WO2022024520A1 - Ptfe粉末、電極の製造方法、及び電極 - Google Patents
Ptfe粉末、電極の製造方法、及び電極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022024520A1 WO2022024520A1 PCT/JP2021/019501 JP2021019501W WO2022024520A1 WO 2022024520 A1 WO2022024520 A1 WO 2022024520A1 JP 2021019501 W JP2021019501 W JP 2021019501W WO 2022024520 A1 WO2022024520 A1 WO 2022024520A1
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- ptfe powder
- electrode mixture
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- sheet
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Images
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a PTFE powder, a method for manufacturing an electrode, and an electrode, and more particularly to a PTFE powder suitable for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a method for manufacturing an electrode, and an electrode.
- an electrode mixture slurry containing an active material, a binder, etc. is applied to the surface of a core material which is a metal foil, and the coating film is dried. It is produced by a wet method of compression. In this case, there is a problem that migration in which the binder moves during the drying of the coating film is likely to occur. When migration of the binder occurs, the amount of the binder increases on the surface side of the coating film (electrode mixture layer) rather than on the core material side, and the distribution of the binder in the thickness direction of the electrode mixture layer is biased. Occurs.
- an electrode mixture sheet is produced by rolling an electrode mixture and formed into a sheet, and the sheet is attached to a core material to manufacture an electrode.
- an active material, a particulate binder, and a conductive material are mixed using a mill, and then a large shearing force is applied to the mixture at a high pressure to treat the mixture for a long time.
- An electrode film (electrode mixture) produced by fibrillating a material is disclosed.
- the PTFE powder according to one aspect of the present disclosure is in a dry state, and the ratio of fibrous particles having an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more to all particles is 20% to 60%, and the average major axis of the fibrous particles.
- the size is 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the PTFE powder according to another aspect of the present disclosure is in a dry state, the ratio of fibrous particles having an aspect ratio of 5 or more to all particles is 60% or more, and the average minor axis size of the fibrous particles is 1 ⁇ m. It is ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
- the method for producing an electrode according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a mixing step of mixing the above-mentioned PTFE powder, an active material, and a conductive material to prepare an electrode mixture having a solid content concentration of substantially 100%, and an electrode combination. It includes a rolling step of producing an electrode mixture sheet by rolling a material and forming it into a sheet, and a bonding step of producing an electrode by bonding the electrode mixture sheet to a core material.
- an electrode mixture containing the above-mentioned PTFE powder, an active material, and a conductive material is laminated on the surface of the core material, and the coverage of the conductive material on the surface of the active material is high.
- the content of the PTFE powder in the first region is 10% to 60%, and the electrode mixture is divided into three equal parts in the thickness direction to form the first region, the second region, and the third region from the core material side.
- (A) the content (b) of the PTFE powder in the second region, and the content (c) of the PTFE powder in the third region satisfy (ca) / (a + b + c) ⁇ ⁇ 10%.
- an electrode mixture sheet having excellent moldability and high breaking strength. Further, since the active material contained in the electrode mixture sheet according to the present disclosure has a high coverage of the conductive material, the battery characteristics of the electrode can be improved by using the electrode mixture sheet.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode which is an example of an embodiment.
- 2A and 2B are a diagram showing a mixing step and
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a rolling step in an electrode manufacturing process which is an example of an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a bonding step in the electrode manufacturing process, which is an example of the embodiment.
- the PTFE powder is contained in the electrode mixture as a binder, and can also be called a PTFE powder for batteries.
- the PTFE powder may be for the positive electrode.
- the PTFE powder is a dry powder, not a powder dispersed in a dispersion such as water. As a result, the electrode mixture can be produced by the dry method described later.
- the PTFE powder contains fibrous particles having an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more at a ratio of 20% to 60% with respect to the total particles.
- the average major axis size of the fibrous particles is 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m (hereinafter, the fibrous particles having the shape are referred to as fibrous particles A).
- fibrous particles A the fibrous particles having the shape are referred to as fibrous particles A.
- the ratio of the fibrous particles A to the total particles can be calculated as follows.
- the ratio of the fibrous particles B described later to the total particles can also be measured by the same method.
- the PTFE powder containing the fibrous particles A is imaged with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The shooting magnification can be, for example, 300 to 1000 times.
