WO2022025298A1 - 組換えワクシニアウイルス - Google Patents
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- WO2022025298A1 WO2022025298A1 PCT/JP2021/029240 JP2021029240W WO2022025298A1 WO 2022025298 A1 WO2022025298 A1 WO 2022025298A1 JP 2021029240 W JP2021029240 W JP 2021029240W WO 2022025298 A1 WO2022025298 A1 WO 2022025298A1
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
- C12N2770/00011—Details
- C12N2770/20011—Coronaviridae
- C12N2770/20034—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a recombinant vaccinia virus or the like as a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2.
- the immunity induced by cold coronavirus infection decreases or disappears in a relatively short period of one or two years after infection, and the infection is repeated periodically. Therefore, at present, many human beings do not have immunity to SARS-CoV-2, immunity declines in a short period of time even in patients who have been affected once, and it can continue to spread all over the world. Considering this, it is essential to develop a COVID-19 preventive vaccine (vaccine for SARS-CoV-2) that can strongly induce immunity and maintain immunity for a long period of time.
- Non-patent Document 1 MedRxiv, 2020 (Fan Wu et al., Neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 protected patient coordinate. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2020.03.33.00047365. )
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and provides the following recombinant vaccinia virus, pharmaceutical composition, and the like.
- the cDNA encoding the nonstructural protein is a cDNA encoding the ORF1b region (nonstructural protein gene region encoding a protein essential for viral replication) in the nonstructural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2.
- A DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- B DNA having 80% or more identity with DNA having a base sequence complementary to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and encoding a nonstructural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2.
- C DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3
- D DNA having 80% or more identity with DNA having a base sequence complementary to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and encoding a nonstructural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2.
- (5) The recombinant vaccinia virus according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the cDNA encoding the structural protein contains a cDNA encoding a spike protein in the structural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2.
- a recombinant vaccinia virus as a COVID-19 preventive vaccine (vaccine for SARS-CoV-2) that can be used clinically, a pharmaceutical composition using the same, and the like.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention is extremely useful for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 infection as a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 that can strongly induce immunity and maintain immunity for a long period of time. be.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention can maintain stability as a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 even at room temperature, and the temperature during storage and transportation thereof is room temperature even when refrigerated. It is also good and has excellent practicality.
- SUMS2 isolated strain of Shiga Medical University
- S protein spike protein
- QHN001 UK
- the type mutant strain is an amino acid substitution mutation of “N501Y, D614G” in the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2
- TY7-501 Brainzilian type mutant strain
- the amino acid substitution mutation of "K414T, E484K, N501Y, D614G” was made in the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2.
- TY8-612 South African type mutant strain
- TY8-612 South African mutant strain
- RBD region K417N, E484K, N501Y
- N-terminal region D80A, D215G
- Subdomin 1 region in the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. : D614G
- S2 region: A701V has been mutated and the amino acids 242 to 244 (Leu-Ala-Leu) have been deleted.
- the present inventor As a candidate for the COVID-19 preventive vaccine (Valve for SARS-CoV-2), the present inventor 1) exposed to the surface of virus particles based on the results of the SARS vaccine (Figs. 1 and 3) and into cells.
- Recombinant vaccines antibody-induced and T-cell-induced types
- S protein spike protein
- Fig. 2 Recombinant vaccines (antibody-induced and T-cell-induced types) that express the spike protein (S protein), which is important for adsorption and infection, and 2) the region with the highest gene sequence homology on the coronavirus genome (Zhou et. al., Nature. 2020 Mar; 579 (7798): 270-273)) (Fig. 2), a gene recombination expressing a non-structural protein gene region (ORF1b) encoding a protein essential for viral replication.
- ORF1b non-structural protein gene region
- SARS-CoV-specific immunity could be induced in rabbits vaccinated with smallpox vaccine in the same manner as inoculation in unsensitized rabbits (Masahiro Kitabatake et al., Vaccine, 25: 630-637 (Masahiro Kitabatake et al., Vaccine, 25: 630-637).
- the recombinant vaccinia virus is also effective for the elderly people who are in the COVID-19 aggravation risk group and have a history of vaccination with smallpox vaccine.
- the present inventors have developed a non-normal mammalian cell acclimatized with chicken fibroblasts (CEF) by Dr. Isamu Tagaya of the National Institute of Preventive Health for the purpose of ensuring higher safety.
- CEF chicken fibroblasts
- the SARS-S vaccine using the DIs strain was also able to protect against SARS-CoV infection (Koji Ishii et al., Virology, 351 (2): 368-380, 2006).
