WO2022028176A1 - 顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法 - Google Patents

顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022028176A1
WO2022028176A1 PCT/CN2021/104441 CN2021104441W WO2022028176A1 WO 2022028176 A1 WO2022028176 A1 WO 2022028176A1 CN 2021104441 W CN2021104441 W CN 2021104441W WO 2022028176 A1 WO2022028176 A1 WO 2022028176A1
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cis
palladium
olefin
copper compound
catalyst
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郑南峰
李凯佳
刘锟隆
刘圣杰
陈洁
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厦门大学
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/22Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
    • C07C5/2206Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31
    • C07C5/226Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31 with metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/89Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • B01J23/8926Copper and noble metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/56Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by isomerisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/09Geometrical isomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • C07C2523/89Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/24Nitrogen compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of olefin compound synthesis, in particular to a method for isomerizing cis olefins to trans olefins.
  • Olefins are very important fine chemicals and play a pivotal role in medicine, pesticides, fragrances and other industries.
  • olefins can participate in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, electrophilic addition reactions, free radical addition reactions, polymerization reactions, etc., and can produce fluorescent whitening agents, liquid crystals and light-emitting diodes, etc.; in pharmaceuticals It is a very important pharmaceutical intermediate in the field.
  • the olefin group is a common pharmacophore, which is used to synthesize physiologically active drugs or form fragments of various functional materials, especially trans-olefins are the most widely used, such as trans-olefins.
  • the stilbene compounds of the formula have significant pharmacological properties such as anti-tumor, anti-cardiovascular, and anti-oxidation, and are also used in the preparation of chemical products such as luminescent materials and dyes.
  • trans-olefin compounds have high application value in the field of medicine and chemical industry, but most of the existing synthetic methods have high cost and harsh reaction conditions, and the waste generated by post-processing will increase the burden on the environment, making industrial application cause more or less restrictions.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the existing problems and provide a method for isomerizing cis olefins to trans olefins.
  • the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
  • a method for isomerizing cis olefin to trans olefin comprising the following steps:
  • the valence of copper in the copper compound is +1.
  • the copper compound is selected from at least one of Cu 2 O and Cu 3 N.
  • the molar ratio of Pd to cis-olefin in the palladium/copper compound catalyst is (1-10):1000.
  • the organic solvent is selected from alcohol solvents.
  • the alcoholic solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, n-butanol and isobutanol.
  • the conditions for the reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere are: the time is 2-10 h; the temperature is 10°C-60°C; and the hydrogen pressure is (1-1.5) atmospheric pressure.
  • the cis-olefin is selected from cis-4-octene, cis-diphenylethylene, cis-1-methyl-1-styrene, cis-1-phenyl-1-butene, cis- At least one of 1-phenyl-1-pentene and cis-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol.
  • the preparation method of the palladium/copper compound catalyst comprises the following steps:
  • b Disperse the copper compound in acetonitrile, stir in an inert gas atmosphere, add a palladium precursor acetonitrile solution, stir at 40-70° C. for 3-7 h, centrifuge, wash, and vacuum dry to obtain a palladium/copper compound catalyst; In the palladium/copper compound catalyst, palladium is atomically dispersed on the surface of the copper compound.
  • the palladium precursor is at least one selected from (Ph 4 P) 2 [Pd 2 ( ⁇ -CO) 2 Cl 4 ] and palladium diacetonitrile chloride.
  • the method of the present invention can catalyze cis olefins to trans olefins under mild conditions, the conversion rate of cis olefins is as high as 100%, the catalyst activity is high, the selectivity exceeds 96%, and can be as high as 98.7%, and high purity is obtained. of trans olefins.
  • the catalytic system of the present invention has strong universality to substrates, and cis olefins containing various functional groups can be isomerized into trans olefins with high selectivity, which has extremely high application value.
  • Fig. 1 is the spherical aberration electron microscope image obtained by electron microscope characterization of the palladium/copper compound catalyst of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the synchrotron radiation pattern of the 0.1%Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an in-situ CO infrared absorption diagram of the 0.5% Pd 1 /Cu 3 N catalyst of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of six-cycle stability experiments of the isomerization of cis-4-octene to tran-4-octene catalyzed by 0.1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst in Example 3.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of six-cycle stability experiments of the isomerization of cis-4-octene to tran-4-octene catalyzed by 0.1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst in Example 3.