- the captured image is taken into a computer, and all the particles are divided into fibrous particles A and particles having an aspect ratio of less than 1.5 by using image analysis software such as ImageJ.
- image analysis software such as ImageJ.
- the ratio of the fibrous particles A to the total particles by dividing the number of the fibrous particles A by the total number of the particles, that is, the total number of the fibrous particles A and the particles having an aspect ratio of less than 1.5. Is calculated.
- the SEM image is analyzed by image analysis software in the same manner as in the calculation of the ratio of the fibrous particles A to all the particles, and the fibrous particles 100 having an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more are obtained. It can be calculated by measuring the major axis size (major axis length) of a book and averaging the measured values.
- the average minor axis size of the fibrous particles B which will be described later, can also be measured by the same method.
- the average aspect ratio of the fibrous particles A may be 2 to 20.
- the aspect ratio (length) of 100 fibrous particles having an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more is obtained by analyzing the SEM image with image analysis software in the same manner as in the above calculation of the average major axis size. It can be calculated by measuring the axis / minor axis) and averaging the measured values.
- the average aspect ratio of the fibrous particles B which will be described later, can also be measured by the same method.
- the PTFE powder containing the fibrous particles A can be produced by fibrillating the PTFE raw material (PTFE particles) belonging to the fine powder capable of fibrillation (fibrosis) with a dry crusher such as a jet mill crusher.
- the PTFE raw material may be secondary particles.
- the average particle size of the PTFE raw material is, for example, 100 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m, preferably 100 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the PTFE raw material can be obtained by observing the particles of the PTFE raw material with SEM.
- the major axis (longest diameter) of each of the 100 particles is obtained, and the average value thereof is taken as the average particle diameter of the PTFE raw material.
- the ratio of fibrous particles A to all particles is 20% to 60 by appropriately adjusting the supply rate of the PTFE raw material, the crushing pressure, and the like. Can be adjusted to%.
- the PTFE powder contains fibrous particles having an aspect ratio of 5 or more at a ratio of 60% or more with respect to the total particles.
- the PTFE powder preferably contains fibrous particles having an aspect ratio of 5 or more at a ratio of 80% or more with respect to all the particles.
- the average minor axis size of the fibrous particles is 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m (hereinafter, the fibrous particles having the shape are referred to as fibrous particles B).
- the PTFE powder containing the fibrous particles B can be produced by fibrillating the PTFE raw material (PTFE particles) belonging to the fine powder capable of fibrillation (fibrosis) with a dry crusher such as an air flow crusher.
- a dry crusher such as an air flow crusher.
- the PTFE raw material the same material as in the case of producing the PTFE powder containing the above-mentioned fibrous particles A can be used.
- the ratio of fibrous particles B to all particles can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the supply speed of the PTFE raw material, the number of rotations of the blades, the gaps, and the like. It can be adjusted to 60% or more.
- the median diameter of the PTFE powder containing the fibrous particles A and / or B is preferably 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the median diameter can be measured with a particle size distribution meter.
- the median diameter of the PTFE powder containing the fibrous particles A and / or B is 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, which means that the PTFE powder containing the fibrous particles A and / or B is in a finely divided size with respect to the PTFE particles as the raw material for PTFE. It means that there is.
- the electrode according to the present disclosure is suitable for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, but it can also be applied to a battery containing an aqueous electrolyte or a power storage device such as a capacitor.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery
- a power storage device such as a capacitor
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode which is an example of an embodiment.
- the electrode 10 includes a core material 11 and an electrode mixture 12 provided on the surface of the core material 11. As shown in FIG. 1, the electrode 10 may be provided with an electrode mixture 12 on both sides of the core material 11.
- the electrode 10 may be a long electrode constituting a wound electrode body, or may be a rectangular electrode constituting a laminated electrode body.
- the electrode 10 can be applied to the positive electrode, the negative electrode, or both of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the core material 11 a metal foil, a film having a metal layer formed on the surface, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the core material 11 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- a metal foil containing aluminum as a main component can be used for the core material 11.
- a metal foil containing copper as a main component can be used.
- the main component means a component having the highest mass ratio.
- the core material 11 may be a substantially 100% aluminum aluminum foil or a substantially 100% copper copper foil.