- the present inventors are also proceeding with the development of recombinant avian influenza vaccines (rDIs-H5 HA and rDIs-H7 HA) expressing the H5 subtype and H7 type hemagglutinin (HA) protein genes of the DIs mother, and after vaccination. It was demonstrated that the onset protective effect is exhibited in a short period of one week, and that the immunity once given shows a long-term immunity-sustaining effect that can be said to be lifelong immunity in a mouse model. Based on these findings, recombinant vaccinia virus (vaccinia vaccine) capable of expressing SARS-CoV-2 viral structural protein gene and nonstructural protein gene was prepared (FIGS. 4 and 5).
- the gene contained in the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention can be obtained by a conventional genetic engineering method.
- a nucleic acid synthesis method using a DNA synthesizer which is generally used as a genetic engineering method, can be used.
- a PCR method in which a primer specific to each gene is designed after isolating or synthesizing a gene sequence as a template and the gene sequence is amplified using a PCR device, or a gene amplification method using a cloning vector. Can be used. Any person skilled in the art can perform the above method according to "Molecular cloning 4th Edt. Cold Spring Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (2012)" or the like. A known method can be used to purify the obtained PCR product.
- the gene DNA encoding the nonstructural protein region or the structural protein region in the entire gene region of SARS-CoV-2 is used for the production of recombinant vaccinia virus.
- the nonstructural protein region is a region composed of ORF1a, ORF1b, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, and ORF10 region, and in the present invention, for example, it is preferable to select and use the ORF1b region.
- the structural protein region is a region composed of spike (S), envelope (E), integral membrane (M), and nucleoprotein (N) regions. In the present invention, for example, the spike (S) protein region is used. It is preferable to select and use it.
- the nucleotide sequence DNA encoding the ORF1b region in the nonstructural protein region derived from SARS-CoV-2 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the S protein in the structural protein region derived from SARS-CoV-2 is shown.
- the base sequence DNA encoding the region is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the mutant DNA of the base sequence DNA encoding the ORF1b region in order to increase the gene expression efficiency in the recombinant vaccinia virus, 6 bases in the base sequence DNA encoding the ORF1b region are replaced with other bases.
- the substituted one is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the nucleotide sequence encoding the S protein region is represented by a mutant DNA of the DNA (the nucleotide sequence encoding the S protein region in order to increase the gene expression efficiency in the recombinant vaccinia virus).
- the DNA in which 8 bases are replaced with other bases is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7.
- the following DNAs can also be used in the present invention.
- DNA that hybridizes with DNA consisting of a base sequence complementary to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 under stringent conditions and encodes a nonstructural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 (mutant DNA in the ORF1b region).
- DNA (described above in the ORF1b region, which hybridizes with DNA having a base sequence complementary to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 under stringent conditions and encodes a nonstructural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2). Mutant DNA in the region to which a base substitution mutation has been added).
- encoding a nonstructural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 means encoding a protein produced in a cell when a virus proliferates.
- the gene encoding the nonstructural protein includes not only the full-length sequence but also a part of the sequence.
- encoding the structural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 means encoding the protein constituting the outer shell of the virus.
- the gene encoding the structural protein includes not only the full-length sequence but also a part of the sequence.
- the above-mentioned mutant DNA can be obtained by chemical synthesis, or colony hybridization, plaque hybridization, using DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 5 or 7 or a fragment thereof as a probe. It can be obtained from a DNA library and a genomic library by a known hybridization method such as Southern blot. Further, as stringent conditions in the above hybridization, for example, conditions of 0.1 ⁇ SSC to 10 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% to 1.0% SDS and 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. can be mentioned in more detail. The condition is that after prehybridization at 37 ° C. to 56 ° C.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any known method can be adopted.
- the nonstructural protein region (ORF1b region, etc.) of SARS-CoV-2 or the like is inserted into a desired expression vector (plasmid) (for example, DIs strain homologous recombinant vector (plasmid) (Koji Ishii et al. Virology 2006)).
- plasmid for example, DIs strain homologous recombinant vector (plasmid) (Koji Ishii et al. Virology 2006)
- vaccinia virus strain for example, attenuated vaccinia virus DIs strain
- homologous recombination is induced in the genome of vaccinia virus, and the nonstructural protein of SARS-CoV-2 is generated.
- a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the desired region of the structural protein can be prepared.
- the expression vector is not particularly limited, but for example, a pSMART® vector having a DIs strain homologous gene sequence region can be used, and the expression promoter contained in the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention can be used.
- Various expression promoters for example, mH5 promoter, etc.
- mH5 promoter, etc. that have been used for expression of the vaccinia virus gene can be used.
- the above-mentioned attenuated vaccinia virus DIs strain is highly attenuated with a host region gene defect established by the 1-day egg passage method from the Dalian strain (DIE), which was a vaccine for smallpox, and is highly attenuated. It can only be propagated in Virusblast (CEF) cells and was developed by Dr. Isamu Tagaya of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (currently National Institute of Infectious Diseases) (Tagaya et al. Nature, 192: 381-382, 1961). Large-scale gene deletion prevents proliferation in most mammalian cells such as mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and humans. Therefore, even if an immunocompromised / immunosuppressed patient is inoculated, the safety is guaranteed.
