WO2022059519A1 - 生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料、生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物 - Google Patents
生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料、生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022059519A1 WO2022059519A1 PCT/JP2021/032416 JP2021032416W WO2022059519A1 WO 2022059519 A1 WO2022059519 A1 WO 2022059519A1 JP 2021032416 W JP2021032416 W JP 2021032416W WO 2022059519 A1 WO2022059519 A1 WO 2022059519A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum sulfate
- ready
- concrete
- mixed concrete
- cement
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003340 retarding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002557 soporific effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000147 hypnotic effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003326 hypnotic agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/10—Acids or salts thereof containing carbon in the anion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/14—Acids or salts thereof containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C04B24/06—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete material and a ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete composition.
- the pot life is also an important performance for the required performance of hard concrete. Considering the time required for construction by manufacturing ready-mixed concrete at the ready-mixed concrete plant and transporting it to the construction site and the cleaning time of the agitator truck, which is a ready-mixed concrete transport vehicle, it is possible to secure a usable time of at least 120 minutes, preferably 180 minutes or more. desirable. However, securing a long pot life delays the curing time, so that the required strength at short-term material age cannot be satisfied. Therefore, with the conventional technique, it is difficult to satisfy the required strength development at the initial age while ensuring a sufficient pot life.
- hard concrete is actually prepared at the construction site.
- hard concrete is kneaded with a mixer of about 0.1 to 0.2 m3 , and hard concrete is prepared and placed by human wave tactics.
- This method requires a lot of man-hours, requires a lot of man-hours, and is costly, and there is a limit to the volume of hard concrete that can be supplied.
- hard concrete is continuously supplied using a concrete mobile vehicle.
- fine aggregates and coarse aggregates whose moisture is controlled to a certain level in advance are packed in flexible container packs and transported to the site, or hardened.
- the cost of hard concrete is remarkably high because the man-hours such as packing the cement in a flexible container pack and transporting it to the site for preparation may increase.
- Patent Document 1 At least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium aluminate-based compound, calcium silicate-based compound, colloidal silica, Portland cement, calcium sulfate cement, and blast furnace slag.
- a ready-mixed concrete shipping type hardened concrete material using a hardener for ready-mixed concrete shipping type hardened concrete including the above is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 shows that if aluminum sulfate is used as a quick-setting agent, aluminum sulfate is instantly bound and the pot life cannot be secured.
- Aluminum sulfate is an excellent quick-setting agent like sodium aluminate and alkali metal hydroxides, but unlike these, it is also excellent in handleability and can be said to be a highly practical material. Further, since aluminum sulfate can be used in either liquid or solid form, it is highly practical in that the form can be selected according to the construction site and the situation.
- the present inventors prepare concrete mixed with cement, hardened material, and A material containing a sleeping agent at a ready-mixed concrete plant, and after transporting it to the site.
- B material containing aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator containing aluminum sulfate it is possible to prepare a practical hard-hardened concrete composition having excellent initial strength development while ensuring sufficient pot life.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the hypnotic and the hypnotic represented by the following formula (1), which include a material A containing cement, a hardener, and a hypnotic, and a material B containing an aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator containing aluminum sulfate.
- Equation (1) Amount of substance of aluminum sulfate (mol) x number of aluminum x valence of aluminum ions / (amount of substance of retarder in sleeping pills (mol) x retarding agent ions in sleeping pills Valence) [2] Further, the aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator contains magnesium and calcium, and the content thereof is 0.007 to 4 parts by mass in terms of oxide with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aluminum sulfate [1].
- a ready-mixed concrete shipping type hardened concrete composition obtained by mixing a material A containing cement, a hardened material, and a sleeping agent and a material B containing an aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator containing aluminum sulfate.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a highly practical ready-mixed concrete shipping type hardened concrete composition having excellent initial strength development and high practicality while ensuring sufficient pot life. Further, it is possible to provide a ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete material suitable for producing the ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete composition.
- composition in the present specification is a general term for a cement composition, a mortar composition, and a concrete composition.
- the two-material ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete material of the present embodiment is a material A containing cement, a hard material, and a sleeping pill, and aluminum sulfate-based curing containing aluminum sulfate. It is composed of at least two materials including B material containing an accelerator.
- the “ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete” in the present embodiment means that after kneading ready-mixed concrete (ready-mixed concrete) at a ready-mixed concrete factory or a ready-mixed concrete plant, it is transported by an agitator truck or the like to a civil engineering work site, a construction site, or the like. Concrete that is shipped to the construction site and hardens relatively quickly after driving.
- ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete at least 120 minutes or more is required from shipment to completion of work due to the transportation time, and if the transportation distance is long, 180 minutes or more is secured. It is desirable to do. This embodiment is specifically used for such applications.
- the above-mentioned "agitator truck” is a freight vehicle equipped with a mixing drum (mixing container) on the loading platform, which can transport ready-mixed concrete while stirring, and there is no big difference in its functions.