- the electrode mixture 12 contains PTFE powder, an active material, and a conductive material.
- the thickness of the electrode mixture 12 is, for example, 30 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m, preferably 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the electrode mixture 12 may contain a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) that does not fibrillate.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the electrode mixture 12 is composed mainly of an active material.
- the content of the active material is preferably 85% by mass to 99% by mass, more preferably 90% by mass to 99% by mass, based on the mass of the electrode mixture 12.
- Lithium transition metal composite oxide is generally used as the active material for the positive electrode (positive electrode active material).
- Metallic elements contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide include Ni, Co, Mn, Al, B, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Zr, Nb, In and Sn. , Ta, W and the like. Above all, it is preferable to contain at least one of Ni, Co and Mn.
- the active material of the negative electrode include natural graphite such as scaly graphite, massive graphite, and earthy graphite, artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG), and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB). Carbon-based active material is used. Further, as the negative electrode active material, a Si-based active material that alloys with lithium may be used.
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the electrode mixture 12 include carbon materials such as carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), Ketjen black, and graphite.
- the content of the conductive material is, for example, 0.5% by mass to 5.0% by mass with respect to the mass of the electrode mixture 12.
- the coverage of the conductive material on the surface of the active material is preferably 10% to 60%, more preferably 20% to 60%. Since the coverage of the conductive material is sufficiently high, the battery characteristics of the electrode can be improved. As will be described later, the coverage of the conductive material can be increased by relatively shortening the time for mixing the PTFE powder with the active material and the conductive material.
- the content of the PTFE powder is, for example, 0.5% by mass to 5.0% by mass with respect to the mass of the electrode mixture 12.
- the PTFE powder adheres to the surface of the particles of the active material and is entangled with the active material. In other words, the positive electrode active material is retained by the PTFE powder that exists in a mesh pattern.
- the PTFE powder contains the fibrous particles A and / or the fibrous particles B in a predetermined amount, it is possible to produce an electrode mixture sheet having good moldability and high breaking strength.
- the electrode mixture 12 When the electrode mixture 12 is divided into three equal parts in the thickness direction to form the first region, the second region, and the third region from the core material 11 side, the content (a) of the PTFE powder in the first region, the second region.
- the content (b) of the PTFE powder in the region and the content (c) of the PTFE powder in the third region satisfy (ca) / (a + b + c) ⁇ ⁇ 10%, and (ca) / (a + b + c). It is preferable to satisfy ⁇ ⁇ 5%.
- the difference between the content (a) of the PTFE powder in the first region near the surface and the content (c) of the PTFE powder in the third region near the core material 11 is the total content (a + b + c) of the PTFE powder.
- the PTFE powder is not ubiquitous in a part of the electrode mixture 12 and is substantially uniform throughout. Can exist.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture 12 satisfies 8 or more.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture 12 is a breaking peripheral speed ratio at the time of forming a test sheet for measuring the breaking peripheral speed ratio.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio can be measured by changing the peripheral speed ratio of a pair of molding rolls when molding a test sheet from the electrode mixture particles and specifying the peripheral speed ratio when the sheet breaks. "It is preferable that the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture 12 satisfies 8 or more", and "it is preferable that the breaking peripheral speed ratio at the time of forming a test sheet for measuring the breaking peripheral speed ratio satisfies 8 or more". It means that.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture 12 satisfies 8 or more, it can be determined that the PTFE powder contained in the electrode mixture 12 has been appropriately fibrillated, and the electrode mixture 12 satisfying this condition From the electrode mixture 12 which is excellent in moldability and satisfies this condition, the electrode mixture 12 having high breaking strength can be produced.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio is more preferably 9 or more, still more preferably 10 or more.
- the method for measuring the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture 12 is as follows.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio can be measured by using the same device as the device for rolling the electrode mixture particles 12a shown in FIG. 2B and forming the sheet-shaped electrode mixture sheet 12b, which will be described later.
- the electrode mixture particles 12a are rolled using two rolls to form the electrode mixture 12 into a sheet.
- the linear pressure of the two constant pressure rolls is about 0.03 t / cm
- the gap is 0 ⁇ m
- the peripheral speed of one roll is fixed at 5 m / min
- the peripheral speed ratio is 1.