- the prepared recombinant vaccinia virus was subjected to PCR using the viral genome as a template with a primer specific to the nonstructural protein region gene or structural protein region gene of SARS-CoV-2, and the desired nonstructural protein region or structural protein region was obtained. Gene transfer can be confirmed.
- the expression of the desired nonstructural protein or structural protein can be confirmed by Western blotting using animal cells after infection with the prepared recombinant vaccinia virus as a sample.
- the antibody in Western blotting is, for example, a commercially available antibody that specifically recognizes a desired non-structural protein region or structural protein region, or protein G from antiserum prepared by immunizing the SARS-CoV-2 polypeptide. Purified IgG can be used.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention has high temperature stability, and is, for example, SARS-CoV even at room temperature (including, but not limited to, a range of 10 to 40 ° C, usually preferably 10 to 20 ° C).
- -It can maintain the stability as a vaccine for -2. Therefore, the vaccinia virus, the pharmaceutical composition described later, and the like may be stored and transported at a temperature of refrigeration or room temperature, and are excellent in practicality and convenience.
- the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition containing the recombinant vaccinia virus, more specifically, new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).
- new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
- pharmaceutical compositions as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for infectious diseases (COVID-19).
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be introduced into a living body by any known method, for example, injection by intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intradermal or subcutaneous injection, inhalation through the nasal cavity, oral cavity or lung, or oral administration.
- an existing antiviral drug for example, interferon.
- the mode of concomitant use is not particularly limited, and the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention and an existing antiviral drug can be administered at the same time, or by a method in which one is administered and the other is administered after a certain period of time. It can also be introduced into a living body.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises known pharmaceutically acceptable carriers such as excipients, bulking agents, binders and lubricants, buffers, tonicity agents, chelating agents, coloring agents and preservatives. , Fragrances, flavors, sweeteners and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a parenteral preparation such as tablets, capsules, powders, granules, pills, liquids, syrups and other oral administrations, injections, external preparations, suppositories, eye drops, nasal drops and the like. Oral administration or parenteral administration can be performed depending on the form of the administration agent and the like. Preferably, local injection into the skin, muscle, abdominal cavity, etc. is exemplified.
- the dose is appropriately selected depending on the type of active ingredient, route of administration, administration target, age, body weight, sex, symptoms and other conditions of the patient, but the daily dose of recombinant vaccinia virus is oral. It is about 1000 to 1000000000 PFU (plaque forming units), preferably about 100,000 to 100,000,000 PFU, and in the case of parenteral, it is about 100 to 1000,000,000 PFU (plaque forming units), preferably about 1000 to 100,000,000 PFU.
- the virus can be administered once a day or in several divided doses.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention can be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine for COVID-19, but it is preferable to measure the antibody titer or cell-mediated immune activity as a vaccine in advance.
- the antibody titer against the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention or the parent strain DIS is obtained by inoculating these virus strains into mice, rabbits, etc., and then collecting serum over time to obtain the SARS-CoV-2 protein in the serum. It can be obtained by measuring an ELISA value, a LIPS (lucifase immunoprescription system) value, or the like.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention or the parent strain DIs strain is inoculated into mice, and then spleen cells are isolated from the immunized mice to obtain a non-structural protein of SARS-CoV-2.
- a non-structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 Whether or not CD4 positive and CD8 positive cells specific to structural proteins are induced and activated can be measured by FACS or ELISPOT assay.
- CD4 and CD8 antigen-specifically activated by co-culturing BALB / c mouse-derived spleen cells immunized with the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention with a target cell expressing a nonstructural protein or a structural protein. Positive T cells can be detected.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus according to the present invention can induce cell-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2, and in particular, a recombinant vaccinia virus capable of expressing a SARS-CoV-2-derived nonstructural protein (preferably ORF1b). The effect is remarkable in.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus according to the present invention can induce a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2, and in particular, a recombinant capable of expressing a structural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 (preferably S protein). Its effect is remarkable in the vaccinia virus.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus (vaccine for SARS-CoV-2) according to the present invention accompanies mutations in SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV-2, which is the direct target of the vaccinia virus. It can be a vaccine with a wide range of cross-reactivity that can respond to antigenic changes. That is, in the pharmaceutical composition which is a therapeutic agent and a preventive agent for SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease and the vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 according to the present invention, SARS-CoV-2 has a base sequence and an amino acid sequence thereof. Also included are so-called mutant strains having arbitrary mutations such as substitutions, deletions, and additions.
