WO2022054888A1 - 像再生装置、ホログラム記録装置、およびデジタルホログラフィ装置 - Google Patents
像再生装置、ホログラム記録装置、およびデジタルホログラフィ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022054888A1 WO2022054888A1 PCT/JP2021/033220 JP2021033220W WO2022054888A1 WO 2022054888 A1 WO2022054888 A1 WO 2022054888A1 JP 2021033220 W JP2021033220 W JP 2021033220W WO 2022054888 A1 WO2022054888 A1 WO 2022054888A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
- G03H1/2645—Multiplexing processes, e.g. aperture, shift, or wavefront multiplexing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0443—Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/06—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms using incoherent light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0808—Methods of numerical synthesis, e.g. coherent ray tracing [CRT], diffraction specific
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0866—Digital holographic imaging, i.e. synthesizing holobjects from holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/004—Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
- G11B7/0065—Recording, reproducing or erasing by using optical interference patterns, e.g. holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
- G11B7/135—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0443—Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
- G03H2001/0454—Arrangement for recovering hologram complex amplitude
- G03H2001/0458—Temporal or spatial phase shifting, e.g. parallel phase shifting method
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
- G03H1/2645—Multiplexing processes, e.g. aperture, shift, or wavefront multiplexing
- G03H2001/2655—Time multiplexing, i.e. consecutive records wherein the period between records is pertinent per se
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
- G03H1/2645—Multiplexing processes, e.g. aperture, shift, or wavefront multiplexing
- G03H2001/266—Wavelength multiplexing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2222/00—Light sources or light beam properties
- G03H2222/31—Polarised light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2222/00—Light sources or light beam properties
- G03H2222/32—Unpolarised light
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03H2222/34—Multiple light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03H2223/17—Element having optical power
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
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- G03H2223/20—Birefringent optical element, e.g. wave plate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2225/00—Active addressable light modulator
- G03H2225/10—Shape or geometry
- G03H2225/13—3D SLM
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2225/00—Active addressable light modulator
- G03H2225/30—Modulation
- G03H2225/32—Phase only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2225/00—Active addressable light modulator
- G03H2225/60—Multiple SLMs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2226/00—Electro-optic or electronic components relating to digital holography
- G03H2226/11—Electro-optic recording means, e.g. CCD, pyroelectric sensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image reproduction device, a hologram recording device, and a digital holography device.
- Information on optical characteristics such as light wavelength and polarization can be obtained by identifying molecular composition in an optical microscope including a fluorescence microscope, acquiring various information on cells such as orientation and localization of biopolymers without staining, and the health condition of the living body. It is widely used in various forms as a vital sign of light, estimation of deterioration state of products and materials, types and characteristics of substances and materials, and useful feature quantities in object recognition and identification of the naked eye and robot vision.
- phase modulation instead of light absorption is performed in order to improve optical efficiency and acquire a bright image.
- Patent Document 1 Has been proposed as a multidimensional sensing method including signal processing based on computational coherent multiplexing (see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 for example, as a method for acquiring wavelength information, interference fringes of light of each color of R, G, and B are multiple-recorded by a monochromatic image sensor, and a three-dimensional image is obtained from the obtained multiple hologram by signal processing. Digital holography technology to reproduce is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 in order to reproduce an image containing light in three wavelength bands R, G, and B, six multiple holograms twice the same are prepared, and one of the two light waves forming each interference fringe is prepared. It is assumed that the strength of is obtained independently. On the other hand, by using a specific two-step phase shift interferometry and independently acquiring the intensity of the light wave on one side forming the interference light with respect to the light in the wavelength band (N-1), 2N sheets of light are obtained. A technique capable of acquiring image information of each wavelength band from a multiplex hologram is disclosed (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 2 In the method described in Non-Patent Document 1, it is possible to apply a two-step phase shift interferometry (see Non-Patent Document 2), which does not require measurement of the intensity of one of the two light waves forming the interference light.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 it is premised that the phase modulation amount is given an integral multiple of 2 ⁇ in order to generate a light wave forming an interference fringe for at least one multiple hologram.
- Patent Document 2 a technique for performing spectroscopic signal processing with an arbitrary phase modulation amount has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 3 a method of separating an object light, which is a first-order diffracted light component, and a conjugate image, which is a 0th-order diffracted light intensity distribution and a -1st-order diffracted light component, contained in a recorded hologram by using compressed sensing is described. It is shown. In this method, only the object light can be obtained from the hologram without using the phase shift interferometry.
- multiple multiple holograms divided temporally or spatially are required, and as the number of parameters for information increases, the number of multiple holograms increases. Is required.
- spatially divided into multiple parts the pixels of each multiple hologram become discrete, so that the spatial resolution of the reproduced image is lowered.
- the image is divided into multiple parts in terms of time, that is, if multiple images are taken and a multiple hologram is acquired, the imaging time for one image becomes longer and the time resolution deteriorates.
- the number of parameters increases, and the spatial or temporal resolution further decreases.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 disclose a technique for reproducing an image from 2N multiple holograms, but when recording the multiple holograms, it is necessary to separately record the intensity of the light wave of each parameter. , At least (2N + 1) has the same spatial or temporal resolution as recording. Therefore, there is room for improvement in these technologies.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is an image reproduction device capable of reproducing an image having high spatial and temporal resolution including information on optical characteristics, and a multiple hologram for reproducing the image. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hologram recording device for acquisition and a digital holography device provided with these.
- the image reproduction apparatus captures an image containing light having N ways of parameters or combinations thereof for each of the optical information of any one or more of the wavelength band, the polarization direction, and the measurement region, in phase for each of the parameters.
- a total of 2N types of light waves forming the interference fringes of the N patterns which are recorded by multiplying the interference fringes formed by two different light waves one by one in a total of N patterns and dividing them temporally or spatially.
- the hologram generation unit includes a hologram generation unit that generates a calculated hologram including light waves, and a light wave restoration unit that restores one of the two light waves from the calculation hologram generated by the hologram generation unit.
- the hologram generation unit is the light wave restoration unit. To restore the restored light wave and the light wave in order to generate a computational hologram containing two light waves having parameters different from the restored light wave after the restoration of one or more light waves. It is a configuration using at least one of the computer holograms used.
- Another image reproduction apparatus captures an image containing light having N ways of parameters or combinations thereof for each of the optical information of any one or more of the wavelength band, the polarization direction, and the measurement region for each of the parameters. It is an image reproduction device that reproduces interference fringes formed by two light waves with different phases one by one from 2N multiple holograms that are multiple-recorded in total N patterns and recorded by dividing them temporally or spatially. Of the 2N multiple holograms, at least one of the 2N types of light waves, except for the second N multiple holograms having different phases for at least one of the total 2N types of light waves forming the interference fringes of the N pattern.
- the first light wave restoration unit that restores the light wave of the above and the light wave restored by the first light wave restoration unit, from at least one multiple hologram other than the second N multiple hologram, other than the Nth interference fringe.
- From the second N multiplex hologram using the first hologram generation unit that removes the interference fringes of the (N-1) pattern and generates the first calculation hologram, and the light wave restored by the first light wave restoration unit.
- a second light wave restoration unit that restores one of the two light waves forming the Nth interference fringe by a phase shift method is provided.
- the hologram recording apparatus phase the light wave of an object with N parameters or combinations thereof for each of the optical information of any one or more of the wavelength band, the polarization direction, and the measurement region for each of the parameters.
- the light wave has a configuration in which the plurality of holograms have different phases for at least one of the light waves forming the two or more patterns of interference fringes recorded in each of the multiple holograms.
- the digital holography apparatus is configured to include the above-mentioned hologram recording apparatus and image reproduction apparatus.
- the light utilization efficiency is increased to record the minimum number of holograms, and the space and time are taken from the recorded minimum number of holograms. Images with high resolution can be reproduced.
- the digital holography apparatus 10 includes a hologram recording apparatus including a spatial optical phase modulator (light wave generation means) 1 and an image pickup element 2, and the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a computer 50 having a built-in image reproduction device 6 (see FIG. 3) according to the embodiment is provided.
- the hologram recording device further includes a recording control unit 5 (see FIG. 3) built in the computer 50.
- the computer 50 a commercially available personal computer (PC) or the like can be applied.
- the hologram recording device records the light (light wave) L OBJ from the object (subject) OBJ as N multiple holograms I 1 , I 1 , ..., IN, and the image reproduction device 6 records the multiple holograms.
- a multicolor three - dimensional image of the object OBJ is reproduced from I 1 , I 2 , ..., IN.
- the hologram recording device of the digital holography device 10 constitutes a self-interferometer having an In-line type optical system, and the spatial optical phase modulator 1 in which the light L OBJ is incident from the object OBJ is a light wave La, which has a different phase from each other. Lb is generated, and the interference fringes formed by the light waves La and Lb are imaged by the image pickup element 2 as a hologram.
- the hologram recording device (digital holography device 10) further includes a light source (not shown) that irradiates the object OBJ with light.
- the optical L OBJ is visible light, natural light in a random polarization direction, and does not have to be coherent light. Therefore, as the light source, a general lighting device such as a white LED (light emitting diode), a fluorescent lamp, a halogen lamp, a mercury lamp, or sunlight can be applied. Further, since a phosphor containing autofluorescence or a self-luminous body can be applied as the light source, these can also be used as an object OBJ. Further, by applying a light source in which a single color light source such as an LED of each color of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) is combined, a multiplex hologram capable of reproducing an image having high color reproducibility can be obtained.