- mixing drum mixing container
- the hypnotic in the material A puts the ready-mixed concrete shipping type hardened concrete to sleep, that is, the hydration hardening is almost stopped. This makes it possible to secure pot life. Further, by adding the aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator in the B material, the hydration hardening of the hardened concrete which has been put to sleep by adding a large amount of hypnotic is awakened again at the construction site. Then, excellent initial strength development can be obtained by other components such as a hardened material. Condensation and hardening will proceed by adding the B material, but it is necessary to secure a working time even after the addition of the B material, and it is necessary to secure a pot life of at least 15 minutes or more.
- aluminum sulfate shows a momentary property when added in a normal amount, and it is not possible to secure a sufficient pot life.
- the stoichiometric ratio of the hypnotic and aluminum sulfate is examined, and the range is set to the range of 0.5 to 5, so that a sufficient pot life is secured and an excellent initial stage is obtained. Achieved strength development.
- aluminum sulfate has excellent handleability and can be used in either liquid or solid form (preferably powder), so that form can be selected according to the construction site and situation. Highly practical.
- the B material and the A material will be described in detail.
- the aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator in the B material means a material containing aluminum sulfate as a main component (preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more) as a curing accelerator component.
- the presence of substances (other components) other than the curing accelerator in the B material can also enhance the dispersibility of the aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator and promote the effect of the aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator. Any substance that does not inhibit the effect of the present invention can be contained in the range of 30% or less.
- As the aluminum sulfate there are anhydrous aluminum sulfate and aluminum sulfate of various numbers of water of crystallization, and any of them can be used in the present invention.
- Aluminum sulfate can be used in powder form or in liquid form dissolved in water. When the aluminum sulfate is liquid, the B material is also liquid, and when it is powdery, the B material is also powdery.
- the concentration of aluminum sulfate at this time is preferably 10 to 40% in terms of solid content (anhydride), more preferably 20 to 30.
- the "liquid” includes a slurry and a suspension.
- aluminum sulfate is preferably a powder.
- Aluminum sulfate may not be pulverized with 14 hydroxides or more, and 12 hydroxides or less is preferable.
- the anhydrous salt may deteriorate the coagulation property, a tetrahydrate or more is preferable.
- 4 to 12 water salts that is, aluminum sulfate is a hydrate, and the number of hydrated waters thereof is more preferably 4 to 12. The number of hydrated water may be adjusted, for example, by heating aluminum sulfate of 18-hydrate to a desired number of hydrated water.
- the particle size is not limited, but it is difficult to dissolve in the form of a lump, and it is usually preferable to pass through a 1.2 mm sieve, and more to pass through a 0.6 m sieve. preferable.
- the aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator contains magnesium and calcium, and the content thereof is preferably 0.007 to 4 parts by mass in terms of oxide with respect to 100 parts by mass of aluminum sulfate, and 0.01 to 2 parts by mass. Is more preferable.
- the content is 0.007 to 4 parts, sufficient adhesion can be imparted even in a low temperature environment from normal temperature, and it is also possible to prevent a significant decrease in long-term strength in a high temperature environment. In addition, the initial strength development can be maintained well.
- the "low temperature” in the above "low temperature environment” means 5 ° C or lower, and the "high temperature” in the "high temperature environment” means 25 ° C or higher.
- the B material is liquid
- magnesium and calcium are contained in the aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator
- a compound containing magnesium and calcium is dissolved in the liquid B material, respectively, and the content of magnesium and calcium is contained. Is 0.007 to 4 parts in terms of oxide with respect to 100 parts of aluminum sulfate.
- a predetermined amount of the magnesium compound and the calcium compound may be dissolved.
- the aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator contains magnesium and calcium, and the aluminum sulfate contains magnesium and calcium, and the content thereof is oxidized with respect to 100 parts of aluminum sulfate.
- An embodiment in which the amount is 0.007 to 4 parts in terms of physical material can be mentioned.
- a compound such as CaO and / or MgO contained in sulfuric acid when mixing aluminum hydroxide and sulfuric acid in order to produce aluminum sulfate is in a desired range.
- compounds such as CaO and MgO may be intentionally mixed with aluminum hydroxide and sulfuric acid in a desired range and heated to react.
- Al sulfate in this case CaO and MgO are confirmed together with aluminum sulfate by fluorescent X-ray analysis, but CaO and MgO can be identified only by confirming a broad peak of aluminum sulfate by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The peak that can be formed is not confirmed. That is, although the aluminum sulfate contains calcium and magnesium, it can be substantially equated with aluminum sulfate.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- magnesium and calcium are preferably contained as oxides (MgO, CaO), and the CaO content is 0.005 to 2% in the B material.
- the MgO content is preferably 0.002 to 2%.
- the CaO content is more preferably 0.01 to 1.5%, and the MgO content is more preferably 0.008 to 1.5%.