- SARS-CoV-2 mutant strain examples include SUMS2 (Shiga University of Medical Science isolate), QHN001 (UK type mutant strain), TY7-501 (Brazilian type mutant strain), TY8-612 (South African type mutant strain) and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus according to the present invention can also be used as a pan-CoV infectious disease preventive vaccine showing a protective effect against an unknown new coronavirus (CoV) that may appear in the future. ..
- Nonstructural protein 1b (ORF1b) gene region nCoV-Japan-1b (8198bp) (SEQ ID NO: 1)
- Nonstructural protein 1b (ORF1b) gene region mnCoV-Japan-1b GND (8198bp) (SEQ ID NO: 3)
- Peplomer protein gene region nCoV-Japan-S (3926bp) (SEQ ID NO: 5)
- mnCoV-Japan-S (3926bp) (SEQ ID NO: 7)
- the gene represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is a wild-type ORF1b gene
- the gene represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 is a wild-type spike protein gene.
- the genes represented by SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 7 are mutant genes optimized for improving gene expression efficiency in vaccinia virus based on the genes represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5, respectively.
- the mutant gene represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 is the T (thymine) at positions 2445, 2448, 4998, 5001 and 6000 of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Is substituted with C (cytosine), and the 2539th G (guanine) is substituted with A (alanine) (a total of 6 base substitutions have been made).
- the mutant gene shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 is the 99th, 102nd, 2364th, 2376th, 3213th, 3216th, 3417th, and 3417th base sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the 3420th T (thymine) is substituted with C (cytosine) (a total of 8 base substitutions).
- the genes represented by SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 7 were used for the establishment of recombinant vaccinia virus.
- RIs-1b-GND is a recombinant vaccinia virus obtained by using a vector (pSMART-DIs-L3-mnCoV-Japan-1b GND-GPTF) into which the gene represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 is inserted. It may also be referred to as "rDIs-mnCoV-1b-GND”.
- RIs-S is a recombinant vaccinia virus obtained by using a vector (pSMART-DIs-L3-mnCoV-Japan-S-GPTF) in which the gene represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 is inserted, and is "rDIs-”.
- mnCoV-S sometimes referred to as "mnCoV-S”.
- ⁇ Reaction solution composition > Water (RNase free) 8.5 ⁇ L 4x Reaction mix 5 ⁇ L Forward Primer (10 ⁇ M) 1 ⁇ L Reverse Primer (10 ⁇ M) 1 ⁇ L Probe (10 ⁇ M) 0.5 ⁇ L RNA sample 4 ⁇ L Final reaction volume 20 ⁇ L
- a vaccine against the ORF1b nonstructural protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 can be an effective prophylactic vaccine that induces cell-mediated immunity.
- a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2-derived peplomers can be an effective prophylactic vaccine for inducing neutralizing antibodies (FIG. 10).
- Human ACE2-expressing transgenic mice (hACE2-expressing Tg mice) were inoculated with rDIs-1b-GND, and the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response in the mice was analyzed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, rDIs-1b-GEND or DIS (control) was inoculated twice at 3-week intervals, and one week later, attack infection with SARS-CoV-2 was performed, and 6 days after the infection. Antigen-specific T cell activation against SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed by interferon gamma ELISpot assay.
- rDIs-S The efficacy and safety of rDIs-S were evaluated using cynomolgus monkeys. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 13, rDIs-S or DIS (control) was intradermally inoculated into cynomolgus monkeys twice at 3-week intervals, and one week later, attack infection with SARS-CoV-2 was performed, and infection 7 was performed. Autopsy was performed a day later.
- each evaluation content and its result will be described in (1) to (5).
- Viral load in nasal swab Infectious virus was detected up to 7 days after infection in the DIS inoculated group. In the rDIs-S inoculated group, it was detected only 1 day after infection and then rapidly eliminated. In 1 of 4 animals in the rDIs-S inoculated group, it was below the detection limit even 1 day after infection (Fig. 15A). Viral load in airway wipes: In the DIS-inoculated group, infectious virus was detected in 1 of 4 animals up to 7 days after infection. In the rDIs-S inoculated group, 2 out of 4 animals were below the detection limit even 1 day after infection, and even 2 animals detected were significantly lower (FIG. 15B).
- the antibody-inducing ability of rDIs-S was evaluated using C57BL / 6J mice. The contents of each evaluation and the results thereof will be described below in (1) and (2).
- the neutralizing antibody titer against SARS-CoV-2 (TY / WK-521: early epidemic strain) was evaluated by the plaque reduction neutralization test method. Specifically, the serum was diluted 10-fold with a medium and then further diluted 4-fold. 50 ⁇ L of 10-fold, 40-fold, 160-fold, 640-fold, 256-fold, and 10240-fold diluted serum and 50 PFU / 50 ⁇ L virus solutions were mixed and reacted at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, respectively.