  • Example 5 is an in-situ CO infrared absorption diagram of the 0.1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst in Example 3 before the reaction and after 6 cycles.
  • the present invention proposes a kind of method that cis olefin isomerization is trans olefin, adopts following steps:
  • Fig. 1 is a spherical aberration electron microscope image obtained by electron microscope characterization of the palladium/copper compound catalyst of the present invention, it can be seen that Pd is dispersed on the surface of the copper compound in the form of a single atom.
  • Figure 2 is the synchrotron radiation pattern of the 0.1%Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst of the present invention. It can be seen that there is no obvious Pd-Pd bond signal on the 0.1Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst, indicating that Pd is dispersed in the form of single atoms. on the Cu 2 O surface.
  • Figure 3 shows the in-situ CO infrared absorption diagram of the 0.5%Pd 1 /Cu 3 N catalyst. It can be seen that the 0.5% Pd 1 /Cu 3 N catalyst has only one CO infrared absorption peak. The atomic forms are dispersed on the Cu 3 N surface.
  • the molar ratio of Pd to cis olefin in the palladium/copper compound catalyst is (1 ⁇ 10):1000, and within this selected value range, isomerization of cis olefin to trans olefin can be realized with a small amount of Pd Olefins, greatly reduce the use of Pd, improve atom utilization, thereby reducing process costs.
  • the solvent used in the catalytic reaction process is an organic solvent; preferably, the organic solvent can be an alcohol solvent; further preferably, the alcohol solvent can be selected from ethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, n-butanol and isopropyl alcohol At least one of butanol.
  • the alcohol-based solvent has high universality, is easy to obtain, and has low cost. The use of the alcohol-based solvent in the present invention can save costs and is beneficial to industrial application.
  • the reaction conditions under hydrogen atmosphere are: time is 2 ⁇ 10h; temperature is 10°C ⁇ 60°C; hydrogen pressure is (1 ⁇ 1.5) atmospheric pressure.
  • the hydrogen pressure of the reaction only needs to be normal pressure or slightly higher than normal pressure, and the temperature only needs to be room temperature or a temperature slightly higher than room temperature, and it does not need relatively harsh temperature and pressure reaction conditions to complete.
  • the cis-olefin can be selected from cis-4-octene, cis-diphenylethylene, cis-1-methyl-1-styrene, cis-1-phenyl-1-butene, cis- -At least one of 1-phenyl-1-pentene and cis-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol.
  • the invention can be applied to the isomerization of various cis olefins into trans olefins, and the selection of cis olefins is various, which is beneficial to the utilization in industrial production.
  • the preparation method of palladium/copper compound catalyst can adopt the following steps:
  • palladium is atomically dispersed on the surface of the copper compound.
  • the palladium precursor may be selected from at least one of (Ph 4 P) 2 [Pd 2 ( ⁇ -CO) 2 Cl 4 ] and palladium diacetonitrile chloride.
  • Example 1 Catalytic application of palladium/copper compound catalysts
  • Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 Disperse Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in acetonitrile in advance, and stir at 10-60° C. for 10 h to obtain a Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 acetonitrile solution.
  • the mass of Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in the solution is The percent concentration is 0.5%.
  • Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 Disperse Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in acetonitrile in advance, and stir at 10-60° C. for 10 h to obtain a Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 acetonitrile solution.
  • the mass of Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in the solution is The percent concentration is 0.5%.
  • Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 Disperse Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in acetonitrile in advance, and stir at 10-60° C. for 10 h to obtain a Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 acetonitrile solution.
  • the mass of Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in the solution is The percent concentration is 0.5%.
  • Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 Disperse Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in acetonitrile in advance, and stir at 10-60° C. for 10 h to obtain a Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 acetonitrile solution.
  • the mass of Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in the solution is The percent concentration is 0.5%.
  • Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 Disperse Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in acetonitrile in advance, and stir at 10-60° C. for 10 h to obtain a Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 acetonitrile solution.