- a general lighting device such as a white LED (light emitting diode), a fluorescent lamp, a halogen lamp, a mercury lamp, or sunlight can be applied.
- a phosphor containing autofluorescence or a self-luminous body can be applied as the light source
- the spatial optical phase modulator 1 is formed by two-dimensionally arranging optical phase modulation elements that shift the phase of incident light by a shift amount according to the wavelength, and is a cell (optical phase modulation) for light of the same wavelength. The shift amount differs depending on the element).
- a liquid crystal spatial light modulator is suitable.
- the liquid crystal spatial light modulator performs phase modulation with respect to light in a specific polarization direction. Therefore, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 9, as shown in FIG. 9, a splitter 47a is arranged on the incident side of the light of the spatial optical phase modulator 11A, and the light of the light in one polarization direction (linear polarization) is the spatial optical phase.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 1 is a first spatial optical phase modulator (first spatial optical phase modulator) 11 and a second spatial optical phase modulator (second spatial optical phase).
- Modulation unit 12 transmissive liquid crystal spatial light modulators are stacked and provided.
- a transmissive liquid crystal space optical modulator mounted on a liquid crystal display (LCD) or the like can be applied.
- the first space optical phase modulator 11 and the second space optical phase modulator 12 include an arrangement of the same number of optical phase modulation elements at the same pixel (optical phase modulation element) pitch, but the polarization direction of the phase-modulated light is different. They are orthogonal to each other.
- the polarization direction of the phase-modulated light can be set by the surface shape of the alignment film of the spatial optical phase modulators 11 and 12.
- the optical phase modulation elements 11a and 11b of the first spatial optical phase modulator 11 arranged on the incident side of the optical L OBJ are polarized light in the y direction (90 ° direction).
- the y-polarized light) L 90 is modulated, and the optical phase modulators 12a and 12b of the second spatial optical phase modulator 12 modulate the light (x-polarized light) L 0 polarized in the x-direction (0 ° direction).
- the first and second spatial optical phase modulators 11 and 12 are provided with two types of optical phase modulation elements 11a and 12a having different phase shift amounts and optical phase modulation elements 11b and 12b, respectively.
- the optical phase modulation element 11a and the optical phase modulation element 12a, and the optical phase modulation element 11b and the optical phase modulation element 12b are arranged at the same positions in a plane (incident surface of the optical L OBJ ) view (optical axis direction view), respectively.
- the phase shift amount is set to ⁇ for both the optical phase modulation element 11a and the optical phase modulation element 12a, and ⁇ ′ for both the optical phase modulation element 11b and the optical phase modulation element 12b ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ′).
- the phase shift amount can be controlled by the magnitude of each applied voltage of the optical phase modulation element.
- the image pickup device 2 records a plurality of times in time division in order to obtain one image, and the spatial optical phase modulator 1 switches the phase shift amount of each cell accordingly. .. Therefore, it is preferable that the first and second spatial optical phase modulators 11 and 12 have a high response speed.
- the light L OBJ in the random polarization direction (represented by x-polarized L 0 and y-polarized L 90 in FIG. 2) incident on the spatial optical phase modulator 1 first has a first spatial optical phase.
- the y-polarized L 90 undergoes phase modulation with the optical phase modulation elements 11a and 11b with shift amounts ⁇ and ⁇ ′, respectively. Therefore, the light emitted from the first spatial optical phase modulator 11 is out of phase with the x-polarized L 0 and the y-polarized L 90 .
- the light is incident on the second space optical phase modulator 12, and only the x-polarized light L 0 is phase-modulated by the optical phase modulation elements 12a and 12b with shift amounts ⁇ and ⁇ ', respectively.
- the light emitted from the second spatial optical phase modulator 12 (spatial optical phase modulator 1) has the same phases as the x-polarized L 0 and the y-polarized L 90 , and the optical phase modulator 11a, The amount of phase shift differs between the light transmitted through 12a and the light transmitted through the optical phase modulation elements 11b and 12b, and a phase difference of
- the spatial optical phase modulator 1 can perform phase modulation for each cell arranged in two dimensions without polarization dependence for light in all polarization directions.
- cells 1a formed by stacking optical phase modulation elements 11a and 12a and cells 1b formed by stacking optical phase modulation elements 11b and 12b are randomly arranged.
- 1a is a shift amount ⁇
- cell 1b is a shift amount ⁇ ', and the phases are changed respectively.
- the distance between the first space optical phase modulator 11 and the second space optical phase modulator 12 is ideally 0, and therefore, the first space optical phase modulator 11 and the second space optical phase modulator 12 It is preferable that they are laminated so as to be in close contact with each other, and it is more preferable that the liquid crystal layers, which are the respective phase modulation units, are arranged so as to face each other.
- the light transmitted through the optical phase modulation elements 11a and 12a (cell 1a) of the spatial optical phase modulator 1 forms a light wave La which is a spherical wave, and the light transmitted through the optical phase modulation elements 11b and 12b (cell 1b) is also the same.
- a light wave Lb which is a spherical wave, is formed.
- the light wave La and the light wave Lb are shown by shifting the traveling direction in order to make it easier to distinguish, but the direction and shape are not limited to this.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 1 gives the phase distribution of the spherical wave without folding back to the cell 1a or the cell 1b, which is a region for generating one of the two light waves.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 1 has the function of a lens, and since the light wave of an unnecessary order is not generated, the light utilization efficiency is higher than that when a diffractive lens is used. Obtainable. Further, it is preferable that the spatial optical phase modulator 1 is arranged so that the number of cells 1a and the number of cells 1b are the same or closer to each other. As a result, the light wave La and the light wave Lb have the same intensity (intensity ratio of 1) or closer to each other.
- the light emitted from the spatial optical phase modulator 1 is two for each wavelength band.
- a total of six light waves, two for each wavelength band of each of R, G, and B, are emitted from the spatial optical phase modulator 1.
- the number of wavelength bands can be arbitrarily set, may be 2, or may be subdivided into 4 or more.
- FIG. 2 shows light L 0 and L 90 having one wavelength
- FIG. 1 shows two light waves La and Lb having the same wavelength (wavelength band).
- the two light waves refer to two light waves having the same parameter (here, wavelength band) and different phases.
- the image sensor 2 converts the incident light into an electric signal for each pixel arranged two-dimensionally and outputs the signal.
- the image sensor 2 captures the light of each wavelength band of R, G, and B contained in the L OBJ from the object OBJ without distinction, so that the image sensor 2 has a single color (monochrome) having sensitivity to all of these lights.
- Image sensor is applied.
- the image pickup device 2 is a Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor or a charge-coupled device having a photodiode in the pixel having a photodiode having a wide spectral sensitivity including a visible region.
- CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- the image sensor 2 can apply an array of commercially available photodetectors such as an electron multiplier tube. Further, it is preferable that the number of pixels of the image pickup element 2 is equal to or larger than the number of pixels (cells) of the spatial optical phase modulator 1 (first and second spatial optical phase modulators 11 and 12). Further, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the image pickup device 2 has a high response speed as in the first and second spatial optical phase modulators 11 and 12.
- the recording control unit 5 includes a spatial optical phase modulator control unit 51 that drives and controls the spatial optical phase modulator 1 (first and second spatial optical phase modulators 11 and 12), and an image pickup element.
- An image pickup element control unit 52 that drives and controls 2 is provided.
- Such a recording control unit 5 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes a calculation, a flash memory or a RAM (Random Access Memory) that stores a program or the like for the calculation, and the like, and is built in the computer 50. ..
- the image reproduction device 6 displays an image containing light having N different parameters or combinations for each of the optical information of any one or more of the wavelength band, the polarization direction, and the measurement region, and two light waves having different phases for each parameter.
- the interference fringes formed in the above are recorded one by one in a total of N patterns, and are recorded by being divided temporally or spatially. It is reproduced from multiple holograms having N or more and 2N or less in different phases.
- the image reproduction device 6 includes a multiplex hologram acquisition unit 61, a parameter selection unit 63, a hologram generation unit 64, and a light wave restoration unit 65.
- the image reproduction device 6 further includes a storage unit 62, an amplitude / phase calculation unit 68, and an image reproduction unit 69.
- These elements of the image reproduction device 6 include a CPU, a flash memory, and the like like the recording control unit 5 of the hologram recording device, and since there is transmission / reception of signals to and from the recording control unit 5, the computer 50 together with the recording control unit 5 Built into.
- the multiplex hologram acquisition unit 61 acquires multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ... Recorded by the image pickup device 2 from the image pickup element control unit 52 of the hologram recording device.
- the multiple hologram acquisition unit 61 writes the acquired multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ... In the storage unit 62, and notifies the parameter selection unit 63 of the end of writing.
- the storage unit 62 stores the multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., And is composed of a general storage medium such as a semiconductor memory.
- the parameter selection unit 63 sequentially selects parameters.
- the parameter selection unit 63 outputs the selected parameter to the hologram generation unit 64.
- the parameter selection unit 63 sequentially selects parameters until the number of selected parameters becomes N, and outputs the parameters to the hologram generation unit 64.
- the hologram generation unit 64 generates a hologram (calculated hologram) including two light waves having the parameters selected by the parameter selection unit 63 from the multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ... Stored in the storage unit 62. be.
