (dry weight), and self-control adopts trypsase and papain hydrolysis white fish meal to make) 50g; (crude protein is 50.3% to squid powder; Crude fat is 4.9% (dry weight), Zhoushan Marine Fishery Co., State Bureau of Aquatic Products's fish meal factory), 100g; Fodder yeast, 60g; Alphalise starch, 79g; Soybean lecithin, 50g; Papain, 20g; Sodium alginate (binding agent), 10g; Fish oil, 30g; B B-complex, 20g; Composite mineral matter, 20g, taurine (phagostimulant and immunopotentiator), 10g; Glucan (immunopotentiator), 0.5g; Shitosan (immunopotentiator), 0.5g.
The feed nutrition of making consists of: moisture, 7.32%; Crude protein, 56.47%; Crude fat, 16.15%; Crude fibre: 2.76%; Coarse ash, 13.86%; Salt, 1.63%; Calcium, 2.47%; Total phosphorus, 1.31%; Lysine, 3.43%.
Two, the preparation method of micro-encapsulated diet
Solid material and micronizer for additive (WFJ series micronizer, Jiangyin City size reduction machinery Co., Ltd of gold section) are pulverized, and granularity is less than 20 μ m.The all feeds raw material is weighed in proportion, the principle of stack is mixed in a small amount, add a certain proportion of water, first fully mix by hand, all by 100 mesh sieves, then use 3 D multi-directional movement mixer (YH series 3 D multi-directional movement mixer, Changzhou Pu Naier drying equipment Co., Ltd) to mix 10 min.By the method granulation of fluid bed top spray, process conditions are that EAT is 70 ℃, and leaving air temp is 40 ℃, and bed temperature is 50 ℃, atmospheric pressure 25mPa, and the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is 1 mL/min, pumps into water, the time is 60min.Then use spray method at the bottom of fluid bed instead, hot water soluble gelatin solution is carried out to end spray, process conditions are that EAT is 60 ℃, leaving air temp is 30 ℃, and bed temperature is 40 ℃, atmospheric pressure 20mPa, the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is 1 mL/min, single crowd of output 2kg, coating material is gelatin solution, the consumption of gelatin is 100g.
By 100 orders, 80 orders, 60 orders, 40 orders, 30 orders, 20 orders, 10 purpose shaking screens, adopt sieve method to carry out grain size grading the micro-encapsulated diet of preparation.By classification, good feed is with in vacuum packing machine sealing and aluminium foil bag, is stored in the refrigerator of 4 ℃ stand-by.
Three, culture experiment
Using the spotted maigre prelarva of 15 ages in days as test material, and total length is 0.5cm.The spotted maigre prelarva is moved into to 2 2.5m
3the cement culturing pool in, 20,000 tails are put in every pond.The Copepods of control group fed refrigeration.Test group, through feed transition period of 5 days, progressively reduces the consumption (reducing 20% every day) of halogen worm within the transition period, progressively increases the consumption (increasing by 20% every day) of micro-encapsulated diet (control group Copepods) simultaneously.According to the size of young postlarva and the bore of ingesting, the consumption of the particle diameter of micro-encapsulated diet and consumption and Copepods increases along with the growth of young postlarva.Throw something and feed during the 15-25 age in days micro-encapsulated diet (5.0-8.0 mg/ tail/sky) of 150-250 μ m particle diameter, be replaced by 200-450 μ m particle diameter during the 25-45 age in days.Control group 15-25 age in days fry is thrown something and fed and refrigerates Copepods (10.0-15.0mg/ tail/sky).Accomplish agreeable to the taste, appropriate, in good time.It is that 26 ± 2 ℃, salinity are 30 ± 1 ‰, the pH value is 8.2 ± 0.2 that duration of test keeps temperature of cultivation.More than dissolved oxygen is controlled at 6.0mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen content is less than 0.02mg/L, and content of nitrite is less than 0.01mg/L.Inhale every day at the bottom of pond 1 time, to remove residual bait and the dead seedling at the bottom of pond; Remove in time the dirt of floating on water, quantity of exchanged water is 80%.Cultivation is carried out 30 days, and the survival rate of the spotted maigre of test group is 32.6%, and the survival rate of control group is 21.3%; The average length of test group spotted maigre is 4.2cm, and the average length of control group spotted maigre is 3.6cm.