  • the mass of Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 in the solution is The percent concentration is 0.5%.
  • 0.1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O, 0.5% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O, 1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O, 0.5% Pd 1 /Cu 3 N, 1.5% Pd were weighed in the amount of 5 ⁇ mol Pd. 1 /Cu 3 N catalyst, named test group 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, was added to a 50 mL high-pressure reaction flask, and then 1 mmol cis-4-octene was added, and 10 mL of ethanol was added as a solvent, and the mixture was uniformly mixed.
  • Example 2 Catalytic isomerization application of 0.1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst
  • Table 2 shows the results of the isomerization of different cis olefins to trans olefins catalyzed by 0.1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst. It can be seen that the catalyst prepared by the method of the present invention can be used to catalyze the isomerization of cis olefins containing different groups into corresponding trans olefins, and the selectivity is good, which can reach more than 96.5%. The isomerization of cis olefins to trans olefins has good generality.
  • the solvent used in the isomerization of cis olefin to trans olefin may be ethanol, and may also be selected from methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, n-butanol and isobutanol.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of six cycles of stability experiments for the isomerization of cis-4-octene to tran-4-octene catalyzed by 0.1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst. It can be seen that the selectivity to tran-4-octene of the catalyst of the method of the present invention does not obviously decrease after being applied for 6 times, and can still reach more than 97%, and the stability is good.
  • Figure 5 shows the in-situ CO infrared absorption images of the 0.1%Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst before the reaction and after 6 cycles. It can be seen that the CO infrared adsorption of Pd in the 0.1% Pd 1 /Cu 2 O catalyst has only one peak before the reaction.
  • Example 4 Catalytic isomerization application of different molar ratios of Pd and cis-olefins in palladium/copper compound catalysts
  • Table 3 shows the experimental results of the isomerization of cis olefins to trans olefins with different molar ratios of Pd and cis olefins in the 0.5% Pd 1 /Cu 3 N catalyst.
  • Comparative example 1 Palladium/copper compound catalysts with different valences
  • Catalyst A, Catalyst B, and Catalyst C in the amount of 5 ⁇ mol Pd, respectively, add them into a 50 mL high-pressure reaction flask, add 1 mmol cis-4-octene, add 10 mL of ethanol as a solvent, and mix them uniformly. Under the atmosphere of 1bar H 2 and the temperature of 30 °C, the samples were taken after the reaction for 2 to 10 hours, and the internal standard method was used to analyze the isomerization of cis-4-octene to tran-4-octene by different catalysts. . Table 3 shows the reaction results of catalysts prepared from different valences of copper compounds for catalytic isomerization applications.
  • the obtained palladium/copper catalyst for catalytic cis-olefin isomerization is Trans-olefins have high activity and high selectivity, and the selectivity reaches 98.2%, but the catalysts prepared by selecting 0-valent Cu or +2-valent CuO cannot achieve the purpose of catalyzing the isomerization of cis-olefins to trans-olefins.