- the electrode mixture was made into a sheet while changing from 1 to 10 in increments of 1, and the smallest peripheral speed ratio among the peripheral speed ratios in which breakage was observed in the sheet was taken as the breakage peripheral speed ratio.
- the sheet of the electrode mixture obtained when measuring the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture corresponds to the above-mentioned test sheet.
- the test sheet can also be read as an electrode mixture sheet.
- the peripheral speed ratio is the ratio of the peripheral speed of one roll when the peripheral speed of one roll is 1.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio is the peripheral speed ratio at the time of breaking of the test sheet, and the peripheral speed of one roll is set to 1, and the peripheral speed of the other roll when the test sheet is broken is expressed as a ratio. Is.
- the electrode mixture 12 is preferably a mixture in which the active material, the PTFE powder, and the conductive material are uniformly dispersed, and the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture 12 is an index indicating the dispersibility of the constituent materials. Further, it is preferable that the electrode mixture 12 has less particle cracking of the active material, and most of the conductive material adheres to the particle surface of the active material to form a conductive path between the particles. That is, it is necessary to prepare the electrode mixture 12 so that the conductive material is taken into the PTFE powder and the amount of the conductive material attached to the particle surface of the active material is not reduced while suppressing the particle cracking of the active material. According to the manufacturing method described later, it is possible to manufacture a high-quality electrode mixture 12 satisfying such conditions.
- FIG. 2 and 3 are diagrams schematically showing the manufacturing process of the electrode 10 which is an example of the embodiment.
- the method for manufacturing the electrode 10 includes a mixing step shown in FIG. 2A, a rolling step shown in FIG. 2B, and a bonding step shown in FIG.
- the mixing step the PTFE powder, the active material, and the conductive material are mixed to prepare electrode mixture particles 12a having a solid content concentration of substantially 100%.
- the rolling step the electrode mixture particles 12a are rolled and formed into a sheet to produce an electrode mixture sheet.
- the bonding step an electrode is manufactured by bonding an electrode mixture sheet to a core material.
- the method for manufacturing the electrode 10 is a dry process in which the electrode 10 is manufactured using the electrode mixture 12 having a solid content concentration of substantially 100%.
- the dry process is a process of mixing the active material particles and the binder particles without using a solvent, that is, the solid content concentration of the active material and the binder is substantially 100%. It is to be mixed in the state.
- the method for manufacturing the electrode 10 according to the present disclosure does not require the use of a solvent as in the conventional method for manufacturing the electrode 10.
- the fact that there is no need to use a solvent means that not only is it unnecessary as a raw material, but also the solvent drying step is unnecessary, and the exhaust equipment and the like related to the drying step can be eliminated.
- raw materials such as PTFE powder, active material, and conductive material are mixed by the mixer 20 to prepare electrode mixture particles 12a.
- the PTFE powder containing a predetermined amount of the fibrous particles A and / or the fibrous particles B is used for a short-time mixing treatment to increase the coverage of the conductive material on the surface of the active material. It is possible to improve the dispersibility of the material and improve the formability and breaking strength of the electrode mixture 12.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture 12 is preferably 8 or more.
- the breaking peripheral speed ratio of the electrode mixture 12 is an index showing the dispersibility of the constituent materials, the formability of the electrode mixture 12, and the breaking strength.
- the conductive material When the mixing treatment is performed for a long time, the conductive material is incorporated into the binder, and the coverage of the conductive material on the surface of the active material is less than 10%. Further, by using the PTFE powder containing the fibrous particles A and / or the fibrous particles B in a predetermined amount, the dispersibility of the constituent materials can be improved even in the mixing treatment in a short time, so that the dispersibility of the constituent materials can be improved during the mixing treatment. Cracking of active material can be suppressed.
- the active material contained in the electrode may include one cracked by the mixing treatment and one cracked by the rolling step described later.
- the conductive material may be attached to the surface of the active material in advance by a mechanofusion method or the like before the active material and the conductive material are charged into the mixer 20.
- a mechanofusion method By adhering the conductive material to the surface of the active material in advance, the mixing process in the mixer 40 can be set in a short time for obtaining a state in which the raw materials other than the conductive material are dispersed.
- the mechanofusion method is a dry processing method performed by a mechanofusion reactor equipped with a compression tool and a blade inside and having a tubular chamber that rotates at high speed. The rotation speed is usually faster than 1000 rpm.