- the hologram generation unit 64 outputs the generated hologram to the light wave restoration unit 65.
- the hologram generation unit 64 generates holograms (calculated holograms) for the number of parameters selected by the parameter selection unit 63.
- the light wave restoration unit 65 restores one of the two light waves from the hologram (calculated hologram) generated by the hologram generation unit 64.
- the light wave restoration unit 65 restores light waves by the number of parameters selected by the parameter selection unit 63.
- the light wave restoration unit 65 outputs the restored light wave to the amplitude / phase calculation unit 68.
- the amplitude / phase calculation unit 68 calculates the amplitude and phase of each light wave restored by the light wave restoration unit 65 at an arbitrary depth.
- the amplitude / phase calculation unit 68 outputs the amplitude and phase at the calculated arbitrary depth to the image reproduction unit 69.
- the image reproduction unit 69 reproduces a three-dimensional image from the amplitude and phase at an arbitrary depth calculated by the amplitude / phase calculation unit 68.
- hologram recording method A hologram recording method using the hologram recording device of the digital holography device 10 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the light L OBJ from the object OBJ passes through the spatial optical phase modulator 1 and becomes two light waves for each of the wavelength bands R, G, and B, and is incident on the image pickup element 2.
- These six light waves form interference fringes with two light waves of the same wavelength band on the image pickup surface of the image pickup device 2, that is, three patterns of interference fringes of each color of R, G, and B overlap each other.
- the image pickup device 2 collectively images the interference fringes of these three patterns and records them as the multiple hologram I.
- the multiple hologram I is appropriately expressed as a multiple hologram I (x, y) (x, y are planar coordinates).
- the image sensor 2 continues to take images a predetermined number of times. As a result, a total of 3 to 6 multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ... Are recorded.
- the optical phase modulation elements 11a, 12a (cell 1a) and the optical phase modulation element of the spatial optical phase modulator 1 are adjusted to the timing of each imaging.
- the phase shift amounts ⁇ and ⁇ 'by at least one of 11b and 12b (cell 1b) are changed to change the phase difference between the two light waves.
- the multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ... are different from each other.
- the number of multiple holograms required for image reproduction differs depending on the image reproduction method as described later. Further, in order to simplify the calculation in image reproduction, it is preferable that the two light waves forming each interference fringe of the multiple hologram I have an intensity ratio of 1 or closer as described above.
- the phase shift amount ⁇ 'by the cell 1b is set to be constant, and the light wave by the cell 1b is set to be a spherical wave without folding back as described above, and the phase shift amount ⁇ by the cell 1a is changed.
- each time ⁇ is stored for each parameter (wavelength band), and the phase shift amount ⁇ 'in the light of at least one wavelength band (Nth parameter) is stored.
- the phase shift amounts ⁇ , ⁇ ′ and the phase difference of the two light waves by the cells 1a or 1b at the time of each imaging were used by using the multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ....
- each parameter is controlled to a value that can be only a hologram by a single parameter light wave, or a value that can be only a hologram by a single parameter light wave and a 0th-order diffracted light intensity distribution. Details will be described later in the image reproduction method. Further, the Nth (third) parameter is set to the red wavelength band.
- the value of each phase shift amount is stored in the storage unit of the spatial optical phase modulator control unit 51 (computer 50).
- the multiplex hologram acquisition unit 61 acquires N multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., IN recorded by the image pickup device 2 from the image pickup element control unit 52 of the hologram recording device (multiple hologram acquisition step S1). ).
- the parameter selection unit 63 selects the Nth parameter from the N parameters (parameter selection step S21).
- the hologram generation unit 64 generates a hologram (calculated hologram) including two light waves having the selected Nth parameter from the multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., IN (hologram generation step S22), and generates the hologram.
- the light wave restoration unit 65 restores one of the two light waves from the hologram (light wave restoration step S23). Steps S21 to S23 are repeated until all the parameters are selected (S24: NO). In the second parameter selection step S21, the parameter of the (N-1) th is selected, and the light wave having the parameter of the (N-1) th is restored by steps S22 and S23.
- the amplitude / phase calculation unit 68 calculates the amplitude and phase at an arbitrary depth for each restored light wave (amplitude).
- the image reproduction unit 69 reproduces a three-dimensional image (image reproduction step).
- a hologram obtained by using a self-interferometer or an interferometer that images a phase object can be represented by the following equation (1).
- I (x, y) in the formula (1) is an arbitrary hologram in which one pattern of interference fringes is recorded.
- a (x, y) is the amplitude distribution on the recording (imaging) plane of the light wave
- ⁇ (x, y) is the phase difference distribution of the two light waves
- M is the intensity ratio (1: M) of the two light waves.
- the jth multiple hologram I j (multiple holograms I j) in which N-pattern interference fringes are multiple-recorded, which are recorded by the hologram recording device constituting the self-interferometer according to the present embodiment and the two-luminous flux interferometer for measuring a phase object.
- x, y can be expressed by the following equation (2).
- a i and Mi i are amplitude and intensity ratios of the third parameter (wavelength band) in light.
- ⁇ i is the phase difference between the two light waves of the i-th parameter in the first multiplex hologram I 1 (x, y).
- ⁇ ij is the relative phase shift amount between one and the other of the two light waves of the i-th parameter in the j-th multiple hologram I j (x, y).
- Non-Patent Document 3 it is known that the amplitude distribution of the light wave on the recording surface and the phase difference distribution of the two light waves can be extracted from the hologram in which one pattern of interference fringes is recorded. Specifically, only A (x, y) and ⁇ (x, y) in the third term on the right side of the equation (1) are extracted. This makes it possible to selectively extract light waves of each wavelength band from three multiple holograms (I 1 , I 2 , I 3 ) in which interference fringes of three wavelength bands are multiple-recorded.
- the phase shift amount ⁇ ij in each is set as follows.
- ⁇ ij 2 (j-1) ⁇ / 2 i-1
- an integral multiple of 2 ⁇ preferably ⁇ ij .
- phase shift amounts ⁇ 13 and ⁇ 23 of the light in the blue and green wavelength bands in the third multiplex hologram I 3 are integer multiples of 2 ⁇ , while the phase shift amount ⁇ 33 of the light in the red wavelength band. Is a value other than an integral multiple of 2 ⁇ .
- Each of such multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , and I 3 can be expressed as the following equations (3) to (5).
- I 0th (x, y) is the sum of the 0th-order diffracted light intensity distributions for each parameter.
- a 3 (x, y) and ⁇ 3 (x, y) can be extracted from the extracted hologram of the formula (6) by the compressed sensing algorithm (see Non-Patent Document 3) as described above (see Non-Patent Document 3).
- a 3 (x, y), cos ⁇ 3 (x, y), sin ⁇ 3 (x, y) ( )
- the interference fringe of the green light wave which is the second parameter, is obtained from the following equation (7). Only the hologram is extracted (hologram generation step S22). Then, A 2 (x, y) and ⁇ 2 (x, y) are similarly extracted from the extracted hologram (light wave restoration step S23).
- hologram generation step S22 a hologram containing only the interference fringes of the blue light wave is extracted.
- a 1 (x, y) and ⁇ 1 (x, y) are extracted from the extracted hologram (light wave restoration step S23).
- the amplitude distribution and phase distribution at an arbitrary depth are calculated from the light wave on the image pickup surface of the image pickup device 2 (amplitude / phase calculation step S3).
- a known diffraction integral calculation algorithm, an image reproduction algorithm using compression sensing, and an image reproduction algorithm using machine learning such as deep learning can be applied.
- a two-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image at the depth can be reproduced from the amplitude distribution and the phase distribution of the light wave of each wavelength band obtained for each depth (image reproduction step S4).
- an image can be reproduced from N multiple holograms having the same number of parameters as N.
- N the number of parameters
- N 3
- each of the six multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4 , I 5 , and I 6 is the second on the right side as shown in the following equations (8) to (13).
- the coefficient of ⁇ i (x, y) in the term is -3, -2, -1, + 1, + 2, + 3.
- the following equation (14) is obtained from the equations (8) and (13), the following equation (15) is obtained from the equations (9) and (12), and the following equations are obtained from the equations (10) and (11). (16) is obtained. Since A 3 (x, y) 2 sin ⁇ 3 (x, y) can be extracted from the three simultaneous equations of equations (14), (15), and (16) (hologram generation step S22). , The red light wave can be restored in the same manner as in the above embodiment (light wave restoration step S23). Next, by subtracting in the same manner as the first time, A 2 (x, y) 2 sin ⁇ 2 (x, y) can be extracted (hologram generation step S22), and the green light wave can be restored. (Light wave restoration step S23). Further, after that, the blue light wave can be restored as in the above embodiment.
- an image is reproduced by generating a light wave forming each interference fringe with an arbitrary phase shift amount for 2N multiple holograms having twice the number of parameters N. be able to.
- the phase shift amount of the light wave of some parameters can be reduced to (2N-1) or less.
- an image containing light having a parameter number N can be reproduced from 2N or less, a minimum of N multiple holograms.
- the image reproduction method according to the present embodiment and its modification can be applied to a multiplex hologram recorded by an arbitrary interferometer such as a two-luminous flux interferometer.
- an arbitrary interferometer such as a two-luminous flux interferometer.
- the calculation time is required in proportion to the number of parameters N. Therefore, by acquiring 2N multiple holograms, the image can be reproduced at high speed.