Abstract

顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法,通过在反应容器中加入钯/铜化物催化剂和顺式烯烃,加入有机溶剂,混合均匀,在氢气氛围下反应,得到反式烯烃。所述钯/铜化物催化剂中钯以原子级分散在铜化物的表面,利用Pd与载体之间构成的特殊界面,诱导H 2通过异裂的方式解离,使C=C双键进行翻转,实现从顺式烯烃到反式烯烃,而不是将顺式烯烃进一步加氢到烷烃,对反式烯烃具有高选择性。该方法操作过程简单,可以大量制备,催化过程不需要添加各种助剂,降低反应体系的复杂程度,有利于产物的分离提纯,节约成本,具有较高的工业化应用价值。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称] 顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法 技术领域:
本发明涉及烯烃化合物合成领域,特别是一种顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法。
背景技术:
烯烃类化合物是一种非常重要的精细化工品,在医药、农药、香料等行业有着举足轻重的作用。烯烃在化工领域中作为一种有机合成试剂,可以参与催化加氢反应、亲电加成反应、自由基加成反应、聚合反应等,可以生产荧光增白剂、液晶和发光二极管等;在医药领域中是非常重要的药物中间体,烯烃基团是常见的药效基团,用于合成具有生理活性的药物,或者构成各种功能材料的片段,尤其反式烯烃的应用最为广泛,例如反式二苯乙烯类化合物即具有显著的抗肿瘤、抗心血管、抗氧化等药理特性,又应用于发光材料、染料等化工产品的制备。
反式烯烃的传统合成方法有很多:(1)经典人名反应,如:Witting,Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons,Peterson olefination反应等;(2)催化Heck反应;(3)Suzuki偶联反应;(4)烯烃复分解反应。这些方法都可以得到较高的收率,但是反应过程中需要添加大量的膦试剂、金属试剂或者醛等各种添加剂,使得产物的提纯存在限制,同时大量的废弃物也会污染环境。
近些年来也有一些其他合成烯烃化合物的方法:(1)以氨硼烷为氢源的催化还原法,这种方法虽然反应条件比较温和,对设备要求不高,但是氨硼烷价格昂贵,还需事先制备金属和配体的络合物,增加了生产成本,不利于大规模工业化应用;(2)以酸为氢源的催化还原法,该方法相较前一种方法已经降低了成本,但是酸的使用会对设备的损耗增大,需要更加苛刻的条件,工业化的应用受到限制,同时该方法很难实现选择性合成反式烯烃。(3)以醇为氢源的催化还原法,例如用醇和甲基杂环化合物反应生成烯烃,该方法虽然能得到较高的反式烯烃产率,但是催化剂的制备成本高,反应温度需在140℃左右,对反应条件要求苛刻,故不利于工业化应用。
综上所述,反式烯烃化合物在医药化工领域应用价值很高,但是现有的合成方法大多成本较高,对反应条件要求苛刻,后处理产生的废物对环境会增加负担,使得工业化的应用造成或多或少的限制。
发明内容:
本发明的一个目的在于解决现有问题,提供一种顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法,包括以下步骤:
在反应容器中加入钯/铜化物催化剂和顺式烯烃,加入有机溶剂,混合均匀,在氢气氛围下反应,得到反式烯烃;所述钯/铜化物催化剂中钯以原子级分散在铜化物的表面。
优选的,所述铜化物中铜的化合价为+1。
进一步优选的,所述铜化物选自Cu 2O、Cu 3N中的至少一种。
优选的,所述钯/铜化物催化剂中Pd和顺式烯烃的摩尔比为(1~10):1000。
优选的,所述有机溶剂选自醇类溶剂。
进一步优选的,所述醇类溶剂选自乙醇、甲醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、正丁醇和异丁醇中的至少一种。
优选的,所述在氢气氛围下反应的条件为:时间为2~10h;温度为10℃~60℃;氢气压力为(1~1.5)个大气压。
优选的,所述顺式烯烃选自cis-4-辛烯、cis-二苯基乙烯、cis-1-甲基-1-苯乙烯、cis-1-苯基-1-丁烯、cis-1-苯基-1-戊烯、cis-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇中的至少一种。
优选的,所述钯/铜化物催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
a.预先将钯前驱体分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌,得到钯前驱体乙腈溶液,所述钯前驱体乙腈溶液中钯前驱体质量百分比浓度为0.001%~1%;
b.将铜化物分散在乙腈中,在惰性气体氛围中搅拌,加入钯前驱体乙腈溶液,在40~70℃下搅拌3~7h,离心、洗涤、真空干燥,得到钯/铜化物催化剂;所述钯/铜化物催化剂中钯以原子级分散在铜化物的表面。
优选的,所述钯前驱体选自(Ph 4P) 2[Pd 2(μ-CO) 2Cl 4]、二乙腈氯化钯中的至少一种。
有益效果:
(1)本发明方法在温和的条件下就可催化顺式烯烃到反式烯烃,顺式烯烃的转化率高达100%,催化剂活性高,选择性超过96%,可高达98.7%,得到高纯度的反式烯烃。
(2)本发明催化剂应用在顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的技术领域是具有开创性和突破性的,在6次循环使用后,顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃选择性仍可达到97%,催化过程中不会损耗,大大降低生产工艺成本。
(3)本发明方法的操作过程简单,可以大量制备,催化过程不需要添加各种助剂,降低反应体系的复杂程度,有利于产物的分离提纯,适合工业化应用。
(4)本发明顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法中使用的钯/铜化物催化剂,由于Pd与载体之间构成的特殊界面,诱导H 2通过异裂的方式解离,只能使C=C双键进行翻转,实现从顺式烯烃到反式烯烃,而不是将顺式烯烃进一步加氢到烷烃,提高了反式烯烃的选择性。
(5)本发明的催化体系对底物的普适性强,含各种官能团的顺式烯烃都能高选择性的异构化为反式烯烃,具有极高的应用价值。
附图说明:
图1为本发明钯/铜化物催化剂进行电镜表征得到的球差电镜图。