- a stepwise diluted serum / virus mixed solution (100 ⁇ L) was inoculated into VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and adsorbed for 1 hour. After removing the solution and washing the cells with the medium, a medium containing 0.6% agarose was added and cultured for 48 hours. When the number of plaques formed in the serum-free sample after 48 hours was set to 100%, the reciprocal of the serum dilution rate at which the number of plaques was halved by the addition of serum was calculated as "50% neutralization titer". As shown in FIG.
- Example 3 Using plasma samples of crab monkeys inoculated with rDIs-S (intradermally inoculated twice at 3-week intervals) in Example 3, the early epidemic strain (TY / WK-521) and mutant strain (SUMS2) of SARS-CoV-2. : Neutralizing antibody titer against Shiga University of Medical Science isolate, QHN001: UK type mutant strain, TY7-501: Brazilian type mutant strain) was measured by the TCID50 method. In this example, at the time of booster immunization 3 weeks after the initial rDIs-S inoculation (day-7 in the graph of FIG. 23), at the time of SARS-CoV-2 attack infection (day0 in the graph of FIG. 23), and at autopsy. Plasma collected in (day 7 in the graph of FIG. 23) was used. As shown in FIG. 23, it was found that the neutralizing antibody was induced for the early epidemic strain and any mutant strain by inoculating the vaccine twice.
- hACE2-expressing Tg mice were inoculated twice at 3-week intervals with rDIs-S or DIS (control), and 100 PFU SARS-CoV-2 South African mutant (TY8-612) was trans-airway infected 1 week after booster immunization. rice field. Survival rates were observed daily and autopsy was performed 7 days after infection. As shown in FIG. 24, in the DIs inoculation (control) group, 2 out of 4 animals died, but in the rDIs-S inoculation group, all 5 animals survived. The onset protective effect of rDIs-S inoculation was also confirmed for the mutant strain (TY8-612).
- the recombinant vaccinia virus as a COVID-19 preventive vaccine (vaccine for SARS-CoV-2) according to the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition using the same, etc. strongly induce immunity and maintain immunity for a long period of time.
- vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 it is extremely useful for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 infection.
- the recombinant vaccinia virus of the present invention can maintain stability as a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 even at room temperature, and the temperature during storage and transportation thereof is room temperature even when refrigerated. It is also good and has excellent practicality.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Synthetic DNA SEQ ID NO: 4: Synthetic construct SEQ ID NO: 7: Synthetic DNA SEQ ID NO: 8: Synthetic construct SEQ ID NO: 10: Synthetic DNA SEQ ID NO: 11: Synthetic DNA SEQ ID NO: 12: Synthetic DNA SEQ ID NO: 13: Synthetic DNA
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Abstract
Description
ところで、COVID−19の快復者の約30%ではウイルス排除後においても免疫誘導が不十分であるため(非特許文献1)、SARS−CoV−2の再感染リスクが懸念される。一方で、風邪コロナウイルス感染で誘導される免疫は、感染後1、2年という比較的短期間で低下・消失し、周期的に感染が繰り返される。よって、現状では人類の多くはSARS−CoV−2に対する免疫を有していないこと、一度罹患した患者においても短期間のうちに免疫が低下してしまうこと、今後も世界中で蔓延し続け得ることを考えると、強力に免疫を誘導し、かつ長期間免疫を維持できる、COVID−19予防ワクチン(SARS−CoV−2用ワクチン)の開発が必須である。
非特許文献1:MedRxiv,2020(Fan Wu et al.,Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS−CoV−2 in a COVID−19 recovered patient cohort and their implications.,medRxiv preprint doi:
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047365.)