- a conventionally known mechanical stirring mixer can be used.
- a suitable mixer 40 include a cutter mill, a pin mill, a bead mill, and a fine particle compounding device (shearing between a rotor having a special shape that rotates at high speed inside a tank and a collision plate), which are devices capable of applying mechanical shearing force.
- a device that produces force a granulator, a kneader such as a twin-screw extruder or a planetary mixer, and a cutter mill, a fine particle compounding device, a granulator, and a twin-screw extruder are preferable.
- the PTFE powder can be further made into fibril while mixing the raw materials.
- the processing time of the mixing step is preferably within several minutes, and can be, for example, 0.5 minutes to 4 minutes. Since the PTFE powder already contains a predetermined amount of fibrillated fibrous particles A and / or fibrous particles B, the PTFE powder can be adhered to the particle surface of the active material if the treatment time is 0.5 minutes or more. Can be entwined with active materials. If the treatment time is too long, the amount of conductive material incorporated into the PTFE powder will increase. In this case, the conductivity of the electrode mixture sheet is greatly reduced and the resistance is increased, which adversely affects the battery characteristics. In addition, the longer the treatment time, the more the PTFE becomes fibrillated. Therefore, if the fibrillation progresses excessively, the breaking strength of the sheet decreases.
- the electrode mixture particles 12a are rolled using two rolls 22 and formed into a sheet.
- the two rolls 22 are arranged with a predetermined gap and rotate in the same direction.
- the electrode mixture particles 12a are compressed by the two rolls 22 and stretched into a sheet shape.
- the two rolls 22 have, for example, the same roll diameter.
- the obtained electrode mixture sheet 12b may be passed through the gap between the two rolls 22 a plurality of times, or may be stretched one or more times using other rolls having different roll diameters, peripheral speeds, gaps, and the like. Further, the roll may be heated to heat-press the electrode mixture particles 12a.
- the thickness of the electrode mixture sheet 12b can be controlled by, for example, the gap between the two rolls 22, the peripheral speed, the number of stretching treatments, and the like.
- the peripheral speed ratio of the two rolls 22 is more preferably 2.5 times or more, and may be 3 times or more. As the peripheral speed ratio increases, the shearing force acting on the electrode mixture sheet 12b increases, so that the electrode mixture sheet 12b is required to have high breaking strength.
- FIG. 3 shows a state in which the electrode mixture 12 is bonded to only one surface of the core material 11, but it is preferable that the electrode mixture 12 is bonded to both surfaces of the core material 11.
- the two electrode mixture 12 may be bonded to both surfaces of the core material 11 at the same time, or one sheet may be bonded to one surface of the core material 11 and then the other sheet may be bonded to the other surface. good.
- the electrode mixture sheet 12b is bonded to the surface of the core material 11 using two rolls 24.
- the two rolls 24 have, for example, the same roll diameter, are arranged with a predetermined gap, and rotate in the same direction at the same peripheral speed. It is preferable that the two rolls 24 are heated to a predetermined temperature and applied a predetermined pressure.
- Example 1-1 [Preparation of PTFE powder]
- a PTFE raw material (PTFE particles) having an average particle diameter of 343 ⁇ m was pulverized with a jet mill pulverizer under the conditions of a supply speed of 3 kg / h and a pulverization pressure of 0.6 MPa to obtain PTFE powder.
- the total median diameter of the obtained PTFE powder was 15.4 ⁇ m.
- the obtained positive electrode mixture particles were passed between two rolls and rolled to prepare a positive electrode mixture sheet.
- the peripheral speed ratio of the two rolls was set to 1: 3, and the thickness of the positive electrode mixture sheet was adjusted to about 100 ⁇ m.
- the obtained positive electrode mixture particles and the positive electrode mixture sheet were evaluated for breaking strength and film formation property (appearance) of the sheet by the following method, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1 together with the state of the PTFE powder.
- the film forming property is determined from the two evaluation items of the presence or absence of white streaks due to the poor dispersibility of the PTFE powder and the sheet state at the end. was evaluated. Regarding the presence or absence of white streaks, the case where white streaks were hardly confirmed and the PTFE powder was uniformly dispersed was evaluated as ⁇ , and the case where there were many white streaks and the PTFE powder had many irregularities was evaluated as x.
