WO2022028044A1 - 气凝胶灭火剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
气凝胶灭火剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- fire extinguishing
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- silica aerogel
- aerogel
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/152—Preparation of hydrogels
- C01B33/154—Preparation of hydrogels by acidic treatment of aqueous silicate solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
- C01B33/1585—Dehydration into aerogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/16—Pore diameter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/32—Thermal properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of surface functional materials and fire protection, and in particular relates to an aerogel fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
- Xi Yuqin added 60-70% nano-SiO 2 and 25 % poly-
- the thickener composed of vinyl alcohol and 5% silicone oil is prepared as an adhesive fire extinguishing agent.
- the fire extinguishing time meter of the adhesive fire extinguishing agent is about a quarter of that of water fire extinguishing.
- the high-efficiency liquid composition fire-extinguishing agent comprises aerogel powder, water, surfactant, fire-extinguishing enhancer, stabilizer and other components.
- the aerogel powder is applied to the fire extinguishing agent, and the aerogel powder interacts with the fire extinguishing enhancer during fire extinguishing, and covers the surface of the substrate to effectively block the heat transfer and prevent the spread of flame and heat.
- the aerogel powder used in the fire extinguishing agent is a hydrophobic powder, which is difficult to disperse uniformly in the fire extinguishing agent, resulting in poor synergistic effect with the fire extinguishing enhancer.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an aerogel fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
- the aerogel fire extinguishing agent has higher fire extinguishing efficiency and better ignition prevention effect.
- an aerogel fire extinguishing agent which is characterized in that it includes modified silica aerogel and silica sol.
- the silica aerogel has an average pore size of 28 nm, a density of 0.043 g/cm 3 , and a thermal conductivity of 0.018 W/(mK).
- the content of the modified silica aerogel is 4-8wt%, based on the sum of the dry matter mass of silica aerogel and polyethyleneimine and the fire extinguishing Calculate the ratio of the mass of the agent.
- the preparation method of the silica aerogel is as follows: adjusting the pH of the sodium silicate solution by dropwise addition of a 2M sulfuric acid solution to ⁇ 9, until the gel phenomenon occurs, and aging at 55 ° C 24h; washed with water 3 times, and then placed in anhydrous ethanol for solvent replacement, the mass ratio of anhydrous ethanol and sodium silicate was 5:1; after suction filtration, drying at atmospheric pressure, drying at programmed temperature, and finally obtained by natural cooling.
- the temperature-programmed mechanism is 80°C/2h+100°C/2h+120°C/2h; the heating rate is 2°C/min.
- the content of SiO 2 in the silica sol is 10-30 wt %; and/or the content of the silica sol is 10-20 wt %.
- the fire extinguishing agent according to the present invention wherein the fire extinguishing agent further comprises cellulose hydroxyethyl ether.
- the content of the cellulose hydroxyethyl ether is 1-3wt%; and/or the viscosity of the 2% aqueous solution of the cellulose hydroxyethyl ether at 20°C is 2600 -3300mpa.s.
- the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above fire extinguishing agent, comprising:
- the beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention not only has higher extinguishing efficiency, but also has better ignition prevention effect.
- the present invention augments the above-mentioned beneficial effects of silica sol by using specific modified silica aerogels and cellulose hydroxyethyl ethers.
- parts are parts by weight and are based on the total weight of the fire extinguishing agent. Temperatures are all expressed in °C or at ambient temperature and pressures are at or near atmospheric. There are many variations and combinations of reaction conditions (eg, component concentrations, desired solvents, solvent mixtures, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction ranges) and conditions that can be used to optimize the purity and yield of products obtained by the process. Only reasonable routine experimentation will be required to optimize such method conditions.
- Silica aerogel was prepared according to the following method: the sodium silicate solution was adjusted to pH ⁇ 9 by dropwise addition of 2M sulfuric acid solution, until the gel phenomenon occurred, aged at 55 °C for 24 h; washed with water 3 times, and then placed in absolute ethanol Carry out solvent replacement, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol and sodium silicate is 5:1; after suction filtration, dry at atmospheric pressure, dry at programmed temperature, and finally cool naturally.