- the CaO content is 0.005% or more, long-term strength is more likely to be obtained under high temperature conditions, and when it is 2% or less, deterioration of the coagulation property is easily suppressed. Further, when the MgO content is 0.002% or more, long-term strength is more likely to be obtained in a high temperature condition, and when it is 2% or less, abnormal expansion is likely to be suppressed in a high temperature condition.
- the stoichiometric ratio of aluminum sulfate and the hypnotic described below is examined, and the range is set to the range of 0.5 to 5, thereby ensuring sufficient pot life. Achieved excellent initial strength development.
- the stoichiometric ratio is expressed by the following equation (1).
- the formula (1) means the ratio of aluminum sulfate, which is a curing accelerator, to the hypnotic in concrete containing a hardener and a hypnotic, and this ratio is in the range of 0.5 to 5. If this ratio is too low, the amount of sleeping pills is too large to obtain rapid hardness, and if this ratio is too high, the amount of curing accelerator is too large and the concrete is instantly bound.
- Equation (1) Amount of substance of aluminum sulfate (mol) x number of aluminum x valence of aluminum ions / (amount of substance of retarder in sleeping pills (mol) x retarding agent ions in sleeping pills Valence)
- Material A includes cement, hardened materials, and hypnotics.
- the hypnotic used in the present embodiment has a function of putting the hard concrete shipped from the ready-mixed concrete to sleep (almost stopping the hydration hardening), and is used for hard-hardening troubles in the ready-mixed concrete plant or when transporting by an agitator truck. This is to avoid the sudden hard trouble of.
- the sleeping agent include oxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a combination thereof with an alkali metal carbonate, saccharides, boric acid and the like.
- the retarder corresponds to oxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a saccharide, or boric acid.
- the combined use of oxycarboxylic acid and alkali metal carbonate is preferable from the viewpoint of having a large effect of putting the hardened concrete to sleep and having good strength development after the addition of the B material.
- an alkali metal carbonate other than lithium is preferable to select an alkali metal carbonate other than lithium as the alkali metal carbonate. It is necessary to secure a sufficient pot life of the base concrete, secure a certain pot life even after adding the B material, and further improve the strength development. From this point of view, lithium carbonate is applied. Is not desirable.
- only alkali metal carbonates that are not used in combination with oxycarboxylic acid do not serve as hypnotics.
- the base concrete means concrete which is kneaded with cement, hardener, hypnotic, aggregate, and kneading water at least.
- the sleeping agent preferably contains a mixture of oxycarboxylic acid, an alkali metal carbonate other than lithium and an oxycarboxylic acid, and more preferably contains a mixture of an alkali metal carbonate other than lithium and an oxycarboxylic acid.
- the mixing ratio of the alkali metal carbonate other than lithium and the oxycarboxylic acid is preferably 10/90 to 90/10 for the alkali metal carbonate / oxycarboxylic acid, and is 20/80 to 80/20. Is more preferable.
- Examples of the oxycarboxylic acid include oxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, examples of the oxycarboxylic acid include citric acid, gluconic acid, tartrate acid, and malic acid, and examples thereof include sodium salt, potassium salt, and calcium salt. Examples include magnesium salts. One or more of these may be used in combination.
- the content of the hypnotic is preferably 0.3 to 5 parts, more preferably 0.3 to 4.5 parts, with respect to 100 parts in total of the cement and the hardened material. With 0.3 to 5 copies, it is easy to secure sufficient working time in addition to the transportation time to the site. In addition, when the B material is added, hydration hardening is likely to occur again.
- the hardened material of the present embodiment is preferably composed of a calcium aluminate-based compound and sucrose.
- the calcium aluminate-based compound is a general term for compounds mainly composed of CaO and Al2O3 , and is not particularly limited. Specific examples thereof include CaO / Al 2O 3 , 12CaO / 7Al 2O 3 , 11CaO / 7Al 2O3 / CaF2 , 3CaO / Al2O3 , 3CaO / 3Al2O3 / CaSO 4 , and further, CaO.
- an amorphous substance mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 for example, CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system compound
- the degree of amorphousness in this embodiment is defined as follows.
- the target substance is annealed at 1000 ° C. for 2 hours and then slowly cooled at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./min to crystallize.
- the crystallized material is measured by powder X-ray diffraction method, and the area S0 of the main peak of the crystalline mineral is obtained.
- the degree of amorphousness X is obtained from the main peak area S of the crystal of the substance before annealing by the following formula.
- X (%) 100 ⁇ (1-S / S 0 )
- the hardened material contains CaO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2 system compound and sucrose, and the amorphous degree of this CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system compound is 70% or more, and the degree of amorphousness is 70% or more.
- SiO 2 is preferably in the range of 1 to 18% by mass. More preferably, the degree of amorphousness of the CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 compound is 80% or more, and the amount of SiO 2 is in the range of 2 to 13% by mass.
- the calcium aluminate compound is preferably adjusted to a specific surface area of 3000 to 9000 cm 2 / g by pulverization treatment, and more preferably 4000 to 8000 cm 2 / g.