图2为本发明0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂的同步辐射图。
图3为本发明0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂的原位CO红外吸收图。
图4为实施例3中0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯的6次循环稳定性实验结果图。
图5为实施例3中0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂反应前和循环6次后的原位CO红外吸收图。
具体实施方式:
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明的技术方案进行描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的 实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本发明提出一种顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法,采取以下步骤:
在反应容器中加入钯/铜化物催化剂和顺式烯烃,加入有机溶剂,混合均匀,在氢气氛围下反应,得到反式烯烃;钯/铜化物催化剂中钯以原子级分散在铜化物的表面。
本发明选用钯/铜化物催化剂,是由于Pd与铜化物载体之间可以构成特殊界面,诱导H 2通过异裂的方式解离,只能使C=C双键进行翻转,实现从顺式烯烃到反式烯烃,而不是将顺式烯烃进一步加氢到烷烃,从而提高反式烯烃的选择性。图1为对本发明钯/铜化物催化剂进行电镜表征得到的球差电镜图,可以看出Pd是以单原子形式分散在铜化物表面上。
在本发明中,铜化物中铜的化合价为+1,优选为Cu 2O、Cu 3N。这是由于Pd和+1价Cu构筑的Cu/Pd界面有利于诱导H 2的异裂,从而使C=C双键翻转,而不利于烯烃加氢到烷烃。图2为本发明0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂的同步辐射图,可以看出上0.1Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂没有明显的Pd-Pd键信号出现,说明Pd是以单原子形式分散在Cu 2O表面上。图3为0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂的原位CO红外吸收图,可以看出,0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂只有一个CO红外吸收峰,同样说明Pd在Cu 3N也是以单原子形式分散在Cu 3N表面的。
在本发明中,钯/铜化物催化剂中Pd和顺式烯烃的摩尔比为(1~10):1000,在该选值范围内,用少量的Pd就可以实现顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃,大大减少了Pd的使用,提高原子利用率,从而降低了工艺成本。
在本发明中,催化反应过程使用的溶剂为有机溶剂;优选的,有机溶剂可以为醇类溶剂;进一步优选的,醇类溶剂可以选自乙醇、甲醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、正丁醇和异丁醇中的至少一种。醇类溶剂普适性高、易取得、成本较低,本发明使用醇类溶剂可以节约成本,利于工业应用。
在本发明中,在氢气氛围下反应的条件为:时间为2~10h;温度为10℃~60℃;氢气压力为(1~1.5)个大气压。反应的氢气压力只需要为常压或略高于常压,温度只需要为室温或略高于室温的温度,不需要较为苛刻的温度、压力反应条件来完成。
在本发明中,顺式烯烃可以选自cis-4-辛烯、cis-二苯基乙烯、cis-1-甲基-1-苯乙烯、cis-1-苯基-1-丁烯、cis-1-苯基-1-戊烯、cis-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇中的至少一种。本发明可应用于多种顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃,顺式烯烃的选择多样,有利于工业生产上的利用。
在本发明中,钯/铜化物催化剂的制备方法可以采用以下步骤:
a.预先将钯前驱体分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌,得到钯前驱体乙腈
溶液,所述钯前驱体乙腈溶液中钯前驱体质量百分比浓度为0.001%~1%;
b.将铜化物分散在乙腈中,在惰性气体氛围中搅拌,加入钯前驱体乙腈溶液,
在40~70℃下搅拌3~7h,离心、洗涤、真空干燥,得到钯/铜化物催化剂;
所述钯/铜化物催化剂中钯以原子级分散在铜化物的表面。
在本发明中,钯前驱体可以选自(Ph 4P) 2[Pd 2(μ-CO) 2Cl 4]、二乙腈氯化钯中的至少一种。
实施例1:钯/铜化物催化剂的催化应用
1-1:0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂制备
预先将Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌10h,得到Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,溶液中Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2质量百分比浓度为0.5%。
取500mg Cu 2O分散在100mL乙腈中,超声分散均匀后,在50sccm N 2氛围下搅拌15min后,按照Pd与Cu 2O的质量比为0.1:100逐滴加入Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,在40~70℃下搅拌3~7h,降到室温后离心分离,用乙醇洗涤数次,置于真空干燥箱真空干燥,得到0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂。
1-2:0.5%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂制备
预先将Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌10h,得到Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,溶液中Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2质量百分比浓度为0.5%。