- the image reproduction device 6A captures an image containing light having N different parameters or combinations for each of the optical information of any one or more of the wavelength band, the polarization direction, and the measurement region. , Interference fringes formed by two light waves with different phases for each parameter are repeatedly recorded one by one in a total of N patterns and reproduced from 2N multiple holograms recorded by dividing them temporally or spatially. be. As shown in FIG.
- the image reproduction device 6A includes a multiple hologram acquisition unit 61, a first light wave restoration unit 66a, a first hologram generation unit 67a, a second hologram generation unit 67b, and a second light wave restoration unit 66b.
- the image reproduction device 6A further includes a storage unit 62, an amplitude / phase calculation unit 68, and an image reproduction unit 69. Similar to the image reproduction device 6 according to the first embodiment, these elements include a CPU, a flash memory, and the like built in the computer 50.
- the first light wave restoration unit 66a stores the (N-1) light wave having the first to (N-1) parameters in the storage unit 62 as multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., I 2N . It is generated from -1 .
- the first light wave restoration unit 66a outputs the restored light wave to the first hologram generation unit 67a, the second hologram generation unit 67b, and the amplitude / phase calculation unit 68.
- the first hologram generation unit 67a uses the light wave restored by the first hologram generation unit 67a to at least one of the multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., I 2N-1 stored in the storage unit 62. Therefore, a hologram containing two light waves having the Nth parameter (first calculated hologram) is generated.
- the first hologram generation unit 67a outputs the generated hologram to the second light wave restoration unit 66b.
- the second hologram generation unit 67b uses the light wave restored by the first hologram generation unit 67a to form a hologram containing two light waves having the Nth parameter from the multiple hologram I 2N stored in the storage unit 62 (second hologram generation unit 67b). It produces a computational hologram).
- the second hologram generation unit 67b outputs the generated hologram to the second light wave restoration unit 66b.
- the second light wave restoration unit 66b restores one of the two light waves from the hologram generated by the first hologram generation unit 67a and the second hologram generation unit 67b.
- the second light wave restoration unit 66b outputs the restored light wave to the amplitude / phase calculation unit 68.
- the specific operation of the image reproduction device 6A will be described in detail in the image reproduction method described later.
- the hologram recording device of the digital holography device 10 provided with such an image reproduction device 6A records 2N multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., I 2N .
- the phase shift amount ⁇ N 2N is set to a value other than an integral multiple of ⁇ .
- each be an arbitrary phase shift amount ⁇ ij .
- the multiple hologram acquisition unit 61 acquires 2N multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., I 2N recorded by the image sensor 2 from the image sensor control unit 52 of the hologram recording device (multiple hologram acquisition step S1A).
- the first light wave restoration unit 66a has the parameters of the first to the first (N-1) from the (2N-1) multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., I 2N-1 , respectively (N-1).
- the first hologram generation unit 67a was formed from the multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., I 2N-1 with two light waves having the Nth parameter.
- a hologram (first calculated hologram) is generated (first hologram generation step S26), and a second hologram generation unit 67b is formed from the multiplex hologram I 2N by two light waves having the Nth parameter (second calculated hologram). ) (Second hologram generation step S27).
- the second light wave restoration unit 66b restores one light wave having the Nth parameter from the two generated holograms (second light wave restoration step S28).
- the amplitude / phase calculation unit 68 calculates the amplitude and phase at an arbitrary depth for each light wave (amplitude / phase calculation step S3), and the image reproduction unit 69 performs a three-dimensional image. (Image playback step).
- amplitude / phase calculation step S3 calculates the amplitude and phase at an arbitrary depth for each light wave
- image reproduction unit 69 performs a three-dimensional image.
- multiple holograms I 1 , I 2 , ..., I 5 to Nth parameters other than the light waves in the blue wavelength band, that is, the light waves in the green wavelength band and the red wavelength band are restored by a known method. (1st light wave restoration step S25). An example will be described below.
- the first parameter that is, the real part A 1 (x, y) cos ⁇ 1 (x, y) and the imaginary part A 1 (x, y) sin ⁇ 1 (x, y) of the red light wave is obtained, and the red color is obtained.
- the first parameter that is, the real part A 1 (x, y) cos ⁇ 1 (x, y) and the imaginary part A 1 (x, y) sin ⁇ 1 (x, y) of the red light wave is obtained, and the red color is obtained.
- the multiple hologram I j (x, y) (j 1, 2, ..., 2N-1) represented by the following equation (2)
- the term including A i (x, y) and cos ⁇ i (x, y) for these light waves is removed from any one of them, and only the interference fringes of the blue light wave represented by the following equation (26) are obtained.
- Hologram I'1 (x, y) is generated (first hologram generation step S26).
- the hologram I ' 2 of only the interference fringes of the blue light wave represented by the following equation (27) is similarly used by using the restored red wavelength band and the green wavelength band.
- (X, y) is generated (second hologram generation step S27). Either the first hologram generation step S26 or the second hologram generation step S27 may be executed first, or may be executed in parallel.
- the formula (39) is used as a check formula for discriminating A 3 (x, y) 2 to be adopted.
- a 3 (x, y) 2 such that the left side of the equation (39) is close to 1, the 0th-order diffracted light intensity distribution can be obtained, and I'1 (x, y), I'2 .
- the intensity distribution of the 0th-order diffracted light is subtracted from (x, y).
- information on AN (x, y) and ⁇ N ( x, y) of the light wave of the Nth parameter can be obtained.
- a 3 (x, y) and ⁇ 3 (x, y) of the light wave in the blue wavelength band can be extracted (second light wave restoration step S28).
- an image containing light having a parameter number N can be reproduced from 2N multiple holograms, and the multiple holograms can be reproduced.
- the light wave of each parameter at the time of recording can be set to an arbitrary phase shift amount, and since the iterative calculation seen in the compression sensing algorithm for each parameter is not required, the calculation time is shortened and the image is accelerated. Can be played. Further, since it can be applied even when the intensity ratio is 1 (1: 1) or close to it, clear interference fringes can be recorded. Then, since AN (x, y ) 2 is obtained for each pixel without approximation, it can be solved even under the condition that AN (x, y ) 2 is spatially distributed.
- the plurality of multiple holograms used in the image reproduction method by the image reproduction devices 6 and 6A according to the embodiment can be spatially divided and recorded.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 1 in order to acquire six multiplex holograms for reproducing an image containing light in three wavelength bands, the spatial optical phase modulator 1 simultaneously provides six phase modulation patterns. Therefore, the spatial optical phase modulator 1 includes six sets of cells 1a and 1b having different phase shift amounts ⁇ and ⁇ 'for each multiple hologram. In other words, the spatial optical phase modulator 1 includes 12 types of cells having different phase shift amounts arranged in a mosaic pattern. Six patterns of interference fringes are formed by the light waves generated by the spatial optical phase modulator 1. Then, the image sensor 2 records these interference fringes as one multiple hologram in one multiple recording. The image reproduction devices 6 and 6A extract one pixel from each of the set of six pixels of the image pickup device 2 from the multiple holograms, and prepare six multiple holograms.
- the digital holographic apparatus 10A is composed of a first spatial optical phase modulator 11A and a second spatial optical phase modulator 12A instead of the spatial optical phase modulator 1.
- a spatial optical phase modulator 1A (light wave generation means) is provided, and a 4f optical system 41 arranged between the first spatial optical phase modulator 11A and the second spatial optical phase modulator 12A is provided.
- a 4f optical system 41 arranged between the first spatial optical phase modulator 11A and the second spatial optical phase modulator 12A is provided.
- it can have the same configuration as the digital holography apparatus 10 according to the embodiment.
- the first spatial optical phase modulator 11A and the second spatial optical phase modulator 12A are reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulators such as LCOS (Liquid Crystal On Silicon) -SLM.
- the first space optical phase modulator 11A reflects the light L OBJ incident from the object OBJ as light L 0 and L 90 , passes through the 4f optical system 41, and passes through the second space optical phase modulator.
- the second spatial optical phase modulator 12A is arranged so as to be incident on the 12A, and the light L 0 and L 90 incident on the first spatial optical phase modulator 11A are reflected and incident on the image pickup element 2.
- the first space optical phase modulator 11A and the second space optical phase modulator 12A are the first space optical phase modulator 11 and the first spatial optical phase modulator 11 of the digital holographic apparatus 10 according to the embodiment, respectively, except for the difference between the reflection type and the transmission type, respectively. It has the same configuration as the two-spatial optical phase modulator 12. Therefore, the first space optical phase modulator 11A includes optical phase modulation elements 11a and 11b, and the second space optical phase modulator 12A includes optical phase modulation elements 12a and 12b arranged in the same number at the same pitch for optical phase modulation.
- the polarization directions of the light phase-modulated by the elements 11a and 11b and the optical phase modulation elements 12a and 12b are orthogonal to each other (see FIG. 2).
- the optical phase modulation element 11a and the optical phase modulation element 12a, and the optical phase modulation element 11b and the optical phase modulation element 12b have the same phase shift amount and are arranged at the same position in the optical axis direction.
- the light incident on a certain point on the incident surface of the 4f optical system 41 is emitted from a point rotated by 180 ° with the optical axis of the 4f optical system 41 as the origin on the emitting surface.