- the degree of powderiness (brain specific surface area) of the calcium aluminate compound is 4000 to 9000 cm 2 / g, it becomes easy to obtain sufficient rapid hardness, and it becomes easy to obtain strength development at low temperature.
- the hardened material of the present embodiment is preferably adjusted to a brain specific surface area of 3000 to 9000 cm 2 / g by pulverization treatment, and more preferably adjusted to 4000 to 8000 cm 2 / g.
- the powderiness of the hardened material is 3000 to 9000 cm 2 / g, it becomes easy to obtain sufficient ultrafast hardness, and it becomes easy to obtain strength development at low temperature.
- the content of the hardened material is preferably 10 to 35 parts, more preferably 15 to 30 parts, still more preferably 20 to 25 parts out of a total of 100 parts of the cement and the hardened material.
- the content is 10 to 35 parts, good initial strength development is easily obtained, and long-term strength is less likely to decrease.
- ultrafast hardened cement As the hardened material and cement, it is also possible to use ultrafast hardened cement.
- ultrafast-hardening cement those containing a compound such as calcium fluoroaluminate (C11 A7 / CaF 2 ) or calcium sulfate (3CaO / 3Al 2 O 3 / CaSO 4 ) as a main component are known. ing.
- any sequel such as anhydrous sequel, semi-water sequel, and dihydrate sequel can be used.
- natural sequels chemical sewage such as phosphoric acid by-product sewage, excretion sewage, and hydrofluoric acid by-product sewage, or sewage obtained by heat-treating these can also be used.
- anhydrous sucrose and / or semi-water succulent are preferable from the viewpoint of strength development, but it is desirable to select anhydrous sequel from the viewpoint of cost, and type II anhydrous sequel and / or natural anhydrous sequel are preferable.
- the particle size of the sequel is preferably 3000 cm 2 / g or more in terms of brain value, and more preferably 4000 to 7000 cm 2 / g. When it is 3000 cm 2 / g or more, the initial strength development can be satisfactorily exhibited.
- the amount of the sucrose used is preferably 10 to 200 parts, more preferably 15 to 150 parts, still more preferably 20 to 130 parts with respect to 100 parts of the calcium aluminate compound. Within these ranges, the strength development can be satisfactorily exhibited.
- cement in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but for example, various Portland cements, blast furnace slag, and fly ash of ordinary, early-strength, moderate-heat, and low-heat defined by the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). , Various mixed cements mixed with silica, Filler cement mixed with limestone powder, blast furnace slow cooling slag fine powder, etc., and environment-friendly cement (eco-cement) manufactured from city waste incineration ash and sewage sludge incineration ash. ) And all other cements. In addition, cement defined by EN197-2000 overseas and all cements defined by the Chinese GB standard can be mentioned, and one or more of these can be used.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
- the constituent compounds of Portland cement are alite (3CaO ⁇ SiO 2 ), belite (2CaO ⁇ SiO 2 ), aluminate (3CaO ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ), and ferrite (4 CaO ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 ).
- two-water cement is mixed (a part of this may change to semi-water cement).
- cement corresponding to this include early-strength cement and ordinary cement, for example, Japanese cement.
- P / II52.5 and P / II42.5 can be mentioned.
- an expansion material in addition to the above-mentioned quenching material, sleeping agent, and aluminum sulfate-based curing accelerator, an expansion material, a water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high-performance water reducing agent, a blast furnace slow cooling slag fine powder, and a blast furnace slow cooling.
- Slag such as slag fine powder, admixture materials such as limestone fine powder and fly ash, silica fume, defoaming agent, thickener, rust preventive, antifreeze, shrinkage reducing agent, polymer, clay mineral such as bentonite, and hydro It is possible to use one or more of anion exchangers such as talsite for A material and / or B material within a range that does not substantially impair the object of the present invention.
- the ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete composition according to the present embodiment is a material A containing cement, a hard material, and a sleeping agent, and an aluminum sulfate-based curing promotion containing aluminum sulfate. It is made by mixing with B material containing an agent.
- the stoichiometric ratio of the hypnotic represented by the above-mentioned formula (1) to aluminum sulfate is 0.5 to 5.
- the preferred range and the like are the same as those mentioned in "Material type ready-mixed concrete shipping type hardened concrete material".
- the B material In the ready-mixed concrete plant, it is necessary to prepare various base concretes mixed with the A material, and the B material needs to be added and mixed with the various base concretes after being transported to the site. If the B material is mixed with various base concretes in advance at the ready-mixed concrete plant instead of at the construction site, the pot life cannot be secured. Further, if both the hardened material and the B material are added at the ready-mixed concrete factory, the pot life becomes extremely short, and the concrete is forced to be discarded during the transportation. When the B material is added at the ready-mixed concrete factory and the hardened material is added at the construction site, the pot life after adding the hardened material becomes extremely short, 10 minutes or less, and the construction cannot be performed.
- the pot life is shortened, the compressive strength is low, and only about 30% of the drum volume of the agitator can be conveyed.