Embodiment 2
One, feed formula
The consisting of of feed formula (take 1000g): (crude protein is 67% to white fish meal; Crude fat 9% (dry weight), U.S. seafood company), 350g; (crude protein is 63.9% to krill meal; Crude fat is 5.6% (dry weight), Zhoushan Fengshun fish meal Products Co., Ltd), 180g; Fish protein hydrolysate levels (crude protein is 64.3%, and crude fat is 7.6% (dry weight), and self-control adopts trypsase and papain hydrolysis white fish meal to make) 40g; (crude protein is 50.3% to squid powder; Crude fat is 4.9% (dry weight), Zhoushan Marine Fishery Co., State Bureau of Aquatic Products's fish meal factory), 120g; Fodder yeast, 70g; Alphalise starch, 78g; Soybean lecithin, 40g; Papain, 25g; Sodium alginate (binding agent), 12g; Fish oil, 22g; B B-complex, 25g; Composite mineral matter, 25g, taurine (phagostimulant and immunopotentiator), 12g; Glucan (immunopotentiator), 0.5g; Shitosan (immunopotentiator), 0.5g.
The feed nutrition of making consists of: moisture, 7.68%; Crude protein, 56.11%; Crude fat, 16.25%; Crude fibre: 2.66%; Coarse ash, 13.86%; Salt, 1.63%; Calcium, 2.57%; Total phosphorus, 1.38%; Lysine, 3.49%.
Two, the preparation method of micro-encapsulated diet
Solid material and micronizer for additive (WFJ series micronizer, Jiangyin City size reduction machinery Co., Ltd of gold section) are pulverized, and granularity is less than 20 μ m.The all feeds raw material is weighed in proportion, the principle of stack is mixed in a small amount, add a certain proportion of water, first fully mix by hand, all by 100 mesh sieves, then use 3 D multi-directional movement mixer (YH series 3 D multi-directional movement mixer, Changzhou Pu Naier drying equipment Co., Ltd) to mix 10 min.Method granulation by extrusion-spheronization; the water that mixed material is added to core amount 8%; with trough type mixing machine with rotating speed 24rpm; the process conditions that the batch turning angle is 105 ° are mixed 20min; make the uniform moist wood of moisture content; the moist wood prepared is put in the stainless steel screen drum of rotating type granulating machine; through rotary squeezing; form cylindrical bars shape feed by 50 purpose mesh; and the method that is aided with hand-crushed becomes wet granular; particle diameter is controlled at 150～600 μ m, wet granular is put into throw circle 30min with rotating speed 10rpm in the rotating centrifugal dish of shot-blasting machine and make the ball ball.Then use spray method at the bottom of fluid bed instead, hot water soluble gelatin solution is carried out to end spray, process conditions are that EAT is 50 ℃, leaving air temp is 20 ℃, and bed temperature is 35 ℃, atmospheric pressure 15mPa, the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is 0.5 mL/min, single crowd of output 2kg, coating material is gelatin solution, the consumption of gelatin is 100g.
By 100 orders, 80 orders, 60 orders, 40 orders, 30 orders, 20 orders, 10 purpose shaking screens, adopt sieve method to carry out grain size grading the micro-encapsulated diet of preparation.By classification, good feed is with in vacuum packing machine sealing and aluminium foil bag, is stored in the refrigerator of 4 ℃ stand-by.