- the temperature-programmed mechanism is 80°C/2h+100°C/2h+120°C/2h; the heating rate is 2°C/min.
- the silica aerogel has an average pore size of 28 nm, a density of 0.043 g/cm 3 , and a thermal conductivity of 0.018 W/(mK).
- the weight ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the silica aerogel is 1:10; the content of the modified silica aerogel is 6 wt %; calculated based on the total weight of the fire extinguishing agent.
- Silica sol and cellulose hydroxyethyl ether are successively added to the modified silica aerogel solution, and the fire extinguishing agent is obtained after uniform dispersion.
- the content of the silica sol is 15wt%; the content of SiO2 in the silica sol is 20wt%; the content of the cellulose hydroxyethyl ether is 2wt%; the fiber
- the viscosity of 2% aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl ether at 20°C is 2600-3300mpa.s.
- the cellulose hydroxyethyl ether was not added, and other conditions were the same as those in Example 1.
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used for testing.
- the ignition time (average value) of the wood strips impregnated with the fire extinguishing agent described in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was measured when they were in direct contact with the flame, and when the fire extinguishing agent flow rate was 0.027kg/s and the wood ignition time was 60s fire extinguishing time. See Table 1 for the results.
- the fire extinguishing agent of Example 1 of the present invention not only has higher extinguishing efficiency, but also has better ignition prevention effect.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
公开了一种气凝胶灭火剂,包括改性二氧化硅气凝胶和二氧化硅溶胶;由以下方法制备:二氧化硅气凝胶加入pH=5的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中分散均匀,得到改性二氧化硅气凝胶溶液;先后加入二氧化硅溶胶和纤维素羟乙基醚,分散均匀。该灭火剂的灭火效率更高,防止引燃效果更好。
Description
本发明属于表面功能材料和消防技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种气凝胶灭火剂及其制备方法。
水作为天然灭火药剂,广泛应用于各种火灾现场的火灾扑救,但由于水的流动性太强等原因,通常情况下,灭火使用的大部分水在与火接触的瞬时,迅速流失,无法真正发挥灭火作用。研究表明,此类灭火剂的灭火效率一般不超过30%。
为此,国内外研究者一直致力于改进水的射流形态,如开花水、喷雾水、水蒸汽等,以提升水的灭火效率;同时,也通过在水中添加防冻剂、润湿剂、增效剂、增粘剂等,提升水的灭火效率。
席雨沁在“纳米SiO
2增粘改性后水雾灭火剂的流动特征及效应”(化工进展,2009,28,P199)一文中添加由60-70%的纳米SiO
2和25%的聚乙烯醇及5%的硅油所组成的增稠剂制备成粘附灭火剂,在相近的流量下,黏附性灭火剂的灭火时间仪是水灭火时的四分之一左右。