- the timing of adding the A material and the B material is extremely important.
- the base concrete mixed with A material is transported to the construction site at the ready-mixed concrete plant, and B at the construction site.
- the ready-mixed concrete shipping type hardened concrete composition of the present embodiment can be obtained.
- Preparation method for ready-mixed concrete shipping type hard concrete In the embodiment of the method for preparing ready-mixed concrete for shipping ready-mixed concrete of the present invention, at least material A is kneaded together with kneading water in a kneading container to form a base concrete (kneading step), and further, material B is used.
- kneading step the process of mixing at the construction site is sequentially included.
- the kneaded water is supplied from, for example, a ready-mixed concrete factory or a ready-mixed concrete plant. Further, in the kneading process, transportation is often performed together with kneading.
- the capacity of the base concrete containing the material A and the kneading water is at least 40% (volume%) or more of the internal volume of the kneading (carrying) container, and 50% by volume or more. Is more preferable.
- the kneading (carrying) container is a container provided in a ready-mixed concrete transport vehicle such as a drum of an agitator truck and capable of holding the ready-mixed concrete while stirring.
- the type of B material and the above-mentioned stoichiometric ratio within an appropriate range so that the pot life after mixing the B material can be secured for 10 minutes or more, preferably 15 minutes or more.
- the kneaded material is transported and shipped to the construction site, and after the driving work. Suitable for use as an added material.
- the pot life can be set to, for example, 120 minutes or more, preferably 180 minutes or more.
- s / a is a fine aggregate ratio, which is a value expressed as a percentage of the absolute volume ratio of the fine aggregate amount to the total aggregate amount in concrete.
- the environmental temperature was 20 ° C.
- the stoichiometric ratio was calculated from the above equation (1).
- Curing accelerator a, b Liquid aluminum sulfate with aluminum sulfate content of 27% (used in Experiment Nos. 1-2 to 1-6), solvent is water curing accelerator b: powdered aluminum sulfate Aluminum (14 water salt) that passed through a 0.6 mm sieve was used (used in Experiment No. 1-7).
- Hardened material A An equal amount mixture of CaO-Al 2O 3 -SiO 2 amorphous substance and anhydrous secco. CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 amorphous substance CaO is 43%, Al 2 O 3 is 44%, SiO 2 is 10%, and others are 3%. Density 2.85 g / cm 3 , Brain specific surface area 5000 cm 2 / g, Amorphousness 90%
- Hypnotic Hypnotic 1 A mixture of 75 parts of potassium carbonate of the first grade of reagent and 25 parts of citric acid of the first grade of reagent.
- Example 2 CaO and MgO (both reagents) are dissolved in 100 parts of aluminum sulfate so as to have the contents as shown in Table 2 below to prepare the curing accelerators a-1 to a-4.
- the procedure was the same as in Experimental Example 1 except that these were used instead of the curing accelerator a.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 Experiment No. Using the B material used in 1-4, the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1 was carried out except that the type and stoichiometric ratio of the hypnotic were changed as shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 3. When the non-hypnotic agent 2 was used, the amount of the non-hypnotic agent 2 was 112 parts with respect to 100 parts of aluminum sulfate.
- Sleeping agent 1 Mixture of 75 parts of reagent first grade potassium carbonate and 25 parts of reagent first grade citric acid
- Example 4 Experiment No. As shown in Table 4 below, in the material A used in 1-4, the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1 was carried out except that the type of cement and the amount of hypnotic 1 used were changed. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
- Example 5 Experiment No.
- the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1 was carried out except that the type and amount of the hardened material were changed as shown in Table 5 below.
- the results are shown in Table 5 below.
- the hard materials B to D are as follows.
- -Stiff material B An equal amount mixture of CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 amorphous substance and anhydrous secco.
- CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 amorphous substance CaO is 47%, Al 2 O 3 is 47%, SiO 2 is 3%, and others are 3%.
- Density 2.85 g / cm 3 Brain specific surface area 5000 cm 2 / g, Amorphousness 90% -Stiff material
- C An equal amount mixture of alumina cement No. 1 containing CaO / Al 2 O 3 as a main component and anhydrous secco.
- Example 6 Experiment No. The same procedure as in Experimental Example 1 was carried out except that the addition timing (location) of the A material and the B material in 1-4 was changed as shown in Table 6 below. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- the ready-mixed concrete shipping type hardened concrete composition of the present invention is particularly preferably used in the field of civil engineering and construction because it has excellent initial strength development while ensuring sufficient pot life.