(1)SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質又は構造タンパク質をコードするcDNAの全部又は一部と、発現プロモーターとを含む、組換えワクシニアウイルス。
(2)ワクシニアウイルスがDIs株である、上記(1)に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
(3)前記非構造タンパク質をコードするcDNAが、SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質中のORF1b領域(ウイルス複製に必須なタンパク質をコードしている非構造タンパク質遺伝子領域)をコードするcDNAを含むものである、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
(a)配列番号1に示す塩基配列からなるDNA
(b)配列番号1に示す塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上の同一性を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質をコードするDNA
(c)配列番号3に示す塩基配列からなるDNA
(d)配列番号3に示す塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上の同一性を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質をコードするDNA
(5)前記構造タンパク質をコードするcDNAが、SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質中のスパイクタンパク質をコードするcDNAを含むものである、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
(a)配列番号5に示す塩基配列からなるDNA
(b)配列番号5に示す塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上の同一性を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質をコードするDNA
(c)配列番号7に示す塩基配列からなるDNA
(d)配列番号7に示す塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上の同一性を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質をコードするDNA
(7)室温下においても安定性を保持し得るものである、上記(1)~(6)のいずれか1つに記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
(8)上記(1)~(7)のいずれか1つに記載の組換えワクシニアウイルスを含む、医薬組成物。
(10)SARS−CoV−2感染症の治療薬である、上記(8)に記載の医薬組成物。
(11)上記(1)~(7)のいずれか1つに記載の組換えワクシニアウイルスを含む、SARS−CoV−2用ワクチン。
発明の効果
新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID−19)に対する予防ワクチンとして、天然痘ワクチンであるワクシニアウイルスを馴化し高度弱毒化したDIs株に、SARS−CoV−2由来の遺伝子を導入した遺伝子組換え生ワクチンの開発と早期実用化を目的とする。ワクシニアウイルスを母体に用いることによって、ワクチン接種後、短期間でSARS−CoV−2に対する免疫を強力に誘導でき、付与された免疫が長期に渡って持続し、かつ抗原変異にも対応可能な幅広い交差反応性を持つ免疫の誘導が期待できる。
SARS−CoV−2のタンパク質をコードしているすべての遺伝子、外殻タンパク質領域をコードする遺伝子、及び複製に関与している非構造タンパク質領域をコードする遺伝子の情報としては、具体的には、SARS−CoV−2 ウイルス株:hCoV−19/Japan/AI/I−004/2020の遺伝子配列情報(配列番号9)が、NCBIのウェブサイト(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)において、GenBankアクセッション番号:LC521925として登録されている。
配列番号3に示す塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上、90%以上、95%以上、98%以上又は99%以上の同一性(相同性)を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質をコードするDNA(ORF1b領域中に前述の塩基置換変異を加えた領域の変異型DNA)。
配列番号7に示す塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上、90%以上、95%以上、98%以上又は99%以上の同一性(相同性)を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質をコードするDNA(Sタンパク質領域中に前述の塩基置換変異を加えた領域の変異型DNA)。
配列番号3に示す塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質をコードするDNA(ORF1b領域中に前述の塩基置換変異を加えた領域の変異型DNA)。
配列番号7に示す塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質をコードするDNA(Sタンパク質領域中に前述の塩基置換変異を加えた領域の変異型DNA)。
また、「SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質をコードする」とは、ウイルスの外殻を構成するタンパク質をコードすることを意味する。また、上記構造タンパク質をコードする遺伝子には、全長配列のほか、その一部の配列も含まれる。
また、所望の非構造タンパク質又は構造タンパク質の発現は、作製した組換えワクシニアウイルスを感染させた後の動物細胞をサンプルとして、ウエスタンブロット法により確認することができる。なお、ウエスタンブロット法における抗体は、例えば、所望の非構造タンパク質領域又は構造タンパク質領域を特異的に認識する市販の抗体や、SARS−CoV−2ポリペプチドを免疫して作製した抗血清からProtein GによりIgGを精製したものを使用することができる。
本発明の組換えワクシニアウイルスは、温度安定性が高いものであり、例えば、室温下(限定はされないが、10~40℃の範囲を含み、通常10~20℃が好ましい。)でもSARS−CoV−2用ワクチンとしての安定性を保持し得るものである。従って、当該ワクシニアウイルスや後述する医薬組成物等は、その保存及び輸送時の温度が冷蔵の温度であっても室温であってもよく、実用性、利便性に優れたものである。