Three, culture experiment
Using the spotted maigre prelarva of 15 ages in days as test material, and total length is 0.5cm.The spotted maigre prelarva is moved into to 2 2.5m
3the cement culturing pool in, 20,000 tails are put in every pond.The Copepods of control group fed refrigeration.Test group, through feed transition period of 5 days, progressively reduces the consumption (reducing 20% every day) of halogen worm within the transition period, progressively increases the consumption (increasing by 20% every day) of micro-encapsulated diet (control group Copepods) simultaneously.According to the size of young postlarva and the bore of ingesting, the consumption of the particle diameter of micro-encapsulated diet and consumption and Copepods increases along with the growth of young postlarva.Throw something and feed during the 15-25 age in days micro-encapsulated diet (5.0-8.0 mg/ tail/sky) of 150-250 μ m particle diameter, be replaced by 200-450 μ m particle diameter during the 25-45 age in days.Control group 15-25 age in days fry is thrown something and fed and refrigerates Copepods (10.0-15.0mg/ tail/sky).Accomplish agreeable to the taste, appropriate, in good time.It is that 26 ± 2 ℃, salinity are 30 ± 1 ‰, the pH value is 8.2 ± 0.2 that duration of test keeps temperature of cultivation.More than dissolved oxygen is controlled at 5.0mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen content is less than 0.02mg/L, and content of nitrite is less than 0.01mg/L.Inhale every day at the bottom of pond 1 time, to remove residual bait and the dead seedling at the bottom of pond; Remove in time the dirt of floating on water, quantity of exchanged water is 80%.Cultivation is carried out 30 days, and the survival rate of the spotted maigre of test group is 30.5%, and the survival rate of control group is 21.1%; The average length of test group spotted maigre is 4.0cm, and the average length of control group spotted maigre is 3.7cm.
Embodiment 3
One, feed formula
The consisting of of feed formula (take 1000g): (crude protein is 67% to white fish meal; Crude fat 9% (dry weight), U.S. seafood company), 450g; (crude protein is 63.9% to krill meal; Crude fat is 5.6% (dry weight), Zhoushan Fengshun fish meal Products Co., Ltd), 120g; Fish protein hydrolysate levels (crude protein is 64.3%, and crude fat is 7.6% (dry weight), and self-control adopts trypsase and papain hydrolysis white fish meal to make) 60g; (crude protein is 50.3% to squid powder; Crude fat is 4.9% (dry weight), Zhoushan Marine Fishery Co., State Bureau of Aquatic Products's fish meal factory), 80g; Fodder yeast, 50g; Alphalise starch, 80g; Soybean lecithin, 60g; Papain, 15g; Sodium alginate (binding agent), 8g; Fish oil, 38g; B B-complex, 15g; Composite mineral matter, 15g, taurine (phagostimulant and immunopotentiator), 8g; Glucan (immunopotentiator), 0.5g; Shitosan (immunopotentiator), 0.5g.
The feed nutrition of making consists of: moisture, 7.52%; Crude protein, 56.25%; Crude fat, 16.1%; Crude fibre: 2.44%; Coarse ash, 13.95%; Salt, 1.89%; Calcium, 2.47%; Total phosphorus, 1.95%; Lysine, 3.74%.
Two, the preparation method of micro-encapsulated diet
Solid material and micronizer for additive (WFJ series micronizer, Jiangyin City size reduction machinery Co., Ltd of gold section) are pulverized, and granularity is less than 20 μ m.The all feeds raw material is weighed in proportion, the principle of stack is mixed in a small amount, add a certain proportion of water, first fully mix by hand, all by 100 mesh sieves, then use 3 D multi-directional movement mixer (YH series 3 D multi-directional movement mixer, Changzhou Pu Naier drying equipment Co., Ltd) to mix 10 min.Adopt the efficient wet granulator to make particulate, mixed feed is put into to the efficient wet granulator, by 50 purpose meshes, make particulate.Then use spray method at the bottom of fluid bed instead, hot water soluble gelatin solution is carried out to end spray, process conditions are that EAT is 70 ℃, leaving air temp is 40 ℃, and bed temperature is 45 ℃, atmospheric pressure 25mPa, the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is 1.5 mL/min, single crowd of output 2kg, coating material is gelatin solution, the consumption of gelatin is 100g.
By 100 orders, 80 orders, 60 orders, 40 orders, 30 orders, 20 orders, 10 purpose shaking screens, adopt sieve method to carry out grain size grading the micro-encapsulated diet of preparation.By classification, good feed is with in vacuum packing machine sealing and aluminium foil bag, is stored in the refrigerator of 4 ℃ stand-by.