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Abstract
Description
式(1):量論比=硫酸アルミニウムの物質量(mol)×アルミニウムの数×アルミニウムイオンの価数/(眠剤中の遅延剤の物質量(mol)×眠剤中の遅延剤イオンの価数)
[2] さらに、前記硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤がマグネシウム及びカルシウムを含み、これらの含有量が前記硫酸アルミニウム100質量部に対して、酸化物換算で0.007~4質量部である[1]に記載の2材型の生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料。
[3] セメント、急硬材、及び眠剤を含むA材と、硫酸アルミニウムを含む硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤を含むB材とが混合されてなる生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物であって、下記式(1)で表される前記眠剤と前記硫酸アルミニウムとの量論比が0.5~5である生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物。
式(1):量論比=硫酸アルミニウムの物質量(mol)×アルミニウムの数×アルミニウムイオンの価数/(眠剤中の遅延剤の物質量(mol)×眠剤中の遅延剤イオンの価数)
本実施形態の2材型の生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料は、セメント、急硬材、及び眠剤を含むA材と、硫酸アルミニウムを含む硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤を含むB材とを含む、少なくとも2材で構成されている。
なお、上記の「アジテータ車」とは、生コンを撹拌しながら輸送することができる、荷台部分にミキシング・ドラム(練り混ぜ用容器)を備えた貨物自動車であり、その機能に大きな差はないが、最大積載量2~26t級のものがあり、用途に応じて使い分けられている。
B材を添加することで凝結・硬化が進行するようになるが、B材を添加した後も、作業時間を確保する必要があり、少なくとも15分以上の可使時間の確保が必要である。しかし、硫酸アルミニウムは通常の添加量では瞬結性を示し、十分な可使時間の確保ができなくなる。これに対して本実施形態では、眠剤と硫酸アルミニウムとの量論比を検討し、その範囲を0.5~5の範囲とすることで、十分な可使時間を確保し、優れた初期強度発現性を実現した。
また、硫酸アルミニウムは既述のとおり、取り扱い性にも優れており、液状及び固形状(好ましくは粉末)のいずれの形態でも使用できるため、施工場所や状況に応じてその形態を選択できる等、実用性が高い。
以下、B材、A材について詳細に説明する。
B材における硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤とは、硬化促進剤成分として硫酸アルミニウムを主成分(70%以上であることが好ましく、80%以上であることがより好ましい)としているものをいう。
なお、B材中には、硬化促進剤以外の物質(その他の成分)の存在も、当該硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤の分散性を高めたり、硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤の効果を助長したりできるもので、本発明の効果を阻害しないものあれば、30%以下の範囲で含有させることができる。
なお、「液状」にはスラリー状のものや懸濁液の状態のものも含まれる。
硫酸アルミニウムは、14水塩以上では粉砕できない場合があり、12水塩以下が好ましい。また、無水塩は凝結性状が低下する場合があるため、4水塩以上が好ましい。より好ましくは4~12水塩、すなわち、硫酸アルミニウムが水和物であり、その水和水の数が4~12であることがより好ましい。
水和水の数の調整は、例えば、18水塩の硫酸アルミニウムを加熱等して所望の水和水の数になるように脱水すればよい。
なお、上記の「低温環境下」における「低温」とは、5℃以下を指し、「高温環境下」における「高温」とは、25℃以上を指す。
この場合の硫酸アルミニウムは、蛍光X線分析では硫酸アルミニウムとともにCaO、MgOが確認されるが、X線回折(XRD)の分析では、硫酸アルミニウムのブロードなピークが確認できるだけで、CaO及びMgOを同定できるピークが確認されない。すなわち、当該硫酸アルミニウムは、カルシウム及びマグネシウムを含むが、実質的には、硫酸アルミニウムと同視し得るものとなる。
式(1)は、急硬材と眠剤が含まれるコンクリートにおいて、眠剤に対する硬化促進剤である硫酸アルミニウムの比率を意味するもので、この比が0.5~5の範囲にあるということは、この比が低すぎると眠剤が過多で急硬性が得られず、この比が高すぎると硬化促進剤が過多で瞬結してしまうことになる。
・硫酸アルミニウム(Al2(SO4)3)M.W.=342.2
・クエン酸(C6H8O7)M.W.=192.1
・硫酸アルミニウム:結合材500000g×0.01(=1%)÷342.2=14.6mol
・クエン酸:結合材500,000g×0.015(=1.5%)×0.25(=25%)÷192.1=9.7mol
式(1):量論比=(14.6×2×3)/(9.7×3)=3.0
A材は、セメント、急硬材、及び眠剤を含む。
(眠剤)
本実施形態で使用する眠剤は、生コンから出荷した急硬コンクリートを眠らせる(水和硬化をほぼ停止させる)働きを持つものであり、生コンプラントでの急硬トラブルや、アジテータ車で搬送する際の急硬トラブルを回避するものである。眠剤としては、例えば、オキシカルボン酸、又は、その塩、或いはこれらとアルカリ金属炭酸塩の併用、糖類、ホウ酸等が挙げられる。これらのうち、遅延剤はオキシカルボン酸又はその塩、糖類、ホウ酸が該当する。
上記のうち、オキシカルボン酸とアルカリ金属炭酸塩を併用することが、急硬コンクリートを眠らせる効果が大きい面や、B材を添加した後の強度発現性が良好な面から好ましい。ただし、アルカリ金属炭酸塩はリチウム以外のアルカリ金属炭酸塩を選定することが好ましい。ベースコンクリートの十分な可使時間を確保し、かつ、B材を添加した後も一定の可使時間を確保し、さらに、強度発現性を良好にする必要があり、この観点から炭酸リチウムの適用は好ましくない。また、オキシカルボン酸と併用しないアルカリ金属炭酸塩のみの場合は眠剤とはならない。
なお、本明細書において、ベースコンクリートとは、少なくとも、セメント、急硬材、眠剤、骨材、及び混練水を混練してなるコンクリートをいう。