本発明は、上記組換えワクシニアウイルスを含む医薬組成物、より具体的には、新型コロナウイルス(SARS−CoV−2)感染症(COVID−19)の予防薬および治療薬としての医薬組成物を提供する。
本発明の医薬組成物は、あらゆる公知の方法、例えば、筋肉、腹腔内、皮内又は皮下等の注射、あるいは鼻腔、口腔又は肺からの吸入、経口投与により生体に導入することができる。さらに、本発明の医薬組成物に含まれる組換えワクシニアウイルスと、既存の抗ウイルス薬(例えばインターフェロン)を併用することも可能である。併用の態様は特に限定されるものではなく、本発明の組換えワクシニアウイルスと既存の抗ウイルス薬とを同時に投与することもできるし、一方を投与後、一定時間経過後に他方を投与する方法により生体に導入することもできる。
本発明の医薬組成物は、錠剤、カプセル剤、散剤、顆粒剤、丸剤、液剤、シロップ剤等の経口投与剤、注射剤、外用剤、坐剤、点眼剤、点鼻剤等の非経口投与剤などの形態に応じて、経口投与又は非経口投与することができる。好ましくは、皮内、筋肉、腹腔等への局部注射等が例示される。
例えば、本発明の組換えワクシニアウイルス、または親株であるDIs株に対する抗体価は、これらのウイルス株をマウス、ウサギ等に接種後、経時的に血清を回収し、血清のSARS−CoV−2タンパク質に対するELISA価やLIPS(luciferase immunoprecipitation system)価等を測定することで得ることができる。これにより接種個体でのSARS−CoV−2の遺伝子発現及び免疫応答の有無を確認できる。本発明の組換えワクシニアウイルスを接種したマウス血清は、接種1週間後からSARS−CoV−2タンパク質に対する抗体価の上昇が認められ得るものである。
さらに、本発明に係る組換えワクシニアウイルス(SARS−CoV−2用ワクチン)は、当該ワクシニアウイルスが本来直接対象とするSARS−CoV−2に対してはもちろん、SARS−CoV−2の変異に伴う抗原性変化にも対応し得る幅広い交差反応性を持つワクチンとなり得る。すなわち、本発明に係る、SARS−CoV−2感染症の治療薬及び予防薬である医薬組成物、及びSARS−CoV−2用ワクチンにおいて、SARS−CoV−2としては、その塩基配列やアミノ酸配列に置換、欠失、付加等の任意の変異を有する、いわゆる変異株も含まれる。SARS−CoV−2変異株としては、例えば、SUMS2(滋賀医科大学分離株)、QHN001(UK型変異株)、TY7−501(ブラジル型変異株)、TY8−612(南アフリカ型変異株)等が挙げられる。
また、本発明に係る組換えワクシニアウイルスは、今後出現する可能性がある未知の新型コロナウイルス(CoV)に対しても防御効果を示す、汎CoV感染症予防ワクチンとしても利用され得るものである。
(1)SARS−CoV−2ウイルス構造タンパク質遺伝子及び非構造タンパク質遺伝子組換えワクシニアワクチンの作製
(i)遺伝子組換えに用いるSARS−CoV−2ウイルス株の選択
SARS−CoV−2ウイルス株:hCoV−19/Japan/AI/I−004/2020の遺伝子配列情報(GenBankアクセッション番号:LC521925)(配列番号9)を基にし、下記の4種類の遺伝子を合成した。
・非構造タンパク質1b(ORF1b)遺伝子領域mnCoV−Japan−1b GND(8198bp) (配列番号3)
・スパイクタンパク質遺伝子領域nCoV−Japan−S(3926bp) (配列番号5)
・スパイクタンパク質遺伝子領域mnCoV−Japan−S(3926bp) (配列番号7)
他方、配列番号3及び7で示される遺伝子は、それぞれ、配列番号1及び5で示される遺伝子に基づいて、ワクシニアウイルスでの遺伝子発現効率が向上するように最適化した変異型の遺伝子である。
具体的には、配列番号3で示される変異型遺伝子は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列の第2445番目、第2448番目、第4998番目、第5001番目、及び第6000番目のT(チミン)が、C(シトシン)に置換され、かつ、第2539番目のG(グアニン)が、A(アラニン)に置換されたもの(計6箇所の塩基置換がされたもの)である。
本実施例においては、上記4種類の遺伝子のうち、配列番号3及び7で示される遺伝子を、組換えワクシニアウイルスの樹立に用いた。
2種類の合成遺伝子(配列番号3及び7で示される遺伝子)を、DIs組換えワクチン作製用の組換えベクター:pSMART−DIs−L3(配列番号10)へ挿入した(図6,7)。これらの組換えベクターを用いて組換えワクシニアウイルス(rDIs−1b−GND、rDIs−S)の樹立(図4)を進めた。「rDIs−1b−GND」は、配列番号3で示される遺伝子を挿入したベクター(pSMART−DIs−L3−mnCoV−Japan−1b GND−GPTF)を用いて得られる組換えワクシニアウイルスのことであり、「rDIs−mnCoV−1b−GND」と称されることもある。「rDIs−S」は、配列番号7で示される遺伝子を挿入したベクター(pSMART−DIs−L3−mnCoV−Japan−S−GPTF)を用いて得られる組換えワクシニアウイルスのことであり、「rDIs−mnCoV−S」と称されることもある。
(i)ORF1b非構造タンパク質遺伝子組換えDIs(rDIs−1b−GND)に挿入された遺伝子配列を確認した後、mRNAが発現していることをReal−Time Detection polymerase chain reaction(RTD−PCR)法で確認し(図8)、ORF1b構成タンパク質が発現していることをウエスタンブロット法で確認した(図11B)。
上記RTD−PCRに用いたプライマー・プローブ、反応液組成、反応条件は、以下の通りである。
水(RNase free) 8.5μL
4x Reaction mix 5μL
Forward Primer(10μM) 1μL
Reverse Primer(10μM) 1μL
Probe(10μM) 0.5μL
RNA sample 4μL
Final reaction volume 20μL
(1)ORF1b非構造タンパク質遺伝子組換えDIs(rDIs−1b−GND)に挿入された遺伝子配列を確認した後、mRNAが発現していることをReal−Time Detection polymerase chain reaction(RTD−PCR)法で確認した(図8)。12クローン中10クローンで良好なmRNA発現が確認された。また、rDIs−1b−GNDにおいて、ORF1b構成タンパク質が発現していることがウエスタンブロット法で確認された(図11B)。