取500mg Cu 2O分散在100mL乙腈中,超声分散均匀后,在50sccm N 2氛围下搅拌15min后,按照Pd与Cu 2O的质量比为0.5:100逐滴加入Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,在40~70℃下搅拌3~7h,降到室温后离心分离,用乙醇洗涤数次,置于真空干燥箱真空干燥,得到0.5%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂。
1-3:1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂制备
预先将Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌10h,得到Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,溶液中Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2质量百分比浓度为0.5%。
取500mg Cu 2O分散在100mL乙腈中,超声分散均匀后,在50sccm N 2氛围下搅拌15min后,按照Pd与Cu 2O的质量比为1:100逐滴加入Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,在40~70℃下搅拌3~7h,降到室温后离心分离,用乙醇洗涤数次,置于真空干燥箱真空干燥,得到1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂。
1-4:0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂制备
预先将Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌10h,得到Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,溶液中Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2质量百分比浓度为0.5%。
取500mg Cu 3N分散在100mL乙腈中,超声分散均匀后,在50sccm N 2氛围下搅拌15min后,按照Pd与Cu 3N的质量比为0.5:100逐滴加入Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,在40~70℃下搅拌3~7h,降到室温后离心分离,用乙醇洗涤数次,置于真空干燥箱后真空干燥,得到0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂。
1-5:1.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂制备
预先将Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌10h,得到Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,溶液中Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2质量百分比浓度为0.5%。
取500mg Cu 3N分散在100mL乙腈中,超声分散均匀后,在50sccm N 2氛围下搅拌15min后,按照Pd与Cu 3N的质量比为1.5:100逐滴加入Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,在40~70℃下搅拌3~7h,降到室温后离心分离,用乙醇洗涤数次,置于真空干燥箱后真空干燥,得到1.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂。
1-6:钯/铜化物催化剂的催化异构化应用
以5μmol Pd的量分别称取制备得到的0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O、0.5%Pd 1/Cu 2O、1%Pd 1/Cu 2O、0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N、1.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂,分别命名试验组1、2、3、4、5,加入到50mL的高压反应瓶中,再分别添加1mmol cis-4-辛烯,加入10mL乙醇作为溶剂,混合均匀后,在1~1.5bar H 2氛围下、温度为10~60℃下反应2~10小时后取样,采用内标法用气相色谱分析,测定不同催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯的性能。表1为不同试验组催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯反应结果。可以得出,不同铜化物载体上负载不同量Pd单原子的催化剂催化氢诱导cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯均表现出很好的活性和选择性,转化率 均达到100%,选择性超过97%以上。
表1.不同试验组催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯反应结果
Figure PCTCN2021104441-appb-000001
实施例2:0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂的催化异构化应用