Three, culture experiment
Using the spotted maigre prelarva of 15 ages in days as test material, and total length is 0.5cm.The spotted maigre prelarva is moved into to 2 2.5m
3the cement culturing pool in, 20,000 tails are put in every pond.The Copepods of control group fed refrigeration.Test group, through feed transition period of 5 days, progressively reduces the consumption (reducing 20% every day) of halogen worm within the transition period, progressively increases the consumption (increasing by 20% every day) of micro-encapsulated diet (control group Copepods) simultaneously.According to the size of young postlarva and the bore of ingesting, the consumption of the particle diameter of micro-encapsulated diet and consumption and Copepods increases along with the growth of young postlarva.Throw something and feed during the 15-25 age in days micro-encapsulated diet (5.0-8.0 mg/ tail/sky) of 150-250 μ m particle diameter, be replaced by 200-450 μ m particle diameter during the 25-45 age in days.Control group 15-25 age in days fry is thrown something and fed and refrigerates Copepods (10.0-15.0mg/ tail/sky).Accomplish agreeable to the taste, appropriate, in good time.It is that 26 ± 2 ℃, salinity are 30 ± 1 ‰, the pH value is 8.2 ± 0.2 that duration of test keeps temperature of cultivation.More than dissolved oxygen is controlled at 6.0mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen content is less than 0.02mg/L, and content of nitrite is less than 0.01mg/L.Inhale every day at the bottom of pond 1 time, to remove residual bait and the dead seedling at the bottom of pond; Remove in time the dirt of floating on water, quantity of exchanged water is 80%.Cultivation is carried out 30 days, and the survival rate of the spotted maigre of test group is 29.9%, and the survival rate of control group is 21.6%; The average length of test group spotted maigre is 3.9cm, and the average length of control group spotted maigre is 3.5cm.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, it is characterized in that its raw material by following weight percentage makes: white fish meal 35%-45%, krill meal 12%-18%, squid powder 8%-12%, fish protein hydrolysate levels 4%-6%, fodder yeast 5%-7%, alphalise starch 7.8%-8%, soybean lecithin 4%-6%, papain 1.5%-2.5%, fish oil 2%-4%, B B-complex 1.5%-2.5%, composite mineral matter 1.5%-2.5%, binding agent 0.8%-1.2%, immunopotentiator 0.08%-0.12%, phagostimulant 0.8%-1.2%, wherein said binding agent is sodium alginate, described immunopotentiator is glucan and shitosan, described phagostimulant is taurine, and adopt the preparation method's preparation comprised the steps:
1) the solid feed raw material is pulverized with micronizer;
2) all feeds raw material is weighed, mixed in the ratio of feed formula, first fully mix by hand, by 100 eye mesh screens, then mixed with mixer;
3) mixed raw material is made to particulate;
4) by the capable dressing of spirt at the bottom of the particulate feed employing fluid bed of making, coating solution is uniformly sprayed on the feed surface, make micro-encapsulated diet, wherein coating solution adopts the aqueous solution of gelatin;
5) by the preparation micro-encapsulated diet by the shaking screen of different meshes, carry out grain size grading with sieve method;
6) by classification, good feed is sealed in aluminium foil bag with vacuum packing machine, is stored in the refrigerator of 4 ℃ stand-by;
Wherein in step 3), adopt one of following 3 kinds of methods to make particulate:
A. mixed raw material is adopted fluid bed top spray method to make particulate, comprise the steps: mixed material is placed in fluid bed, peristaltic pump sprays into water, flow is 0.5-1.5mL/min, the EAT of fluid bed is that 60-80 ℃, leaving air temp are 30-50 ℃, 40-60 ℃ of bed temperatures, compressed air pressure 20-30MPa, and the feed product particle diameter made is distributed between 150～600 μ m;
B. adopt extrusion-spheronization to make particulate mixed raw material, comprise the steps: mixed material is added the water of core amount 5%-10%, with trough type mixing machine with rotating speed 20-30rpm, the process conditions that the batch turning angle is 100-120 ° are mixed 10-30min, make the uniform moist wood of moisture content, the moist wood prepared is placed in to the stainless steel screen drum of rotating type granulating machine, through rotary squeezing, form cylindrical bars shape feed by mesh, and the method that is aided with hand-crushed becomes wet granular, particle diameter is controlled at 150～600 μ m, wet granular is put into and thrown circle 20-40min with rotating speed 5-15rpm in the rotating centrifugal dish of shot-blasting machine and make the ball ball,
C. adopt the efficient wet granulator to make particulate mixed raw material, comprise the steps: mixed feed is put into to the efficient wet granulator, by the mesh of certain order number, make particulate, the size of particulate is regulated according to the size of mesh;
In step 4), adopt the method for spraying at the bottom of fluid bed to carry out dressing, with hot water soluble gelatin solution, carry out end spray, process conditions are that EAT is 50-70 ℃, leaving air temp is 20-40 ℃, bed temperature is 35-45 ℃, atmospheric pressure 15-25MPa, and the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is 0.5-1.5 mL/min.