- the second space optical phase modulator 12A arranges the optical phase modulation elements 12a and 12b in accordance with the arrangement of the optical phase modulation elements 11a and 11b of the first space optical phase modulator 11A.
- the optical phase modulation elements 11a and 11b of the first spatial optical phase modulator 11A phase-modulate the light L 0 in the polarization direction in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 7, and the light L 90 in the polarization direction orthogonal to the phase modulation.
- the optical phase modulation elements 12a and 12b of the two-spatial optical phase modulator 12A perform phase modulation. Therefore, when the light L OBJ from the object OBJ is incident on the first space optical phase modulator 11A and reflected, the light L 90 is not modulated, while the light L 0 is 6 for each wavelength band. Form a light wave.
- the six light waves L 0 are not modulated, and the light L 90 is 6 for each wavelength band.
- the light L 90 is 6 for each wavelength band.
- the optical phase modulation element 11a and the optical phase modulation element 12a collectively referred to as cell 1a
- the optical phase modulation element 11b and the optical phase modulation element 12b have different phase shift amounts.
- the first and second space optical phase modulators 11A and 12A are The phases of the sequentially reflected lights L 0 and L 90 are aligned for each of the cells 1a and 1b.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 1A like the spatial optical phase modulator 1 of the above-described embodiment, has no polarization dependence on light in all polarization directions, and has a phase for each cell arranged two-dimensionally. Can be modulated.
- the hologram recording device of the digital holography device 10A can record multiple holograms in the same manner as the digital holography device 10 according to the embodiment. Further, since the spatial optical phase modulator 1A (first and second spatial optical phase modulators 11A and 12A) is composed of LCOS-SLM, high-definition and high-speed response is obtained, and the multiple hologram is divided into either temporal or spatial. Even if it is recorded, the deterioration of the resolution of the reproduced image can be suppressed.
- the digital holography devices 10 and 10A can arbitrarily set the number of wavelength bands.
- a color filter array in which color filters of different colors are arranged in a mosaic pattern is provided on the incident surface side of the light of the image pickup element 2, and the wavelength band of the light transmitted through each color filter can be further subdivided.
- the spatial optical phase modulators 1 and 1A may be any medium as long as they have wavelength dependence and generate different radii of curvature on the wavefront for each cell 1a and 1b.
- Such spatial optical phase modulators 1 and 1A are not limited to liquid crystal spatial optical modulators, and holographic optical elements and diffractive optical elements having no double refraction, that is, no polarization dependence, are applied to optical phase modulation elements. You may.
- the digital holography devices 10 and 10A record multiple holograms for reproducing an image including the polarization direction as information by applying the liquid crystal spatial light modulator to the spatial optical phase modulator.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 1 (1A) includes the optical phase modulation element 11a, the optical phase modulation element 12a, and the optical phase modulation in the first and second spatial optical phase modulators 11 (11A) and 12 (12A).
- the element 11b and the optical phase modulation element 12b have different phase modulation amounts.
- the x-polarized L 0 and the y-polarized L 90 are formed into two independent light waves, and the image sensor 2 forms different patterns of interference fringes and multiplexes are recorded as a multiple hologram.
- the 4f optical system 41 between the first spatial optical phase modulator 11A and the second spatial optical phase modulator 12A may not be provided.
- the polarization direction is not limited to two directions, and can be subdivided into three or more depending on the configuration of the spatial optical phase modulator 1 (1A).
- Such a multiplex hologram contains information on the wavelength band as well as the polarization direction as in the above embodiment.
- the wavelength band has three parameters of R, G, and B
- the digital holography devices 10 and 10A can be divided into a plurality of parameters by dividing the field of view of the object (subject) OBJ as information. Therefore, the hologram recording device of the digital holography devices 10 and 10A may be a system in which a different phase modulation pattern is given to each divided field of view of the object OBJ and multiple recording is performed by the image pickup device 2. Specifically, the hologram recording device includes the same number of spatial optical phase modulators 1 (1A) as the divided visual fields, and the optical LOBJ emitted from each visual field is introduced into different spatial optical phase modulators 1.
- the hologram recording device may be provided with one spatial optical phase modulator 1 (1A), which may be partitioned according to the division of the visual field, and a different phase modulation pattern may be given to each partitioned region.
- the digital holography devices 10 and 10A include information for each wavelength band as described above by providing a spatial optical phase modulator having a wavelength dependence such as a liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
- the image can be played back.
- a three-dimensional image for each of a plurality of times (time) from the multiple hologram captured at one time is reproduced as a moving image exceeding the response time (time resolution) of the image pickup element 2.
- time resolution response time
- the digital holography apparatus 10B includes a multi-wavelength light source 3, a wavelength dispersion element 42, polarization beam splitters (PBS) 43a, 43b, mirrors 44a, 44b, and an optical phase. It includes a modulation element array 1B, a splitter 47a, an image pickup element 2, and a computer 50.
- the multi-wavelength light source 3 and the wavelength dispersion element 42 are optical systems that emit pulsed light having different timings for each wavelength. In order to convert each wavelength component into time information, an optical comb light source or a wide wavelength pulse light source is applied to the multi-wavelength light source 3.
- the wavelength dispersion element 42 is an optical element such as a prism having a wavelength dependence on the refractive index, a diffraction grating, or a combination thereof.
- the polarizing element 47a and the optical phase modulation element array 1B are laminated on the image pickup surface of the image pickup device 2.
- the optical phase modulation element array 1B includes optical phase modulation elements having polarization dependence and wavelength dependence, similarly to the first and second spatial optical phase modulators 11 and 12 of the spatial optical phase modulator 1 shown in FIG. Although it is arranged in two dimensions, the phase shift amount of each optical phase modulation element does not have to be variable.
- optical phase modulation element array 1B birefringence optical elements made of a photonic crystal, a liquid crystal material, a metamaterial, a minute wave plate, or the like are two-dimensionally arranged (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Directional polarization here lateral polarization in FIG. 8, is phase-modulated according to wavelength.
- the optical phase modulation element array 1B is provided with a phase modulation pattern corresponding to the number of multiple holograms to be recorded. (Optical phase modulation element) is arranged and provided.
- the splitter 47a is arranged on a transmission axis inclined by 45 ° with respect to each of the p-polarization and the s-polarization orthogonal to each other, which are demultiplexed by the polarization beam splitter 43a.
- the pulsed light emitted from the multi-wavelength light source 3 becomes light L having a different timing of the pulsed light for each wavelength via the wavelength dispersion element 42.
- This light L is split into p-polarized light that is transmitted and travels straight and s-polarized light that is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter 43a.
- the s-polarization in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 8 irradiates the object (subject) OBJ as the object light L OBJ .
- the timing of illuminating the object OBJ differs depending on the wavelength of the object light L OBJ .
- the p-polarized light transmitted through the polarizing beam splitter 43a travels in an optical path different from that of the object light L OBJ as the reference light L Ref .
- the object light L OBJ and the reference light L Ref are combined by the polarization beam splitter 43b and incident on the optical phase modulation element array 1B.
- the optical phase modulation element array 1B modulates the reference light L Ref , which is the lateral polarization of FIG.
- the light L OBJ and L Ref having the same polarization direction by the polarizing element 47a form interference fringes for each wavelength and are recorded as a multiple hologram by the image pickup device 2.
- the digital holography apparatus 10B extracts one pixel from a set of a predetermined number of pixels of the image pickup device 2 as described above from one multiplex hologram recorded by one image pickup by the image pickup device 2. To obtain a predetermined number of multiple holograms. From these multiple holograms, light waves for each wavelength are restored by the image reproduction method according to the first or second embodiment. Since the reproduced image of each wavelength contains three-dimensional information of the object OBJ at different times, a three-dimensional moving image can be obtained by one exposure (measurement). By applying the image reproduction device according to this modification, the spatial density of the optical phase modulation element array 1B can be increased, and a high-quality image can be reproduced.
- the image reproduction device by applying the image reproduction device, more wavelength (time) information can be recorded at the same spatial density as compared with the case of designing the optical phase modulation element array 1B with the conventional image reproduction device.
- the time for image recording can be extended.
- the object OBJ is represented in FIG. 8 so as to transmit light, it may reflect light.
- the wavelength dispersion element 42 may be arranged on the optical path between the polarizing beam splitter 43a and the object OBJ, and on the optical path between the polarizing beam splitters 43a and 43b, respectively.
- the digital holography apparatus 10B according to the present modification may include a first spatial optical phase modulator 11 of the spatial optical phase modulator 1 instead of the optical phase modulator array 1B.
- the hologram recording method and the image reproduction method using the digital holography devices 10 and 10A according to the embodiment of the present invention and the modification thereof are holograms of a known optical microscope. It can also be applied to a recording device and executed. As an example, an embodiment in which a fluorescence microscope is applied will be described with reference to FIG.
- the digital holography apparatus 10C shown in FIG. 9 includes an excitation light source 3A, a dichroic mirror 45, magnifying optical systems (lenses) 41a and 41b, an eyepiece lens 41c, an excitation light shading element 46, a mirror 44, and a polarizing element 47a.
- a multiple hologram capable of reproducing an image of a fluorescent sample as an object OBJ can be recorded, and the image can be reproduced from the multiple hologram.
- the excitation light source 3A irradiates light (excitation light) that simultaneously excites a plurality of phosphors having different emission colors.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 11A is the first spatial optical phase modulator 11A of the spatial optical phase modulator 1A shown in FIG. 7, and has a wavelength of one-way polarization, here, polarization in the 0 ° direction or 90 ° direction described later. Phase modulation according to.