称取五组实施例1中制备得到的0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂,每组含5μmol Pd,分别命名试验组6、7、8、9、10,加入到50mL的高压反应瓶中,再分别添加1mmol cis-二苯基乙烯、cis-1-甲基-1-苯乙烯、cis-1-苯基-1-丁烯、cis-1-苯基-1-戊烯、cis-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇,加入10mL乙醇作为溶剂,混合均匀后,在1bar H 2氛围下、温度为30℃下反应2~10小时后取样,采用内标法用气相色谱分析,测定催化剂催化顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的性能。表2为0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂催化不同顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃反应结果。可以看出,本发明方法制得的催化剂用于催化含不同基团的顺式烯烃都可以异构化为相应的反式烯烃,且选择性良好,均可达到96.5%以上,说明本发明在顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的应用上具有很好的普适性。
本实施例中,顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃应用所使用的溶剂可以是乙醇,还可以选自甲醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、正丁醇和异丁醇。
表2. 0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂催化不同顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的反应结果
Figure PCTCN2021104441-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021104441-appb-000003
实施例3:测试本发明套用的稳定性
称取实施例1中制备得到的含5μmol Pd的0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂和1mmol cis-4-辛烯,置于50mL高压反应瓶中,10mL乙醇做溶剂,混合均匀后,在1bar H 2氛围下、温度为30℃反应2~10小时后取样,回收催化剂,经乙醇洗涤5次,60℃真空干燥,在相同的条件下套用6次,分别取样。采用内标法用气相色谱分析,测定催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯性能。
图4为0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯的6次循环稳定性实验结果图。可以看出,本发明方法的催化剂在套用6次后,对于tran-4-辛烯的选择性没有明显降低,仍可达到97%以上,稳定性良好。图5为0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂反应前和循环6次后的原位CO红外吸收图,可以看出0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂在反应前Pd的CO红外吸附只有一个峰,说明Pd是以单原子形式分散在Cu 2O表面上,当循环套用6次后,0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂的CO红外吸收峰和反应前一致,说明催化剂在催化过程中没有损耗,同样说明本发明催化剂具有很好的稳定性。
实施例4:钯/铜化物催化剂中Pd和顺式烯烃不同摩尔比的催化异构化应用
称取一定量实施例1制备得到的0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂和一定量的cis-4-辛烯,使得0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂中Pd和cis-4-辛烯的摩尔比为(1~10):1000,置于50mL高压反应瓶中,10mL乙醇做溶剂,混合均匀后,在1bar H 2氛围下、温度为30℃反应2~10小时后取样,采用内标法用气相色谱分析,测定催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯性能。表3为0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂中Pd和顺式烯烃不同摩尔比进行顺式烯烃异构为反式烯烃应用的实验结果。
表3. 0.5%Pd 1/Cu 3N催化剂中Pd和顺式烯烃不同摩尔比进行顺式烯烃异构为反式烯烃应用的实验结果
Figure PCTCN2021104441-appb-000004
实施例5
预先将(Ph 4P) 2[Pd 2(μ-CO) 2Cl 4]分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌10h,得到Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,溶液中Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2质量百分比浓度为0.001%~1%。
取500mg Cu 2O分散在100mL乙腈中,超声分散均匀后,在50sccm N 2氛围下搅拌15min后,按照Pd与Cu 2O的质量比为0.1:100逐滴加入(Ph 4P) 2[Pd 2(μ-CO) 2Cl 4]乙腈溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h,降到室温后离心分离,用乙醇洗涤数次,置于真空干燥箱真空干燥,得到0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂。
以5μmol Pd的量称取制备得到的0.1%Pd 1/Cu 2O催化剂,加入到50mL的高压反应瓶中,再添加1mmol cis-4-辛烯,加入10mL乙醇作为溶剂,混合均匀后,在1~1.5bar H 2氛围下、温度为10~60℃下反应2~10小时后取样,采用内标法用气相色谱分析,测定催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯的性能,当cis-4-辛烯完全转化时,tran-4-辛烯的选择性为98.3%。
对比例1:不同化合价的钯/铜化物催化剂
S1:预先将Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌10h,得到Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,溶液中Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2质量百分比浓度为0.5%。