2. a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that its raw material by following weight percentage makes: white fish meal 40%, krill meal 15%, squid powder 10%, fish protein hydrolysate levels 5%, fodder yeast 6%, alphalise starch 7.9%, soybean lecithin 5%, papain 2%, fish oil 3%, B B-complex 2%, composite mineral matter 2%, binding agent 1%, immunopotentiator 0.1%, phagostimulant 1%.
3. a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that b method in step 3) comprises the steps: mixed material is added the water of core amount 8%, with trough type mixing machine with rotating speed 24rpm, the process conditions that the batch turning angle is 105 ° are mixed 20min, make the uniform moist wood of moisture content, the moist wood prepared is placed in to the stainless steel screen drum of rotating type granulating machine, through rotary squeezing, form cylindrical bars shape feed by 50 purpose mesh, and the method that is aided with hand-crushed becomes wet granular, particle diameter is controlled at 150～600 μ m, wet granular is put into and thrown circle 30min with rotating speed 10rpm in the rotating centrifugal dish of shot-blasting machine and make the ball ball.
4. a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that a method in step 3) draws together following steps: mixed material is placed in fluid bed, peristaltic pump sprays into water, flow is 1mL/min, the EAT of fluid bed is that 70 ℃, leaving air temp are 40 ℃, 50 ℃ of bed temperatures, compressed air pressure 25MPa, and the feed product particle diameter made is distributed between 150～600 μ m; In step 4), adopt the method for spraying at the bottom of fluid bed to carry out dressing, with hot water soluble gelatin solution, carry out end spray, process conditions are that EAT is 60 ℃, and leaving air temp is 30 ℃, and bed temperature is 40 ℃, atmospheric pressure 20MPa, and the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is 1mL/min.
5. the feeding method of a kind of spotted maigre young postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as described as any one in claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: the spotted maigre fry is carried out the feed transition period of 5 days, within the transition period, reduce the consumption of 20% biological live bait every day, increase the consumption of 20% micro-encapsulated diet every day, throw something and feed during the 15-25 age in days micro-encapsulated diet of 150-250 μ m particle diameter, be replaced by the micro-encapsulated diet of 200-450 μ m particle diameter during the 25-45 age in days, 5.0-8.0 mg/ tail/sky, increase aeration quantity simultaneously, make Feed Energy be distributed in uniformly in water body, more than dissolved oxygen in nursery pond remains on 5mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen content is less than 0.02mg/L, content of nitrite is less than 0.01mg/L, keeping temperature of cultivation is 26 ± 2 ℃, salinity is 30 ± 1 ‰, the pH value is 8.2 ± 0.2, adopt on a small quantity repeatedly, the mode of being satiated with food and throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed every day 6 times, inhale every day at the bottom of pond 1 time, with the residual bait at the bottom of the removing pond and dead seedling, remove in time the dirt of floating on water, quantity of exchanged water is 80%.
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