- the dichroic mirror 45 reflects the excitation light emitted from the excitation light source 3A and transmits the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescence sample OBJ.
- the excitation light shading element 46 shields the excitation light and transmits fluorescence.
- the dichroic mirror 45 and the excitation light shading element 46 are optical elements provided for separating the excitation light and the fluorescence, and both do not transmit the excitation light and transmit the fluorescence. Therefore, it is preferable that the dichroic mirror 45 and the excitation light shading element 46 are set to the transmission wavelength region in the entire fluorescence wavelength spectrum in order to avoid dimming of fluorescence. Specifically, for example, a long-pass filter that transmits light having a wavelength of 510 nm or more can be set for fluorescence that emits light having a wavelength of 510 to 700 nm.
- the transducers 47a and 47b are arranged with their transmission axes oriented in the 45 ° or 135 ° direction, respectively.
- the excitation light emitted from the excitation light source 3A is reflected by the dichroic mirror 45 and passes through the eyepiece 41c side with respect to the magnifying optical system 41a, so that the fluorescent sample OBJ is illuminated with the diameter of the luminous flux reduced.
- the fluorescence sample OBJ emits fluorescence having a plurality of different wavelength spectra. This fluorescence is sequentially transmitted through the eyepiece 41c, the magnifying optical system 41a, the dichroic mirror 45, and the excitation light shading element 46, and is reflected by the mirror 44.
- a part of the excitation light passes through the eyepiece 41c from the side of the fluorescent sample OBJ together with the fluorescence, but is separated from the fluorescence by the dichroic mirror 45 and the excitation light shading element 46.
- the fluorescence reflected by the mirror 44 is transmitted by the polarizing element 47a to linearly polarized light in the 45 ° direction.
- the phase difference of each component of the polarization in the 0 ° direction and the polarization in the 90 ° direction is adjusted by the birefringent material 48a in order to increase the visibility of the interference fringes finally obtained. Then, it passes through the lens 41b and is incident on the reflection type spatial optical phase modulator 11A.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 11A gives a phase modulation amount according to the wavelength to the polarized component in the 0 ° direction or the 90 ° direction.
- the light emitted from the spatial optical phase modulator 11A is subjected to different wave surface modulations for each component of the polarization in the 0 ° direction and the polarization in the 90 ° direction by the birefringent material 48b.
- the phase distribution of spherical waves having different radii of curvature is given according to the polarization direction.
- a light wave polarized in the 0 ° direction and a light wave polarized in the 90 ° direction having different radii of curvature are generated.
- the birefringence material 48c adjusts the optical path length difference between the polarization in the 0 ° direction and the polarization in the 90 ° direction and the difference in the radius of curvature of the two light waves in order to increase the visibility of the finally obtained interference fringes. .. Then, the polarization directions of the two light waves are aligned by the polarizing element 47b in the transmission axis 45 ° direction, and interference fringes for each wavelength are generated. The image sensor 2 records these interference fringes as a multiple hologram.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 11A imparts a phase modulation amount different from the others to the light wave in at least one wavelength band, and the image pickup element 2 multiplexes while changing the phase modulation amount. Record multiple holograms.
- the hologram recording method and the image reproduction method according to the present invention By applying the hologram recording method and the image reproduction method according to the present invention to a fluorescence microscope, multiple holograms required for image reproduction can be obtained with a small amount of light and a small number of measurements, so that measurement can be performed with weak light and at high speed. Therefore, the damage can be reduced especially when the subject is a living body. Further, when an image pickup element having an optical phase modulation element array and a polarizing element is applied, the spatial density of the optical phase modulation element array can be increased, so that a higher image quality image can be obtained.
- the optical phase modulation element array 1B laminated together with the polarizing element 47b on the imaging surface of the imaging element 2 instead of the spatial optical phase modulator 11A. Can also be applied (see FIG. 8). Since the spatial density of the optical phase modulation element array 1B can be increased, a high-quality image can be reproduced.
- the digital holography apparatus 10D shown in FIG. 10 includes an incoherent light source 3B such as an LED, a collimator (lens) 41d, a spatial optical phase modulator 11, modulators 47a, 47b, 47c, a birefringent material 48d, and a sample. It includes a glass cell 49 for accommodating (object OBJ), an image pickup element 2, and a computer 50.
- the glass cell 49 and the spatial optical phase modulator 11 are arranged side by side on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, and a polarizing element 47a is directly below the glass cell 49, and a polarizing element 47b is directly below the spatial optical phase modulator 11. However, they are arranged and lined up. Then, the birefringent material 48d is arranged under the polarizing elements 47a and 47b arranged side by side. Further, the polarizing element 47c is arranged directly under the glass cell 49 and the polarizing element 47a under the birefringent material 48d, and the image pickup device 2 is arranged under the polarizing element 47c.
- the spatial optical phase modulator 11 is the first spatial optical phase modulator 11 of the spatial optical phase modulator 1 shown in FIG. 2, and is unidirectionally polarized light, in which the polarizing element 47b is polarized in the transmission axis direction (in FIG. 10). Lateral polarization) is phase-modulated according to the wavelength.
- the transmission axes of the splitter 47a and the splitter 47b are orthogonal to each other, and the transmission axis of the splitter 47c is tilted by 45 ° with respect to the splitters 47a and 47b.
- the arrangement of the spatial optical phase modulator 11 and the splitter 47b may be interchanged.
- the birefringent material 48d is made of calcite (calcite, CaCO 3 ) or the like, and the orientation of the optical axis is arranged so as to refract the linear polarization transmitted through the polarizing element 47b.
- the glass cell 49 is rotatable in three axial directions.
- a part of the light L which is emitted from the incoherent light source 3B and becomes parallel light via the collimator 41d, passes through the glass cell 49 and is incident on the object OBJ, and another part is the spatial optical phase modulator 1 Incident to.
- the light (object light) L OBJ emitted from the object OBJ passes through the polarizing element 47a, and linearly polarized light in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 10 is emitted.
- the linearly polarized light L OBJ travels straight through the birefringent material 48d and is incident on the polarizing element 47c on the image pickup device 2.
- the light (reference light) L Ref transmitted through the spatial optical phase modulator 11 and the splitter 47b is linearly polarized in the direction orthogonal to the optical L OBJ , and is multiplexed for each wavelength band by the spatial optical phase modulator 11. It is generated as light waves for the number of recorded holograms and becomes spherical waves with different radius of curvature.
- the linearly polarized light L Ref refracts and transmits the birefringent material 48d, and is incident on the polarizing element 47c on the image pickup device 2.
- the light L OBJ and L Ref having the same polarization direction by the polarizing element 47c form interference fringes for each wavelength band and are recorded as a multiple hologram by the image pickup device 2.
- the hologram recording method and the image reproduction method according to the present invention By applying the hologram recording method and the image reproduction method according to the present invention to a quantitative phase microscope, multiple holograms required for image reproduction can be obtained with a small amount of light and a small number of measurements, so that measurement can be performed with weak light and at high speed. .. Therefore, the damage can be reduced especially when the subject is a living body. Further, even if the sample is transparent, three-dimensional imaging is possible from the quantitative phase information, so that the staining of the sample can be eliminated. Further, when the multiple hologram is recorded while rotating in the triaxial direction using the glass cell 49, a three-dimensional tomographic image of a transparent sample can be obtained without staining.
- a simulation of hologram recording and image reproduction by a digital holography apparatus according to a modification of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 was carried out using Microsoft visual studio 2017.
- an object (subject) as shown in FIG. 11, three spherical illuminants having a diameter of 64 ⁇ m, red (R), green (G), and blue (B), were set.
- the red illuminant has a center wavelength of 618 nm
- the green illuminant has a center wavelength of 545 nm
- the blue illuminant has a center wavelength of 461 nm.
- Each has a rectangular wavelength spectrum, and the wavelength width is ⁇ 5 nm (total 10 nm) from the center wavelength. .. In the calculation, the wavelength interval was 0.1 nm, so each illuminant calculated a multiplex hologram of 101 wavelengths as a hologram of one wavelength band.
- the image sensor was arranged in 512 ⁇ 512 with a pixel size of 4 ⁇ m.
- the first and second spatial light modulators were each arranged in 512 ⁇ 512 with a pixel size of 4 ⁇ m, and cells in which two light waves were generated were set by using a pseudo-random function.
- the division ratio (intensity ratio) of the two light waves was 1: 1. Further, the phase distribution of the spherical wave without folding back was given to one generation region of the two light waves, and the phase shift amount relative to one was given to the other generation region by the value described later.
- FIG. 12 shows six multiplex holograms at 50 mm. Further, from these six multiple holograms, first, the light wave is restored for each of the green and blue wavelength bands and the image is reproduced by the image reproduction method (see FIG. 6) according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Next, the light wave in the red wavelength band is restored, the image is reproduced, and the color-synthesized image is shown in FIG. With the birefringence lens pattern displayed by the spatial light modulator, a reproduced image was obtained by rotating 180 ° with the center of the image as the origin.