S2:分别取500mg不同价态铜化物分散在100mL乙腈中,超声分散均匀 后,在50sccm N 2氛围下搅拌15min后,按照Pd与铜化物的质量比为0.1:100逐滴加入Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h,降到室温后离心分离,用乙醇洗涤数次,置于真空干燥箱真空干燥,得到催化剂A、催化剂B、催化剂C。
S3:以5μmol Pd的量分别称取催化剂A、催化剂B、催化剂C,加入到50mL的高压反应瓶中,再分别添加1mmol cis-4-辛烯,加入10mL乙醇作为溶剂,混合均匀后,在1bar H 2氛围下、温度为30℃下反应2~10小时后取样,采用内标法用气相色谱分析,测定不同催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯的性能。表3为不同化合价铜化物制备催化剂用于催化异构化应用的反应结果,可以看出,只有当铜的化合价为+1价时,得到的钯/铜催化剂对于催化顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃具有高活性和高选择性,选择性达到98.2%,而选择0价的Cu或+2价的CuO制备得到的催化剂均无法达到催化顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的目的。
表4.不同化合价铜化物制备催化剂用于催化异构化应用的反应结果
铜化物 催化剂 底物 产物 转化率(%) 选择性(%)
Cu 2O 催化剂A cis-4-辛烯 tran-4-辛烯 100 98.2
CuO 催化剂B cis-4-辛烯 tran-4-辛烯 0
Cu 催化剂C cis-4-辛烯 tran-4-辛烯 0
对比例2:Cu 2O上负载Pd颗粒,非原子级分散
S1:预先将Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌10h,得到Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,溶液中Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2质量百分比浓度为0.5%。
S2:取500mgCu 2O分散在100mL乙腈中,超声分散均匀后,在50sccm N 2氛围下搅拌15min后,按照Pd与Cu 2O的质量比为1:10逐滴加入Pd(CH 3CN) 2Cl 2乙腈溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h,降到室温后离心分离,用乙醇洗涤数次,置于真空干燥箱真空干燥,得到10%Pd NPs/Cu 2O催化剂。
S3:以5μmol Pd的量称取10%Pd NPs/Cu 2O催化剂,加入到50mL的高压反应瓶中,再添加1mmol cis-4-辛烯,加入10mL乙醇作为溶剂,混合均匀后,在1bar H 2氛围下、温度为30℃下反应2~10小时后取样,采用内标法用气相色 谱分析,测定催化剂催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯的性能。10%Pd NPs/Cu 2O虽然也可以100%催化cis-4-辛烯异构化为tran-4-辛烯,但是选择性只有78%,而且随着时间的延长,cis-4-辛烯会全部加氢为辛烷。因此,只有单原子Pd才有利于催化顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种顺式烯烃异构化为反式烯烃的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    在反应容器中加入钯/铜化物催化剂和顺式烯烃,加入有机溶剂,混合均匀,在氢气氛围下反应,得到反式烯烃;所述钯/铜化物催化剂中钯以原子级分散在铜化物的表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铜化物中铜的化合价为+1。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铜化物选自Cu 2O、Cu 3N中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钯/铜化物催化剂中Pd和顺式烯烃的摩尔比为(1~10):1000。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自醇类溶剂。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述醇类溶剂选自乙醇、甲醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、正丁醇和异丁醇中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述在氢气氛围下反应的条件为:时间为2~10h;温度为10℃~60℃;氢气压力为(1~1.5)个大气压。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述顺式烯烃选自cis-4-辛烯、cis-二苯基乙烯、cis-1-甲基-1-苯乙烯、cis-1-苯基-1-丁烯、cis-1-苯基-1-戊烯、cis-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇中的至少一种。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钯/铜化物催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
    a.预先将钯前驱体分散于乙腈中,在10~60℃下搅拌,得到钯前驱体乙腈溶液,所述钯前驱体乙腈溶液中钯前驱体质量百分比浓度为0.001%~1%;
    b.将铜化物分散在乙腈中,在惰性气体氛围中搅拌,加入钯前驱体乙腈溶液,在40~70℃下搅拌3~7h,离心、洗涤、真空干燥,得到钯/铜化物催化剂;所述钯/铜化物催化剂中钯以原子级分散在铜化物的表面。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钯前驱体选自(Ph 4P) 2[Pd 2(μ-CO) 2Cl 4]、二乙腈氯化钯中的至少一种。
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