苏州同玄新材料有限公司在中国专利申请CN 106310577A中公开了一种含气凝胶材料的高效液态组合物灭火剂、其制法及应用。该高效液态组 合物灭火剂包含气凝胶粉末,水,表面活性剂,灭火增强剂,稳定剂等组分。该发明通过将气凝胶粉应用到灭火剂中,在灭火时气凝胶粉末和灭火增强剂相互作用,覆盖在基底表面,有效的阻隔热量传递,防止火焰的蔓延和热量的传播。然而,该灭火剂所使用的气凝胶剂粉末为疏水性粉末,在灭火剂中难以均匀分散,导致其与灭火增强剂的协同效应不佳。
因而,针对现有技术的上述缺陷,需要寻找一种灭火效率更高且防止引燃效果的气凝胶灭火剂及其制备方法。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明目的在于提供一种气凝胶灭火剂及其制备方法。相对于现有技术,所述气凝胶灭火剂的灭火效率更高,防止引燃效果更好。
为实现上述目的,一方面,本发明采取以下技术方案:一种气凝胶灭火剂,其特征在于,包括改性二氧化硅气凝胶和二氧化硅溶胶。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述二氧化硅气凝胶的平均孔径为28nm;密度为0.043g/cm
3;导热系数为0.018W/(mK)。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述改性二氧化硅气凝胶由二氧化硅气凝胶加入pH=5的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中分散均匀得到。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述改性二氧化硅气凝胶的含量为4-8wt%,基于二氧化硅气凝胶和聚乙烯亚胺干物质质量之和与所述灭火剂质量的比值计算。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述二氧化硅气凝胶的制备方法如下:将硅酸钠溶液通过滴加2M硫酸溶液调节pH≥9,直至凝胶现象产生, 55℃下老化24h;水洗3遍,再置于无水乙醇中进行溶剂置换,无水乙醇与硅酸钠质量比为5:1;抽滤后常压干燥,程序升温干燥,最后自然冷却得到。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述程序升温机制为80℃/2h+100℃/2h+120℃/2h;升温速率为2℃/min。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述聚乙烯亚胺的数均分子量Mn=1800;胺值为19mmol/g;伯胺含量=35mol%;仲胺含量=35mol%;叔胺含量=30mol%;和/或,所述聚乙烯亚胺与二氧化硅气凝胶的重量比为1:(8-12)。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述二氧化硅溶胶中SiO
2含量为10-30wt%;和/或,所述二氧化硅溶胶的含量为10-20wt%。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述灭火剂进一步包括纤维素羟乙基醚。
根据本发明所述的灭火剂,其中,所述纤维素羟乙基醚的含量为1-3wt%;和/或,所述纤维素羟乙基醚在20℃时2%水溶液的粘度为2600-3300mpa.s。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种制备上述灭火剂的方法,包括:
二氧化硅气凝胶加入pH=5的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中分散均匀,得到改性二氧化硅气凝胶溶液;
向其中先后加入二氧化硅溶胶和纤维素羟乙基醚,分散均匀后得到所述灭火剂。
本发明的有益效果是:与现有技术相比,本发明的灭火剂不仅灭火效率更高,而且防止引燃效果更好。
不希望局限于任何理论,本发明通过使用特定的改性二氧化硅气凝胶和纤维素羟乙基醚增加了二氧化硅溶胶的上述有益效果。
下列实施例仅仅是为了向本领域的普通技术人员提供如何制得和评价本发明所述并受权利要求书保护的化合物、组合物、制品、装置和/或方法的完整公开内容和描述,并且旨在仅仅为示例性的,而非旨在限制发明人视为其发明的范围。已做出了努力以确保关于数字(例如数量、温度等)的准确性,但是应当考虑到一些误差和偏差。
除非另外指明,否则份数均为重量份,并且,该重量份是基于灭火剂的总重量计算。温度均以℃表示或处于环境温度下,并且压力为大气压或接近大气压。存在反应条件(例如组分浓度、所需的溶剂、溶剂混合物、温度、压力和其它反应范围)以及可用于优化通过所述方法得到的产物纯度和收率的条件的多种变型形式和组合。将只需要合理的常规实验来优化此类方法条件。
实施例1
按照如下方法制备二氧化硅气凝胶:将硅酸钠溶液通过滴加2M硫酸溶液调节pH≥9,直至凝胶现象产生,55℃下老化24h;水洗3遍,再置于无水乙醇中进行溶剂置换,无水乙醇与硅酸钠质量比为5:1;抽滤后常压 干燥,程序升温干燥,最后自然冷却。所述程序升温机制为80℃/2h+100℃/2h+120℃/2h;升温速率为2℃/min。
所述二氧化硅气凝胶的平均孔径为28nm;密度为0.043g/cm3;导热系数为0.018W/(mK)。