- Example 1-2 In the preparation of PTFE powder, it was carried out except that a flow-type crusher was used instead of a jet mill crusher and crushing was performed in a continuous process under the conditions of a supply speed of 20 kg / h, a rotation speed of 8000 rpm, and a gap of 2 mm. Positive electrode mixture particles and positive electrode mixture sheets were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The median diameter of the obtained PTFE powder as a whole was 9.3 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1-2> In the preparation of PTFE powder, it was carried out except that a flow-type crusher was used instead of a jet mill crusher and crushing was performed in a continuous process under the conditions of a supply speed of 10 kg / h, a rotation speed of 5000 rpm, and a gap of 5 mm. Positive electrode mixture particles and positive electrode mixture sheets were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1-3> In the preparation of PTFE powder, a dry bead mill was used instead of a jet mill crusher, and pulverization was performed in a continuous process under the conditions of a flow rate of 0.4 L / min, a peripheral speed of 14 m / s, and a bead diameter of ⁇ 1.0 mm. Except for the above, positive electrode mixture particles and positive electrode mixture sheets were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1-4 In the preparation of PTFE powder, a wet bead mill was used instead of a jet mill crusher, ethanol was used as a solvent in a batch process, and crushing was performed with ZrO 2 beads ⁇ 2.0 mm for 60 minutes. Positive electrode mixture particles and positive electrode mixture sheets were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 2-1 [Preparation of positive electrode]
- the positive electrode mixture sheet produced in Example 1-1 is placed on the surface of the positive electrode core material, and the laminate of the positive electrode mixture sheet and the positive electrode core material is pressed using two rolls (linear pressure: 1.0 t /). cm) to obtain a positive electrode.
- An aluminum alloy foil was used as the core material.
- Example 2-2> In the preparation of the positive electrode mixture particles, the same as in Example 2-1 except that the PTFE powder obtained in Example 1-2 was used instead of the PTFE powder obtained in Example 1-1. A positive electrode was prepared.
- Example 2-4 In the production of the positive electrode mixture particles, the positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 2-2, except that the rotation speed of the mixer was changed to the memory 1.
- Example 2-5> In the preparation of the positive electrode mixture particles, the positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 2-2, except that the rotation speed of the mixer was changed to the memory 1 and the mixing time was changed to 1 minute.
- the content of the binder in the first region, the second region, and the third region in the positive electrode mixture, and the coverage of AB on the surface of the active material were evaluated.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2 together with the preparation conditions for the positive electrode mixture particles.
- the coverage of the conductive material on the surface of the active material was 10% to 60%, and the content (a) of the PTFE powder in the first region was the second. It can be seen that the content (b) of the PTFE powder in the region and the content (c) of the PTFE powder in the third region satisfy (ca) / (a + b + c) ⁇ ⁇ 10%.
- the coverage of the conductive material on the surface of the active material was less than 10%. Therefore, it is presumed that the positive electrode of the example can improve the battery characteristics of the electrode as compared with the positive electrode of the comparative example because the coverage of the conductive material is high with respect to the positive electrode active material.
- Example 2-5 a positive electrode was prepared with a lower mixing speed and a shorter mixing time as compared with other examples. It can be seen that a high conductive coverage can be achieved with a low mixing speed and a short mixing time. On the other hand, if the mixing time is too short compared to the content of the binder in the first region, the second region, and the third region, the dispersibility of the mixed material particles may be affected.