- FIG. 14 shows six multiplex holograms at a distance of 340 mm. Further, an image obtained by reproducing an image for each wavelength band from these six multiple holograms by the same image reproduction method as described above and color-synthesizing the image is shown in FIG. Since the images and wavelength information of the three objects shown in FIG. 11 could be reproduced under the two conditions, the validity of the principle of the image reproduction method using the image reproduction apparatus according to the present invention could be confirmed. .. It was also confirmed that the resolution of the digital holography apparatus is improved by shortening the focal length of the spherical wave generated by the spatial light modulator.
- hologram recording and image reproduction were carried out using a digital holography apparatus equipped with a fluorescence microscope shown in FIG.
- Two types of fluorescent samples, a europium complex and a terbium complex, having emission center wavelengths of 618 nm and 545 nm were prepared as subjects (objects), respectively. These fluorescent samples have a diameter of about 10 ⁇ m. While giving the phase modulation amounts of (-210 ⁇ / 127, -2 ⁇ ), (-105 ⁇ / 254, - ⁇ / 2), (0,0), (210 ⁇ / 127, 2 ⁇ ) to each center wavelength, Four multiplex fluorescent holograms shown in FIG. 16 were recorded.
- a green (center wavelength 545 nm) light wave is first restored and then an image is reproduced by the image reproduction method (see FIG. 6) according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the red (center wavelength 618 nm) light wave was restored and the image was reproduced.
- An image of each wavelength on the imaging surface is shown in FIG. 17A.
- the color-combined image is shown in FIG. 18A.
- the light wave at a depth of 75 ⁇ m with respect to the image pickup surface is calculated from the light wave on the image pickup surface of each restored color, the reproduced image of each wavelength is shown in FIG. 17B, and the color-synthesized image is shown in FIG. 18B. Shown in.
- the number of measurements is twice the number of parameters for two types of phosphors. It was confirmed that the number of times was reduced to 4 times, it was possible to identify by the fluorescent color, and it was possible to measure a sample having a diameter of about 10 ⁇ m over a depth of 100 ⁇ m.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、本発明の実施形態に係るデジタルホログラフィ装置10は、空間光位相変調器(光波生成手段)1および撮像素子2を備えるホログラム記録装置、ならびに、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る像再生装置6(図3参照)を内蔵する計算機50を備える。ホログラム記録装置はさらに、計算機50に内蔵された記録制御部5(図3参照)を備える。計算機50は、市販のパーソナルコンピュータ(PC)等を適用することができる。デジタルホログラフィ装置10は、物体(被写体)OBJからの光(光波)LOBJをホログラム記録装置がN枚の多重ホログラムI1,I1,…,INとして記録し、像再生装置6が多重ホログラムI1,I2,…,INから物体OBJのマルチカラー三次元画像を再生する。
デジタルホログラフィ装置10のホログラム記録装置は、In-line型の光学系を有する自己干渉計を構成し、物体OBJから光LOBJを入射された空間光位相変調器1が互いに位相の異なる光波La,Lbを生成し、光波La,Lbで形成された干渉縞を撮像素子2がホログラムとして撮像する。物体OBJからの光LOBJを発生させるために、ホログラム記録装置(デジタルホログラフィ装置10)はさらに、物体OBJに光を照射する光源(図示省略)を備える。本実施形態において、光LOBJは、可視光で、ランダムな偏光方向の自然光であり、さらにコヒーレント光でなくてよい。したがって、光源は、白色LED(発光ダイオード)、蛍光灯、ハロゲンランプ、水銀ランプ等の一般的な照明装置、または太陽光を適用することができる。さらに、光源は、自家蛍光を含む蛍光体や自発光体を適用することもできるので、これらを物体OBJともすることができる。また、R(赤色)、G(緑色)、B(青色)の各色のLED等の単色光源を組み合わせた光源を適用することにより、色再現性の高い画像を再現できる多重ホログラムが得られる。
像再生装置6は、波長帯、偏光方向、および測定領域のいずれか1以上の光学情報のそれぞれについてのパラメータまたはその組み合わせがN通りの光を含む画像を、パラメータ毎に位相の異なる2つの光波で形成された干渉縞を1つずつ合計Nパターン多重記録されると共に時間的または空間的に分割して記録された、Nパターンの干渉縞を形成した合計2N種類の光波の少なくとも1つの光波の位相が互いに異なるN枚以上2N枚以下の多重ホログラムから再生するものである。図3に示すように、像再生装置6は、多重ホログラム取得部61、パラメータ選択部63、ホログラム生成部64、および光波復元部65を備える。像再生装置6はさらに、記憶部62、振幅・位相計算部68、および画像再生部69を備える。像再生装置6のこれらの要素は、ホログラム記録装置の記録制御部5と同様にCPUやフラッシュメモリ等からなり、また、記録制御部5と信号の送受信があるため、記録制御部5と共に計算機50に内蔵される。
多重ホログラム取得部61は、取得した多重ホログラムI1,I2,…を記憶部62に書き込み、パラメータ選択部63に書き込み終了を通知する。
記憶部62は、多重ホログラムI1,I2,…を記憶するもので、半導体メモリ等の一般的な記憶媒体で構成される。
パラメータ選択部63は、選択するパラメータがN個になるまで順次パラメータを選択し、ホログラム生成部64に出力する。
ホログラム生成部64は、生成したホログラムを光波復元部65に出力する。
ホログラム生成部64は、パラメータ選択部63で選択されるパラメータの数だけ、ホログラム(計算ホログラム)を生成する。
光波復元部65は、パラメータ選択部63で選択されるパラメータの数だけ、光波を復元する。
光波復元部65は、復元した光波を振幅・位相計算部68に出力する。
振幅・位相計算部68は、計算した任意の深さにおける振幅と位相を画像再生部69に出力する。
画像再生部69は、振幅・位相計算部68で計算された任意の深さにおける振幅と位相から、三次元画像を再生するものである。
像再生装置6の具体的な動作については、後記の像再生方法にて詳細に説明する。
本実施形態に係るデジタルホログラフィ装置10のホログラム記録装置によるホログラム記録方法について、図1を参照して説明する。前記したように、物体OBJからの光LOBJは、空間光位相変調器1を透過して、R,G,Bの波長帯毎の2光波となって撮像素子2に入射する。これら6つの光波は、撮像素子2の撮像面で、同じ波長帯の2光波で干渉縞を形成し、すなわちR,G,Bの各色の3パターンの干渉縞が重なり合う。撮像素子2は、これら3パターンの干渉縞をまとめて撮像し、多重ホログラムIとして記録する。多重ホログラムIは、適宜、多重ホログラムI(x,y)と表す(x,yは平面座標)。撮像素子2はさらに続けて所定回数撮像する。これにより、計3~6枚の多重ホログラムI1,I2,…が記録される。このとき、各回の撮像のタイミングに合わせて、空間光位相変調器1(第1、第2空間光位相変調器11,12)の光位相変調素子11a,12a(セル1a)および光位相変調素子11b,12b(セル1b)の少なくとも一方による位相シフト量α,α´を変化させて、2光波の位相差を変化させる。このような動作により、多重ホログラムI1,I2,…が互いに異なるものとなる。なお、画像の再生に必要な多重ホログラムの枚数は、後記するように像再生方法によって異なる。また、画像の再生における計算を簡潔にするために、多重ホログラムIの各干渉縞を形成する2光波は、前記したように、強度比が1またはそれにより近いことが好ましい。