二氧化硅气凝胶加入pH=5的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中分散均匀,得到改性二氧化硅气凝胶溶液;所述聚乙烯亚胺的数均分子量Mn=1800;胺值为19mmol/g;伯胺含量=35mol%;仲胺含量=35mol%;叔胺含量=30mol%。所述聚乙烯亚胺与二氧化硅气凝胶的重量比为1:10;所述改性二氧化硅气凝胶的含量为6wt%;基于灭火剂的总重量计算。
向改性二氧化硅气凝胶溶液中先后加入二氧化硅溶胶和纤维素羟乙基醚,分散均匀后得到所述灭火剂。
在所述灭火剂中,所述二氧化硅溶胶的含量为15wt%;所述二氧化硅溶胶中SiO
2含量为20wt%;所述纤维素羟乙基醚的含量为2wt%;所述纤维素羟乙基醚在20℃时2%水溶液的粘度为2600-3300mpa.s。
比较例1
直接使用二氧化硅气凝胶,但不进行改性,其余条件同实施例1。
比较例2
不加入述纤维素羟乙基醚,其余条件同实施例1。
灭火性能测试
按照席雨沁一文的测试条件,使用实施例1和比较例1-2的灭火剂进行测试。分别测定浸渍实施例1和比较例1-2所述灭火剂的木条在与火焰直接接触时的引燃时间(取平均值)和在灭火剂流量0.027kg/s和木材引燃时间60s时的灭火时间。结果参见表1。
表1
试验 | 引燃时间(s) | 灭火时间(s) |
实施例1 | 372 | 19 |
比较例1 | 296 | 28 |
比较例2 | 325 | 26 |
从表1可以看出,与比较例1-2相比,本发明实施例1的灭火剂不仅灭火效率更高,而且防止引燃效果更好。
应理解,本发明的具体实施方式仅用于阐释本发明的精神和原则,而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明的技术方案作出各种改动、替换、删减、修正或调整,这些等价技术方案同样落于本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种气凝胶灭火剂,其特征在于,包括改性二氧化硅气凝胶和二氧化硅溶胶。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其中,所述二氧化硅气凝胶的平均孔径为28nm;密度为0.043g/cm 3;导热系数为0.018W/(mK);和/或,所述改性二氧化硅气凝胶由二氧化硅气凝胶加入pH=5的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中分散均匀得到。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灭火剂,其中,所述改性二氧化硅气凝胶的含量为4-8wt%,基于二氧化硅气凝胶和聚乙烯亚胺干物质质量之和与所述灭火剂质量的比值计算。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灭火剂,其中,所述二氧化硅气凝胶的制备方法如下:将硅酸钠溶液通过滴加2M硫酸溶液调节pH≥9,直至凝胶现象产生,55℃下老化24h;水洗3遍,再置于无水乙醇中进行溶剂置换,无水乙醇与硅酸钠质量比为5:1;抽滤后常压干燥,程序升温干燥,最后自然冷却得到。
- 根据权利要求4所述的灭火剂,其中,所述程序升温机制为80℃/2h+100℃/2h+120℃/2h;升温速率为2℃/min。
- 根据权利要求2所述的灭火剂,其中,所述聚乙烯亚胺的数均分子量Mn=1800;胺值为19mmol/g;伯胺含量=35mol%;仲胺含量=35mol%;叔胺含量=30mol%;和/或,所述聚乙烯亚胺与二氧化硅气凝胶的重量比为1:(8-12)。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灭火剂,其中,所述二氧化硅溶胶中SiO 2含量为10-30wt%;和/或,所述二氧化硅溶胶的含量为10-20wt%。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灭火剂,其中,所述灭火剂进一步包括纤维素羟乙基醚。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灭火剂,其中,所述纤维素羟乙基醚的含量为1-3wt%;和/或,所述纤维素羟乙基醚在20℃时2%水溶液的粘度为2600-3300mpa.s。
- 一种制备根据权利要求1-9任一项所述灭火剂的方法,包括:二氧化硅气凝胶加入pH=5的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中分散均匀,得到改性二氧化硅气凝胶溶液;向其中先后加入二氧化硅溶胶和纤维素羟乙基醚,分散均匀后得到根据权利要求1-9任一项所述灭火剂。
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CN106310577A (zh) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-11 | 苏州同玄新材料有限公司 | 含气凝胶材料的高效液态组合物灭火剂、其制法及应用 |
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