- Electrode 11 Core material 12 Electrode mixture 12a Electrode mixture particles 12b Electrode mixture sheet 20 Mixer 22, 24 rolls
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Abstract
Description
PTFE粉末は、結着材として電極合材に含まれ、電池用PTFE粉末とも言うことができる。PTFE粉末は正極用であってもよい。PTFE粉末は、乾燥状態の粉末であり、水等のディスパージョンに分散した状態の粉末ではない。これにより、後述する乾式の方法で電極合材を作製することができる。
(1)繊維状粒子Aを含むPTFE粉末を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で撮像する。撮影倍率は、例えば、300~1000倍とすることができる。
(2)撮像した画像をコンピュータに取り込み、ImageJ等の画像解析ソフトで、全粒子を繊維状粒子Aと、アスペクト比が1.5未満の粒子とに分ける。
(3)繊維状粒子Aの個数を、全粒子の個数、即ち、繊維状粒子Aとアスペクト比が1.5未満の粒子の個数の合計で除して、全粒子に対する繊維状粒子Aの割合を算出する。
本開示に係る電極は、リチウムイオン電池等の非水電解質二次電池に好適であるが、水系電解質を含む電池、或いはキャパシタ等の蓄電装置に適用することも可能である。なお、以下では、非水電解質二次電池用の電極(特に正極に適用する場合)を例に挙げて説明する。
以下、電極10の製造方法について、さらに詳説する。以下では、正極の製造方法を例示するが、この製造方法は負極の製造にも同様に適用できる。負極の場合、正極活物質の代わりに負極活物質を用いる。また、導電材を添加しなくてもよい。
以下、実施例により本開示をさらに説明するが、本開示はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
[PTFE粉末の作製]
平均粒子径が343μmのPTFE原料(PTFE粒子)をジェットミル粉砕機にて供給速度3kg/h、粉砕圧力0.6MPaの条件下で粉砕し、PTFE粉末を得た。得られたPTFE粉末全体のメジアン径は15.4μmであった。
ホソカワミクロン株式会社製NOB300?ノビルタ(登録商標)を用いて、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物1000gとアセチレンブラック(AB)10gとをノビルタ粉砕機で5分間混合し、炭素付着正極活物質を作製した。
上記の炭素付着正極活物質と、PTFE粉末とを、101:4の質量比で混合機(大阪ケミカル製、ワンダークラッシャー)に投入し、室温で、メモリ5の回転数で2分間混合処理した。なお、ワンダークラッシャーの回転数は、メモリ10で最大の28000rpmである。この混合処理によって、正極活物質、PTFE粉末、及びABが均一に分散した正極合材粒子が得られた。得られた正極合材は、固形分濃度100%であった。
得られた正極合材粒子を2つのロールの間に通して圧延し、正極合材シートを作製した。2つのロールの周速比を1:3とし、正極合材シートの厚みを約100μmに調整した。
上記正極合材シートの作製とは別に、テストシートを成形し、破断周速比を測定し、破断強度を評価した。テストシートの成形は、正極合材粒子を図2(b)のようにシート化する際、2つの定圧ロールの線圧を約0.03t/cm、ギャップを0μmとし、一方のロールの周速を5m/minに固定し、周速比を1から10まで1ずつ変えてシート化を行い、シートに破断が発生したときの最も小さな周速比を破断周速比とし、シートの破断強度を評価した。破断周速比の測定は複数回行い、各々の測定においてシートに破断が発生したときの最も小さな周速比の平均の周速比を、破断周速比とした。
正極合材シートの作製により得られた正極合材シートを目視観察して、PTFE粉末の分散性不良に起因する白すじの有無、及び、端部のシート状態の2つの評価項目から成膜性を評価した。白すじの有無については、白すじが殆ど確認されず、PTFE粉末が均一に分散されている場合を〇、白すじが多く、PTFE粉末のムラが多い場合を×とした。「白すじが多く、繊維状PTFEのムラが多い場合」とは、PTFEの繊維化が不十分であり、大きなPTFE粒子の存在によって白すじが観察されたことを意味する。端部のシート状態については、正極合材シートの延伸方向に対して垂直方向の両端部において、中央部と同等にシートが形成されている場合を〇、端部が粉っぽく、シートが十分に形成されていない場合を×とした。「端部が粉っぽく、シートが十分に形成されていない場合」とは、中央部よりも圧延時の圧力が小さい端部において、圧縮が足りず、成形が不十分で粉っぽくなったことを意味する。白すじの有無、及び、端部のシート状態の評価結果は、表1の『白すじ』及び『端部』に示した。
PTFE粉末の作製において、ジェットミル粉砕機の代わりに気流式粉砕機を用い、連続式プロセスにて供給速度20kg/h、回転数8000rpm、間隙2mmの条件下で粉砕を実施したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合材粒子及び正極合材シートを作製し、評価を行った。なお、得られたPTFE粉末全体のメジアン径は、9.3μmであった。