本実施形態の急硬材は、カルシウムアルミネート系化合物とセッコウ類とからなることが好ましい。ここで、カルシウムアルミネート系化合物とは、CaOとAl2O3を主体とする化合物を総称するものであり、特に限定されるものではない。その具体例としては、CaO・Al2O3、12CaO・7Al2O3、11CaO・7Al2O3・CaF2、3CaO・Al2O3、3CaO・3Al2O3・CaSO4、更に、CaOとAl2O3を主体とする非晶質物質(例えば、CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系化合物)等が挙げられる。中でも、非晶質物質を選定することが強度発現性の観点から好ましい。
X(%)=100×(1-S/S0)
本実施形態でいう「セメント」とは、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、日本工業規格(JIS)で定められる普通、早強、中庸熱、低熱の各種ポルトランドセメント、高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、シリカを混合した各種の混合セメント、石灰石粉末や高炉徐冷スラグ微粉末などを混合したフィラーセメント、並びに、都市ゴミ焼却灰や下水汚泥焼却灰を原料として製造された環境調和型セメント(エコセメント)などのあらゆるセメントが挙げられる。また、海外のEN197-2000で定められたセメントや中国GB規格で定められるあらゆるセメントを挙げることができ、これらのうちの一種又は二種以上が使用可能である。
本実施形態に係る生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物は、セメント、急硬材、及び眠剤を含むA材と、硫酸アルミニウムを含む硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤を含むB材とが混合されてなる。そして、既述の式(1)で表される眠剤と硫酸アルミニウムとの量論比は0.5~5となっている。なお、好ましい範囲等は、「材型の生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料」で言及したものと同様である。
B材を生コン工場で添加し、施工現場で急硬材を添加する場合には、急硬材を添加した後の可使時間が10分以下と極端に短くなり、施工ができない。急硬材とB材を施工現場で添加する場合には、可使時間が短縮され、圧縮強度も低い値となることに加え、アジテータのドラム容積の30%程度しか搬送できない。このように、A材とB材の添加タイミングは極めて重要である。
本発明の生コン出荷型急硬コンクリートの調製方法の実施形態は、少なくともA材を混練水とともに練り混ぜ用容器内で練り混ぜてベースコンクリートとする工程(練り混ぜ工程)と、さらに、B材を例えば施工現場で混合する工程と、を順次含む。
なお、上記混練水は例えば、生コン工場や生コンプラント等から供給される。また、練り混ぜ工程では、練り混ぜとともに運搬も行われる場合が多い。
ここで、練り混ぜ(・運搬)用容器とは、例えば、アジテータ車のドラム等のような生コン運搬車に備え付けられ、生コンを撹拌しながら保持できる容器をいう。
セメント375kg/m3、急硬材A125kg/m3、水/結合材比32%、s/a=42%、空気量2.0±1.5容量%の急硬コンクリートを調製した。この際、セメントと急硬材からなる結合材100部に対して、眠剤1を1.5部添加し、24時間以上、水和硬化しないようにした(A材)。現場までの搬送時間と施工現場に到着後に待機時間が発生したことを想定して、120分後に硬化促進剤を含むB材を下記表1に示す量論比で添加した。B材を添加してからの可使時間を測定するとともに、B材添加後から6時間後(練り上がりから8時間後)の圧縮強度を測定した。なお、s/aは、細骨材率で、コンクリート中の全骨材量に対する細骨材量の絶対容積比を百分率で表した値である。また、環境温度は20℃とした。また、量論比は既述の式(1)から計算した。
(1)硬化促進剤イ、ロ
硬化促進剤イ:液状硫酸アルミニウムで硫酸アルミニウム含有量は27%(実験No.1-2~1-6で使用)、溶媒は水
硬化促進剤ロ:粉末硫酸アルミニウム(14水塩)で、0.6mmの篩を通過したものを使用した(実験No.1-7で使用)
急硬材A:CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系非晶質物質と無水セッコウの等量混合物。CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系非晶質物質のCaOが43%、Al2O3が44%、SiO2が10%、その他3%。密度2.85g/cm3、ブレーン比表面積5000cm2/g、非晶質度90%
眠剤1:試薬1級の炭酸カリウム75部と試薬1級のクエン酸25部の混合物
セメント:市販の普通ポルトランドセメント(デンカ社製 密度3.15g/cm3)
無水石膏:II型無水石膏、pH3.0、ブレーン比表面積5000cm2/g
水:水道水
細骨材:天然川砂
粗骨材:砕石
・可使時間:JIS A 1147に準じて凝結の始発時間を測定し、可使時間とした。
・圧縮強度:JIS A 1108に準じて測定した。
硬化促進剤イにCaO及びMgO(いずれも試薬)を硫酸アルミニウム100部に対して下記表2のような含有量となるように溶解し、硬化促進剤イ-1~イ-4を作製し、硬化促進剤イの代わりにこれらを用いた以外は実験例1と同様に行った。結果を表2に示す。
実験No.1-4で使用したB材を使用し、眠剤の種類及び量論比を表3に示すように変化したこと以外は、実験例1と同様に行った。結果を表3に示す。なお、非眠剤2を用いた場合は、非眠剤2は硫酸アルミニウム100部に対して、112部になるようにした。
眠剤1:試薬1級の炭酸カリウム75部と試薬1級のクエン酸25部の混合物
非眠剤2:試薬1級の炭酸カリウム
眠剤3:試薬1級のクエン酸
眠剤4:試薬1級の酒石酸(C4H6O6、M.W.=150.09、2価の塩基)
実験No.1-4で使用したA材において、下記表4に示すように、セメントの種類と眠剤1の使用量を変化したこと以外は実験例1と同様に行った。結果を下記表4に示す。
実験No.1-4で使用したA材において、下記表5に示すように急硬材の種類と使用量を変化したこと以外は実験例1と同様に行った。結果を下記表5に示す。なお、急硬材B~Dは下記のとおりである。
・急硬材B:CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系非晶質物質と無水セッコウとの等量混合物。CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系非晶質物質のCaOが47%、Al2O3が47%、SiO2が3%、その他3%。密度2.85g/cm3、ブレーン比表面積5000cm2/g、非晶質度90%