本発明の実施形態に係るデジタルホログラフィ装置10の像再生装置6による像再生方法(以下、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る像再生方法)について、図4を参照して説明する。まず、多重ホログラム取得部61が、ホログラム記録装置の撮像素子制御部52から撮像素子2によって記録されたN枚の多重ホログラムI1,I2,…,INを取得する(多重ホログラム取得ステップS1)。次に、パラメータ選択部63がN個のパラメータから第Nのパラメータを選択する(パラメータ選択ステップS21)。そして、ホログラム生成部64が、選択した第Nのパラメータを有する2光波を含むホログラム(計算ホログラム)を、多重ホログラムI1,I2,…,INから生成し(ホログラム生成ステップS22)、生成したホログラムから、光波復元部65が2光波の一方の光波を復元する(光波復元ステップS23)。すべてのパラメータを選択しないうちは(S24:NO)、ステップS21~S23を繰り返す。2回目のパラメータ選択ステップS21においては、第(N-1)のパラメータを選択し、ステップS22,S23により第(N-1)のパラメータを有する光波を復元する。すべてのパラメータを選択したら(S24:YES)、すなわちすべてのパラメータをそれぞれ有する光波を復元したら、復元したそれぞれの光波について振幅・位相計算部68が任意の深さにおける振幅と位相を計算し(振幅・位相計算ステップS3)、画像再生部69が三次元画像を再生する(画像再生ステップ)。以下、各ステップについて、R,G,Bの3つの波長帯(N=3)の場合を例として、N枚の多重ホログラムを用いる方法について詳細に説明する。
本変形例においては、各波長帯における位相シフト量は、1枚目の多重ホログラムI1において0とする(αi1=0)とする以外、その他の2~2N枚目の多重ホログラムI2,I3,…,I2Nにおいてはすべて任意の値に設定することができる。N=3の場合、6枚の多重ホログラムI1,I2,I3,I4,I5,I6のそれぞれについて、下式(8)~(13)に示すように、右辺の第2項のαi(x,y)の係数が、-3,-2,-1,+1,+2,+3となる。
(像再生装置)
本発明の第2の実施形態に係る像再生装置6Aは、波長帯、偏光方向、および測定領域のいずれか1以上の光学情報のそれぞれについてのパラメータまたはその組み合わせがN通りの光を含む画像を、パラメータ毎に位相の異なる2つの光波で形成された干渉縞を1つずつ合計Nパターン多重記録されると共に時間的または空間的に分割して記録された2N枚の多重ホログラムから再生するものである。像再生装置6Aは、図5に示すように、多重ホログラム取得部61、第1光波復元部66a、第1ホログラム生成部67a、第2ホログラム生成部67b、および第2光波復元部66bを備える。像再生装置6Aはさらに、記憶部62、振幅・位相計算部68、および画像再生部69を備える。これらの要素は、第1の実施形態に係る像再生装置6と同様に、計算機50に内蔵されたCPUやフラッシュメモリ等からなる。
第1光波復元部66aは、復元した光波を、第1ホログラム生成部67a、第2ホログラム生成部67b、および振幅・位相計算部68に出力する。
第1ホログラム生成部67aは、生成したホログラムを第2光波復元部66bに出力する。
第2ホログラム生成部67bは、生成したホログラムを第2光波復元部66bに出力する。
第2光波復元部66bは、復元した光波を振幅・位相計算部68に出力する。
像再生装置6Aの具体的な動作については、後記の像再生方法にて詳細に説明する。
本実施形態に係るデジタルホログラフィ装置10の像再生装置6Aによる像再生方法(以下、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る像再生方法)について、図6を参照して説明する。まず、多重ホログラム取得部61が、ホログラム記録装置の撮像素子制御部52から撮像素子2によって記録された2N枚の多重ホログラムI1,I2,…,I2Nを取得する(多重ホログラム取得ステップS1A)。次に、第1光波復元部66aが、(2N-1)枚の多重ホログラムI1,I2,…,I2N-1から、第1~第(N-1)のパラメータをそれぞれ有する(N-1)光波を復元する(第1光波復元ステップS25)。次に、復元した(N-1)光波を用いて、第1ホログラム生成部67aが多重ホログラムI1,I2,…,I2N-1から、第Nのパラメータを有する2光波で形成されたホログラム(第1計算ホログラム)を生成し(第1ホログラム生成ステップS26)、第2ホログラム生成部67bが多重ホログラムI2Nから、第Nのパラメータを有する2光波で形成されたホログラム(第2計算ホログラム)を生成する(第2ホログラム生成ステップS27)。そして、生成した2枚のホログラムから、第2光波復元部66bが第Nのパラメータを有する1光波を復元する(第2光波復元ステップS28)。その後、第1の実施形態と同様に、振幅・位相計算部68がそれぞれの光波について任意の深さにおける振幅と位相を計算し(振幅・位相計算ステップS3)、画像再生部69が三次元画像を再生する(画像再生ステップ)。以下、各ステップについて詳細に説明する。
前記実施形態に係る像再生装置6,6Aによる像再生方法を実行するデジタルホログラフィ装置10のホログラム記録装置の空間光位相変調器1は、反射型の液晶空間光変調器を適用することもできる。以下、本発明の実施形態の変形例に係るデジタルホログラフィ装置について、図7を参照して説明する。
1:〔-(434/360)×2π,-3π,-4π〕
2:〔-(217/360)×2π,-3π/2,-2π〕
3:〔0,0,0〕
4:〔(217/360)×π/2,3π/8,π/2〕
5:〔(217/360)×2π,3π/2,2π〕
6:〔(434/360)×2π,3π,4π〕
1,1A 空間光位相変調器(光波生成手段)
2 撮像素子
11,11A 第1空間光位相変調器(第1空間光位相変調部)
11a,11b 光位相変調素子
12,12A 第2空間光位相変調器(第2空間光位相変調部)
12a,12b 光位相変調素子
2 撮像素子
3 多波長光源
3A 励起光源
3B インコヒーレント光源
41 4f光学系
41a,41b レンズ
42 波長分散素子
43a,43b 偏光ビームスプリッタ
45 ダイクロイックミラー
46 励起光遮光素子
47a,47b,47c 偏光子
48a,48b,48c,48d 複屈折材料
50 計算機(PC)
5 記録制御部
51 空間光位相変調器制御部
52 撮像素子制御部
6,6A 像再生装置
61 多重ホログラム取得部
62 記憶部
63 パラメータ選択部
64 ホログラム生成部
65 光波復元部
66a 第1光波復元部
66b 第2光波復元部
67a 第1ホログラム生成部
67b 第2ホログラム生成部
68 振幅・位相計算部
69 画像再生部
S1,S1A 多重ホログラム取得ステップ
S21 パラメータ選択ステップ
S22 ホログラム生成ステップ
S23 光波復元ステップ
S25 第1光波復元ステップ
S26 第1ホログラム生成ステップ
S27 第2ホログラム生成ステップ
S28 第2光波復元ステップ
S3 振幅・位相計算ステップ
S4 画像再生ステップ
Claims (6)
- 波長帯、偏光方向、および測定領域のいずれか1以上の光学情報のそれぞれについてのパラメータまたはその組み合わせがN通りの光を含む画像を、前記パラメータ毎に位相の異なる2つの光波で形成された干渉縞を1つずつ合計Nパターン多重記録されると共に時間的または空間的に分割して記録された、前記Nパターンの干渉縞を形成した合計2N種類の光波の少なくとも1つの光波の位相が互いに異なるN枚以上2N枚以下の多重ホログラムから再生する像再生装置であって、
前記N個のパラメータからパラメータを1個ずつN回選択するパラメータ選択部と、
前記パラメータ選択部がパラメータを選択すると、少なくとも1枚の前記多重ホログラムから、選択された前記パラメータを有する2つの光波で形成された干渉縞以外の(N-1)パターンの干渉縞を除去して、前記2つの光波を含む計算ホログラムを生成するホログラム生成部と、
前記ホログラム生成部が生成した計算ホログラムから前記2つの光波の一方を復元する光波復元部と、を備え、
前記ホログラム生成部は、前記光波復元部が1以上の光波を復元した後において、復元された前記光波と異なるパラメータを有する2つの光波を含む計算ホログラムを生成するために、前記光波復元部が復元した光波および前記光波を復元するために用いた計算機ホログラムの少なくとも1つを用いることを特徴とする像再生装置。 - 波長帯、偏光方向、および測定領域のいずれか1以上の光学情報のそれぞれについてのパラメータまたはその組み合わせがN通りの光を含む画像を、前記パラメータ毎に位相の異なる2つの光波で形成された干渉縞を1つずつ合計Nパターン多重記録されると共に時間的または空間的に分割して記録された2N枚の多重ホログラムから再生する像再生装置であって、
前記2N枚の多重ホログラムのうちの、前記Nパターンの干渉縞を形成した合計2N種類の光波の少なくとも1つについて位相が異なる第2Nの多重ホログラム以外で、互いに前記2N種類の光波の少なくとも1つについて位相が異なる(2N-1)枚の多重ホログラムから、第Nの干渉縞以外の(N-1)パターンの干渉縞のそれぞれを形成した2つの光波の一方の計(N-1)種類の光波を復元する第1光波復元部と、
前記第1光波復元部が復元した光波を用いて、前記第2Nの多重ホログラム以外の少なくとも1枚の前記多重ホログラムから、前記第Nの干渉縞以外の(N-1)パターンの干渉縞を除去して、第1計算ホログラムを生成する第1ホログラム生成部と、
前記第1光波復元部が復元した光波を用いて、前記第2Nの多重ホログラムから、前記第Nの干渉縞以外の(N-1)パターンの干渉縞を除去して、第2計算ホログラムを生成する第2ホログラム生成部と、
前記第1計算ホログラムと前記第2計算ホログラムとから、前記第Nの干渉縞を形成した2つの光波の一方を、位相シフト法によって復元する第2光波復元部と、を備えることを特徴とする像再生装置。 - 物体の光波から、波長帯、偏光方向、および測定領域のいずれか1以上の光学情報のそれぞれについてのパラメータまたはその組み合わせがN通りの光波を前記パラメータ毎に位相の異なる2以上ずつ生成する光波生成手段と、前記光波生成手段が生成した光波を入射されて、前記パラメータが同じで位相の異なる2つの光波で形成された干渉縞を前記パラメータの異なる2パターン以上、多重ホログラムとして多重記録する撮像素子と、を備え、前記2パターン以上の干渉縞が時間的または空間的に分割して記録されることにより、複数枚の多重ホログラムを記録するホログラム記録装置であって、
前記光波は、前記複数枚の多重ホログラム同士で、それぞれの多重ホログラムに記録される前記2パターン以上の干渉縞を形成する光波のうちの少なくとも1つについて位相が異なることを特徴とするホログラム記録装置。 - 前記光波生成手段は、光位相変調素子を二次元配列してなる第1空間光位相変調部および第2空間光位相変調部を備え、
前記第1空間光位相変調部と前記第2空間光位相変調部とは、互いに異なる偏光方向の光に対して前記光位相変調素子が位相を変調することを特徴とする請求項3に記載されたホログラム記録装置。 - 前記第1空間光位相変調部と前記第2空間光位相変調部とは、光軸方向視で同じ位置に配置された前記光位相変調素子による位相変調量が同じであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載されたホログラム記録装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載された像再生装置と、請求項3ないし請求項5のいずれか一項に記載されたホログラム記録装置と、を備えるデジタルホログラフィ装置。
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