PTFE粉末の作製を行わず、未処理のPTFE原料を用いて正極合材粒子の作製を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合材粒子及び正極合材シートを作製し、評価を行った。
PTFE粉末の作製において、ジェットミル粉砕機の代わりに気流式粉砕機を用い、連続式プロセスにて供給速度10kg/h、回転数5000rpm、間隙5mmの条件下で粉砕を実施したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合材粒子及び正極合材シートを作製し、評価を行った。
PTFE粉末の作製において、ジェットミル粉砕機の代わりに乾式ビーズミルを用い、連続式プロセスにて流量0.4L/min、周速14m/s、ビーズ径φ1.0mmの条件下で粉砕を実施したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合材粒子及び正極合材シートを作製し、評価を行った。
PTFE粉末の作製において、ジェットミル粉砕機の代わりに湿式ビーズミルを用い、バッチ式プロセスにて溶媒にエタノールを使用し、ZrO2ビーズφ2.0mmにて60分間粉砕処理を実施したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合材粒子及び正極合材シートを作製し、評価を行った。
[正極の作製]
実施例1-1で作製した正極合材シートを正極芯材の表面に配置し、2つのロールを用いて、正極合材シートと正極芯材の積層体をプレス(線圧:1.0t/cm)して正極を得た。芯材としては、アルミニウム合金箔を用いた。
正極合材粒子の作製において、実施例1-1で得られたPTFE粉末の代わりに、実施例1-2で得られたPTFE粉末を使用したこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして正極を作製した。
正極合材粒子の作製において、混合機の回転数をメモリ3に変更したこと以外は、実施例2-2と同様に正極を作製した。
正極合材粒子の作製において、混合機の回転数をメモリ1に変更したこと以外は、実施例2-2と同様に正極を作製した。
正極合材粒子の作製において、混合機の回転数をメモリ1に、混合時間を1分間に変更したこと以外は、実施例2-2と同様に正極を作製した。
正極合材粒子の作製において、実施例1-1で得られたPTFE粉末の代わりに、比較例1-1で得られたPTFE粉末を使用し、混合時間を5分間に変更したこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして正極を作製した。
11 芯材
12 電極合材
12a 電極合材粒子
12b 電極合材シート
20 混合機
22,24 ロール
Claims (10)
- 乾燥状態のPTFE粉末であって、
アスペクト比が1.5以上の繊維状粒子を、全粒子に対して、20%~60%の割合で含み、
前記繊維状粒子の平均長軸サイズが1μm~20μmである、PTFE粉末。 - 前記繊維状粒子の平均アスペクト比が2~20である、請求項1に記載のPTFE粉末。
- メジアン径が2μm~20μmである、請求項1又は2に記載のPTFE粉末。
- 非水電解質二次電池の正極用の結着材である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のPTFE粉末。
- 乾燥状態のPTFE粉末であって、
アスペクト比が5以上の繊維状粒子を、全粒子に対して、60%以上の割合で含み、
前記繊維状粒子の平均短軸サイズが1μm~20μmである、PTFE粉末。 - メジアン径が2μm~20μmである、請求項5に記載のPTFE粉末。
- 非水電解質二次電池の正極用の結着材である、請求項5又は6に記載のPTFE粉末。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のPTFE粉末と活物質と導電材を混合して、固形分濃度が実質的に100%の電極合材粒子を作製する混合ステップと、
前記電極合材粒子を圧延してシート状に成形することにより電極合材シートを作製する圧延ステップと、
前記電極合材シートを芯材に貼り合わせることにより電極を作製する貼合ステップとを含む、電極の製造方法。 - 前記圧延ステップにおいて、周速比が2倍以上異なる2つのロールを用いて、前記電極合材粒子をシート状に成形する、請求項8に記載の電極の製造方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のPTFE粉末と、活物質と、導電材とを含む電極合材が芯材の表面に積層された電極であって、
前記活物質の表面における前記導電材の被覆率が10%~60%であり、
前記電極合材を厚み方向に3等分し、前記芯材側から第1領域、第2領域、及び第3領域とした場合に、前記第1領域における前記PTFE粉末の含有量(a)、前記第2領域における前記PTFE粉末の含有量(b)、前記第3領域における前記PTFE粉末の含有量(c)が、(c-a)/(a+b+c)≦±10%を満たす、電極。
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