・急硬材C:CaO・Al2O3を主成分とするアルミナセメント1号と無水セッコウの等量混合物。密度3.00g/cm3、ブレーン比表面積5000cm2/g
・急硬材D:3CaO・3Al2O3・CaSO4系化合物を主成分(40%)として含有する超速硬セメント。密度2.80g/cm3、ブレーン比表面積5000cm2/g
実験No.1-4のA材及びB材の添加時期(場所)を下記表6に示すように変化したこと以外は実験例1と同様に行った。結果を下記表6に示す。
Claims (3)
- セメント、急硬材、及び眠剤を含むA材と、硫酸アルミニウムを含む硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤を含むB材とを含み、下記式(1)で表される前記眠剤と前記硫酸アルミニウムとの量論比が0.5~5である2材型の生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料。
式(1):量論比=硫酸アルミニウムの物質量(mol)×アルミニウムの数×アルミニウムイオンの価数/(眠剤中の遅延剤の物質量(mol)×眠剤中の遅延剤イオンの価数) - さらに、前記硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤がマグネシウム及びカルシウムを含み、これらの含有量が前記硫酸アルミニウム100質量部に対して、酸化物換算で0.007~4質量部である請求項1に記載の2材型の生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料。
- セメント、急硬材、及び眠剤を含むA材と、硫酸アルミニウムを含む硫酸アルミニウム系硬化促進剤を含むB材とが混合されてなる生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物であって、下記式(1)で表される前記眠剤と前記硫酸アルミニウムとの量論比が0.5~5である生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物。
式(1):量論比=硫酸アルミニウムの物質量(mol)×アルミニウムの数×アルミニウムイオンの価数/(眠剤中の遅延剤の物質量(mol)×眠剤中の遅延剤イオンの価数)
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JPS52110724A (en) * | 1976-03-13 | 1977-09-17 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Method of rapidly hardening cement |
JP2001253753A (ja) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-18 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 急硬性セメントコンクリート及び場所打ちライニング工法 |
JP2007119317A (ja) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | セメントアスファルトモルタル用急硬材及びそれを用いたセメントアスファルトモルタル |
JP2014148446A (ja) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-21 | Univ Of Tokyo | コンクリートの製造方法およびコンクリート |
JP2017110354A (ja) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | 飛島建設株式会社 | セメントモルタル吹付け工法 |
WO2018154890A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-22 | 2018-08-30 | デンカ株式会社 | 生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート用起硬剤、生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料、生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物及びその調製方法 |
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JPS52110724A (en) * | 1976-03-13 | 1977-09-17 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Method of rapidly hardening cement |
JP2001253753A (ja) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-18 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 急硬性セメントコンクリート及び場所打ちライニング工法 |
JP2007119317A (ja) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | セメントアスファルトモルタル用急硬材及びそれを用いたセメントアスファルトモルタル |
JP2014148446A (ja) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-21 | Univ Of Tokyo | コンクリートの製造方法およびコンクリート |
JP2017110354A (ja) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | 飛島建設株式会社 | セメントモルタル吹付け工法 |
WO2018154890A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-22 | 2018-08-30 | デンカ株式会社 | 生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート用起硬剤、生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート材料、生コン出荷型急硬コンクリート組成物及びその調製方法 |
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