SARS−CoV−2由来ORF1b非構造タンパク質に対するワクチン(rDIs−1b−GND)は細胞性免疫を誘導する有効な予防ワクチンとなり得る。また、SARS−CoV−2由来スパイクタンパク質に対するワクチン(rDIs−S)は中和抗体を誘導する有効な予防ワクチンとなり得る(図10)。
その結果、rDIs−1b−GND接種群でSARS−CoV−2特異的なT細胞(ORF1b抗原(RdRp)特異的T細胞)の活性化(インターフェロンγの産生)が認められた(図12)。
鼻腔拭い液中のウイルス量:DIs接種群では、感染7日後まで感染性ウイルスが検出された。rDIs−S接種群では、感染1日後にのみ検出され、その後速やかに排除された。rDIs−S接種群の4頭中1頭では、感染1日後でも検出限界以下であった(図15A)。
気道拭い液中のウイルス量:DIs接種群では、4頭中1頭で感染7日後まで感染性ウイルスが検出された。rDIs−S接種群では、4頭中2頭では、感染1日後でも検出限界以下であり、検出された2頭でも顕著に低値であった(図15B)。
図19に示すとおり、rDIs−S又はDIs(コントロール)をhACE2発現Tgマウスに3週間隔で2回接種し、その1週間後にSARS−CoV−2による攻撃感染実験を行った。DIs接種個体では、急激な体重変化に伴い、死亡したが、rDIs−S接種個体では、殆ど体重減少を認めず、100%の生存率を示した(図19)。
図20に示すとおり、rDIs−S又はDIs(コントロール)をC57BL/6マウスに3週間隔で2回接種し、その1週間後にSARS−CoV−2のSタンパク質で刺激した脾細胞及び未刺激脾細胞の1:1混合液を当該マウスに静脈内移入した。翌日、脾臓を採取し、細胞移入個体内での抗原刺激細胞の排除効果について、フローサイトメトリー法を用いて解析した。DIs接種個体では、Sタンパク質ペプチド刺激細胞を排除できないが、rDIs−S接種個体では、Sタンパク質由来ペプチド刺激細胞を速やかに排除できた(図20)。このことから、rDIs−Sによる、SARS−CoV−2のSタンパク質特異的細胞障害性T細胞の誘導が確認された。
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配列番号4:合成コンストラクト
配列番号7:合成DNA
配列番号8:合成コンストラクト
配列番号10:合成DNA
配列番号11:合成DNA
配列番号12:合成DNA
配列番号13:合成DNA
Claims (11)
- SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質又は構造タンパク質をコードするcDNAの全部又は一部と、発現プロモーターとを含む、組換えワクシニアウイルス。
- ワクシニアウイルスがDIs株である、請求項1に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
- 前記非構造タンパク質をコードするcDNAが、SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質中のORF1b領域をコードするcDNAを含むものである、請求項1又は2に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
- 前記非構造タンパク質をコードするcDNAが、以下の(a)~(d)のいずれかのDNAである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
(a)配列番号1に示す塩基配列からなるDNA
(b)配列番号1に示す塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上の同一性を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質をコードするDNA
(c)配列番号3に示す塩基配列からなるDNA
(d)配列番号3に示す塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上の同一性を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の非構造タンパク質をコードするDNA - 前記構造タンパク質をコードするcDNAが、SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質中のスパイクタンパク質をコードするcDNAを含むものである、請求項1又は2に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
- 前記構造タンパク質をコードするcDNAが、以下の(a)~(d)のいずれかのDNAである、請求項1、2又は5に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
(a)配列番号5に示す塩基配列からなるDNA
(b)配列番号5に示す塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上の同一性を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質をコードするDNA
(c)配列番号7に示す塩基配列からなるDNA
(d)配列番号7に示す塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAと80%以上の同一性を有し、かつ、SARS−CoV−2由来の構造タンパク質をコードするDNA - 室温下においても安定性を保持し得るものである、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルス。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルスを含む、医薬組成物。
- SARS−CoV−2感染症の予防薬である、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- SARS−CoV−2感染症の治療薬である、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の組換えワクシニアウイルスを含む、SARS−CoV−2用ワクチン。
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Cited By (1)
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WO2024130198A3 (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2024-07-25 | Conagen Inc. | Novel tryptophanases from streptomyces with novel properties and the uses thereof |
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